Risk Of Excessive Weight Gain Research Articles

Hubungan Antara Tingkat Stres dengan Status Gizi pada Mahasiswa Akhir Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Lampung

Stress is a psychological condition that can affect nutritional status through changes in eating patterns and body metabolism. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between stress levels and nutritional status among final-year medical students at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Lampung. The study was conducted from November 2024 to January 2025 using a cross-sectional approach. The population consisted of final-year medical students in the 2024 academic year. A total of 141 students were selected using a simple random sampling technique. Data analysis was performed using the gamma correlation test. Stress levels were assessed using the Medical Student Stressor Questionnaire (MSSQ), while nutritional status was measured through anthropometric assessments. The results showed that 34.8% of respondents had an overweight or obese nutritional status, and 44.7% experienced moderate stress levels. Bivariate analysis revealed a significant relationship between stress levels and nutritional status (p = 0.033, p < 0.05) with a weak positive correlation (r = 0.260). This positive correlation indicates that higher stress levels are associated with an increased risk of being overweight or obese. In conclusion, this study demonstrates a significant relationship between stress levels and nutritional status among final-year medical students. These findings highlight the importance of effective stress management to prevent the risk of excessive weight gain and its potential contribution to degenerative diseases.

Parental depression and emotional feeding practices are associated with a tendency towards overeating in preadolescents.

Children's eating behaviors, including a tendency towards overeating, are strongly influenced by the family. Children prone to overeating are at a high risk of excessive weight gain, which can lead to further adverse health outcomes. Therefore, identifying factors that contribute to overeating is crucial for promoting healthy weight development. Given the inconsistencies in previous research, mostly involving young children, we investigated the child and parental characteristics associated with overeating in preadolescence. The cross-sectional study included 5,973 preadolescents aged 9-12 years from the Finnish Health in Teens (Fin-HIT) cohort. A tendency towards overeating was based on a parent-reported question. We utilized extensive parent questionnaire and Medical Birth Register data, and used ordinal and stepwise logistic regression to identify the independent determinants of overeating. The proportion of preadolescents with a parent-reported tendency towards overeating was 10% (n = 606). In the multivariable model, boys had higher odds of overeating (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.06-1.58) compared with girls. Preadolescents with overweight and obesity had 9- and 30-fold odds (95% CI 7.31-11.29 and 20.07-44.54, respectively) of overeating compared with healthy-weight preadolescents. Furthermore, parental depression and emotional feeding increased the odds of overeating in the preadolescent (OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.08-2.02 and OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.03-1.57). Along with child weight status and sex, parental depression and emotional feeding were independently associated with overeating in preadolescence. Therefore, it is important to support parents' mental health and their healthy feeding practices. Our findings can be targeted to manage overeating and prevent overweight in children and adolescents.

Associations between sleep, energy balance, and obesity markers over 6 months in Black emerging adults-pilot study findings from the Sleep, Health Outcomes, and Body Weight (SHOW) study.

Insufficient sleep (short sleep duration and poor sleep quality) is associated with obesity risk. Emerging adults (ages 18-28 years) have a greater risk of excess weight gain and insufficient sleep, and these risks are higher in Black individuals. Using a measurement burst design, we assessed associations between sleep with energy balance components and obesity marker changes over 6 months in 15 Black emerging adults (12 females; age: 21±2.5 years; body mass index: 25.7±4.5kg/m2; body fat: 25.8±11.9%). Since our sample was predominantly female (80%), we repeated our analyses for females only. Participants completed the following measurements at baseline (BLN) and 6 months later (6MO): 7 days of actigraphy-based sleep and physical activity energy expenditure (EE) and 2 nights of in-home polysomnography-based sleep; resting EE and thermic effect of food with indirect calorimetry; ad libitum energy intake (EI) via self-reported methods over 4 days and directly measured over 3 days with provided meals. Body weight (2.6kg, p=0.01) and waist circumference (2.4cm, p=0.03) increased from BLN to 6MO. Changes in actigraphy-based sleep duration were associated with changes in body weight (β = 0.03, standard error (SE)=0.02, p=0.04) and fat mass (β = 0.07, SE=0.03 p=0.03) in females only. Greater rapid eye movement sleep duration was associated with increases in resting EE (β = 2.24, SE=0.84, p=0.02). Greater slow-wave sleep was associated with increases in self-reported EI (β = 18.34, SE=4.7, p<0.01). Sleep may impact components of energy balance and risk of weight gain in Black emerging adults. Additional research is needed to confirm our pilot findings.

Magnitude and Associated Factors of Gestational Excessive Weight Gain Among Pregnancy Women at St Paul’s Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 2024, a Crosse-Sectional Study

&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Background:&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; Women invariably gain weight during pregnancy due to fat deposition, fluid retention, and the weight attributed to the growth of the fetus, uterus, and breasts. Gestational weight gain can influence pregnancy outcomes as well as the long-term health of both the mother and child. It is reported that nearly 50 percent of mothers worldwide experience excessive weight gain during pregnancy. Suboptimal weight gain during pregnancy is also a recognized risk factor for adverse delivery outcomes. &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Objective:&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; To assess the magnitude of excess maternal gestational weight gain and the associated factors influencing pregnancy complications among pregnant women at St. Paul’s Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, in 2024. &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Methods and Materials:&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; An institutional-based descriptive cross-sectional quantitative approach was used to conduct the study. Data were collected using both primary and secondary sources. Well-organized interviewer-administered questionnaires and a checklist were utilized. The sample size was determined using a single population formula Considering the proportion to be 50% to get the maximum possible sample size. A total of 422 mothers participated in the study, and a systematic random sampling technique was employed to select the study population. Data were collected, summarized, tabulated, and analyzed using the Statistical Package Epi-Info version 7 and SPSS version 26 software. Frequencies, proportions, and dispersions were estimated to describe the variables. Multivariate analysis was used to determine the association between explanatory variables and gestational weight gain. &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Results:&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; A total of 422 pregnant mothers participated in the study, resulting in a 100% response rate. The majority, 201 (47.6%), were in the age group of 20 to 25 years, and 179 (42.4%) had delivered two children. Additionally, 112 (26.5%) ate more than four times per day, and 303 (71.8%) consumed carbohydrates daily. Of the participants, 375 (88.9%) gained adequate weight, 35 (8.3%) gained excessive weight, and 12 (2.8%) gained inadequate weight during their current pregnancy. Being employed and consuming fruits and vegetables were associated with a lower likelihood of excessive gestational weight gain, while high carbohydrate consumption was linked to a higher risk of excessive weight gain. &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Conclusion and Recommendation: &amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;A significant proportion of women (35%) gained excessive weight. Unemployment and daily carbohydrate and fruits consumption were significantly associated with excessive weight gain. Women of childbearing age should be informed about the importance of consuming fruits and vegetables and reducing carbohydrate intake during pregnancy to prevent excessive weight gain.

A bottom-up approach dramatically increases the predictability of body mass from personality traits.

Personality traits consistently relate to and allow predicting body mass index (BMI), but these associations may not be adequately captured with existing inventories' domains or facets. Here, we aimed to test the limits of how accurately BMI can be predicted from and described with personality traits. We used three large datasets (combined N ≈ 100,000) with nearly 700 personality assessment items to (a) empirically identify clusters of personality traits linked to BMI and (b) identify relatively small sets of items that predict BMI as accurately as possible. Factor analysis revealed 14 trait clusters showing well-established personality trait-BMI associations (disorganization, anger) and lesser-known or novel ones (altruism, obedience). Most of items' predictive accuracy (up to r = .24 here but plausibly much higher) was captured by relatively few items. Brief scales that predict BMI have potential clinical applications-for instance, screening for risk of excessive weight gain or related complications.

1498. Geographic differences in weight change on dolutegravir: a prospective cohort study

Abstract Background People with HIV (PWH) on integrase inhibitors may be at increased risk of excess weight gain, but it is unclear if this risk is consistent across settings. Our study objective was to compare weight change over 48 weeks among PWH in Uganda and South Africa.Figure 1.Mean weight change (kg) over 48 weeks among DISCO participants overall (A), among men (B), and among women (C). Methods The Population Effectiveness of Dolutegravir Implementation in Sub-Saharan Africa (DISCO) study is a prospective observational cohort of PWH in routine clinical care at public-sector HIV clinics in Uganda and South Africa. Inclusion criteria were as follows: PWH &amp;gt;18 years old, on NNRTI-based first-line ART for &amp;gt;6 months, and switched to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, lamivudine, and dolutegravir) by clinic staff. We measured the primary outcomes of weight (in kilograms [kg]) and waist circumference (WC, in centimeters [cm]) at enrollment, 24 weeks, and 48 weeks after switch. The primary outcomes were (1) weight change (kg) and (2) change in WC (cm). We used a linear mixed-effect regression model, adjusted for age, sex, education, duration on ART, and the interaction of study site and visit, to estimate weight. Results 428 individuals in Uganda and 387 in South Africa had data available. The mean weight change over 48 weeks was 0.6 kg [95% CI: 0.1-1.0] in Uganda compared to 2.9 kg [2.4-3.4] in South Africa (p&amp;lt; 0.001); men had significantly smaller mean weight changes than women did in both countries (Figure 1). After adjustment, PWH in South Africa gained significantly more weight than those in Uganda. In participants with available waist data (277 in Uganda and 402 in South Africa), the mean change in WC was significantly greater among those in South Africa (2.3 cm [1.4-3.2]) than those in Uganda (0.8 cm [0.0-1.5]) (p&amp;lt; 0.017). Conclusion PWH in South Africa experienced greater weight gain than in Uganda, suggesting substantial heterogeneity in this risk across settings. Strategies to address obesity risk in PWH should account for regionality. Disclosures W D Francois Venter, MD, FCP, PhD, Gilead Sciences: Grant/Research Support|South African Medical Research Council: Grant/Research Support|Unitaid: Grant/Research Support|USAID: Grant/Research Support|ViiV Healthcare: Grant/Research Support Mark J Siedner, MD, MPH, Viiv Healthcare: Grant/Research Support

Circulating Levels of Leptin and Lipocalin-2 in Patients With X-Linked Hypophosphatemia.

Individuals with X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) are at greater risk for being overweight or obese. Whether there are underlying metabolic abnormalities that put patients with XLH at greater risk for excessive weight gain is largely unknown. Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) has recently received attention as a factor regulating energy consumption and specifically is postulated to be anorexigenic and to improve insulin sensitivity. In a retrospective study, circulating levels of LCN2, leptin, and insulin were measured in 32 patients with XLH, ages 2-60 years, all of whom were being treated with burosumab, and 38 control subjects. Control subjects were chosen who were close in age to those with XLH, with a similar number of participants of each sex. Subjects were analyzed in 3 age cohorts, 2-10 years, 11-18 years, and 20-60 years. In all age groups LCN2 levels were lower in the patients with XLH than in controls but when adjusted for weight class (normal, overweight, obese) the differences were not significant. In contrast, serum leptin levels were significantly lower in children with XLH compared to controls in the 2-10 years age cohort. Serum levels of insulin were also significantly lower in the 2-10-year-old children with XLH when compared with controls. We conclude that changes in expression of lipocalin-2 in children and adolescents with XLH is unlikely to contribute to their risk for obesity in adulthood. It is unclear if lower circulating levels of leptin in these children plays a role in the higher prevalence of obesity among adults with XLH.

Changes in Food Consumption, BMI, and Body Composition in Youth in the US during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Rates of childhood overweight/obesity have risen for decades; however, data show the prevalence increased at a faster rate during the COVID-19 pandemic. Pandemic-associated increases in youth's body mass index (BMI; kg/m2) have been attributed to decreases in reported physical activity; few studies have examined changes in food intake. We therefore examined changes in total energy, nutrient consumption, BMI, BMIz, and adiposity longitudinally over 3 years, comparing healthy youth aged 8-17 years assessed twice prior to the pandemic, to youth seen once before and once during the pandemic. The total energy intake and percent macronutrient consumption were assessed using a standardized, laboratory-based, buffet-style meal. Height and weight were measured and adiposity was collected via dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Generalized linear model univariate analyses investigated differences between groups. One-hundred-fifteen youth (15.6 + 2.8 years 47.8% female; 54.8% White) from the Washington D.C., Maryland, and Virginia greater metropolitan area participated. In this secondary analysis, neither changes in total energy intake (p = 0.52) nor changes in nutrient consumption were significantly different between the two groups (ps = 0.23-0.83). Likewise, changes in BMI, BMIz, and adiposity (ps = 0.95-0.25) did not differ by group. Further research should investigate food intake and body composition, comparing youth with and without overweight/obesity to better identify those at greatest risk of excess weight gain during the pandemic.

Association of Racial Discrimination With Adiposity in Children and Adolescents

Childhood obesity is a major public health issue and is disproportionately prevalent among children from minority racial and ethnic groups. Personally mediated racism (commonly referred to as racial discrimination) is a known stressor that has been linked to higher body mass index (BMI; calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) in adults, but little is known about the association of racial discrimination and childhood and adolescent adiposity. To assess the prospective association between self-reported experiences of racial discrimination and adiposity (BMI and waist circumference) in a large sample of children and adolescents in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. This cohort study used complete data from the ABCD study (2017 to 2019), involving a total of 6463 participants. The ABCD study recruited a diverse sample of youths from across the US, with rural, urban, and mountain regions. Data were analyzed from January 12 to May 17, 2023. The child-reported Perceived Discrimination Scale was used to quantify racial discrimination, reflecting participants' perceptions of being treated unfairly by others or unaccepted by society based on their race or ethnicity. Weight, height, and waist circumference were measured by trained research assistants. BMI z scores were computed by applying the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's age and sex-specific reference standards for children and adolescents. Waist circumference (inches) was quantified as the mean of 3 consecutive measures. Measurements were taken from time 1 (ie, 2017 to 2019) and time 2 (ie, 2018 to 2020). Of the 6463 respondents with complete data, 3090 (47.8%) were female, and the mean (SD) age was 9.95 (0.62) years. Greater racial discrimination exposure at time 1 was associated with higher BMI z score in both unadjusted (β, 0.05; 95% CI, 0.02-0.08) and adjusted regression models (β, 0.04; 95% CI, 0.01-0.08). Discrimination at time 1 was associated with higher waist circumference in unadjusted (β, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.15-0.54) and adjusted (β, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.04-0.44) models. In this cohort study of children and adolescents, racial discrimination was positively associated with adiposity, quantified by BMI z score and waist circumference. Interventions to reduce exposure to racial discrimination in early life may help reduce the risk of excess weight gain across throughout life.

Daily mindfulness, negative affect, and eating behaviors in adolescents at risk for excess weight gain.

Loss-of-control and overeating are common in adolescents with high body mass index (BMI). Mindfulness may affect negative affect, and both may relate to loss-of-control and overeating. Yet, there is limited understanding of these associations in adolescents' daily lives. Forty-five adolescents (77% female; Mage = 14.4 years, SDage = 1.7 years) with high weight (92% with BMI [kg/m2 ] ≥85th percentile for age/sex) provided daily, repeated measurements of mindfulness, negative affect, loss-of-control, and overeating for ~7 days (M = 5.6 days; range = 1-13). Multilevel mixed modeling was conducted to test within-person (intraindividual) and between-person (interindividual) associations for the same-day (concurrent) and next-day (time-ordered/prospective). There were within-person and between-person associations of higher mindfulness with lower negative affect on the same-day and next-day. Greater between-person mindfulness related to lower odds of adolescents' loss-of-control occurrence (same-day) and conversely, more perceived control over eating (same-day and next-day). Greater within-person mindfulness related to less odds of next-day overeating. Dynamic relations exist among mindfulness, negative affect, and eating in adolescents at-risk for excess weight gain. Mindfulness may be an important element to consider in loss-of-control and overeating. Future work using momentary-data within an experimental design would help disentangle the intraindividual effects of increasing mindfulness/decreasing negative affect on disordered eating. Loss-of-control and overeating are common in teenagers with high weight. Greater mindfulness-present-moment, non-judgmental attention-and less negative emotions may relate to healthier eating, but we do not know how these processes play out in teenagers' daily lives. Addressing this knowledge gap, the current findings showed that greater daily mindfulness, but not negative affect, related to less loss-of-control/overeating, suggesting the importance of mindfulness for eating patterns in teenagers' daily lives.

Negative affect and loss-of-control eating in relation to adiposity among non-Hispanic youth identifying as black or white

Negative affect and loss-of-control (LOC)-eating are consistently linked and prevalent among youth identifying as non-Hispanic Black (NHB) and non-Hispanic White (NHW), particularly those with high weight. Given health disparities in high weight and associated cardiometabolic health concerns among NHB youth, elucidating how the association of negative affect with adiposity may vary by racial/ethnic group, and whether that relationship is impacted by LOC-eating, is warranted. Social inequities and related stressors are associated with negative affect among NHB youth, which may place this group at increased risk for excess weight gain. Across multiple aggregated protocols, 651 youth (13.0 ± 2.7 y; 65.9 % girls, 40.7 % NHB; 1.0 ± 1.1 BMIz; 37.6 % LOC-eating) self-reported trait anxiety and depressive symptoms as facets of negative affect. LOC-eating was assessed by interview and adiposity was measured objectively. Cross-sectional moderated mediation models predicted adiposity from ethno-racial identification (NHB, NHW) through the pathway of anxiety or depressive symptoms and examined whether LOC-eating influenced the strength of the pathway, adjusting for SES, age, height, and sex. The association between ethno-racial identity and adiposity was partially mediated by both anxiety (95 % CI = [0.01, 0.05]) and depressive symptoms (95 % CI = [0.02, 0.08]), but the mediation was not moderated by LOC-eating for either anxiety (95 % CI = [−0.04, 0.003]) or depressive symptoms (95 % CI = [−0.07, 0.03]). Mechanisms underlying the link between negative affect and adiposity among NHB youth, such as stress from discrimination and stress-related inflammation, should be explored. These data highlight the need to study impacts of social inequities on psychosocial and health outcomes.

Position statement of the Polish Academy of Sciences Committee Human Nutrition Science on the principles for the nutrition of children aged 1-3 years.

The Position Statement on the principles of nutrition for children aged 1-3 years emphasizes that proper nutritionof children at this age determines their optimal psychometric development and has beneficial effects on the processnutritional programming, which reduces the risk of diet-related diseases in adulthood. Continued breastfeeding in thepost-infancy period, together with the proper introduction of complementary foods, supplies all the nutritional needs ofthe child. A varied selection of food products is important to balance out the diet of a child in the context of energy andnutrient needs. Attention should be paid to products not recommended for frequent consumption, due to the possibility ofthe early development of improper eating habits that can lead to undesirable health consequences. Due to the potential riskof deficiency, adequate intake of iron, iodine, calcium and vitamin D, as well as of n-3 PUFAs (which is often insufficient)should be provided. Adequate dietary energy and protein intake protects children against protein-energy undernutritionand is crucial for their proper growth and development. An important element in the assessment of the development ofchildren involves monitoring their nutritional status and physical development by systematically measuring their bodyweight and length/height and analyzing their weight gain. It is necessary to diagnose the causes of being underweight/overweight in children. Physical activity (such as outdoor walks, plays, and games) and healthy sleep hygiene arerecommended. Physical activity, an adequate number of hours of sleep, and the quality of sleep in early childhood mayimprove immunity, reduce the risk of excessive weight gain, and consequently reduce the risk of obesity later in life. Other issues discussed include the functioning of the digestive system as one of the determinants of the nutrition ofyoung children, basics of proper nutrition, risk of nutrient deficiencies and development of proper eating habits in earlychildhood.

Anthropometric determinants of blood pressure changes in a community sample of adults in Sokoto, northwest Nigeria

Objective: To determine the predictability of rise in Blood Pressure (BP) parameters, by the various components of excessive weight gain, in a population-based sample of adults in Sokoto, Nigeria.&#x0D; Design: A cross-sectional descriptive study carried out on a community sample of adults attending a free medical screening.&#x0D; Setting: An open-space free medical service carried out in a Sokoto community.&#x0D; Subjects: All consenting, non-pregnant adults that participated in the event were included.&#x0D; Main Outcome Measures: Stepwise multivariate regression analysis was applied to determine the variability strengths of body weight, height, Body Mass Index (BMI), Lean Body Mass (LBM) and Body Fat (BF), on Systolic BP (SP), Diastolic BP (DP), Pulse Pressure (PP), Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) and Pulse Rate (PR). Slope of the relationship between dependent and independent variables were also determined.&#x0D; Results: BF was a more consistent influencer of BP rise beyond other anthropometric parameters. BF versus SP and MAP are respectively; β-coefficient =0.357, CI =0.264 1.162, p=.002 and β-coefficient = 0.455, CI =0.324 0.890, p=.000. The influence of BMI on DP was β-coefficient =0.457, CI =0.564 1.555, p=.000 and influence of body weight on PR was β-coefficient =0.270, CI = 0.037 0.471, p=.023.&#x0D; Conclusion: To assess the risk of excess weight gain on BP elevation, the BF component of body weight or BMI be given more attention and should be part of the targets of lifestyle modifications aimed at controlling hypertension and forestalling its complications.

High screen time and associated factors among high-school students in an urban setting of Kerala: a cross sectional study

Background: Screen time (ST) is the time spent in sedentary behaviors involving screen based media (SBM) like watching television, playing games, using computers and mobile phones. This situation is a matter of concern because excessive screen time is associated with the risk of excess weight gain, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, low cardiorespiratory fitness. In a study conducted in urban resettlement in New Delhi, 68% of adolescents engage in using SBM for more than 2 hours. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of excess screen time and factors associated with it among school going adolescents in Kerala.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 130 students of age group 12-15 years studying in schools located in urban area of Thiruvananthapuram district from August 2019 to October 2019. Stratified sampling technique was used. A semi-structured self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Data was entered in MS Excel and was analyzed using appropriate statistical software.Results: The proportion of students who had high screen time was 87.7%. Mobile phones were the most frequently used gadget. Male gender OR-8.3 (95% CI- 1.7-40.3), less duration of sleep OR-0.34 (95% CI- 0.15-3.12), and low socio-economic status OR-0.21 (95% CI- 0.21-0.96) were found to be associated with high screen time among high school students in Kerala.Conclusions: The study observed that 87.7% of high school students engage in using Screen based media for more than 2 hours. In this study male gender and short sleep duration were found to be associated with excess screen time.

Autism Spectrum Disorder and Obesity in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Introduction: Children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) appear to be at greater risk of excess weight gain. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine whether children with ASD have a greater prevalence of obesity and whether the prevalence of ASD is higher in children with obesity. Methods: We conducted a systematic search on PubMed, Scopus, and PsychINFO until May 21, 2021. We used the meta package in the R in order to calculate the pooled prevalence and relative risk of obesity in children with ASD. Results: We found 20 eligible studies investigating the prevalence of obesity in children with ASD, with the prevalence ranging from 7.9 to 31.8% and from 1.4 to 23.6% among controls. All but three studies originated from the USA. The proportion of children with obesity in ASD populations was 17% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 13–22). The relative risk of obesity in children with ASD compared with control children was 1.58 (95% CI: 1.34–1.86). There were no controlled studies reporting on the prevalence of ASD in children with obesity. Conclusion: Children and adolescents with ASD have a higher prevalence of obesity than healthy controls. There is a need for further prevalence studies of obesity in children with ASD, especially outside the USA, since the few European studies carried out have failed to show a significant difference between obesity prevalence in children with and without ASD. There is no knowledge at all regarding the prevalence of ASD among children with obesity.

Mindfulness-based intervention in adolescents at risk for excess weight gain: 1.5-year follow-up of pilot randomized controlled trial

BackgroundMindfulness-based intervention (MBI) may offer a novel means of preventing excess weight gain in adolescents, theoretically by decreasing stress-eating through altering executive functioning (EF) and food-reward sensitivity. MethodsN = 54 12–17y girls and boys at-risk for excess weight gain (i.e., BMI ≥70th percentile or two biological parents with reported obesity [BMI ≥30 kg/m2]) participated in a 1.5-year follow-up of a pilot randomized controlled trial comparing 6-week/6-session MBI (n = 29) and a health education (HE) control (n = 25). Laboratory stress-eating, food-reward sensitivity, EF, perceived stress, and BMI/adiposity were re-assessed at 1.5-years with validated measures. Changes from baseline to 1.5-year follow-up were explored with ANCOVA, accounting for the respective baseline outcome, age, and sex. ResultsCompared to MBI (M = −21, SE = 59), HE had greater increases in stress-eating from baseline to 1.5-years (M = 194, SE = 63, Cohen's d = 0.59, p = .01). There were no other between-condition differences. DiscussionMBI may prevent worsening stress-eating for adolescents at-risk for excess weight gain. The potential for MBI as an intervention for stress-eating and ultimately, weight stabilization warrants testing in an adequately-powered trial.

Growth After Adenotonsillectomy for Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Revisited.

To reanalyze the growth trajectory and assess longitudinal changes of children undergoing adenotonsillectomy (AT) versus watchful waiting (WW) enrolled in the Childhood Adenotonsillectomy Trial (CHAT) study and to determine if an AT increases the risk of obesity in children. Reanalysis of prospective cohort investigation. The study analyzed publicly available data from CHAT, including 3 months visit data not previously included in a prior publication. Statistical comparisons and mixed-effects modeling were done using age- and sex-specific BMI expressed as a percentage of the 95th percentile (%BMIp95). P < .05 was considered significant. Children in the AT group, especially if underweight at baseline, had an increased rate of weight gain, with 100% of underweight children in the AT group becoming normal weight compared to 20% for WW. However, the rate of weight gain, as measured by the %BMIp95 trajectory for both AT and WW groups, was not significantly different when baseline weight status and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) resolution were accounted for. Comparisons of %BMIp95 between treatment groups at baseline, 3- and 7-month follow-up visits also failed to identify statistically significant differences (P > .05). Overall for the entire cohort, resolution of OSA was associated with a decreased weight trajectory (P < .001). AT compared to WW is not associated with an increased risk of excessive weight gain. Otolaryngologists should be aware of this updated analysis when discussing AT surgical outcomes with families. 2 Laryngoscope, 132:1289-1294, 2022.

Increased risk for excessive weight gain in infants who sleep less than 12 hours per 24 hours.

Increased risk for excessive weight gain in infants who sleep less than 12 hours per 24 hours.

Trends\ufeff in the prevalence of adult overweight and obesity in Australia, and its association with geographic remoteness

The prevalence of overweight and obesity has been increasing globally and has become a significant public health concern in Australia in the two past decades. This study explores the most recent national prevalence and trends of adult overweight and obesity in Australia. It will also investigate geographic remoteness as a potential risk factor for an individual being overweight or obese in adulthood. A retrospective longitudinal study that utilised 14 successive waves (wave 6 through 19) of a nationally representative linked individual-level survey. Data was obtained from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia survey. The data on 199,675 observations from 26,713 individuals aged ≥ 15 years over the period 2006 to 2019 was analysed. Random-effects logit model was employed to estimate the association between geographic remoteness and the risk of excessive weight gain. The results reveal that the prevalence of overweight, obesity and combined overweight and obesity among Australian adults in 2019 were 34%, 26% and 60%, respectively. The analysis shows that the prevalence of overweight and obesity varies by geographic remoteness. Adults from regional city urban (OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.16–2.03) and rural areas (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.18–1.47) were more likely to be obese compared with their counterparts from major city urban areas. The results also show that adults living in major city urban areas, regional city urban areas, and regional city rural areas in Australia were 1.53 (OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.16–2.03), 1.32 (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.18–1.47), and 1.18 (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.08–1.29) times more likely to be overweight compared with their counterparts from major city urban areas in Australia. Substantial geographic variation in the prevalence of overweight and obesity exists among Australian adults and appears to be increasing. Public health measures should focus on contextual obesogenic factors and behavioural characteristics to curb the rising prevalence of adult obesity.

Insufficient sleep during infancy is correlated with excessive weight gain in childhood: a longitudinal twin cohort study.

To examine total sleep duration in infancy and the associations of insufficient sleep duration with later weight gain and the risk of overweight in a longitudinal twin cohort study. The data for this study are from the Longitudinal Twin Study (LoTiS), a twin-pregnancy birth cohort study that was carried out in China (n = 186 pairs). The sleep data were collected at 6 months using the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire that was completed by parents with the assistance of a research assistant. Anthropometric data were obtained from the children's health clinic records at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. There were no significant differences between infants with insufficient sleep and those with sufficient sleep in terms of height, weight, body mass index, incidence of overweight, and body fat mass, while infants with insufficient sleep duration were predisposed to gain excessive weight from 6 to 12 and 6 to 18 months of age (all P < .05). After adjusting for confounding variables, insufficient sleep duration was found to be correlated with excessive weight gain from 6 to 18 months of age (odds ratio: 3.47; 95% confidence interval, 1.23-9.78). The relationship was more pronounced in monozygotic twins than in dizygotic twins. Insufficient total sleep duration at the age of 6 months is correlated with the risk of excessive weight gain at 18 months of age in twins, particularly in monozygotic twins. Registry: Chinese Clinical Trial Register; Name: Unraveling the complex interplay between genes and environment in specifying early life determinants of illness in infancy: a longitudinal prenatal study of Chinese Twins. URL: http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=13839; Identifier: ChiCTR-OOC-16008203. Yu J, Jin H, Wen L, et al. Insufficient sleep during infancy is correlated with excessive weight gain in childhood: a longitudinal twin cohort study. J Clin Sleep Med. 2021;17(11):2147-2154.