Risk Of Mental Health Disorders Research Articles

Psychological Symptom Progression in School-Aged Children After COVID-19 Home Confinement: A Longitudinal Study.

BackgroundThe long-term mental health effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children are rarely reported. We aimed to investigate the progression of depressive and anxiety symptoms among a cohort of children in the initial epicenter of COVID-19 in China.MethodsTwo waves of surveys were conducted in the same two primary schools in Wuhan and Huangshi, Hubei province: Wave 1 from 28 February to 5 March, 2020 (children had been confined to home for 30–40 days) and Wave 2 from 27 November to 9 December, 2020 (schools had reopened for nearly 3 months). Depressive and anxiety symptoms were estimated using the Children's Depression Inventory – Short Form (CDI-S) and the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED), respectively. ΔCDI-S and ΔSCARED scores between Wave 2 and Wave 1 were calculated and further categorized into tertiles. Multivariable linear regression and multinomial logistic regression models were then applied.ResultsA total of 1,224 children completed both surveys. The prevalence of mental health outcomes at Wave 2 increased significantly compared to Wave 1, specifically depressive symptoms (age-standardized prevalence rates: 37.5 vs. 21.8%) and anxiety symptoms (age-standardized prevalence rates: 24.0 vs. 19.6%). Higher ΔSCARED scores were observed in females and children in Wuhan, and children with experience of neglect had higher ΔCDI-S (β = 1.12; 95% CI = 0.67–1.58) and ΔSCARED (β = 6.46; 95% CI = 4.73–8.19) scores compared with those without experience of neglect. When the Δ scores were further categorized into tertiles, similar results were found.ConclusionsThe prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms after schools resumed was increased compared with that during the home quarantine period, even though the COVID-19 pandemic was under control. Females and children in Wuhan, and also children with experience of neglect were at increased risk of mental health disorders.

Effectiveness of a multi-modal hospital-wide doctor mental health and wellness intervention

BackgroundDoctors report high rates of workplace stress and are at increased risk of mental health disorders. However, there are few real-world studies evaluating the effectiveness of interventions aimed at addressing workplace risk factors and improving doctors’ mental health in a hospital setting. This study was conducted over two years (2017–2019) to assess the effects of a multi-modal intervention on working conditions doctors’ mental health and help-seeking for mental health problems in two Australian teaching hospitals.MethodsThe multimodal intervention consisted of organisational changes, such as reducing unrostered overtime, as well as strategies for individual doctors, such as mental health training programs. Hospital-based doctors at all career stages were eligible to participate in two cross-sectional surveys. 279 doctors completed the baseline survey (19.2% response rate) and 344 doctors completed the follow-up survey (31.3% response rate). A range of workplace risk and protective factors, mental health (psychological distress and suicidal ideation) and help-seeking outcomes were assessed.ResultsThere were significant improvements in key workplace protective factors, with small effects found for doctors’ job satisfaction, stress, work-life balance and perceived workplace support and a significant reduction in workplace risk factors including a moderate reduction in reported bullying behaviour between baseline to follow-up (job satisfaction p < 0.05, all other outcomes p < 0.01). However, no significant changes in doctors’ mental health or help-seeking outcomes were found over the intervention period.ConclusionFollowing the implementation of individual and organisational-level strategies in two Australian tertiary hospitals, doctors reported a reduction in some key workplace stressors, but no significant changes to their mental health or help-seeking for mental health problems. Further research is warranted, particularly to determine if these workplace changes will lead to improved mental health outcomes for doctors once maintained for a longer period.

New mental health diagnoses in parents of infants admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit-a retrospective review of the Military Health System database.

Studies suggest that parents of NICU infants are at increased risk of mental health disorders. We sought to characterize this risk using a large database. The Military Health System was used to retrospectively link records between parents and infants admitted to a NICU over 5 years and were matched to similar families without NICU exposure. The total study population included 35,012 infants. Logistic regression was used to estimate the association between NICU exposure and parental mental health diagnoses within 5 years of infant birth. Maternal NICU exposure was associated with incident diagnoses of depression (OR: 1.18-1.27, p < 0.0001), anxiety (OR: 1.06-1.18, p = 0.0151), alcohol/opiate dependence (OR: 1.29-1.52, p = 0.0079), and adjustment disorder (OR: 0.97-1.18, p = 0.0224). Paternal NICU exposure was associated with alcohol/opiate dependence (OR: 0.78-1.42, p = 0.0339). Parents of NICU infants are at risk of developing mental health disorders. Future work should identify characteristics that predict highest risk to develop effective interventions.

Examining the mental health of university students: A quantitative and qualitative approach to identifying prevalence, associations, stressors, and interventions

Objective To identify the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation that would place university students at risk for mental health disorders. To explore the source of stressors and possible interventions that may benefit student mental health in a university setting. Participants University students (n = 483) who had been learning remotely due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A mixed-methods cross-sectional survey was administered in 2020. Results Students were at an increased rate of depression, anxiety and suicidal ideation as compared to the general population. Female gender, lack of social support, living alone, being a first-generation college student and COVID-19 were significantly associated with mental health disorders. Stressors were identified and categorized into themes and interventions were recognized that may improve student well-being. Conclusion Students enrolled in university programs appear to experience significant amounts of anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation. Additional mental health education, resources, and support is needed.

Maternal postnatal depression and anxiety and the risk for mental health disorders in adolescent offspring: Findings from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children cohort.

The impacts of postnatal psychiatric disorders on different types of mental health problems in offspring are unclear. We investigated the prospective associations of maternal postnatal depression, and anxiety, with offspring depression, anxiety, psychotic-like experiences and Borderline Personality Disorder symptoms, in adolescence, and examined whether these were independent of each other. Data were obtained from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) birth cohort. Maternal postnatal depression and anxiety at 8 weeks were measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and Crown-Crisp Index, respectively. Offspring mental health outcomes were measured at 10-13 years old, using a variety of questionnaire-based and interview assessments. Logistic regression analyses were used to assess the associations between maternal postnatal risk factors and offspring mental health, and path analysis was used to investigate the pathways of maternal postnatal factors to adolescent offspring outcomes. Data were available for 14,054 mothers with information reported on postnatal depression and 13,892 on postnatal anxiety. Logistic regression analyses found significant associations between maternal postnatal depression and offspring anxiety at 10 years old (odds ratio = 1.039, 95% confidence interval = [1.005, 1.073], p = 0.022) and between maternal postnatal anxiety and offspring psychotic experiences at 12/13 years old (odds ratio = 1.042, 95% confidence interval = [1.008, 1.077], p = 0.016). These significant associations remained after applying path analyses, when we controlled for potential offspring psychopathological overlay. These findings suggest that mothers with postnatal depression are more likely to have offspring with anxiety at 10 years old, and that mothers with postnatal anxiety are more likely to have offspring with psychotic experiences at 12/13 years old. Our findings suggest specific pathways in the association between postnatal anxiety/depression and offspring mental health and contribute to the importance of identifying mothers and their offspring with increased vulnerability to adverse outcomes resulting from postnatal mental health disorders.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of professionals in 77 hospitals in France.

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to significant re-organisation of healthcare delivery in hospitals, with repercussions on all professionals working in healthcare. We aimed to assess the impact of the pandemic on the mental health of professionals working in health care institutions and to identify individual and environmental factors influencing the risk of mental health disorders. From 4 June to 22 September 2020, a total of 4370 professionals responded to an online questionnaire evaluating psychological distress, severity of post-traumatic stress symptoms, stress factors, and coping strategies. About 57% of the professionals suffered from psychological distress, and 21% showed symptoms of potential post-traumatic stress. Professionals working in radiology, those working in quality/hygiene/security and nurses' aides were the most affected groups. The media focus on the crisis, and a high workload were the most prevalent stress factors, followed by uncertainty regarding the possibility of containing the epidemic, the constantly changing hygiene recommendations/protocols, and the lack of personal protective equipment. The use of coping strategies, notably positive thinking, helped to mitigate the relation between perceived stress and mental health disorders. The COVID-19 pandemic has had far-reaching negative repercussions for all professionals, with some sectors more markedly affected. To prevent mental health disorders in professionals during a public health crisis, support services and management strategies within hospitals should take account of the importance of positive thinking and social support.

Reassessing the most popularly suggested measurement models and measurement invariance of the Maslach Burnout Inventory – human service survey among Vietnamese healthcare professionals

ABSTRACT Background Despite its popularity, Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Service Survey (MBI-HSS)’s factorial structure has been subject to considerable debate, and its measurement invariance (MI) is seldomly examined. This cross-sectional study aims at reassessing the most popularly suggested structures of this instrument, namely the 20- and 22-item three-factor model on Vietnamese healthcare professionals. It also examines the MI of MBI-HSS across genders, occupations, and mental health conditions. Method Self-administered questionnaires were sent out to 1500 doctors and nurses working at 15 hospitals in big cities in Vietnam in September and October 2020, and 1162 valid questionnaires were collected. The questionnaire consists of three sets of questions covering (1) demographic information of participants; (2) MBI-HSS questionnaire; and (3) The 21-item version of the Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale. MBI-HSS scale was validated on Vietnamese sample for the first time; therefore, we used the repeated forward–backward procedure to translate this scale into Vietnamese. To examine which model best fits the data, a series of Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was used to test the model fit of correlated three-factor model, second-order hierarchical model, and bi-factor model. The reliability of the MBI-HSS was assessed using Cronbach’s α coefficients. Then, multiple-group CFA (MGCFA) was applied to determine whether the MBI-HSS has a similar structure between groups different in gender, occupation, and mental health condition. Results Our findings confirmed that the 22-item MBI-HSS best fit the data, and this scale measures three distinct but related aspects of burnout, including Emotional Exhaustion, Depersonalization, and Personal Accomplishment. The MI of MBI-HSS across genders and occupations was also confirmed. However, data did not fit well with group at risk for common mental health disorders. It can be concluded that the Vietnamese version of MBI-HSS is a valid measure to assess burnout level of healthcare professionals in Vietnam who are not at risk for mental health disorders.

Mental health and fear of COVID-19 in Iranian pregnant women: A multi-center study

Background: The new coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has extensive psychological effects on pregnant women. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess mental health, fear of COVID-19, and their association among pregnant women. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 607 pregnant women in Isfahan, Iran, from September 26 to December 20, 2020. The pregnant women were randomly selected from health centers affiliated with Isfahan University of Medical Sciences using a two-stage cluster sampling. A three-part web-based questionnaire (i.e., a demographic questionnaire, the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, and the General Health Questionnaire) was used to collect data. Chi-square test, independent-samples t-test, and logistic regression analysis were used for data analysis. Results: Most participants (73%) had a high level of fear of COVID-19, while 11% had a history of COVID-19 infection. In the final model, poor financial status (odds ratio [OR] = 3.06, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.32–7.10), COVID-19 infection (OR = 2.25, 95% CI: 1.22–4.16), history of mental disorders (OR = 10.11, 95% CI: 2.44–41.75), and number of pregnancies (OR = 2.59, 95% CI: 1.39–4.81) were associated with a significant increase in the chance of mental health disorder. A high COVID-19 fear score resulted in a 29% increase in mental health disorders, although this increase was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The prevalence of fear of COVID-19 was high among pregnant women. Poor financial status, number of pregnancies, history of COVID-19 infection, and a history of mental problems were associated with an increased risk of mental health disorders in pregnant women.

Investigation of Psychiatric Symptoms of Inpatients Treated In An Education Research Hospital

Introduction: This research was carried out as a descriptive study to examine psychiatric symptoms and some affecting factors in hospitalized patients. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted with 260 patients who were hospitalized in the internal medicine, general surgery, and orthopedics services of a training and research hospital between June 2017 and January 2018 and who agreed to participate in the study. “Personal Information Form,” “General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12),” and “Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R)” were used as data collection tools. Results: When the 260 patients included in the study were evaluated according to the GHQ, 48.8% were found to be at risk for mental health disorders. According to the Symptom Screening Test, 16.9% were found to be at risk for somatization, 10% for obsessive–compulsive disorder, 13.8% for interpersonal sensitivity, 20% for depression, 8.1% for anxiety, 10.4% for anger-enmity, 5% for phobic anxiety, 11.1% for paranoid thought, 12.2% for psychoticism, and 19.2% for additional disorders (sleep disorders, eating disorders, and guilt). Discussion and Conclusion: As a result of the study, psychiatric symptom scores of individuals who were hospitalized due to physical illness were found to be high. It is recommended that individuals who are hospitalized due to physical illness should be followed up for psychiatric symptoms throughout their stay and that individuals with chronic illnesses should be evaluated comprehensively in terms of psychiatric disorders.

Meta Analysis: The Effect of Bullying on Adolescents on Mental Health and Depression

Background: Bullying is an act of aggression that is intentional and repeated physically, psychologically, verbally, and cyber which can cause various health problems. Bullying is one of the causes of poor mental health conditions in adolescents whose impact can continue into adulthood. This study was aimed to assess the magnitude of the effect of bullying on mental health and depression based on the scores obtained from several previous similar studies. Subjects and Method : The design of this research study was a systematic review and meta-analysis. The primary articles used were obtained from online databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, ResearchGate, and Springer Link) published in 2012-2022. Population: teenagers. Intervention: bullying. Comparison: not experiencing bullying. Outcomes: mental health and depression. The keywords used in the primary article search were “Bullying” AND “Mental Health Problem” OR “Psychological Disorder” OR “Psychological Distress” AND “Depression” OR “Depressive Disorder” AND “Adolescent” OR “Teenager”. This study uses full-text articles with a cross-sectional design and contains an aOR (adjusted Odds Ratio) value. The selection of articles was carried out using PRISMA flow diagrams. Articles were analyzed using the Review Manager 5.3 application. Results: There are 7 articles from Saudi Arabia, Taiwan, Italy, Morocco, Sweden, Australia, and Ethiopia on bullying and adolescent mental health, as well as 8 articles from Saudi Arabia, US, Italy, China, Brazil, Canada, Australia, and Malaysia on bullying and depression in adolescents. The results of the meta-analysis showed that bullying was statistically significant in increasing the occurrence of mental health disorders (aOR= 2.48; 95%CI= 1.64 to 3.74; p&lt; 0.001) and depression (aOR= 2.74; 95%CI= 2.29 to 3.28; p&lt; 0.0001) in teenagers. Conclusion: The experience of bullying can increase the risk of mental health disorders and depression in adolescents. Keywords: Bullying, mental health, depression, youth. Correspondence: Riya Ulin Nuha. Faculty of Health Science, Universitas ‘Aisyiyah Yogyakarta. Jl. Ring Road Barat 63 Mlangi Nogotirto Gamping, Sleman 55292, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Email: ulin514@gmail.com . Mobile: 081238710748. Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health (2022), 07(01): 104-119 https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2022.07.01.09

Protocol of a randomised clinical trial to integrate mental health services into primary care for postconflict populations in Northern Sri Lanka (COMGAP-S)

IntroductionSri Lanka has a long history of armed conflict and natural disasters increasing the risk of mental health disorders in the population. Due to a lack of specialist services, there...

Depression and anxiety symptoms and perceived stress in health professionals in the context of COVID-19: Do adverse childhood experiences have a modulating effect?

BackgroundAdverse childhood experiences (ACE) have a great impact on mental health outcomes of adults. However, little is known whether ACE may act as modulators of the mental health of health professionals caring for patients with COVID‐19.MethodsData were collected through an online cross‐sectional survey administered to health professionals in Lima (Peru) between May and July 2020. The survey included standardized self‐assessment instruments for anxiety, depression, acute stress (AS) and history of ACE.ResultsA total of 542 health professionals completed the survey. Caring for patients with COVID‐19 was significantly associated with depression and anxiety and when caring for patients with COVID‐19 was combined with a history of early sexual abuse, its effect on the risk of anxiety increased (OR = 7.71, p = .010). Mental health problems were associated with female gender in almost all the analyses and with the majority of ACEs.ConclusionsHealth workers in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic presented a high risk of mental health disorders. Antecedents of sexual abuse acted as a potentiating factor of anxiety in professionals providing COVID‐19 care. These findings suggest that the burden of ACE modulates mental health problems in health professionals during the pandemic.

P.0291 Essential trace elements cooper and zinc and risk of mental health disorders: a two-sample mendelian randomization study

P.0291 Essential trace elements cooper and zinc and risk of mental health disorders: a two-sample mendelian randomization study

Gambaran Tingkat Kecemasan dan Stres Kerja Tenaga Kesehatan Puskesmas Saat Pandemi Covid-19

Introduction: The rapid growth of number of COVID-19 cases every day has made the condition of health workers increasingly depressed. These conditions can affect the level of anxiety and work stress. A study involving health workers caring for Covid-19 patient showed anxiety symptoms and work stress experience. The existence of anxiety and work stress can have an impact on increasing work errors, deteriorating physical and mental conditions, reducing productivity and decreasing service’s quality. This study aims to describe the anxiety level and work stress of health workers during Covid-19 pandemic at the Public Health Center (Puskesmas). Methods: This research was a descriptive survey study with 156 respondents from nine Puskesmas obtained through cluster and quota sampling calculation. Data was taken using Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-42) and workplace Stress Scale (WSS) questionnaires which distributed via google form. Results: The results of this study obtained 16.7% of Puskesmas health workers experience anxiety consisting of 5.8% mild, 7.7% moderate, 2.6% severe and 0.6% very severe anxiety. Meanwhile, the work stress study obtained as many as 68.7% experience work stress, consisting of low 35.3%, moderate 27.6%, and heavy work stress 5.8%. Conclusion: Failure to manage anxiety and work stress can have a negative impact on mental health and can even endanger the lives of health workers. The findings in this study indicate risk for mental health disorders for health workers due to the Covid-19 pandemic. So it is necessary for relevant agencies and also individual itself, to manage anxiety and work stress.

Short Term Caloric Restriction and Biofeedback Enhance Psychological Wellbeing and Reduce Overweight in Healthy Women.

Obesity is highly prevalent, causing substantial cardiovascular and mental health morbidity. Women show increased risk for mental health disorders, that is multiplied in obesity and related to cellular and psychological stress that can be targeted by non-pharmacological interventions. A total of 43 women underwent two weeks of caloric restriction, half of which also received 7 h of individualized clinical psychological intervention including psychoeducation, mindfulness, and heart-rate-variability biofeedback. Effects on body mass index (BMI), fatty liver index (FLI), bioimpedance measures, serum parameters, perceived stress (PSS), burn-out susceptibility (burn out diagnostic inventory) and dimensional psychiatric symptom load (brief symptom inventory, BSI) were analyzed with linear mixed effects models. Caloric restriction led to a reduction in BMI, body fat and FLI, decreased serum concentrations of leptin, PSS score, BSI dimensions and global severity index (all p ≤ 0.0001, withstanding Bonferroni–Holm correction). Benefits of add-on biofeedback were observed for BMI reduction (p = 0.041). Caloric restriction was effective in ameliorating both psychological wellbeing and metabolic functions following a BMI reduction. Biofeedback boosted effects on BMI reduction and the combinative therapy may be protective against common progression to mental health and cardiovascular disorders in overweight women while comparing favorably to pharmacological interventions in terms of side-effects and acceptability.

Cognitive Reserve as a Protective Factor of Mental Health in Middle-Aged Adults Affected by Chronic Pain.

Chronic pain is associated with worse mental health and cognitive impairment, which can be a cause or a consequence of brain structure and function alterations, e.g., maladaptive plasticity, antinociceptive system dysregulation. Cognitive reserve reflects the effectiveness of the internal connections of the brain and it has been shown to be a protective factor in brain damage, slowing cognitive aging or reducing the risk of mental health disorders. The current study explored the impact of chronic pain on psychosocial factors, mental health, and cognition. Furthermore, we aimed to examine the role of cognitive reserve in the relationship between mental health and chronic pain clinical characteristics in middle-aged adults. The study group consisted of 477 volunteers from the Barcelona Brain Health Initiative who completed online surveys on pain, mental health, cognitive reserve, and psychosocial factors (sleep and quality of life). We described the differences in sociodemographic data, psychosocial factors, mental health, and self-perceived cognitive impairment, and neuropsychological assessment, between participants reporting pain compared with those without pain, as well as the main characteristics of the chronic pain group. Finally, to study the role of cognitive reserve in the modulation of the relationship between chronic pain and mental health, we compared variables between subgroups of participants with high/low pain intensity and cognitive reserve. The results showed that chronic pain was reported by 45.5% of middle-aged adults. Our results revealed that participants with chronic pain were older and had worse health status than people without pain. The presence of chronic pain affected working memory, mental health, and daily life activities. Moreover, cognitive reserve moderated the influence of pain intensity on mental health, resulting in less mental health affection in people suffering from high pain intensity with high cognitive reserve. In conclusion, the construct of the cognitive reserve could explain differential susceptibility between chronic pain and its mental health association and be a powerful tool in chronic pain assessment and treatment, principally due to its modifiable nature.

Magnitude of general obesity, abdominal obesity and related risk factors among medical students

Abstract Introduction Obesity is recognized to be one of the greatest public health problems worldwide. In addition to physical health problems, obesity is also linked to an increased risk of mental health disorders. We aimed to estimate the magnitude of overweight/obesity among medical students, to identify their risk factors and to assess their impact on mental health. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional questionnaire survey among 524 medical students randomized from different levels, at the Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, Tunisia, on October 2019. Results The prevalence of combined overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity were 21.9% and 22.3%, respectively. The independent risk factors of overweight/obesity were male gender (OR = 3.2; 95% confidence interval (CI) = [1.96-5.2]), internship (OR = 2; 95% CI = [1.1-3.9]) and residency (OR = 3.2; 95% CI = [1.7-6]) levels, as well as moderate (OR = 3.4; 95% CI = [1.4-8.3]) and high (OR = 6.7; 95% CI = [2.6-16.9]) stress scale. However, daily fresh vegetables (OR = 0.4, CI95% = [0.2-0.8]) and high-fiber cereals whole-grain bread (OR = 0.5; 95%CI = [0.28-0.83]) consumption, light (OR = 0.37; 95% CI = [0.16-0.86]), moderate (OR = 0.24; 95% CI = [0.06-0.89]) and vigorous exercise (OR = 0.091; 95% CI = [0.01-0.74]) were independent protective factors of overweight/obesity. Severe consequences of obesity were noted, such as less ability to concentrate (37.9% vs 47.6%; p = 0.024), living under stress (72.2% vs 60.6%; p = 0.023), feeling unhappy and depressed (57.4% vs 44.7% p = 0.016), losing confidence (45.2% vs 20.5%; p &amp;lt; 0.001) and inability to enjoy normal activities (53.9% vs 38.7% p = 0.03). Conclusions Unhealthy lifestyle was relatively high among students with obesity. Our study confirms the data from the literature, and underlines the need to set up a plans including nutrition and lifestyle education in their curriculum. Key messages Unhealthy lifestyle was relatively high among students. The need to set up a plans including nutrition and lifestyle education.

Adolescents' perceptions of barriers and facilitators to engaging in mental health treatment: A qualitative meta-synthesis.

One in seven children, aged 3-17, have a mental health diagnosis with suicide being the second leading cause of death in the United States in persons aged 10-24. Adolescents are at high risk for mental health disorders, substance use, and risky behaviors, yet most adolescents never receive treatment. Research is needed to answer the question, "What are adolescents' perceived barriers and facilitators to engaging in mental health treatment?" A four-step qualitative meta-synthesis design included: A structured research question and search strategy, data immersion through quality appraisal, thematic synthesis of primary research studies, and reciprocal translation of derived themes. Eight studies met inclusion criteria. Autonomy was the primary theme that emerged. Meta-synthesis produced five subthemes: (a) choice as integral to engagement, (b) stigma as barrier to engagement, (c) quality of the therapeutic relationship as integral to engagement, (d) systemic influences as both barrier and facilitator to engagement, and (e) mental health literacy as crucial factor in decision to engage. Adolescents require autonomy to engage in mental health treatment. Improving treatment engagement in adolescents requires interventions that address their ability to be autonomous.

24.6 EVALUATING THE GENOMIC CONTRIBUTION TO THE FETAL ORIGINS OF MENTAL HEALTH: A TEST USING POLYGENIC RISK SCORES

The fetal origins hypothesis, which emphasizes adaptations to in utero exposures with long-term implications for brain and behavior, has emerged as a leading conceptual model for mental health research. One potentially major factor that has not been given significant attention in existing studies is child genomic risk for mental health disorders, which may confound or modify the association between prenatal exposures and child mental health. We capitalize on recent advances in population genetics, specifically polygenic risk scores, to test if child polygenic risk for major mental health disorders confounds or modifies the relationship between maternal antenatal depression and child psychopathology. The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) provided measures of maternal antenatal mood and child mental health data from 4 to 16 years of age. We used polygenic risk scores to derive measures of child genomic risk for ADHD, schizophrenia, and depression. Child outcomes included internalizing, externalizing, and total emotional/behavioral difficulties from childhood to midadolescence. Our primary analysis focuses on longitudinal symptom data from the ALSPAC cohort (n = 5237) with secondary analyses in an independent cohort of children from the PREDO (Prediction and Prevention of Preeclampsia and Intrauterine Growth Restriction) cohort (n = 514). There was a robust prediction of child and adolescent mental health from maternal antenatal depression, or maternal anxiety, independent of child polygenic risk for ADHD, schizophrenia, or depression; there were similar independent effects of maternal depression on child mental health in an independent cohort. These findings provide the most direct test to date of the genomic contribution to the fetal origins of mental health hypothesis and indicate a modest influence of polygenic risk scores on the emergence of symptoms from early childhood through adolescence. Our findings further underscore the potential value of investing in mental health supports in pregnancy for the benefit of both mother and child.

243 Comparing Moods Amongst Emergency Medicine Residents Based on Shift Times and Rotation

Emergency medicine residents deal with shift work as an added stressor while trying to maintain a healthy work-life balance. Shift work results in many negative health effects including decreased sleep and an increased risk of mental health disorders and illness. EM residents must also rotate through different specialties, some of which are more intensive and time consuming than others and can negatively affect mood. The goal of this study was to evaluate the emotional wellbeing of EM residents during different shift times and rotations. This was an IRB-approved, prospective, observational study wherein EM residents logged information including mood (rated -10 to 10) and current rotation for up to 6 months. 25/34 eligible EM residents completed some of their logs and 14/34 completed their entire log with decreased participation attributed to the COVID-19 pandemic. These logs were blinded to researchers. Emergency department shifts were 8-10 hours long and coded as either day (starting between 6a-10a), evening (starting between 11a-4p), night shift (starting between 9p-12a), post-night (day after night shift), or off. Rotations were grouped into ED, ICU/trauma, and elective/off-service. In order to isolate the effect of rotation on mood while at work, vacation and days off were excluded from analysis when comparing rotations. One way ANOVA test was used to compare moods. Afterwards, post hoc analysis using a Bonferroni Correction was performed to determine between group differences. There were statistically significant differences found between the moods based on shift, F(4, 1888) = 39.1, p = 1.82E-31). Mood was highest during days off (M=5.19), and lowest on night shifts (M=2.36). There were statistically significant differences when comparing night (M=2.36, SD=4.11) vs post-night (M=4.24, SD=3.58), p=0.0007 and day (M=3.60, SD=4.09), p = 0.0015. There were also significant differences between off (M=5.19, SD=3.27), vs day (M=3.60, SD=4.09), p = 2.24E-10, evening (M=2.92, SD=4.46), p=3.01E-26), and night (M=2.36, SD=4.11), p=2.24E-23). There were also statistically significant differences between the moods based on rotation (F(2,1764) = 26.08, p = <.001). Mood was highest on elective/off-service rotations (M=4.63, SD=3.00) and lowest on ICU/Trauma (M=2.36, SD=3.97). There were statistically significant differences comparing mood while in the ED (M=3.00, SD=4.32) vs ICU/trauma (p=.014) and elective/off-service (p=<.001), and between ICU/trauma vs elective/off- service (p=<.001). Night shift and ICU/trauma months resulted in the lowest moods reported by EM residents, while days off and elective/off-service rotations resulted in the highest mood. Shift work remains a significant stressor on EM residents’ work-life balance. Additionally, the more intensive rotations can negatively affect residents’ moods, further worsening work-life balance. Future studies can investigate methods to improve mood on night shifts and rotations associated with decreased moods.