Risk Mapping Analysis Research Articles

Zero Produced Water Discharge Innovation in Production Fluid Management for Sustainability and Financial Efficiency

This paper will present the sustainability initiatives of PHI Tanjung Field obtained from the evaluation of existing oil and gas production activities. Through the Plan-Do-Check Action (PDCA) approach, based on the results of life cycle assessment and focus group discussions from managers and engineers in Tanjung Field, the identification of priority problems is related to the management of production fluid generated from outside the existing production facility process. Through a fishbone diagram approach to find out the root of the problem followed by Failure Mode Effect Analysis (FMEA) including Pareto diagrams and risk map analysis to get priority risk problems in the form of production fluid processing methods. Furthermore, through the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) approach, the alternative solution taken is to modify the production fluid processing with CSSR (Contain, Sediment, Separate, Recovery) innovation. The results of this CSSR innovation are no more produced water is discharged into the environment so that the Tanjung Field Manager’s policy of moving towards zero produced water discharge is achieved. With this innovation, the processing efficiency of the production fluid in 2nd year (prediction) after innovation is 97.5%, up from 66.6% in initial year before innovation. By optimizing the use of produced water, the need for clean water for the injection program can be minimized. The reduction of clean water usage from Initial year to 2nd year (prediction) is 83.1%. The efficiency ratio of this innovation is 11.10 > 1 indicates that the program generates more savings and revenue than its cost, making it a worthwhile investment. In energy reduction, the effectiveness of this innovation from Initial year to 2nd year (prediction) is reducing energy by 94.96%. In emission reduction, the reduction of CO2 emission load from Initial year to 2nd year (prediction) is 95%. This innovation contributes to the 6th Sustainable Development Goal (SDGs) “Clean Water and Sanitation,” the 7th SDGs “Clean and Affordable Energy,” the 12th SDGs “Responsible Consumption and Production,” 13th SDGs “Handling Climate Change,” and the 14th SDGs “Ocean Ecosystems.”

Analysis of Risk Factors and Gaps in Government Risk Allocation with Private Investor Risk Perceptions in the Toll Road Sector Using the PPP Scheme in Indonesia

Infrastructure development has an important role in a country's economic growth. Based on the 2020-2024 APBN plan, the total budget requirement for providing infrastructure is IDR. 2,058tn, where the government budget is 30% of the portion of budgeted funding needs. Due to the need for infrastructure development, the government initiated Government Cooperation with Business Entities (KPBU) in various infrastructure sector to accelerate infrastructure development in Indonesia, including toll road. This research was conducted to investigate identified risks along with risk mapping analysis to find out whether there is a gap in risk allocation between the government and private investors in implementing toll road PPPs in Indonesia. The method of this research is a qualitative study with data collection methods through interviews and questionnaires. From the research conducted, it is known that there are 7 (Seven) risk categories with 17 (Seventeen) risk events that are considered important by private investors. From the research conducted, it is known that there are 11 risk allocations that are appropriate and 6 allocations that are not in accordance with the risk perception of private investors in the toll road sector with the PPP scheme in Indonesia, namely the risk of differences in interest on land bailout loans, increases in construction costs, the risk of inflation rates and interest rates, the risk of rate adjustments being lower than projected, the risk of general regulatory (and tax) changes and the risk of political force majeure.

RISIKO DALAM PETERNAKAN AYAM PETELUR: SEBUAH ANALISIS DARI CIMUNING FARM, BEKASI

Risk as an obstacle is always faced in every business, including the Cimuning Farm laying chicken farming business which is also not free from business risks. The aim of this research is to identify sources of production risk, determine the probability value of production risk, determine the impact of production risk, and formulate handling strategies that can be applied to prevent and handle production risks in the Cimuning Farm laying chicken farming business, Bekasi City. The research method is a case study of the Cimuning Farm laying chicken farming business in Bekasi City. Descriptive analysis is used to determine the sources of risk, z-score analysis is used to determine the magnitude of risk probability and risk map analysis to determine preventive and mitigation strategies. The research results show that the sources of production risk at Cimuning Farm are weather, disease and pests. The probability that the weather has an influence is 24.20%, the disease factor is 33.36% and the pest factor is 32.28%. The impact of sources of production risk at Cimuning Farm from the largest to the smallest losses, namely those caused by disease amounting to IDR 5,724,122.00, weather amounting to IDR 1,849,575.00, and pests amounting to IDR 1,011,001.00. Preventive strategies that can be implemented include installing barbed wire around the enclosure walls, and scheduling guard shifts at night. Mitigation strategies that can be implemented include spraying insecticides regularly, cleaning eating and drinking places regularly and administering medicines and vaccines periodically

Geo-analytical hierarchy process for flood risk mapping using moderate resolution of satellite images

Career prospect, education and facilities attract more people gravitate toward urban areas. The population rate has increased significantly, placing a demand on metropolitan regions which become major drivers of natural hazard growth, including flood events. Satellite technology offers good services for flood mitigation and provides precautionary measures in a particular area. Thus, this study aims to produce flood risk map area in Kuantan using moderate- resolution satellite images and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) dataset was integrated with GIS tools to conduct flood risk analysis. The study found that the Kuantan city centre with low drainage capacity and high paved area is the highest risk flood zone, whereas Gambang with a huge green corridor and good drainage system is the lowest risk flood zone. These findings can provide the communities in this area with the required details and understanding of the type of floods normally occurring in study areas. This study is crucial to propose a solution to mitigate flood occurrences based on the satellite-based risk map analysis. This study supports the agenda of SDG13: Climate Action; where flood risk analysis serves to determine awareness and early warning to prevent loss of human life, biodiversity, crops and damage to property.

Decreasing natural gas flaring in Brazilian oil and gas industry

From 2009 to 2019, Brazil experienced a reduction in its flaring volumes from 16% of the natural gas production to 4%. That was the result of the policy of reducing flaring volumes that started in 2000 and was recently improved. That places Brazil in the 24th position on natural gas volume flaring, with a flaring percent of around 4%. That flaring is compatible with countries with good practices in the oil and gas sector, like the United Kingdom.To identify and quantify the main reasons for flaring natural gas in oil & gas production units, both risk map analysis and future prediction on flaring were employed. The results can lead to the achievement of mid-term reduction with focused regulation. Both tools suggest that regulation improvements must be directed to the flaring in fields with high production of natural gas (especially newer and future ones) and the commissioning of production units.With improvement in regulation, the increase of 100% in natural gas production will possibly result in a decrease in natural gas flaring to around 2% in 2030. Some proposed actions can lead to even lower flaring percentages.

Functional safety research of battery management system based on risk graph methods

In order to clarify the functional safety integrity hierarchy of the battery management system, this paper uses risk map analysis to qualify the battery management system failure event of an alarm device. The relationship among six risk parameters and four levels of safety integrity are built through specific risk. Thirteen contents are detailed and in according to four risk parameters. The results show that the functional safety outcomes of the battery management system can be classified into seven categories, and safety integrity was determined to be level I using the ten mapped paths in the risk map.

Intelligent Driving Assistant Based on Road Accident Risk Map Analysis and Vehicle Telemetry.

Through the application of intelligent systems in driver assistance systems, the experience of traveling by road has become much more comfortable and safe. In this sense, this paper then reports the development of an intelligent driving assistant, based on vehicle telemetry and road accident risk map analysis, whose responsibility is to alert the driver in order to avoid risky situations that may cause traffic accidents. In performance evaluations using real cars in a real environment, the on-board intelligent assistant reproduced real-time audio-visual alerts according to information obtained from both telemetry and road accident risk map analysis. As a result, an intelligent assistance agent based on fuzzy reasoning was obtained, which supported the driver correctly in real-time according to the telemetry data, the vehicle environment and the principles of secure driving practices and transportation regulation laws. Experimental results and conclusions emphasizing the advantages of the proposed intelligent driving assistant in the improvement of the driving task are presented.

ANALISIS TINGKAT RESIKO DAMPAK GEMPABUMI DI KABUPATEN CILACAP MENGGUNAKAN METODE DSHA DAN DATA MIKROTREMOR

Soil mechanical research has been done in Cilacap Regency using DSHA method and microtremor data. This study aims to analyze the local land response to earthquakes based on the dominant frequency parameters (f0), amplification factor (A0), wave velocity VS30 and seismic hazard analysis through deterministic approach. This research uses 193 microtremor measurement points using a short period TDS-303 type (3 component) seismometer. Microtremor data were analyzed using the Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) method in geopsy software. DSHA analysis refers to the source of the Lembang Fault earthquake and Java Subduction zone for deterministic calculations. Based on the analysis of HVSR method, Cilacap Regency is located on land type 1 (frequency 0-1.33 Hz) and soil type 2 (frequency 1,33-5 Hz) according to Kanai Classification (1983), dominated amplification value 1,104 to 8,171 times, then Dominated by soil class E (VS30 value 183 m / s) and soil class D (183 m / s VS30 366 m / s) according to NEHRP Classification (2000). This indicates that Cilacap Regency has high vulnerability to earthquake disaster. Based on the estimated value of PGA calculation method of DSHA, from the calculation of earthquake source Subduction obtained Java PGA bedrock 0,045 g - 0,0671 g and PGA surface rock 0,1926 g - 0,4855 g and calculation of Lembang Fault obtained PGA bedrock 0, 09 g - 0.025 g and PGA surface rocks 0.017 g - 0.089 g. Based on risk map analysis (combination of dominant frequency analysis, amplification, susceptibility factor and ability factor), the highest risk areas are Kec. Adipala, Kasugihan, Binangun, Nusawungun, Cil. Middle, Cil. South, Cil. North, allegedly the soil layer constituent area is a layer of thick and soft sediments. While the low risk of Kec. Majenang and Dayeuh Luhur.

A vehicle speed harmonization strategy for minimizing inter-vehicle crash risks

Recent technological advancements have facilitated the implementation of speed harmonization based on connected and automated vehicles (CAV) to prevent crashes on the road. In addition, trajectory-level vehicle controls are receiving substantial attention as sensors, wireless communications, and control systems are rapidly advancing. This study proposes a novel vehicle speed control strategy to minimize inter-vehicle crash risks in automated driving environments. The proposed methodology consists of the following three components: a risk estimation module, a risk map construction module, and a vehicle speed control module. The essence of the proposed strategy is to adjust the subject vehicle speed based on an analysis of the interactions among a subject vehicle and the surrounding vehicles. Crash risks are quantified by a fault tree analysis (FTA) method to integrate the crash occurrence potential and crash severity at every time step. A crash risk map is then constructed by projecting the integrated risk of the subject vehicle into a two-dimensional space composed of relative speed and relative spacing data. Next, the vehicle speed is continuously controlled to reach the target speed using risk map analysis to prevent a crash. The performance of the proposed methodology is evaluated by a VISSIM simulator with various traffic congestion levels and market penetration rates (MPR) of controlled vehicles. For example, an approximate 50% reduction rate of the crash potential was achievable without a loss of the operational performance of the traffic stream when all vehicles were controlled by the proposed methodology under the level of service (LOS) C conditions. This study is meaningful in that vehicle speed control is performed for the purpose of speed harmonization in a traffic stream based on a comprehensive analysis of inter-vehicle risks. It is expected that the outcome of this study will be valuable for supporting the development of vehicle control systems for preventing crashes in automated driving environments.

PS-078 Impact of the certification process on the assessment of the medication system at a University Hospital

BackgroundIn September 2012 Toulouse Hospital was inspected to evaluate its quality according to the French Health Authority standards. This process covers all aspects of the hospital including the medication system...

Artificial shifting of fMRI activation localized by volume- and surface-based analyses

Spatial smoothing is an important post-processing procedure that is used to increase the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of blood oxygenation level-dependent signals (BOLD) in common functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) applications. However, recent studies have shown that smoothing artificially shifts probabilistic local maxima of fMRI activations. In this study, we show shifting of the localization of functional centers in hand motor areas of the cerebral cortex by three-dimensional isotropic Gaussian kernel smoothing or two-dimensional heat kernel smoothing in volume- and surface-based fMRI analyses. Activation maps derived from smoothed echo planar imaging (EPI) data by volume- and surface-based analyses were assigned to the nodes of individual cortical surface models, and local maxima in the primary motor area (M1) and the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) were compared with those derived from non-smoothed risk map analysis, which is commonly used in presurgical applications. For each analysis, the Euclidean and geodesic distances between the correlation coefficients of local maxima derived from smoothed and non-smoothed EPI data were measured. The results show that the correlation coefficients derived from the volume- and surface-based analyses were about 29.4% and 42.9% higher for smoothed than for non-smoothed risk map analyses, and show minimum shifting of localizations by 12.1 mm and 6.9 mm on average in Euclidean distance, respectively, and about 9.5 mm and 5.7 mm on average in geodesic distance, respectively.