Level Of Risk Research Articles

Progressive Monitoring of Micro-Dumps Using Remote Sensing: An Applicative Framework for Illegal Waste Management

Illegal dumping is one of the major issues to be addressed by public managers in both developed and developing countries. The adequate tackling and enforcement of such unlawful activities require continuous territory monitoring, the lack of which is the principal cause of the failure of traditional systems based on patrolling, eventually triggered by sparse crowdsourced data. This work proposes the digitalization of the entire illegal waste management monitoring process through an innovative decision support system based on multiscale remote sensing data. These data enable the assessment of the risk level of specific areas, thus determining inspection priorities in line with the available patrolling resources. The proposed methodology provides a tool to assess the impact of diverse monitoring system parameters on overall the performance in light of the expected operating costs and to understand whether remote sensing can help a better management of illegal waste in a specific operational scenario, thus helping in the determination of the best cost–benefit trade-off. Simulation results over a demonstration scenario, based on realistic dumping/restoration dynamics and the typical performance of satellite detection systems, show that the adoption of remote sensing technologies in the monitoring process can increase the restoration capacity by about 10% compared to traditional patrolling.

Analysis of injury risk levels in young footballers: A review of functional movement screens and static balance scores

: Injury or wound is damage to the structure or function of the body due to physical force or pressure. This study aims to analyze the risk of injury in young footballers in terms of the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) based on static balance scores. This study used a descriptive observational research method. The subjects were 31 young footballers (age 13.6±0.5 years, BMI 19.5±2.2 kg/m², TD 15.5±10 months). The data collection instrument involved FMS and Stand Stork Test (SST). The data were then analyzed using descriptive statistics. This study found that the FMS score with a high injury risk category was 6.45% in the SST poor category. Meanwhile, FMS scores in the moderate injury risk category were 19.35% in the SST moderate category, 32.25% in the SST poor category, and 3.25% in the SST very poor category. FMS scores in the low injury risk category were 6.45% in the moderate SST category and 32.25% in the poor SST category. The conclusion is that SPSS soccer academy students have a potential risk of injury in the moderate category and a static balance level in the less category. In addition, after reviewing the results of FMS scores based on SST scores, it can be concluded that FMS scores in the moderate category are found in samples with poor category SST, which is 32.25%. This study suggests improving static balance to prevent the risk of sports injuries in young footballers. Similar research in the future is also recommended, especially the one that uses other physical component variables and different research sample characteristics.

Venous Thromboembolism Risk Assessment and Prophylaxis in Obstetrics Patients in a Tertiary Health Center in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Aim The study aimed to estimate the proportion of patients who were evaluated for thrombosis risk and received appropriate thromboprophylaxis, if indicated, in King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Method This was a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted among inpatients from May 1 to August 31, 2020, in KAUH. Results Out of 298 pregnant women, the mean age was 32.09± 5.29 years. A total of 136 (45.6%) were obese and 97 (32.6%) were overweight. There was a significant relationship between Caprini score categories and the following variables: age, body mass index (BMI), medical disease, history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), mode of delivery, prophylaxis, and its duration (p < 0.05). Conclusion Awareness about thromboprophylaxis in reducing the risk of developing venous thrombosis has increased compared to before, with more than half of the cases receiving it regardless of the risk level. The highest risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) was found in older women, obese women, and those with a previous history of DVT. Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) was the main prophylaxis in the hospital with an average duration of three days.

Development and Validation of a Near Infra-Red (NIR) Hand-held Spectrophotometric Method Using PCA Approaches and Chemometric Tools: Application for Qualitative and Quantitative Determination of Tadalafil Marketed in Kinshasa—D.R. Congo

A hand-held NIR spectrophotometric method was developed, validated, and applied for the determination of tadalafil in tablets. The aim of our work was to develop analytical methods based on vibrational techniques using low-cost portable equipment. Based on different chemometric modeling, we attempted to validate the method, which gave encouraging results from the principal component analysis (PCA), DD-SIMCA, and PLS modeling. Following this, we optimized the method using an appropriate experiment plan. For validation, we used the total error approach with acceptance limits set at ±10% with a risk level of 5%. The method showed that it was possible to perform both qualitative and quantitative analysis of pharmaceutical products using low-cost portable NIR systems with chemometric tools. The developed approach enabled the completion of the first step in implementing an NIR method for quality control of tadalafil-based drugs in the DRC. Validation difficulties of the PLS method resulted from the lack of information about inter-day serial variations of spectral responses. It would be interesting to extend the study to a larger calibration interval in order to correct uncertainties that may result from the variability observed under different conditions and to verify robustness. These are the limitations of this work, but the results are nevertheless very encouraging.

Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal(loid)s in the Overlying Water of Small Wetlands Based on Monte Carlo Simulation.

Heavy metal(loid) (HM) contamination is a significant threat to wetland ecosystem. However, contamination risks of HMs in overlying water of small wetlands, which are easily ignored because of their minor occupancy in an overall area, are nearly unknown. A total of 36 water samples containing six HMs were collected from the urban and rural small wetlands of Urumqi in China, and the contamination levels and probabilistic health risks caused by HMs were assessed using the Nemerow pollution index (NPI) and the health risk assessment model introduced by the US EPA. The results revealed that the average concentration of Hg in the urban and rural small wetlands surpassed the Class II thresholds of the Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water (GB 3838-2002) by factors of 3.2 and 5.0 times, respectively. The overall contamination levels of HMs in the small wetlands fall into the high contamination level. Results of a health risk assessment indicated that non-carcinogenic health risk of the investigated HMs are found to be lower than the acceptable range for adults, but higher than the acceptable range for children. Meanwhile, As falls into the low carcinogenic risk level, whereas Cd falls into the very low carcinogenic risk level. Overall, HMs in rural small wetlands showed relatively higher contamination levels and probabilistic health risks than that of urban small wetlands. In addition, As was identified as the dominant health risk factor in the overlying water of small wetlands in the study area. Findings of this study provide scientific support needed for the prevention of HM contamination of small wetlands in arid zones.

HERisk and statistical clustering integrated for health risk modelling of PTEs in natural water resources for drinking and sanitary uses

Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) are well-known for exposing living organisms and humans to different levels of risk. The present study aimed to evaluate the extent of exposure to health risks sustained by the inhabitants of different suburbs across Southeastern Nigeria as a result of contaminated water sources. There are existing literatures on human health risk assessment in the study region. However, this is the first study to report a detailed breakdown of the risks faced by nine age groups in the study area. This was achieved by integrating a novel code (HERisk), statistical clustering, and water quality data. Laboratory analysis showed that the levels of PTEs (Fe2+, Ni2+, Cr3+, and Pb2+) in 53.6%, 17.8%, 3.5%, and 46% of the samples were found to be above the recommended limits. Aggregated human health risk scores for ingestion and dermal routes revealed that children aged 1 to 2 years are the most vulnerable to health hazards. According to cumulative carcinogenic health risk values (0.00E+00 to 2.41E-04), samples proximal to regions with significant human activities expose the locals to a high risk of developing cancer via ingestion. Q-mode hierarchical cluster analysis successfully validated the classification schemes used for the interpretation of the HERisk code values, captured the patterns in the dataset, and brought forth new perspectives. The comprehensive approach detailed in this study can be adopted as a framework for ongoing monitoring and assessment of water quality.

Assessing nonpoint source pollution risk in watersheds using a water-functioning zone approach

A thorough understanding of the geographical and spatial attributes of nonpoint source pollution risk in watersheds is crucial for conducting nonpoint source pollutant studies and implementing effective scientific administration strategies. The inclusion of a water-related functioning zone was considered during the nonpoint source's pollution risks assessment procedure. Nevertheless, there has not been a thorough investigation into the potential risk of nonpoint sources of pollution to adequately safeguard the quality of water in watersheds having varying capacities to handle contaminants in the water. This research presents an innovative approach for assessing the risk of nonpoint sources contamination. This allows for a quantitative evaluation of the effect of discharges of pollution from a sub-catchment on the quality of water bodies nearby. The nonpoint source losses of nutrients process, as modeled by the Water and Soil Assessment Tool, had been used to assess the hazard of nonpoint source contamination in Le ‘a River Watersheds. This assessment happened on both yearly and monthly scales. The findings indicated that the risk of nonpoint source contamination exhibits both seasonal and regional variations and is significantly impacted by the ability of the fluid ecosystem. Elevated nonpoint sources pollutants do not always equate to elevated pollutant dangers. On the other hand, a small amount of nutrients in the nonpoint sources does not indicate an insignificant degree of susceptibility to region risk. Furthermore, by utilizing a risk assessment method that considers the capacity of the water's environment, it is possible to identify variations in risk levels that may be overlooked when solely considering nonpoint sources contaminant losses, and fluid functioning zone. This approach allows for precise regulation of nonpoint sources of pollution administration.

The Impact of Blockchain Technology Activation by Audit Clients on Internal Control Structure Effectiveness: An Experimental Study

The research aimed to study and test the impact of blockchain activation by audit clients on the effectiveness of the internal control structure. To achieve the research objective, an experimental approach was used to test the research hypotheses on a sample of auditors belonging to accounting and auditing firms in Egypt. According to auditing standards, specifically the second fieldwork standard, the auditor is responsible for performing tests of compliance and adherence related to internal controls for the purpose of assessing the level of control risk, and thus the risk of material misstatement, leading to the planning of detection risk. The theoretical part of the research concluded that blockchain technology is one of the most impactful technological applications in the current work environment. Additionally, there is a near consensus in previous related studies that activating this technology has an impact on the five main components of the internal control structure . In its practical part, the research concluded that the five research hypotheses related to the components of the internal control structure were accepted, confirming auditors' awareness of the potential benefits of blockchain activation by audit clients to enhance the effectiveness of the internal control structure. KEYWORDS blockchain technology, control activities, digital transformation, Egyptian market, financial transactions, internal audit

Managing risk concerns with ordered backlogs in the semiconductor industry: An empirical study

Today, the semiconductor industry is integral to the functionality of many critical goods and processes that are highly valued. The increasing demand across various semiconductor-related industries has correspondingly amplified the risks faced by firms within this sector. In this study, we empirically explore the potential of ordered backlogs as a means to mitigate the risks confronting semiconductor firms. Utilizing a dataset comprising publicly traded semiconductor firms in the USA, over a duration from 1998 to 2021, we quantitatively validate our hypotheses. Our findings reveal that a substantial volume of ordered backlogs is indeed correlated to a diminished level of firm risk. However, it is important to note that this risk-mitigating effect is lessened as the marketing and research intensities of these firms escalate. Moreover, we observe that the advantageous impact of ordered backlogs in risk reduction is more subdued in large workforce firms, whereas the presence of a sizable top management team aids in lessening the impact of ordered backlogs on risk. These managerial insights are invaluable in advancing both theoretical understanding and managerial practices within the realm of the semiconductor industry.

Криминальные угрозы и криминогенные риски преступлений, совершаемых в отношении несовершеннолетних с использованием цифровых технологий

Introduction: the author considers the protection of minors against the negative effects of digital influence, including the criminal threat and criminogenic risks that can be detected in a digitally transformed environment. The search for legal solutions to decrease criminal threat and criminogenic risks is also addressed. Materials and Methods: the study materials included the law providing criminological security of minors, a public opinion poll, and statistical data on police-recorded juvenile crimes committed online. The study employed a variety of methods, including empirical and linguistic methods, scientific and analytical methods, as well as specific juridical methods, such as sociological, juridical, comparative legal, etc. Results of the study indicated that criminal threats and criminogenic risks associated with unsupervised use of the Internet, social networks, and messengers by minors have been on the rise, as evidenced by the upward trend in online crimes committed against minors observed in 2023, similar to the previous years. Currently, the most significant risk is sexual abuse against minors online, as it has the most detrimental impact on the physical, sexual, psychological, and moral development of adolescents. The reduction of this type of crime will necessitate the allocation of special attention and the collaboration of law enforcement with network operators and providers in order to construct a robust and effective system for regulating the consumption of information products by minors. It is of the utmost importance to ensure that the system does not impede the development of the younger generation. Discussion and Conclusions: given the current level of criminal threats and criminogenic risks for minors, including attacks on their biosocial nature online, low detection rates and high levels of latency of this type of crime, it is imperative to improve the educational process for specialists working with minors, as well as for parents. This should include teaching minors themselves to use the Internet, social networks, and messengers. The author devotes particular attention to the inter-agency, intra-agency, and international interaction between law enforcement agencies.

Managing Active Shooter Events in Schools: An Introduction to Emergency Management

Active shooter events involving an armed perpetrator(s) on campus are one of the main risks facing K-12 schools. Defined as planning for and responding to emergency situations, emergency or crisis management allows for an ‘acceptable’ level of risk to be achieved. This paper will go through the four principles of emergency management, detailing what each stage involves and how it can reduce risk. The first of these is mitigation, which prevents crises occurring in the first place. Effective risk and threat assessment are pertinent to this stage. Secondly, there is preparedness, which enhances the capacity of an organization to respond to various incidents. This involves drafting emergency management plans and practicing these to ensure readiness to respond. The next principle is responding to a crisis, denoting the actions taken during and immediately after a crisis, should one transpire. The final facet of emergency management planning is recovery, referring to the short-to-long-term phase of restoring a community following an incident. This paper will share insights obtained from a recent event, The Briefings, held by the I Love U Guys foundation, one of the leading school safety organizations in the United States. Specifically, the paper will focus on a possible training approach to active shooter events and other emergencies, the organization’s emergency management framework called the ‘Standard Response Protocol’. Additionally, this paper will incorporate relevant scholarly readings in order to provide an introduction to the topic of emergency management.

Incorporating recklessness to collaborative filtering based recommender systems

Recommender systems are intrinsically tied to a reliability/coverage dilemma: The more reliable we desire the forecasts, the more conservative the decision will be and thus, the fewer items will be recommended. This causes a detriment to the predictive capability of the system, as it is only able to estimate potential interest in items for which there is a consensus in their evaluation, rather than being able to estimate potential interest in any item. In this paper, we propose the inclusion of a new term in the learning process of matrix factorization-based recommender systems, called recklessness, that takes into account the variance of the output probability distribution of the predicted ratings. In this way, gauging this recklessness measure we can force more spiky output distribution, enabling the control of the risk level desired when making decisions about the reliability of a prediction. Experimental results demonstrate that recklessness not only allows for risk regulation but also improves the quantity and quality of predictions provided by the recommender system.

FPSO/LNG hawser system lifetime assessment by Gaidai multivariate risk assessment method

Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO) unit being an offshore vessel, storing and producing crude oil, prior to crude oil being transported by accompanying shuttle tanker. Critical mooring/hawser strains during offloading operation have to be accurately predicted, in order to maintain operational safety and reliability. During certain types of offloading, excessive hawser tensions may occur, causing operational risks. Current study examines FPSO vessel’s dynamic reactions to hydrodynamic wave-induced loads, given realistic in situ environmental conditions, utilizing the AQWA software package. Current study advocates novel multi-dimensional spatiotemporal risks assessment approach, that is particularly well suited for large dataset analysis, based on numerical simulations (or measurements). Advocated multivariate reliability methodology may be useful for a variety of marine and offshore systems that must endure severe environmental stressors during their intended operational lifespan. Methodology, presented in this study provides advanced capability to efficiently, yet accurately evaluate dynamic system failure, hazard and damage risks, given representative dynamic record of multidimensional system’s inter-correlated critical components. Gaidai risk assessment method being novel dynamic multidimensional system’s lifetime assessment methodology. In order to validate and benchmark Gaidai risk assessment method, in this study it was applied to FPSO and potentially LNG (i.e., Liquid Natural Gas) vessels dynamics. Major advantage of the advocated approach is that there are no existing alternative risk assessment methods, able to tackle unlimited number of system’s dimensions. Accurate multi-dimensional risk assessment had been carried out, based on numerically simulated data, partially verified by available laboratory experiments. Confidence intervals had been given for predicted dynamic high-dimensional system risk levels.

Admission prioritization of heart failure patients with multiple comorbidities.

The primary objective of this study was to enhance the operational efficiency of the current healthcare system by proposing a quicker and more effective approach for healthcare providers to deliver services to individuals facing acute heart failure (HF) and concurrent medical conditions. The aim was to support healthcare staff in providing urgent services more efficiently by developing an automated decision-support Patient Prioritization (PP) Tool that utilizes a tailored machine learning (ML) model to prioritize HF patients with chronic heart conditions and concurrent comorbidities during Urgent Care Unit admission. The study applies key ML models to the PhysioNet dataset, encompassing hospital admissions and mortality records of heart failure patients at Zigong Fourth People's Hospital in Sichuan, China, between 2016 and 2019. In addition, the model outcomes for the PhysioNet dataset are compared with the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) Maryland (MD) State Inpatient Data (SID) for 2014, a secondary dataset containing heart failure patients, to assess the generalizability of results across diverse healthcare settings and patient demographics. The ML models in this project demonstrate efficiencies surpassing 97.8% and specificities exceeding 95% in identifying HF patients at a higher risk and ranking them based on their mortality risk level. Utilizing this machine learning for the PP approach underscores risk assessment, supporting healthcare professionals in managing HF patients more effectively and allocating resources to those in immediate need, whether in hospital or telehealth settings.

Integrated Risk Assessment of Mountainous Long-Distance Oil and Gas Pipelines Based on Multisource Spatial Data.

Pipeline risk assessment is crucial for pipeline safety management and operation. The aim of this study is to develop a comprehensive assessment model that accurately evaluates pipeline risks and ensures the safe and reliable operation of the pipeline system. The model is based on multisource spatial data and is primarily applicable to long-distance oil and gas pipelines that traverse complex geological conditions in mountainous areas. The research is conducted using the example of the Jinliwen natural gas pipeline in Zhejiang Province, China. By analyzing the geological data of the study area and the potential risks that the pipeline may encounter, a comprehensive risk assessment indicator system for the pipeline was developed using slope units to divide pipeline sections. The pipeline risk levels are classified using the K-means clustering-entropy weighted-random forest algorithm. The model is evaluated using accuracy (Acc), precision (Pre), recall (R), F1-score, and the ROC curve. The results show that the model has an accuracy of 0.917, a precision of 0.92, a recall of 0.916, an F1-score of 0.914, and an AUC (Area Under Curve) of 0.93, indicating its strong predictive capability. The risk assessment results demonstrate a strong consistency when compared with actual incident events. This indicates that the constructed model effectively reflects the influencing factors of pipeline risk, providing a basis for pipeline risk assessment and disaster prevention and mitigation efforts in similar regions.

Reliability of the Croatian Version of Motivation Scale for Free Time

Aim: The Motivation scale for free time was developed to measure motivation for activity of population in their free time. The aim of this study was to determine test-retest reliability of Croatian version of Motivation scale for free time on students. Subjects and Methods: The sample was consisted of 97 students of Karlovac University of Applied Sciences 64 men and 33 women). Study was conducted on two occasions and there were 137 students in first measurement and 97 students in second. The response rate to the second measurement was 70,8 %. Statistical data analysis was performed with the software package SPSS 23.0. The normality of the distribution was checked by the Kolmogorov - Smirnov test to justify the use of parametric procedures. The asymmetry coefficient ranged from +/- 3, and the flattening coefficient from +/- 10, and the distribution is considered normal, so the use of parametric procedures is allowed. The validity was checked in the form of correlations of individual particles with the total result in both measurements. Results: The validity in both measurements proved to be statistically significant. In the first measurement, the correlation range of each particle with the total score on the scale ranged between 0.4 to 0.74, which was statistically significant at a risk level of less than 1 %. In the second measurement, the correlation range of each particle with the total score on the scale ranged between 0.31 to 0.73, which was statistically significant at a risk level of less than 1 %. Conclusion: The results showed satisfactory reliability of Croatian version of motivation scale for free time on students.

Motivating parents to protect their children from wildfire smoke: the impact of air quality index infographics

Background. Wildfire smoke events are increasing in frequency and intensity due to climate change. Children are especially vulnerable to health effects even at moderate smoke levels. However, it is unclear how parents respond to Air Quality Indices (AQIs) frequently used by agencies to communicate air pollution health risks. Methods. In an experiment (3 × 2 × 2 factorial design), 2,100 parents were randomly assigned to view one of twelve adapted AQI infographics that varied by visual (table, line, gauge), index type (AQI [0-500], AQHI [1-11+]), and risk level (moderate, high). Participants were told to imagine encountering the infographic in a short-term exposure scenario. They reported worry about wildfire smoke, intentions to take risk-mitigating actions (e.g., air purifier use), and support for various exposure reduction policies. Subsequently, participants were told to imagine encountering the same infographic daily during a school week in a long-term exposure scenario and again reported worry, action intentions, and policy support. Results. Parents’ responses significantly differentiated between risk levels that both pose a threat to children’s health; worry and action intentions were much higher in the high-risk group than the moderate-risk group in both short-exposure (F = 748.68 p<.001; F = 411.59, p<.001) and long-exposure scenarios (F = 470.51, p<.001; F = 212.01, p<.001). However, in the short-exposure scenario, when shown the AQHI [1-11+] with either the line or gauge visuals, parents’ action intentions were more similar between moderate- and high-risk level groups (3-way interaction, F = 6.03, p = .002). Conclusions. These results suggest some index formats such as the AQHI—rather than the AQI—may better attune parents to moderate levels of wildfire smoke being dangerous to children’s health. Our research offers insights for agencies and officials seeking to improve current public education efforts during wildfire smoke events and speaks to the critical need to educate parents and help them act short-term and long-term to protect children’s health.

Facing multidimensional poverty in older adults: An artificial intelligence approach that reveals the variable relevance

Despite the rapid development in very recent years of Artificial Intelligence models to predict poverty risk, this problem still remains an unsolved open challenge, especially from a multidimensional perspective. One of the main challenges is related to the scarcity of labelled and high-quality data for training models coupled with the lack of a general reference model to build good predictors. This results in the proposal of a variety of approaches tailored to specific contexts. This paper presents our proposal to address multidimensional poverty prediction, starting from an unlabelled dataset. We focus on the case of a fragile population, the older adults; our approach is highly flexible and can be easily adapted to various scenarios. Firstly, starting from expert knowledge, we apply a stochastic method for estimating the probability of an individual being poor, and we use this probability to identify three levels of risk. Then, we train an XGBoost classification model and exploit its tree structure to define a ranking of feature relevance. This information is used to create a new set of aggregated features representative of different poverty dimensions. An explainable novel Naive Bayes model is then trained for predicting individuals’ deprivation level in our particular domain. The capacity to identify which variables are predominantly associated with poverty among older adults offers valuable insights for policymakers and decision-makers to address poverty effectively.

Preferential trade agreements as insurance

We investigate preferential trade agreement (PTA) formation when risk averse countries face demand uncertainty and, hence, have an insurance motive for pursuing trade integration. In this environment, when deciding which type of PTA − if any − they wish to form, countries seek to maximise their net welfare; that is, their expected utility less a risk premium. The desire for insurance influences, not just whether a particular PTA forms, but also the preferred depth of integration. We analyze the insurance implications of free trade agreements (FTAs), customs unions (CUs), and countries choosing to stand alone. We further distinguish between shallow CUs and deep CUs; in the former, members maximise the sum of their individual net welfares, while in the latter they maximise the net value of the sum of their individual expected welfares. We show that differences in country risk attitudes and the levels of risk they face, as well as the degree to which these risks are correlated with each other, each, and together, influence the formation and design of TAs. When countries’ demands are uncorrelated, they form a deep CU if their levels of risk aversion are sufficiently different. If, however, their risk attitudes are similar, countries opt for shallower trade integration − either a shallow CU or a FTA − if they face low levels of uncertainty, and choose to stand alone if one country faces a sufficiently high level of uncertainty. When countries’ demands are correlated, they tend to form a deep CU if their demands are strongly negatively correlated, a FTA if their demands are strongly positively correlated and a shallow CU when their demands are weakly correlated. Intuitively, differences in country risk attitudes (i.e., their degree of risk aversion) act as an additional source of comparative advantage. Deeper integration − particularly via a CU − permits less risk averse members to essentially export their relative partiality for risk to more risk averse partners, thereby effectively providing the latter with insurance.

Serum albumin, genetic susceptibility, and risk of venous thromboembolism

BackgroundPrevious research on the association between serum albumin (ALB) and venous thromboembolism (VTE) has produced inconclusive results. The polygenic risk score is constructed from a set of independent risk variants associated with a disorder, enabling the identification of a larger fraction of the population at comparable or greater disease risk. It is still unknown whether ALB and genetic factors jointly contribute to the incidence of VTE. ObjectivesThe present study aimed to explore ALB, genetic susceptibility, and the risk of VTE. MethodsThe present investigation was an analysis of prospectively collected data from UK Biobank, a population-based, longitudinal cohort. Cox proportional models were used to calculate hazard ratios and 95% CIs for VTE. The Kaplan–Meier curve was utilized to visualize the cumulative risk of VTE according to different serum ALB levels, and the restricted cubic spline model was leveraged to explore the exposure–response relationship among ALB levels and VTE risk. ResultsDuring median follow-up of 13.5 years, 11,502 cases with VTE were diagnosed among 417,113 participants in the UK Biobank. The lower ALB levels were associated with a higher risk for VTE. Individuals with both a high genetic risk and lowest ALB level had the highest risk of VTE (hazard ratio, 3.89; 95% CI, 3.41-4.43), compared with those with low genetic risk and highest ALB level. The positive joint effects of low ALB and polygenic risk score increased the risk of VTE in individuals with high genetic risk. This study excluded non-European patients and primarily focused on the European population, which may limit the generalizability of the findings. ConclusionLow serum ALB levels were linked to an increased risk of VTE, which was in accordance with a linear dose–response relationship. There was a positive additive effect of ALB and genetic susceptibility on the risk of VTE. ALB could serve as a biomarker for predicting the risk of VTE.