Increased risk of depression in patients with discoid lupus erythematosus: a nested, case-control study in the All of Us Research Program.

Abstract

In this nested case–control study, we found a twofold increased risk of major depressive disorder in patients with discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) vs. controls without DLE, using the All of Us database, a National Institutes of Health (USA) research programme that prioritizes recruitment from demographic groups under-represented in biomedical research. This is the first large-scale study of this association in a heterogeneous population and highlights the importance vigilance regarding the increased risk of depression in patients with DLE.