Risk Of Metabolic Syndrome Research Articles

Predictors of metabolic syndrome and its components in patients with type 2 diabetes: A cross-sectional study in the Ho municipality, Ghana

BackgroundMetabolic syndrome refers to a group of risk factors that individually or synergistically increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. The predictors of metabolic syndrome are thought to vary between populations and ethnicities. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the factors predicting metabolic syndrome and its components among patients with type 2 diabetes in the Ho municipality. MethodsA hospital-based cross-sectional study was designed to include 197 patients with type 2 diabetes at the Ho Municipal Hospital. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to obtain data on demography and lifestyle variables. Anthropometric, haemodynamic, and biochemical parameters were measured. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the harmonised criteria. Renal function was evaluated based on the Chronic Kidney Disease-Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI)] and the evidence of proteinuria. Chi-square test and logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the predictors of metabolic syndrome and its components. ResultsOverall, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 59.90 %. Females had higher odds of metabolic syndrome [OR: 2.64, 95 % CI: 1.48–4.71; p = 0.001], abdominal obesity [OR: 11.49, 95 % CI: 5.18–25.49, p < 0.001], and low HDL-C levels [OR: 17.67, 95 % CI: 4.73–65.99, p < 0.001]. Having a family history of diabetes increased the risk of metabolic syndrome [OR: 1.94, 95 % CI: 1.09–3.54, p = 0.023] and abdominal obesity [OR: 2.60, 95 % CI: 1.25–5.42, p = 0.011]. Having diabetes for 5 years or more was associated with uncontrolled FBG [OR: 4.75, 95 % CI: 1.25–17.98, p = 0.022] and low HDL-C levels [OR: 4.52, 95 % CI: 1.64–12.45, p = 0.004]. Attainment of secondary education increased the risk of abdominal obesity [OR: 5.73, 95 % CI: 1.46 – 22.49, p = 0.012], while the attainment of tertiary education increased the risk of low HDL-C [OR: 4.20, 95 % CI: 1.09 – 16.24, p = 0.038]. Physical inactivity was associated with metabolic syndrome [OR: 2.19, 95 % CI: 1.12 – 4.28, p = 0.022]. Being older than 50 years had a two-fold increased risk of elevated BP [OR: 2.53, 95 % CI: 1.36–4.69, p = 0.003]. However, females were about 56 % unlikely to be associated with elevated BP [OR: 0.44, 95 % CI: 0.23–0.84, p = 0.013]. ConclusionThe female gender, family history of diabetes, and longer duration of diabetes as well as attainment of secondary and tertiary level education and physical inactivity were significant predictors of metabolic syndrome and its components in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Ceramides and metabolic profiles of patients with acute coronary disease: a cross-sectional study.

Metabolic Syndrome (MS) is a rapidly growing medical problem worldwide and is characterized by a cluster of age-related metabolic risk factors. The presence of MS increases the likelihood of developing atherosclerosis and significantly raises the morbidity/mortality rate of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients. Early detection of MS is crucial, and biomarkers, particularly blood-based, play a vital role in this process. This cross-sectional study focused on the investigation of certain plasma ceramides (Cer14:0, Cer16:0, Cer18:0, Cer20:0, Cer22:0, and Cer24:1) as potential blood biomarkers for MS due to their previously documented dysregulated function in MS patients. A total of 695 ACS patients were enrolled, with 286 diagnosed with MS (ACS-MS) and 409 without MS (ACS-nonMS) serving as the control group. Plasma ceramide concentrations were measured by LC-MS/MS assay and analyzed through various statistical methods. The results revealed that Cer18:0, Cer20:0, Cer22:0, and Cer24:1 were significantly correlated with the presence of MS risk factors. Upon further examination, Cer18:0 emerged as a promising biomarker for early MS detection and risk stratification, as its plasma concentration showed a significant sensitivity to minor changes in MS risk status in participants. This cross-sectional observational study was a secondary analysis of a multicenter prospective observational cohort study (Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, https://www.who.int/clinical-trials-registry-platform/network/primary-registries/chinese-clinical-trial-registry-(chictr), ChiCTR-2200056697), conducted from April 2021 to August 2022.

Muscle Quality and Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in Adult Patients with Inherited Metabolic Diseases

Muscle Quality and Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in Adult Patients with Inherited Metabolic Diseases

Influence of Phenotypes on the Metabolic Syndrome of Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome over a Six-Year Follow-Up in Brazil.

We followed polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) women with metabolic syndrome (MS) over a six-year treatment period and evaluated the influence of PCOS phenotypes on MS and on the risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This was an observational study of 457 PCOS women, whose demographic, clinical, hormonal, and metabolic data underwent analysis. The PCOS women were divided into four groups per NIH recommendations. After a follow-up of a mean of six years (1-20 years), 310 patients were selected to assess the development of T2DM and MS. The clinical and biochemical parameters, along with the Rotterdam phenotypes, were evaluated. Data were analyzed using Student's t- and the Pearson chi-square tests for data variation and group proportions, respectively. Additionally, multivariate analysis was applied to evaluate the effect of PCOS phenotypes on the risk for MS and T2DM. Patients of the four PCOS phenotypes did not differ in age, body mass index, total testosterone, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia, but phenotype A patients showed the highest risk for T2DM. A decrease in androgen levels was not followed by an improved metabolic profile; instead, there was a significant increase in the number of T2DM cases. Phenotype A women are at the highest risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Roles of serum uric acid on the association between arsenic exposure and incident metabolic syndrome in an older Chinese population

Growing evidences showed that heavy metals exposure may be associated with metabolic diseases. Nevertheless, the mechanism underlying arsenic (As) exposure and metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk has not been fully elucidated. So we aimed to prospectively investigate the role of serum uric acid (SUA) on the association between blood As exposure and incident MetS. A sample of 1045 older participants in a community in China was analyzed. We determined As at baseline and SUA concentration at follow-up in the Yiwu Elderly Cohort. MetS events were defined according to the criteria of the International Diabetes Federation (IDF). Generalized linear model with log-binominal regression model was applied to estimate the association of As with incident MetS. To investigate the role of SUA in the association between As and MetS, a mediation analysis was conducted. In the fully adjusted log-binominal model, per interquartile range increment of As, the risk of MetS increased 1.25-fold. Compared with the lowest quartile of As, the adjusted relative risk (RR) of MetS in the highest quartile was 1.42 (95% confidence interval, CI: 1.03, 2.00). Additionally, blood As was positively associated with SUA, while SUA had significant association with MetS risk. Further mediation analysis demonstrated that the association of As and MetS risk was mediated by SUA, with the proportion of 15.7%. Our study found higher As was remarkably associated with the elevated risk of MetS in the Chinese older adults population. Mediation analysis indicated that SUA might be a mediator in the association between As exposure and MetS.

Leisure time physical activity: a protective factor against metabolic syndrome development

PurposePhysical activity (PA) is a modifiable factor in preventing/treating cardiometabolic disease. However, no studies have yet compared specific moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) domains with the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in detail. Here, the present study was conducted to examine the impact of different MVPA domains (leisure-time PA (LTPA) vs. occupational PA (OPA) vs. total MVPA) on the risk of MetS in Korean adults. Materials and methods: Data from the 2014 to 2021 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed (N = 31,558). MetS was defined according to the criteria by revised NCEP/ATP-III. The domain-specific MVPA was assessed using the K-GPAQ. The LTPA and OPA status were classified into four categories: (1) 0 min/week, (2) 1 to 149 min/week, (3) 150 to 299 min/week, and 4) ≥ 300 min/week. In addition, the present study calculated total MVPA as a sum of OPA and LTPA and further classified it into six groups; (1) 0 min/week, (2) 1 to 149 min/week, (3) 150 to 299 min/week, (4) 300 to 449 min/week, (5) 450 to 599 min/week, 6) ≥ 600 min/week. Results: The ≥ 300 min/week and the 150 to 299 min/week of LTPA showed better outcomes in cardiometabolic disease risk factors and surrogate markers of insulin resistance compared with the 0 min/week of LTPA regardless of adiposity status. Risk of MetS in ≥ 300 min/week of LTPA was lower than in 0 min/week, 1 to 149 min/week, and 150 to 299. In addition, LTPA was significantly associated with a risk of the MetS in a curvilinear dose-response curve, however, no significant effects of a non-linear relationship between OPA and risk of the MetS. Conclusions: Our findings showed that LTPA was associated with a risk of MetS with a dose-response curve, whereas no significant non-linear effects were found between OPA and the risk of MetS. Therefore, the MVPA domain is an independent factor of the risk of MetS.

The Polymorphism rs17300539 in the Adiponectin Promoter Gene Is Related to Metabolic Syndrome, Insulin Resistance, and Adiponectin Levels in Caucasian Patients with Obesity.

Background and Aims: The present study was designed to investigate SNP rs17300539 in the ADIPOQ gene and its relationships with obesity, metabolic syndrome (MS), and serum circulating adiponectin. Methods: The present design involved a Caucasian population of 329 subjects with obesity. Anthropometric and adiposity parameters, blood pressure, biochemical parameters, and the percentage of patients with metabolic syndrome were recorded. The ADIPOQ gene variant (rs17300539) genotype was evaluated. Results: The percentage of patients with different genotypes of the rs17300539 polymorphism in this sample was 86.0% (n = 283) (GG), 11.2% (n = 37) (GA), and 2.7% (n = 9) (AA). The allele frequency was G (0.76) and A (0.24). Applying the dominant genetic model (GG vs. GA + AA), we reported differences between genotype GG and genotype GA + AA for serum adiponectin levels (Delta: 7.5 ± 1.4 ng/mL; p = 0.03), triglycerides (Delta: 41.1 ± 3.4 mg/dL; p = 0.01), fastingcirculating insulin (Delta: 4.9 ± 1.1 mUI/L; p = 0.02), and insulin resistance as HOMA-IR (Delta: 1.4 ± 0.1 units; p = 0.02). The remaining biochemical parameters were not related to the genotype of obese patients. The percentages of individuals with MS (OR = 2.07, 95% CI = 1.3-3.88; p = 0.01), hypertriglyceridaemia (OR = 2.66, 95% CI = 1.43-5.01; p = 0.01), and hyperglycaemia (OR = 3.31, 95% CI = 1.26-8.69; p = 0.02) were higher in GG subjects than patients with A allele. Logistic regression analysis reported an important risk of the presence of metabolic syndrome in GG subjects (OR = 1.99, 95% CI = 1.21-4.11; p = 0.02) after adjusting for adiponectin, dietary energy intakes, gender, weight, and age. Conclusions: The GG genotype of rs17300539 is associated with hypertriglyceridaemia, insulin resistance, low adiponectin levels, and a high risk of metabolic syndrome and its components.

Association Between Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Metabolic Syndrome

BackgroundStudies have shown an increased incidence of metabolic syndrome (MS) among irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients; we aimed to assess the eligibility of IBS as a risk factor for MS. MethodsPubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science were searched on the 1st of January 2023. Only observational controlled studies were included. Analysis was conducted by RevMan software version 5.4. ResultsIBS was associated with an increased incidence of MS (RR = 2.05, 95% CI = 1.50 to 2.79, p-value >0.00001). A significant association was seen between IBS, abdominal obesity (RR = 1.28, p-value = 0.0003), and increased waist circumference (MD = 5.01, 95% CI = 1.29 to 8.72, p-value = 0.008). IBS patients didn't have an increased risk of diabetes (RR= 1.29, 95% CI = 0.85 to 1.98, p-value = 0.23), however, they had increased HOMA- IR (MD = 0.21, 95% CI = 0.15 to 0.26, p-value < 0.00001). Analysis of blood pressure revealed an association between systolic not diastolic hypertension and IBS (MD = -0.50, 95% CI = -0.60 to -0.40, p-value >0.00001). Higher levels of LDL cholesterol (MD = 5.98, 95% CI = 0.91 to 11.05, p-value = 0.02), total cholesterol (MD = 12.21, 95% CI = 6.23 to 18.18, p-value >0.0001), and triglyceride (MD = 11.93, 95% CI = 11.55 to 12.31, p-value >0.00001) were detected among IBS patients. ConclusionIBS patients are at increased risk for MS and its components. Accordingly, patients should be screened for MS, and preventive programs should be implemented.

The Association of Vitamin D Insufficiency/Deficiency with Metabolic Syndrome, Quality of Life and Depression in Postmenopausal Women

Aim: This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the association of vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency with metabolic syndrome risk factors, quality of life, and depression in postmenopausal women aged 50 years and older. Materials and methods: The study was conducted with women who attended a handicraft course in Bursa Province, Turkey, in March 2019. At the initial visit, blood samples were obtained from the individuals, and the study was proceeded with 150 out of 165 participants with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels lower than 30 ng/mL. At the second visit, the subjects were questioned about their general characteristics, quality of life, and depression. In addition to the questionnaire, metabolic syndrome was defined according to the diagnostic criteria of the International Diabetes Federation, and waist circumference and blood pressure measurements were made for each participant. Results: The prevalences of vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency in the participants were 21.3% and 78.7, respectively. When compared to the women with vitamin D insufficiency, those with vitamin D deficiency displayed a significantly higher metabolic syndrome prevalence (46.6% vs 18.8%), waist circumference, blood pressure, and fasting blood glucose levels, and significantly lowered high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (P

Endocrine and metabolic disorders in adolescent and adult patients born small for gestational age.

Children born small for gestational age (SGA), defined by a birth weight and/or length standard deviation score (SDS) of < -2 based on an appropriate reference population, represent a diverse group due to multiple underlying causes of reduced growth. This classification results in a heterogeneous patient cohort. SGA children are prone to endocrinological and metabolic issues not only in childhood but also extending into adolescence and adulthood. This population faces elevated health risks, including persistent short stature, premature adrenarche, pubertal development alterations, neurocognitive problems, and metabolic syndrome. Insulin resistance emerges as a pivotal factor c nht6j7ikontributing to these metabolic complications, prominently featuring obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, and an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in adulthood. These medium- to long-term complications significantly impact their quality of life. Growth hormone (GH) therapy for short children born SGA facilitates height normalization throughout childhood, adolescence, and into adulthood. Catch-up growth, however, correlates with heightened risks of obesity, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome. Conversely, those without catch-up growth tend to exhibit pronounced short stature and cognitive dysfunction. Given these determinants, comprehensive management and clinical monitoring of SGA children should commence in the neonatal period and extend into adulthood. Recognizing and addressing these challenges early in life can mitigate the long-term impact on health and well-being, emphasizing the importance of a lifelong approach to their care.

The dynamic nexus: exploring the interplay of BMI before, during, and after pregnancy with Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) risk in Chinese lactating women

Background and aimThe health implications of BMI and MetS in lactating women are significant. This study aims to investigate the relationship between risk of Mets in lactation and BMI in four stages: pre-pregnancy, prenatal period, 42 days postpartum, and current lactation.Methods and resultsA total of 1870 Lactating Women within 2 years after delivery were included from "China Child and Lactating Mother Nutrition Health Surveillance (2016–2017)". Logistic regression model and Restricted cubic spline (RCS) were used to estimate the relationship between BMI and risk of MetS. ROC analysis was used to determine the threshold for the risk of MetS. Chain mediating effect analysis was used to verify the mediating effect. BMI of MetS group in all stages were higher than non-MetS group (P < 0.0001). There were significant positive correlations between BMI in each stage and ORs of MetS during lactation (P < 0.05). The best cut-off values for BMI in the four stages were 23.47, 30.49, 26.04 and 25.47 kg/m2. The non-linear spline test at BMI in 42 days postpartum, current and MetS in lactation was statistically significant (P non-linear = 0.0223, 0.0003). The mediation effect of all chains have to work through lactation BMI. The total indirect effect accounted for 80.95% of the total effect.ConclusionsThe risk of MetS in lactating women is due to a high BMI base before pregnancy and postpartum. High BMI in all stages of pregnancy and postpartum were risk factors for MetS in lactation. BMI during lactation plays a key role in the risk of MetS.

Association between dietary insulin index and load with cardiometabolic risk factors and risk of metabolic syndrome among the patients with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundThis study aims to investigate the association between dietary insulin index (DII) and load (DIL) with cardiometabolic risk factors and the risk of developing metabolic syndrome (MetS) among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 500 T2DM patients. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire, and DII and DIL were calculated based on insulin response and energy content. Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the odds ratios (ORs) for MetS.ResultsParticipants in the highest quartile of DIL had significantly higher odds of MetS (OR: 2.16; 95% CI: 1.02–4.25, P = 0.039) and hyperglycemia (OR: 1.69; 95% CI: 1.08–4.96, P = 0.032). We also discovered that patients in the highest quartile of DII had higher odds of MetS (OR: 1.69; 95% CI: 1.08–4.96, P = 0.034) and hyperglycemia (OR: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.04–4.12, P = 0.019). Furthermore, participants in the highest quartile of DIL (OR: 1.64; 95% CI: 1.00-2.59, P = 0.03) and DII (OR: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.05–1.95, P = 0.026) had higher odds of high waist circumference. When it came to hypertriglyceridemia, we found a significant association between DII and DIL only in the crude model, not the fully adjusted model. However, we didn’t observe any significant association between DII and DIL with hypercholesteremia, Low HDL, and high blood pressure (P > 0.05).ConclusionOur study provides evidence suggesting that a higher DII and DIL may be associated with an increased risk of cardiometabolic risk factors and MetS in patients with T2DM.

Implications of Cardiometabolic Changes in Menopausal Medicine

This lecture will describe the impact of menopause on cardiovascular and metabolic health. Menopause represents a significant transition in a woman’s life, marked by hormonal fluctuations that contribute to various physiological changes. This lecture will explore the underlying mechanisms behind these alterations and their potential health consequences. Ultimately, this lecture aims to provide healthcare professionals with the knowledge to implement effective strategies for risk assessment, prevention, and management to promote better cardiovascular and metabolic health in menopausal women. At the conclusion of this lecture the attendee will: 1. Understand menopausal associated hormonal changes and their associated cardiovascular risk factors 2. Understand how menopause can lead increased risks for type-2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. 3. Understand how metabolic changes in menopause leads to increased risk for osteoporosis 4. Develop personalized approaches to mitigate the cardiometabolic risks associated with menopause

Metabolic pathways associated with multi‐morbidity among Black caregivers of persons living with dementia

AbstractBackgroundBlack adults have the highest prevalence of obesity and hypertension, and these multiple chronic conditions increase their risk of morbidity and mortality. Black adults also represent the second largest group of caregivers of persons living with dementia. Gaps exist in our understanding of the physiologic changes associated with multiple chronic conditions in Black caregivers. This study used metabolomics to compare the metabolic profiles of Black caregivers with obesity, with or without hypertension. Our goal was to identify physiologic pathways for targeted interventions to improve morbidity/mortality in this group.MethodHigh‐resolution, untargeted metabolomics assays were run on stored serum samples from Black caregivers (n = 26) with obesity (BMI &gt; = 30kg/m2), among whom 18 also had a diagnosis of hypertension. Linear regression using the xmsPANDA package was employed to identify metabolites differentiating multi‐morbidity. Two‐way hierarchical clustering analysis was used to visualize metabolome‐wide associations with multi‐morbidity. Additionally, metabolic pathways differentially impacted in multi‐morbidity were identified using mummichog.ResultOn average, caregivers were 62.9 (±6.5) years. 88.5% were female and 43% were married. Caregivers had been providing care for about 4.33 (±4) years. A total of 129 metabolites differentiated multi‐morbidity status at a p value &lt; .05. Among these, key metabolic pathways associated with obesity and hypertension were butanoate metabolism and fatty acid activation. Among caregivers with only obesity, metabolites in the butanoate pathway were downregulated, compared to caregivers with both obesity and hypertension. Two exceptions were butyric acid and 2‐hydroxybutyric acid, which were both upregulated in caregivers without multi‐morbidity. In the fatty acid activation pathway, caregivers with only obesity had upregulated metabolites with the exception of icosatrienoic acid and dihomo‐gamma‐linolenic acid, which were down‐regulated.ConclusionIn caregivers with obesity, pathways associated with butanoate metabolism and fatty acid activation significantly differentiated hypertensive status. Healthcare interventions targeting caregiver education on diet/exercise may help optimize fatty acid activation in Black caregivers, thereby helping to reduce their risk of developing multi‐morbidities with hypertension. In addition, expanded health assessment of Black caregivers should be considered, as they may be at high risk for metabolic syndrome due to perturbed fatty acid and butanoate pathway functioning.

Cardiometabolic Complications of PCOS

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has reproductive, metabolic, dermatological, and psychological clinical features. While the reproductive features have been the best recognised; however, in more in recent times, the metabolic characteristics and extended cardiometabolic sequelae of PCOS have gained increasing acknowledgment. Women with PCOS have higher rates of obesity, longitudinal weight gain and central adiposity compared to women without PCOS ( 1 , 2 ). Insulin resistance is a key pathophysiological feature in PCOS, is present independent of obesity and is exacerbated by obesity ( 3 ) and contributes to metabolic complications. Women with PCOS have a 1.9-fold increased risk of metabolic syndrome and clustering of cardiovascular risk factors ( 4 ). The incidence of type 2 diabetes is higher and onset earlier in women with PCOS, independent of body mass index ( 5 ). Dyslipidaemia is increased in women with PCOS, with the relationship largely mediated by obesity ( 6 ). Despite clustering of cardiovascular risk factors, the question of whether women with PCOS face an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease have remained uncertain. Nevertheless, more recent, and substantial evidence indicates that women with PCOS are indeed at an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. This is supported by higher odds ratios and/or incidence rate ratios for composite cardiovascular disease, ischaemic heart disease, stroke, and cardiovascular mortality. It is important to acknowledge, however, that the overall risk of cardiovascular disease among pre-menopausal women remains low ( 7 ).

Assessment of the Risk of Future Metabolic Syndrome among Non-Hypertensive and Non-Diabetic Nigerian Pregnant Women Presenting with either Glycosuria or Proteinuria at Different Trimesters

BackgroundIn pregnancy, women experience physiological changes which could increase the risk of insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome later in life. This study assessed the risk of future metabolic syndrome among pregnant women with either glycosuria or proteinuria at different gestational ages. MethodsEight-Six participants were recruited from health facilities in South-west, Nigeria and they were in three categories: those with glycosuria (n = 32), proteinuria (n = 27), and control (n = 27), based on urinalysis result. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows version 25.0 (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY, USA). Groups were compared using one way ANOVA. Association between the variables was determined using Pearson correlation. Linear regression analysis was performed to predict the risk of future metabolic syndrome.ResultsParticipants with glycosuria, proteinuria and control were 29.19 (SD 6.04), 27.15 (SD 4.37) and 25.74 (SD 4.67) years respectively. Glycosuria group had higher (P = 0.01) triglycerides, HOMA-IR, and a-positive association (P = 0.001) between, FBG and HBA1C. Linear regression analysis predicted future risk of metabolic syndrome (P&lt; 0.05) for those with glycosuria and proteinuria respectively with their plasma insulin values. ConclusionHealthy volunteers with glycosuria and proteinuria are at greater risk of developing metabolic syndrome.Rwanda J Med Health Sci. 2023;6(3): 315-325

복합운동과 저염식 교육이 여성노인의 대사증후군 위험인자, 맥파속도 및 영양소 섭취 상태에 미치는 영향

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of combined exercise program and low-sodium diet education on metabolic syndrome risk factors, pulse wave velocity and nutrient intakes status in the elderly women for 12 weeks. The subjects were conducted twice a week and each time for 60 minutes of exercise time for elderly women consisting. combined exercise program low-sodium diet education group (n=8), combined exercise program group (n=8), low-sodium diet education group (n=8), control group (n=8). Data processing calculated the average value(M) and standard deviation(SD) for each measurement item, and paired t-test was performed in each group, and using one-way ANOVA and the post-verification Duncan were set to .05. As a result, metabolic syndrome risk factors, pulse wave velocity all showed positive effects in the combined exercise program low-sodium diet education group. In the low-sodium diet education group, SBP, DBP(p&lt;.05) were significantly reduced, and HDL-C(p&lt;.05) was significantly increased. Therefore, aerobic exercise and bare-handed muscle resistance exercise, have been shown to affect metabolic syndrome and pulse wave velocity through regular physical activity and changes in eating habits through low-sodium diet education, and are expected to help prevent various diseases including cardiovascular disease.

Age and sex-specific waist circumference percentiles among school children in Chennai

Background: The aim was to develop age- and sex-specific waist circumference percentiles for school children aged 5 to 17 years in Chennai. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study done among school children in Chennai. A total of 1124 children aged 5 to 17 years were included in the study, of which 540 were female and 584 were male. Anthropometric details, weight, height, waist circumference (WC), and body mass index (BMI) were measured. The percentiles for waist circumference according to age and gender was done using SPSS 28.0. Khadilkar et al suggested a cutoff of 70th centile screening for central obesity and risk for metabolic syndrome; similarly, we plotted 70th WC percentiles. Results: Age- and sex-specific WC percentiles (5th, 10th, 15th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 85th, 90th, 95th) were provided. Our study revealed a higher prevalence of overweight or obesity (40.6%) in children (overweight: 21.08%, obesity: 19.50%) when compared to other school studies. BMI in children with WC &gt;70th percentile revealed 87% of them were overweight or obese. A strong and significant statistical correlation was observed between waist circumference and overweight or obesity (p&lt;0.001). Conclusions: Age- and sex-specific reference curve percentiles for waist circumference and cut-off values greater than the 70th percentile for schoolchildren were provided. We strongly recommend utilising waist circumference as an anthropometrical tool to quantify central obesity in schoolchildren.

Comparison of national and international sedentary behaviour and physical activity guidelines for older adults: A systematic review and quality appraisal with AGREE II.

Most older adults 65 years and older accumulate over 8.5 hours/day of sedentary time, which is associated with increased risk of metabolic syndromes and falls. The impact of increased sedentary time in older adults has prompted development of sedentary behaviour guidelines. The purpose of our review was to compare national and international sedentary behaviour and physical activity guidelines for older adults and appraise the quality of guidelines using AGREE II. We conducted our search in Medline, Embase, Global Health, Web of Science, CINAHL, and relevant grey literature. We included the most recent guidelines for older adults written in English. We identified 18 national and international guidelines; ten of the 18 guidelines included sedentary behaviour recommendations while all 18 included physical activity recommendations for older adults. The ten sedentary behaviour guidelines were developed using cohort studies, knowledge users' opinions, systematic reviews, or other guidelines while the physical activity guidelines were developed using randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, meta-analysis, and overview of reviews. The definition of sedentary behaviour and the recommendations were inconsistent between the guidelines and were based on very low to low quality and certainty of evidence. All guidelines provided consistent recommendations for aerobic and resistance training; the recommendations were developed using moderate to high quality and certainty of evidence. Only eight physical activity guidelines provided recommendations for balance training and six on flexibility training; the balance training recommendations were consistent between guidelines and based on moderate quality evidence. Further work is needed to develop evidenced-based sedentary behaviour recommendations and flexibility training recommendations for older adults.

Comprehensive lifestyle modification interventions for metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Previous systematic reviews and meta-analyses have mainly focused on improvements in the number of metabolic syndrome risk factors and individual changes in each risk factor, making it challenging to examine the impact of comprehensive lifestyle modification interventions on adherence to recommended health behaviors. To address this gap, we conducted a systematic and meta-analysis aimed at identifying clinical parameter levels associated with lifestyle modification outcomes and adherence to recommended health behaviors for individuals with metabolic syndrome. A total of seven studies retrieved from four databases (CINAHL, Medline via PubMed, American Psychological Association PsycINFO, and Embase) were included in the review. The selected studies, which demonstrated improvements in health behaviors, all included diet and exercise as main factors of comprehensive lifestyle modification in home settings. Our findings suggest that a 6-month comprehensive intervention including diet and exercise can be effective in decreasing glucose levels and systolic blood pressure. However, given the limited available data, further studies investigating the efficacy of interventions of varying durations are needed. Although our review included a small number of studies, comprehensive lifestyle modifications consisting of at least two components (primarily diet and exercise) can improve health behaviors and some clinical parameters among individuals with metabolic syndrome. Future studies are needed to investigate the long-term effects of lifestyle modifications on health behavior adherence and explore effective interventions to address certain clinical parameters, such as high-density lipoprotein levels. Also, we recommend using objective and quantifiable measure to compare adherence to recommended lifestyle modifications across studies. This research provides empirical evidence of the effectiveness of comprehensive lifestyle modification and emphasizes the need to develop long-term nursing strategies in public health that can be used to effectively manage metabolic syndrome.