Risk Of Depression In Patients Research Articles

Risk of Suicide and Suicidality in Patients with Moderate to Severe Psoriasis: results from the British Association of Dermatologists Biologic and Immunomodulators Register (BADBIR).

Psoriasis is associated with poor mental health and reduced quality of life. Although the high risk for depression in patients with psoriasis is well-established, their suicidality risk is uncertain. Previous studies provide contrasting results and have not included patients with clinically-confirmed severe disease. Our aim was to determine risk of suicide among patients with moderate to severe psoriasis compared with the general population, and investigate if psychiatric comorbidity or history of suicidality increases future suicidality risk in psoriasis. We further estimated the incidence of suicidal and self-injurious behaviours in patients. Analysis was performed using the British Association of Dermatologists Biologics and Immunomodulators Register (BADBIR). As controls, general population mortality and suicide data were used. There were 9 suicides in BADBIR. The incidence rate of suicide was 12.5 per 100,000 person-years (95% CI 6.53, 24.11) in BADBIR versus 11.0 per 100,000 person-years (95% CI 10.7, 11.3) in the general population in England and Wales. Among patients, psychiatric comorbidity or past suicidality was associated with higher risk for suicidal ideation, suicide attempts and self-injurious behaviours. Suicide rates among patients with moderate to severe psoriasis were not significantly higher compared with the general population. Suicide is a rare event and our results are limited by the uncertainty in the estimate reliability. However, considering the high depression prevalence in psoriasis, our findings support the need for prompt assessment of patients for psychiatric comorbidities and suicidality history. Further research is required on suicidal behaviours and the role of psoriasis severity.

Risk of depression in patients with atopic dermatitis: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of children, adolescent and adult groups.

Atopic dermatitis is a popular allergy disease among children, adolescents and adults. The risk of depression in patients with atopic dermatitis can be evaluated using an updated systemic review and meta-analysis of observational and cross-sectional studies. The log odds ratio (OR) was transformed using the OR and 95% confidence interval (CI) to assess the risk of depression in patients with atopic dermatitis across the children, adolescent and adult groups. After a restricted selection, 39 studies of 234 306 patients with atopic dermatitis and 10 935 459 reference individuals were enrolled. The focused outcome was the OR and 95% CI of depression risk in each included study, assigned according to the age for the children, adolescent and adult groups. In adult patients with atopic dermatitis, a significantly higher risk of depression was observed. In addition, the similar significantly higher risk of depression was observed in children and adolescent patients with atopic dermatitis, respectively. However, the significantly high heterogeneity was observed across children, adolescent and adult groups. In the current meta-analysis, the patients with atopic dermatitis had a higher risk of depression across the children, adolescent and adult groups, respectively. However, substantial heterogeneity should be considered during the interpretation of our meta-analysis results.

Building a predictive model for depression risk in fracture patients: insights from cross-sectional NHANES 2005–2020 data and an external hospital-based dataset

BackgroundDepression represents a frequent mental health challenge in individuals with fractures, negatively impacting their recuperation and overall well-being. The purpose of this research was to formulate and corroborate a prognostic framework for pinpointing depression risk among fracture sufferers by utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2005 to 2020 and a separate hospital-based group.MethodsWe analyzed records from 1,748 individuals with fractures documented in the NHANES database spanning 2005 to 2020, of which 362 were diagnosed with depression, as indicated by a Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) score of 10 or higher. An additional validation group comprised 360 fracture patients sourced from a medical center. Considered variables for prediction encompassed demographic details, lifestyle habits, past medical conditions, and laboratory results. The method of least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression facilitated the narrowing down of variables, while multivariate logistic regression was employed to pinpoint significant predictors. To assist in prediction, a nomogram was designed and subsequently validated.ResultsFive independent predictors were identified: drinking, insomnia, poverty-to-income ratio, education level, and white blood cell count. The nomogram showed good discrimination in the NHANES cohorts (training area under the curve (AUC) 0.734, validation AUC 0.740) and hospital-based external validation (AUC 0.711). Calibration curves and decision analysis supported its predictive accuracy and clinical value.ConclusionThe constructed nomogram offers a precise and clinically relevant instrument for forecasting depression risk in patients with fractures, facilitating the early detection of individuals at high risk and enabling prompt intervention.

Development, validation, and visualization of a novel nomogram to predict depression risk in patients with stroke

BackgroundThis study aimed to develop and validate a predictive nomogram model applicable to depression risk in stroke patients. MethodsParticipants from the NHANES database (n = 1097) were enrolled from 2005 to 2018; 767 subjects were randomly assigned to the training cohort, and the remaining subjects composed the testing cohort. A nomogram containing the optimal predictors identified by the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and logistic regression methods was constructed to estimate the probability of depression in stroke patients. To evaluate the performance of the nomogram, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), calibration plot, decision curve analysis (DCA) and internal validation were utilized. ResultsAge, family income, trouble sleeping, coronary heart disease, and total cholesterol were included in the nomogram after filtering predictive variables. The AUCs of the nomogram for the training and testing cohorts were 0.782 (95 % CI = 0.742–0.821) and 0.755 (95 % CI = 0.675–0.834), respectively. The calibration plot revealed that the predicted probability was extremely close to the actual probability of depression occurrence in both the training and testing cohorts. DCA revealed that the nomogram model in the training and testing cohorts had a net benefit when the risk thresholds were 0–0.59 and 0–0.375, respectively. LimitationsThis study was limited by the absence of clinical external validation, which hindered the estimation of the nomogram's external applicability. In addition, this study has a cross-sectional design. ConclusionsA novel nomogram was successfully constructed and proven to be beneficial for identifying individuals at high risk for depression among stroke patients.

Dose-Response Relationship Between Perceived Control and Depression in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: A Multicenter and Cross-sectional Study.

Little is known regarding the relationship between perceived control and depression in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF), particularly in terms of their dose-response relationship. The aim of this study was to explore this relationship based on linear and nonlinear hypotheses and potential subgroup differences in patients with CHF. A total of 308 patients with CHF were included in the study. Data on perceived control, depression, and relevant covariates, such as gender, age, New York Heart Association classification, and comorbidity burden, were collected. Logistic regression, Spearman correlation, and restricted cubic spline analysis were used for data analysis. Compared with the patients in the first quartiles of perceived control scores (0-16), those in the other 3 quartiles had a lower risk of depression (odds ratios of 0.29, 0.21, and 0.20, respectively; P < .05). Furthermore, a negative correlation between perceived control and depression (r = -0.317, P < .01) was observed. The restricted cubic spline analysis revealed an "L-shaped" curve relationship between perceived control and the presence of depression (P for nonlinear < .01). Compared with patients with a perceived control within the 5th percentile (10 scores), as the perceived control increased, the risk of depression rapidly decreased from "1" until it reached a threshold (20 scores) and stabilized. This trend remained consistent across the subgroups grouped by gender, age, New York Heart Association classification, and comorbidity burden. Interventions targeting perceived control may hold valuable implications for reducing the risk of depression in patients with CHF, particularly those who have not yet reached the threshold.

Leukotriene-modifying agents may increase the risk of depression: A cross-sectional study

IntroductionPost-market monitoring has shown a potential link between the use of leukotriene-modifying agents (LTRAs) and an increased risk of neuropsychiatric events, such as depression. However, observational studies have produced inconsistent findings, offering no definitive conclusions. ObjectiveTo assess the potential correlation between LTRAs exposure and depression in US adults. MethodThis cross-sectional study, based on population data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2016 cycle. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 was used to assess depression. Multivariable regression was used to evaluate the association between LTRAs exposure and depression. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were conducted, with the calculation of the E-value. Network pharmacology was employed to investigate the influence of LTRAs on mechanisms of depression. ResultsAmong the 9414 participants, 595 (6.3 %) were classified as having depression. LTRAs exposure was associated with a higher prevalence of depression (16.9 % vs. 6.0 %). The multivariable logistic regression results showed that LTRAs use increased the risk of depression (OR = 1.70; 95 % CI, 1.05–2.75). An association between LTRAs exposure and depression was found in sensitivity analyses conducted regardless of multivariable linear regression with the PHQ-9 score as a continuous variable (β = 0.97; 95 % CI, 0.44–1.50) or multivariable logistic regression with the PHQ-9 cut-off of 5 (OR = 1.52; 95 % CI, 1.08–2.14). The association between LTRAs and depression was stable in the different subgroups. ConclusionLTRAs exposure is positively associated with depression in US adults. Therefore, the risk for depression in patients receiving long-term LTRAs treatment should be considered.

Risk of depression in patients with pneumoconiosis: A population-based retrospective cohort study

BackgroundPneumoconiosis is an important occupational disease; the association between pneumoconiosis and depression was largely unknown. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between pneumoconiosis and the risk of subsequent depression. MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted using Taiwan's National Health Insurance database. The study included 16,795 patients diagnosed with pneumoconiosis between 2008 and 2018 and a comparison cohort of 67,180 individuals without pneumoconiosis, propensity score matched in a 1:4 ratio based on age, sex, monthly income, residential urbanization level, and date of pneumoconiosis diagnosis. The development of depression was monitored until the end of 2019. ResultsThe incidence of depression was 1.68 times higher in the pneumoconiosis cohort than that in the comparison cohort, with an incidence rate of 10.07 versus 5.99 per 1000 person-years (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 1.84, 95 % confidence interval [CI] = 1.70–1.99). The risk of depression increased with an increased mean annual number of emergency department visits for pneumoconiosis, with aHRs of 1.34 (95 % CI = 1.13–1.59) and 2.31 (95 % CI = 1.94–2.76) for 1 ≤ n < 2, and n ≥ 2 compared to n < 1, respectively. LimitationThe database lacked detailed socioeconomic history, family history, and clinical variables. ConclusionThis study found that patients with pneumoconiosis have a significantly higher risk of depression than those without pneumoconiosis. Furthermore, the risk of depression increases with the frequency of emergency department visits for pneumoconiosis. Healthcare professionals should pay close attention to the mental health of patients with pneumoconiosis.

Is there a link between the inflammatory potential of a diet and mental health among patients with migraine? Findings from a cross-sectional survey

ABSTRACT Aims In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between the dietary inflammatory index (DII) and mental health outcomes among patients with migraine headaches. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 262 subjects were included. The dietary intakes were collected using a validated 168-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Items were scored according to their inflammatory potential, so a higher DII indicated a more pro-inflammatory diet. The association between DII and the mental health of participants was investigated using multinomial logistic regression and odds ratio (OR) with a corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) was reported. Results Overall, 224 women and 38 men, with a mean (standard error) DII of −2.96 (0.06), age of 36.1 (0.53) years, and BMI of 25.55 (0.21) kg/m2, comprised our study population. DII was positively associated with a higher risk of depression in patients with the highest adherence to a pro-inflammatory diet compared to those with the lowest adherence (OR = 1.76; 95%CI: 1.04, 3.00; Ptrend = 0.035). Adjustments for age, sex, marital status, smoking status, migraine headache index score, number of family members, mean arterial pressure, medication, physical activity, and BMI intensified the association in a way that the risk of depression was 2.03 times higher in patients with the highest adherence to a pro-inflammatory diet compared to those with the lowest adherence to a pro-inflammatory diet (OR = 2.03; 95%CI: 1.18, 3.49; Ptrend = 0.011). Conclusion Our findings suggest that depression was positively associated with adherence to a pro-inflammatory diet. However, no significant association was observed between anxiety and stress with DII.

Predicting Depression Risk in Patients With Cancer Using Multimodal Data: Algorithm Development Study.

Patients with cancer starting systemic treatment programs, such as chemotherapy, often develop depression. A prediction model may assist physicians and health care workers in the early identification of these vulnerable patients. This study aimed to develop a prediction model for depression risk within the first month of cancer treatment. We included 16,159 patients diagnosed with cancer starting chemo- or radiotherapy treatment between 2008 and 2021. Machine learning models (eg, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator [LASSO] logistic regression) and natural language processing models (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers [BERT]) were used to develop multimodal prediction models using both electronic health record data and unstructured text (patient emails and clinician notes). Model performance was assessed in an independent test set (n=5387, 33%) using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), calibration curves, and decision curve analysis to assess initial clinical impact use. Among 16,159 patients, 437 (2.7%) received a depression diagnosis within the first month of treatment. The LASSO logistic regression models based on the structured data (AUROC 0.74, 95% CI 0.71-0.78) and structured data with email classification scores (AUROC 0.74, 95% CI 0.71-0.78) had the best discriminative performance. The BERT models based on clinician notes and structured data with email classification scores had AUROCs around 0.71. The logistic regression model based on email classification scores alone performed poorly (AUROC 0.54, 95% CI 0.52-0.56), and the model based solely on clinician notes had the worst performance (AUROC 0.50, 95% CI 0.49-0.52). Calibration was good for the logistic regression models, whereas the BERT models produced overly extreme risk estimates even after recalibration. There was a small range of decision thresholds for which the best-performing model showed promising clinical effectiveness use. The risks were underestimated for female and Black patients. The results demonstrated the potential and limitations of machine learning and multimodal models for predicting depression risk in patients with cancer. Future research is needed to further validate these models, refine the outcome label and predictors related to mental health, and address biases across subgroups.

Does Managing Patients With Chronic Rhinosinusitis Improve Their Depression Score? Prospective Study.

To assess the risk of depression in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) in a tertiary care center and the effect of treatment on depression scores. This prospective cohort study was conducted at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between November 2021 and June 2022 and included adult patients (≥14 years) with CRS. The validated Arabic or English Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were used before treatment and 3 to 6 months after surgery and maximal medical treatment. PHQ-9 scores were compared at baseline and follow-up visits. The relationship between changes in SNOT-22 and PHQ-9 scores were assessed using Spearman's correlation and simple linear regression. Overall, 38 participants with a mean ± SD age of 32.7 ± 12 years were enrolled. CRS with nasal polyps (55.26%) was the most frequently seen condition, followed by allergic fungal CRS (31.58%) and CRS without nasal polyps (13.16%). Six patients (15.7%) had PHQ-9 scores ≥10, indicating they had major depressive disorder. PHQ-9 and SNOT-22 scores improved significantly after treatment (3.7 ± 5.8 vs 6.5 ± 6.9 pretreatment, P = .001; 20.7 ± 20.5 vs 45.6 ± 28.9 pretreatment, P < .0001, respectively). Mean ± SD change in PHQ-9 and SNOT-22 scores was -2.7 ± 7 and -24.9 ± 29.8, respectively. SNOT-22 and PHQ-9 scores were positively correlated (r = .522, P < .001). PHQ-9 score change was significantly associated with SNOT-22 score change (β = .178, 95% confidence interval 0.12-0.23, P < .0001). CRS affects the quality of life and psychological well-being of patients. Patient-centered care with maximal medical and surgical treatment help overcome its deleterious consequences.

Factors related to depression in non-small-cell lung cancer patients treated at K Hospital during 2021 - 2022

Non-small cell lung cancer is currently the second most common cancer when assessing common cancer and the number of cancer deaths; there are a limited number of studies about depression in lung cancer patients in Vietnam. This cross -sectional descriptive study aimed to describe depression in non-small cell lung cancer patients treated at K Hospital from 2021 – 2022 and associated factors. The study was conducted on 243 NSCLC patients treated at K Tan Trieu Hospital by direct phone call interview and psychiatric clinical examination. We applied the PHQ-9 scale and DSM-5 for screening and confirmed depression, and the SF-12 scale was applied for quality of life measurement. The study found that stage IV disease increased the risk of depression more than 6 times in lung cancer patients (OR = 6.47; p&lt;0.05) and patients with poor QoL in the depression group, in which quality of life of mental health (36.94 ± 5.43) and physical health (41.78 ± 7.17) were all lower than those in the group without depression. Measures to monitor mental health, screen for early detection and treatment interventions, and improve quality of life are the top priorities to reduce the risk of depression in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

Impact of virtual reality-based therapy on post-stroke depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Post-stroke depression is the most common neuropsychiatric consequence and reduces rehabilitation effectiveness. However, the efficacy of virtual reality (VR) on mental health treatment for patients after a stroke is uncertain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of VR as a co-adjuvant form of treatment to reduce depression in stroke patients admitted to neurorehabilitation units. We systematically searched medical databases including PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception to November 16, 2023. Clinical trials comparing the use of VR as an adjuvant form of treatment in stroke patients' rehabilitation with the usual treatment were included. Pooled standardized mean differences were calculated using a random-effects model. Subgroup analyses were performed according to type of stroke, VR characteristics, and the scale used to measure depression. Meta-regression analysis was performed for intervention duration and to determine the mean age of the participants. Eight studies and 388 stroke patients were included. The VR interventions were associated with a lower risk of depression in patients (ES = -0.69; 95% CI [-1.05, -0.33]; I2 = 57.6%; p ≤ .02). The estimates were not affected by the type of stroke, the type of VR used, the blinding process, the type of scale used to detect depression, the duration of the intervention (weeks and minutes), and the total number of sessions. Meta-regression shows that younger samples (p = .00; 95% CI [0.01, 0.08) and longer interventions (p = < .05; 95% CI [-0.00, -0.00) lead to a greater reduction in depression. This review provides an important basis for treating depression in patients after a stroke. Professionals working in stroke neurorehabilitation units should consider VR as a form of co-adjuvant treatment for depression in patients. CRD42022303968.

Association of the APOE gene variants with depression in type 2 diabetes.

The risk of depression among patients with diabetes is higher than the general population. The exact mechanisms linking these two diseases are mostly unknown. Energy metabolism disorders seem to be a shared pathway. One of the key genes playing important roles in energy metabolism-related pathways is the APOE gene. We aimed to investigate the association of the APOE gene variants with depression among Iranian patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Three APOE gene alleles and genotypes frequencies (E2, E3, E4) were determined in 244 patients with T2DM (114 with depression and 130 without depression) using the high-resolution melting (HRM) method on the genomic DNA extracted from the patient's peripheral blood. Apoe4 allele frequency was significantly higher in T2DM patients without depression compared with those with depression (11.9 vs. 2.2%, p-value < 0.0001 and p-value = 0.001, respectively). Conversely, the wild allele apoe3 frequency was significantly higher in T2DM patients with depression (86% vs., 69%, p-value < 0.0001). Apoe4 carrier status was associated with decreased risk of depression in patients with T2DM [OR: 0.19 (0.07-0.53)]. Our results showed that the apoe4 allele and apoe4 carrier status significantly reduced the risk of depression among patients with T2DM. Further studies are needed to unravel the complex role of the APOE gene in depression among patients with diabetes.

PB0926 Venous Thromboembolism and Risk of Depression in Patients with Hematological Cancer: A Population-Based Cohort Study

PB0926 Venous Thromboembolism and Risk of Depression in Patients with Hematological Cancer: A Population-Based Cohort Study

Some Factors Related to Depression in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated at K Hospital During 2021 – 2022

Background Understanding lung cancer is currently the second most common cancer when assessing common cancer and the number of cancer deaths; there are a limited number of studies about depression in lung cancer patients in Vietnam. Objective This study aimed to describe depression in non-small cell lung cancer patients treated at K Hospital from 2021 – 2022 and associated factors. Methods Cross-sectional descriptive study. The study was conducted on 243 NSCLC patients treated at K Tan Trieu Hospital by direct phone call interview and psychiatric clinical examination. We applied the PHQ-9 scale and DSM-5 for screening and confirmed depression, and the SF-12 scale was applied for quality of life measurement. Results The study found that the risk factors related to depression included stage IV disease increasing the risk of depression more than 6 times in lung cancer patients (OR = 6.47; p&lt;0.05) and patients with poor QoL in the depression group, in which quality of life of mental health (36.94 ± 5.43) and physical health (41.78 ± 7.17) were all lower than those in the group without depression. Conclusions Measures to monitor mental health, screen for early detection and treatment interventions, and improve quality of life are the top priorities to reduce the risk of depression in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

Construction and Validation of a Nomogram Predicting Depression Risk in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome Undergoing Coronary Stenting: A Prospective Cohort Study.

To construct and validate a nomogram for predicting depression after acute coronary stent implantation for risk assessment. This study included 150 patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) who underwent stent implantation. Univariate analysis was performed to identify the predictors of postoperative depression among the 24 factors. Subsequently, multivariate logistic regression was performed to incorporate the significant predictors into the prediction model. The model was developed using the "rms" software package in R software, and internal validation was performed using the bootstrap method. Of the 150 patients, 82 developed depressive symptoms after coronary stent implantation, resulting in an incidence of depression of 54.7%. Univariate analysis showed that sleep duration ≥7 h, baseline GAD-7 score, baseline PHQ-9 score, and postoperative GAD-7 score were associated with the occurrence of depression after stenting in ACS patients (all p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that major life events in the past year (OR = 2.783,95%CI: 1.121-6.907, p = 0.027), GAD-7 score after operation (OR = 1.165, 95% CI: 1.275-2.097, p = 0.000), and baseline PHQ-9 score (OR = 3.221, 95%CI: 2.065-5.023, p = 0.000) were significant independent risk factors for ACS patients after stent implantation. Based on these results, a predictive nomogram was constructed. The model demonstrated good prediction ability, with an AUC of 0.857 (95% CI = 0.799-0.916). The correction curve showed a good correlation between the predicted results and the actual results (Brier score = 0.15). The decision curve analysis and prediction model curve had clinical practical value in the threshold probability range of 7 to 94%. This nomogram can help to predict the incidence of depression and has good clinical application value. This trial is registered with ChiCTR2300071408.

Risk of Depression in Patients with Acromegaly in Korea (2006-2016): A Nationwide Population-Based Study.

An increased prevalence of depression has been reported in patients with acromegaly. However, most studies included a relatively small sample size owing to the rarity of acromegaly. We aimed to investigate the risk of depression in patients with acromegaly using the Korean National Health Information Database (NHID). The data of patients with acromegaly in 2006-2016 were collected from the rare incurable disease registry of the NHID. Patients with acromegaly were matched with control participants without acromegaly for age and sex in a 1:5 ratio. Patients who did not receive treatment for acromegaly had a significantly increased risk of depression [hazard ratio (HR): 1.43, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.12-1.82]. However, the risk of depression did not increase in patients who received treatment for acromegaly. The multiple Cox regression analysis showed that the risk of depression was significantly higher in the untreated group than in the control group during the first three years of observation (HR: 1.829; 95% CI: 1.305-2.563). However, after a time lag of over 3 years, the risk of depression decreased in the untreated group, which is similar to that in the control group. Our nationwide study suggests that patients who did not receive treatment for acromegaly have a higher risk of depression compared with controls. The untreated acromegaly patients should be monitored for the development of depression, especially in the early years after diagnosis. These results could serve as a basis for developing screening strategies to mitigate depression in acromegaly patients.

Effects of perioperative use of esketamine on postpartum depression risk in patients undergoing cesarean section: A randomized controlled trial

BackgroundPostpartum depression (PPD) is a prevalent public health issue. Although ketamine has prophylactic effects on PPD in women undergoing cesarean section, the effects of esketamine on PPD remain unclear. This trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy of perioperative esketamine infusion on PPD risk by assessing Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) scores and blood biomarkers. MethodsA total of 150 participants undergoing elective cesarean section were randomly allocated to receive either esketamine or normal saline. Since 27 participants were excluded due to consent withdrawal or loss to follow-up, 123 patients were included. The primary outcome was the prevalence of PPD risk. Secondary outcomes included the prevalence of postpartum anxiety (PPA) risk, levels of biomarkers, postoperative pain intensity, and cumulative sufentanil consumption. ResultsThe prevalence of PPD and PPA risk at 3 days, 42 days, 3 months, and 6 months postpartum did not differ between the two groups. Furthermore, EPDS scores, pain intensity at rest, and during coughing on postoperative days (POD) 1 and 2 did not differ between the two groups. Sufentanil consumption during 0–12 h, 12–24 h, 0–24 h, and 0–48 h postoperatively were significantly lower in the esketamine group compared to the control group. Blood biomarkers did not differ between the two groups on POD 3. LimitationsThe sample size was small. PPD risk was simply screened, not diagnosed. ConclusionsPerioperative administration of esketamine did not decrease the incidence of PPD risk in women after elective cesarean section. However, esketamine reduced opioid consumption.

Increased risk of depression in patients with discoid lupus erythematosus: a nested, case-control study in the All of Us Research Program.

In this nested case–control study, we found a twofold increased risk of major depressive disorder in patients with discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) vs. controls without DLE, using the All of Us database, a National Institutes of Health (USA) research programme that prioritizes recruitment from demographic groups under-represented in biomedical research. This is the first large-scale study of this association in a heterogeneous population and highlights the importance vigilance regarding the increased risk of depression in patients with DLE.

Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Depression: A Review.

Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS) are frequently present in the general population as patients age with approximately a third of individuals experiencing LUTS during their lifetime. LUTS can be further defined as having any of the following symptoms: urinary hesitancy, straining, nocturia, increased urination frequency, and dysuria. LUTS has the potential for patients to contribute their symptoms to what can normally occur as we age. This can lead to a decrease in patients seeking care and could negatively impact patients' health-related quality of life (HRQL). In conjunction with LUTS, we obtained from our analysis that LUTS and depression are closely related and worsening depressive symptoms may increase the severity of LUTS. We also discerned three categories of factors that can yield major depression namely adversity, internalizing, and externalizing factors. Within these categories, trauma, social support, genetic factors, and minimal education appeared to increase the risk of depression in patients. With the recent increase in mental health awareness and more access to mental health care amid the COVID-19 Pandemic, further screening, and collaboration between providers to treat both urological and psychiatric symptoms could improve patient outcomes. It is important for providers to have an increased understanding of the mental and physical impact both LUTS and depression can have on patients' wellbeing. This has the potential to help patients be more open about their symptoms with the aim of better addressing LUTS and depression to positively impact their HRQL.