Risk Of Maladaptation Research Articles

Exploring Climate Change Adaptations for Cultural Heritage: The ADAPT Framework

Abstract There is an urgent need for climate change–informed decision-making and adaptation actions for cultural heritage. Challenges arise in incorporating and balancing multiple considerations, including robust understandings of climate change vulnerability, the objectives of current management paradigms, the need for meaningful engagement, the risk of maladaptation, and constrained resources to implement. We offer a conceptual framework and guide to integrate climate science and cultural heritage management to produce a range of adaptation actions for cultural heritage, categorized as Acclimate, Dislocate, Abandon, Protect, and Tell the Story (ADAPT) approaches. The ADAPT framework is intended to aid archaeologists and other cultural heritage managers in developing and evaluating possible adaptation actions that directly respond to findings from climate change vulnerability assessments, critically integrating management postures and constraints, and coproducing climate change adaptations with Indigenous rightsholders and community stakeholders.

Climate change (Mal)adaptation in the Bangladesh’ Sundarbans – a Systematic Review

Bangladesh is among the countries most vulnerable to climate change. This vulnerability stems not only from its exposure to climate change and intensified extreme weather events but also from the way adaptation policies and projects have been designed using a technocratic, top-down approach. As a result, much of the adaptation has led to negative consequences for certain groups—often the most vulnerable—who depend directly on nature for their livelihoods. This outcome, known as maladaptation, has been particularly pronounced. This paper conducts a systematic review of peer-reviewed literature since 2014, the year when maladaptation first gained significant attention in the IPCC’s fifth report. The goal is to assess the current state of research on climate change adaptation in Southwestern coastal Bangladesh, particularly around the Sundarbans, the largest contiguous mangrove forest in the world. The review aims to identify research gaps and discuss key lessons learned. Keywords used in the review include 'maladaptation', 'barriers to adaptation', 'ecosystem-based adaptation', and 'gender', as these concepts are all interrelated to some degree. The review highlights significant research gaps across all topics, as well as a geographical imbalance in the distribution of studies within the region. Given the prevalence of maladaptation in Bangladesh, it is crucial that more research focuses on this issue to gather insights and reduce the risk of maladaptation in future climate change adaptation projects in the country.

Trends in climate adaptation solutions for mountain regions

This study addresses the critical need for documented adaptation progress in mountain regions by reviewing recently implemented or ongoing adaptation solutions collected from the Adaptation at Altitude Solutions Portal (A@A Solution Portal). Using a data driven approach, the research explores the characteristics, feasibility, and transformative potential of these solutions. Findings reveal a predominant focus on addressing droughts and floods, aligning with the IPCC’s emphasis on water-related impacts in mountains. Notably, watershed management practices emerge as popular solutions, showcasing their capacity to address multiple concerns beyond climate impacts. Education and awareness, along with land use practices, dominate the types of solutions, reflecting their positive impact on project acceptability and low associated risk of maladaptation. Agricultural land and forests are the main ecosystems where solutions are reported, with an evident association with education and awareness and land use change solutions. Most SDGs and Sendai targets are found to be addressed by the solutions emphasising the importance of documenting project experiences as way to bridge previously reported gaps between policy frameworks and on-the-ground implementation. Despite community involvement being high in many of the solutions, challenges such as gender inequality persists. While solutions often demonstrate local relevance and depth of change, upscaling remains challenging, with limited evidence of mainstreaming and replication. Sustainability criteria are moderately met, incorporating inclusive decision-making but with uncertainty regarding long-term plans. Furthermore, findings underscore the significance of co-developing and maintaining adaptation solution portals, illustrating how this approach enriches our understanding of adaptation progress in mountains. Moreover, this research contributes to broadening the scope of systematic adaptation assessments by providing a nuanced perspective that integrates local needs and diverse knowledge systems. In essence, this study makes a valuable contribution to the evolving landscape of adaptation research, emphasizing the importance of practical insights and collaborative efforts to address the complex challenges posed by climate-related impacts and corresponding adaptation efforts.

Challenges to anticipatory coastal adaptation for transformative nature-based solutions

Much of England’s coastline is underprepared for adapting to long-term coastal change, with many coastal areas moving from ‘hold the line’ to managed realignment as this century progresses. This paper offers a unique case study of a frontage experiencing this transition. It explores the perspectives of Bacton and Walcott residents and coastal policymakers on managing the risk of coastal change for the Bacton-Walcott frontage on the Norfolk coast (UK), after the projected lifetime of a nature-based solution (NBS), known as sandscaping. Drawing upon survey and interview data, this research finds local residents have an increased sense of security of future coastal change through the perceived importance of the nearby Bacton Gas Terminal (currently supplying up to a third of the UK’s gas supply), and the protection afforded to it by sandscaping. For policymakers, sandscaping has bought time to prepare for managed realignment, whereas for residents, sandscaping has bought time to postpone it. There is a risk of maladaptation if reduced concern of future erosion affects willingness to engage in coastal adaptation in the present. This case study highlights the multiple temporal and spatial interests in coastal management, where decision-making at a local level has national-scale implications for domestic energy supply, and where novel nature-based solutions may bring additional uncertainty and complexity to building social resilience. It provides insights on the challenges of anticipatory adaptation, which is of relevance to other coastal areas looking to mitigate climate impacts and better prepare against future risk.

Assessing the risk of climate maladaptation for Canadian polarbears.

The Arctic is warming four times faster than the rest of the world, threatening the persistence of many Arctic species. It is uncertain if Arctic wildlife will have sufficient time to adapt to such rapidly warming environments. We used genetic forecasting to measure the risk of maladaptation to warming temperatures and sea ice loss in polar bears (Ursus maritimus) sampled across the Canadian Arctic. We found evidence for local adaptation to sea ice conditions and temperature. Forecasting of genome-environment mismatches for predicted climate scenarios suggested that polar bears in the Canadian high Arctic had the greatest risk of becoming maladapted to climate warming. While Canadian high Arctic bears may be the most likely to become maladapted, all polar bears face potentially negative outcomes to climate change. Given the importance of the sea ice habitat to polar bears, we expect that maladaptation to future warming is already widespread across Canada.

Targeting farmers’ heterogeneity to enrich climate change adaptation policy design: findings from northern Italy

With its scientifically proven effects and widespread acceptance, climate change stands as one of the most pressing and intricate challenges for society and economies. Farmers are on the frontline of managing climate change. Therefore, how they perceive and respond to climate change shapes their risk assessment and structures future resilience and adaptive capacity. Employing a bottom-up approach, we conducted 460 surveys randomly among farmers throughout the Lombardy region in northern Italy. A triple-loop approach considering climate change awareness, perceived impacts, and adaptation measures and barriers was implemented to characterize the potential heterogeneity of farmer behaviour and explore whether risk attitudes and adaptation actions differ between farmer profiles. We then profiled farmers through a clustering analysis. Four groups emerged, highlighting farmers’ adaptation preferences and risk attitudes: (1) cropping-adapted and isolated farmers, (2) cooperation-adapted and insecure farmers, (3) risk insurance-adapted and confident farmers, and (4) climate services-adapted and aware farmers. Although the groups vary in terms of farmers’ characterization and farming activities (e.g. young and highly educated vs. old and highly experienced farmers, rainfed vs. irrigated farms), similar patterns were observed regarding climate change awareness and perceived impacts—however, the contrast increased in terms of adaptation measures and barriers. Gaining a more comprehensive understanding of the diverse ways in which farmers assess risks and adapt can promote the transferability of bottom-up findings and inform the co-design of tailored and flexible adaptation instruments, minimizing the risk of maladaptation or ineffective transformation in the face of climate change.

Investigating changes in prevailing mental states among students with different levels of academic performance

Introduction. The difficulties of the adaptation period increase the level of anxiety and psychological stress in students and negatively affect academic performance of first-year students. Despite the fact that recent studies have identified a wide range of conceptually different correlates of academic success, the problem of mental states of first-year students in the context of assessing their learning outcomes remains insufficiently studied in theoretical and empirical terms. Therefore, the problem of identifying a risk group for academic underachievement and maintaining the student population does not lose its relevance. The purpose of the study is to identify students’ mental states determining levels of academic performance. Materials and Methods. In order to identify the characteristics of students’ mental states, mental states were assessed at psychophysiological, psychological and socio-psychological levels. The authors used the following methods: Lemur-Tessier-Fillion ‘Psychological Stress Scale PSM-25’ adapted by N.E. Vodopyanova (2009), PSM-25 scale, method for determining neuropsychic stability, risk of maladaptation in stress ‘Forecast-2’ (V. Yu. Rybnikov), reactive (situational) and personal anxiety scale (Ch. D. Spielberger, 1973), adapted by Yu.L. Khanin, (1978), L.V. Kulikova’s methods for identifying the dominant and current states, methods for evaluating socio-psychological adaptation by K. Rogers, R. Diamond, (1954), adapted by T. V. Snegireva (1987) and by A. K. Osnitsky. The study involved 56 1st year full-time students of the Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics, Physics and Technology at Omsk State Pedagogical University. Results. The authors identified scales of methods for mental states assessment: ‘tone’, ‘activation-deactivation’, ‘situational anxiety’, ‘psychological stress’, which revealed statistically significant changes in students demonstrating different levels of academic performance. The authors revealed differences in prevailing mental states in students with different academic performance. Conclusions. The mental states of students identified in this study can be used in designing a programme of socio-psychological support for first-year students aimed at identifying the risks of maladjustment and a decrease in academic performance. Limitations. Limitations of the study include a small sample of students of one faculty and one-time use. It is necessary to check the possibility of extending the hypothesis to students of other faculties.

Port and inland waterway design and operation in the face of climate change uncertainty

Climate change is a key business risk for ports and inland waterways and, therefore, a key consideration for the design and operation of this infrastructure. While risk and vulnerability are typically assessed using historical information, possible future climates now also need to be considered, using quantitative climate datasets whenever possible. The current challenge is the range of availability – and levels of uncertainty – for specific parameters that are important to ports and inland waterways. When quantitative information is available, a scenario-based approach can be used to identify an appropriate range of projections for assessing risks and designing structures. Notwithstanding the availability of quantitative data, however, adaptive solutions should be favoured. This is especially important where residual uncertainty is high and/or where significant or complex investments are involved. The development of adaptation pathways enables the implementation of phased responses as climate-related hazards, such as pluvial flooding or sea-level rise, evolve. The adaptation pathway approach also reduces the risk of maladaptation associated with the assumption of a deterministic future condition for the design life of the asset or operation.

Профессионально-личностное развитие вузовского педагога: целевые ориентиры, фазы и условия образовательной среды

The article, from the points of view of different groups of subjects of domestic higher education (society, the state, representatives of the vocational and pedagogical community of teachers, students and students), analyzes current ideas about the ideal teacher of an educational organization of higher education, which can serve as a guide for a modern university teacher in choosing the goals and content of his professional and personal growth. The results obtained as a result of theoretical analysis and empirical studies are summarized and systematized according to two groups of characteristics: business qualities and personal qualities of a university teacher. As the invariant professional and personal quality of the teacher, his continuous professional and personal growth (development) is distinguished. Based on the situational-environmental approach, the pedagogical design of personal-developing educational systems characterized two qualitatively different phases of the cycle of professional-personal development of the teacher: 1) the phase of its adaptation and independent activity in the educational environment of the university; 2) the phase of development of professional and personal position and innovative activities in the educational environment. The environmental stimuli and opportunities required by the teacher for development at each phase are considered. The risks of maladaptation of a specialist teacher corresponding to these phases have been identified and described, which should be eliminated by means of managerial pedagogical support and special design of elements of the educational environment.

Determining the risk of maladaptation using an electroencephalogram to prevent mental strain

To identify criteria for electroencephalogram (EEG) synchronization in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) exhibiting high levels of functional stress and signs of maladaptation. Two groups of male subjects aged 23-38 years were examined: a group of subjects receiving therapy for PTSD at a medical center; and a group of healthy subjects who regularly practiced psychophysical relaxation sessions. EEG, an innovative method for analyzing brain synchronizing currents, and the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory were used. Criteria for the formation of patterns of synchronization of neural networks were found in subjects of the therapy group, who have a high level of psychofunctional stress and signs of maladaptation against the background of PTSD in combination with severe anxiety and impaired cognitive abilities. Alpha wave synchronization analysis can be used to more accurately diagnose the level of psychofunctional stress in individuals at risk of developing psychophysical disorders. The results of the work suggest the use of technologies that increase the ability to synchronize brain biocurrents to develop programs for correcting psychophysical status, such as relaxation exercises.

Perception of fatigue in elite athlete in West Java.

An elite athlete is someone who trains and competes in a high-level sport and has greater physical performance and physical endurance. In the training process, elite athletes use high resistance strength training strategies causing fatigue in athletes. On the positive side, fatigue is considered as a stimulus for muscle adaptation and increased muscle performance; on the negative side, it can lead to overreaching to overtraining. Monitoring and training time of athletes is needed to ensure athletes are consistent with training and minimize the risk of maladaptation of training to injury. Monitoring with the self-report method can be done as a marker of the athlete’s fatigue symptoms. This study aims to describe the perceptions of elite athletes towards fatigue. This research design uses descriptive method with cross-sectional design. The subjects involved in this study were the elite athletes of West Java KONI who did the training for PON XX 2021. In this case, the subjects were 215 elite athletes with 36 martial arts, 51 teams, 9 ratings, 34 games, 85 measured. Three RPE Scale with the highest frequency, namely the 13 scale “somewhat hard” (n = 64 29.8%), the 17 “very hard” (n = 47 21.9%), followed by a 12 “between light and somewhat hard” (n = 24 11.2%). There are athletes who choose scale of 6 “no exertion at all” (n = 6 2.8%) and for scale of 20 “maximum exertion” (n = 2 0.9%). Also, there are three RPE Scale with the lowest frequency, namely the 20 “maximum exertion” scale (n = 2 0.9%), followed by scale 19 “extremely hard” (n = 2 0.9%) with the same score and scale 18 (n = 3 1.4%). In this study, the perception of fatigue of elite athletes in West Java using the RPE scale of 20 scales is 13 “somewhat hard” and 17 “very hard”. There is no significant difference between gender, sport, duration, and age in selecting this scale.

Localising vulnerability assessment to urban floods: A comparative analysis of top-down and bottom-up geospatial approaches in Patna City, India

A notable increase in research related to geospatial vulnerability assessment of urban floods is observed, primarily driven by the advances in exponential technologies and increasing frequency and severity of such events. Several studies have been attempted in Indian contexts for local-level risk mitigation and preparedness and informed decision-making with a limited scope due to unavailability of granular data at various levels as required. In response to this gap, current study examines the potential of top-down and bottom-up geospatial vulnerability assessment approaches for urban floods in Patna City of Bihar state, India. A qualitative articulation is used to identify and characterise a set of critical indicators and attributes relevant to the local vulnerability assessment of urban floods specific to the study area. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is applied for dimension reduction and assigning weights to indicators, and Composite Vulnerability Indices (CVIs) at Ward and Household (HH) levels are developed using multicriteria decision analysis. The results show over a fifty percent variation in the vulnerability profiles of households using ward-level (top-down) and HH-level (bottom-up) approaches. Moreover, a narrower range in the z-score of HH-level CVI (−1.26 to 2.60) over ward-level CVI (−3.95 to 2.49) from sensitivity analysis indicates the robustness of the former over the latter. The findings reveal a potential risk of maladaptation when employing a ward-level approach to vulnerability assessment as a policy instrument. The study also analytically validates the significance of localising indicators in regional and global frameworks for achieving efficient decision-making toward sustainability targets.

Use of hydrobalneotherapy in ambulatory rehabilitation of patients with post-COVID syndrome

BACKGROUND: Post-COVID syndrome ostcoid syndrome is a consequence of the multimodal systemic effect of the SARS-CoV-2 virus on the human body, and leads to a variety of clinical symptoms that require correction. In particular, there is an increase in the level of allostatic load and the risk of maladaptation. One of the means of effective non-drug effects on the separated consequences of COVID-19 is the use of hydrobalneotherapy methods as part of a rehabilitation course.
 AIM: To study the influence of various hydrobalneotherapy methods as part of comprehensive outpatient rehabilitation on the clinical-functional and psychoemotional status of patients with post-COVID syndrome.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: 160 patients undergoing outpatient rehabilitation for manifestations of post-COVID syndrome, 74 men and 86 women, with a median age of 50 [43; 55.1] years, were comprehensively examined. Patients were randomized to 4 groups of 40, depending on the non-drug exposure method in the rehabilitation program: 1st group ― with the inclusion in the individual rehabilitation program of a course of chloride-sodium mineral baths in the amount of 10 procedures, 2nd group ― patients who were assigned a 10-day course of hot tubs, 3rd group ― 40 patients, along with exercise therapy, who underwent a 10-day course of general baths "Biolong", and 4th, control group of patients who did not undergo outpatient rehabilitation.
 RESULTS: The most frequent complaints were increased fatigue ― 88.8% of subjects, memory loss ― 46.9%, headache and dizziness ― 38.8%, dyspnea during physical activity ― 35.6%. The most frequent electrocardiogram parameters were sinus tachycardia (4.4%) and sinus bradycardia (8.1%). The mean allostatic load index of all patients was 3 [2; 3], which corresponds to the average allostatic overload. Against the background of rehabilitation measures with the inclusion of preformed physical factors, regression of the main complaints (weakness was detected in 24.2% of cases, memory decline ― in 20%, headache, dizziness ― in 17.5%, dyspnea ― in 15%, sleep disturbance ― in 10%, tachycardia and discomfort in the heart area ― in 7.5%) and improvement of electrocardiogram parameters were noted: sinus tachycardia and ventricular extrasystole were not noted, bradycardia was recorded in 2.5% of cases instead of 8.1%, repolarization process disorders ― in 2.5% instead of 8.1% before rehabilitation. In the group of patients who received whirlpool baths, improvement of external respiratory function parameters was noted: forced vital capacity of lungs increased by 12.1% (p 0.01), forced expiratory volume in the 1st second ― by 9.6% (р 0.05), the distance traveled according to the results of the test with 6-minute walking increased by 2.2% (р 0.05). In the group of those who received general baths with the preparation "Biolong", there was registered an increase in forced expiratory volume in the 1st second by 9.4% (р 0.05), an increase in the distance traveled during the 6-minute walk test by 8, 3% (р 0.05), decrease in norepinephrine level by 17.4% (р 0.05), adrenaline level by 13% (р 0.05) and cortisol level by 26.2% (р 0.01), glutathione peroxidase activity level by 13.6% (р 0.05). In the group of patients who received sodium chloride baths, there was a tendency to improvement of central hemodynamic parameters, reduction of adrenaline and noradrenaline parameters by 14.5% and 19.7% respectively (р 0.05). All rehabilitation groups showed a decrease in the Beck depression scale and Spielberger anxiety scale, K. Maslach questionnaire (emotional exhaustion and reduction of personal achievements), Bass–Perry aggression level questionnaire and Schulte table (mental stability), as well as a decrease in the level of allostatic load. In the control group, no dynamics of complaints and indicators was noted.
 CONCLUSION: In patients with post-COVID syndrome, a variety of complaints and a number of electrocardiogram disorders, clinical and functional parameters were identified. The study revealed positive dynamics against the background of the rehabilitation course with the inclusion of hydrobalneotherapy methods in the form of significant regression of complaints, clinical and functional disorders and changes in psychoemotional background and cognitive status. A decrease in allostatic load was noted after a course of non-drug rehabilitation.

Some trends of social and psychological maladaptation of medical university students in wartime

Annotation. In aim to study the socio-demographic and socio-psychological features of higher medical education graduates in the context of social-psychological maladaptation in wartime, a survey of 167 higher medical education graduates was conducted using questionnaires and a scale of social-psychological adaptation C. Rogers and R.F. Dymond. Statistical analysis of differences in quantitative traits was performed using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney test, categorized using Fisher's exact test (one-sided) at p<0.05. It was found that under the influence of the stress of war, the social and psychological adaptation of the students worsens in the areas of psychological well-being, microsocial interaction, learning and leisure. Socio-psychological maladaptation among students of higher medical education is more common among women and senior students, while the influence of age and material well-being on the risk of maladaptation turned out to be secondary. As socio-psychological maladaptation deepens in wartime, the specific weight of students with disorders of social functioning, in particular, intensified psychological problems, increases – among students without manifestations of socio-psychological maladaptation, 58.3%, with individual manifestations – 92.0%, with pronounced maladaptation – 90.6%; decrease in communication – 22.3%, 74.7% and 68.7%, respectively; worsening of studies – 47.2%, 59.6% and 87.5% respectively, worsening of relations with relatives – 27.8%, 47.5% and 71.8% respectively; deterioration of relations with friends – 38.8%, 61.6% and 75.0% respectively; deterioration of relations with other people – 74.9%, 71.7% and 78.2% respectively; as well as deterioration of leisure time – 55.5%, 47.5% and 81.2% respectively. At the same time, a certain part of the students without signs of socio-psychological maladaptation even in wartime proved to be able to improve their socio-psychological functioning: general psychological state – 8.4%, communication – 19.4%, education – 16.7%, relations with relatives – 50.0%, relations with friends – 44.5%, relations with other people – 8.4%, leisure – 13.9%. The revealed patterns should be taken into account when developing rehabilitation and preventive measures for higher education students with manifestations of social and psychological maladaptation.

Research and innovation in agricultural water management for a water‐secure world

AbstractThere is increased awareness that the current food system is unsustainable and that transformative research, development and innovation in agricultural water management (AWM) are needed to transform water and food systems under climate change. We provide an overview of research efforts, challenges, opportunities and innovations to improve water resource management and sustainability, especially in the agricultural sector. We highlight how sustainable AWM is central to balancing the needs of a growing population and increasing food demand under increasing water insecurity and scarcity, with environmental and socio‐economic outcomes. Innovative technologies are being developed to optimize water use and productivity through sustainable irrigation technologies, irrigation modernization and smart water management. However, these innovations still need to fully address equity, inequality and social justice concerning access to water, infrastructure and the delayed technological advances in the global South. This requires adopting transdisciplinary approaches, as espoused by the water–energy–food (WEF) nexus, to better anticipate and balance trade‐offs, optimize synergies and mitigate risks of maladaptation. Through such transdisciplinary approaches, AWM innovations could better consider local socio‐economic, governance, institutional and technological constraints, thus allowing for more contextualized and relevant innovations that can be scaled.

Heart rate variability is a marker of the risk of maladaptation of students of various educational institutions

A comparative analysis of the level of adaptive capabilities of cadet corps and secondary school students based on the study of heart rate variability. Materials and methods: Cadets (n = 64) and schoolchildren (n = 86) aged 1012 years took part in the study; spectral parameters of the heart rate were evaluated at rest and under conditions of an active orthostatic test. Results: It was found that the severity of the HF component of the heart rate decreases with age in cadets, which indicates a decrease in the effects of the parasympathetic system, (40.2 8.7) % at 10 years and (25.1 3.6) % at 12 years; р = 0.024. At the age of 12, the values of LF (р = 0.034), LF/HF (р = 0.031) and SI (р = 0.041) in cadets are higher than in schoolchildren, and HF (р = 0.022) are lower. During the active orthostatic test, the cadets showed a decrease in K30:15, as well as an increase in LF (р = 0.035), LF/HF (р = 0.041) and TI (р = 0.038), which demonstrates the predominance of the central contour of regulation. Conclusions: 1) spectral analysis of the heart rate indicates a marked increase in the stress of adaptive mechanisms with age in the cadets of the Cossack corps, which reflects increased physical, intellectual and psycho-emotional stress compared with schoolchildren; 2) spectral characteristics of heart rate variability can be used as sensitive markers of stress of physiological systems and a decrease in adaptive reserves.

Climate adaptation and vulnerability of foundation species in a global change hotspot.

Climate change is altering species ranges, and relative abundances within ranges, as populations become differentially adapted and vulnerable to the climates they face. Understanding present species ranges, whether species harbour and exchange adaptive variants, and how variants are distributed across landscapes undergoing rapid change, is therefore crucial to predicting responses to future climates and informing conservation strategies. Such insights are nonetheless lacking for most species of conservation concern. We assess genomic patterns of neutral variation, climate adaptation and climate vulnerability (offsets in predicted distributions of putatively adaptive variants across present and future landscapes) for sister foundation species, the marine tubeworms Galeolaria caespitosa and Galeolaria gemineoa, in a sentinel region for climate change impacts. We find that species are genetically isolated despite uncovering sympatry in their ranges, show parallel and nonparallel signals of thermal adaptation on spatial scales smaller than gene flow across their ranges, and are predicted to face different risks of maladaptation under future temperatures across their ranges. Our findings have implications for understanding local adaptation in the face of gene flow, and generate spatially explicit predictions for climatic disruption of adaptation and species distributions in coastal ecosystems that could guide experimental validation and conservation planning.

Combating climate change – What, where and how to implement adaptive measures in the agriculture sector of Öland, Sweden, keeping in view the constraints of carrying capacities and risk of maladaptation

There exists a two-way detrimental relationship between climate change and several agricultural practices. Emissions from the agriculture sector (e.g. GHG emissions, and release of pesticides, herbicides, and nutrients) is causing global warming as well as damaging the environment, and in return climate change is stressing agriculture globally. The bewildering relationship between adaptative measures and risk of maladaptive outcomes demands a better understanding concerning “What, where and how to implement” adaptive measures. This article is one step towards a deeper understanding of “what”, “where” and “how” related questions on climate change adaptation in connection to constraints of carrying capacities and risks of maladaptation. A GIS based framework was employed for generating risk maps for identification of nutrient surplus and discharge hotspots “i.e. Where to implement?”. Moreover, extensive in-depth interviews and a questionnaire survey were conducted to explore perceptions on carrying capacities, resources management, climate change adaptation measures and risk of maladaptive results, i.e. “What and how to implement?”. Furthermore, the data collected from the questionnaire survey and interviews was employed to ameliorate the analytical model, previously developed, based on the initial work of Juhola et al. (2016) and Neset et al. (2019a), which could help guide planners, advisors, and farmers for better understanding of adaptation and maladaptive risks. The study is expected to assist in developing robust, sustainable and climate smart adaptive interventions in response to negative climate change impacts.

Ecological and genomic vulnerability to climate change across native populations of Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora).

The assessment of population vulnerability under climate change is crucial for planning conservation as well as for ensuring food security. Coffea canephora is, in its native habitat, an understorey tree that is mainly distributed in the lowland rainforests of tropical Africa. Also known as Robusta, its commercial value constitutes a significant revenue for many human populations in tropical countries. Comparing ecological and genomic vulnerabilities within the species' native range can provide valuable insights about habitat loss and the species' adaptive potential, allowing to identify genotypes that may act as a resource for varietal improvement. By applying species distribution models, we assessed ecological vulnerability as the decrease in climatic suitability under future climatic conditions from 492 occurrences. We then quantified genomic vulnerability (or risk of maladaptation) as the allelic composition change required to keep pace with predicted climate change. Genomic vulnerability was estimated from genomic environmental correlations throughout the native range. Suitable habitat was predicted to diminish to half its size by 2050, with populations near coastlines and around the Congo River being the most vulnerable. Whole-genome sequencing revealed 165 candidate SNPs associated with climatic adaptation in C. canephora, which were located in genes involved in plant response to biotic and abiotic stressors. Genomic vulnerability was higher for populations in West Africa and in the region at the border between DRC and Uganda. Despite an overall low correlation between genomic and ecological vulnerability at broad scale, these two components of vulnerability overlap spatially in ways that may become damaging. Genomic vulnerability was estimated to be 23% higher in populations where habitat will be lost in 2050 compared to regions where habitat will remain suitable. These results highlight how ecological and genomic vulnerabilities are relevant when planning on how to cope with climate change regarding an economically important species.

Оценка влияния стресса на профессиональную готовность врача

The aim of the study is to determine approaches to investigate the impact of COVID-19 pandemic stress on the professional preparedness of a physician. Materials and research methods. Working hypothesis of the research is based on K. Maslach’s model of three-dimensional structure of professional burnout. The physicians of Volgograd medical organizations took part in the study — N=112, mean age — (40,2±1,4) years, mean length of service — (6,2±1,7) years. As psychodiagnostic testing methods “Diagnosis of psychological rigidity” and “Determination of neuropsychological resistance and risk of maladaptation to stress” (“Prognoz”) were used. The express interview, in which physicians of Volgograd city and Volgograd region, whose professional activity is connected with rendering of medical aid to patients with COVID-19 took part, was conducted on the basis of Google electronic platform using Google Forms (N=236). An additional questionnaire was developed for the model group of doctors, the purpose of which was to subjectively assess the respondents’ opinion on the necessity of determining the preparedness of physicians for professional activity in extreme conditions. Research results and their analysis. The results of the research showed the relevance of socio-psychological support of physicians working under extreme conditions in order to improve the quality of medical care.