Risk Of Obesity In Adolescents Research Articles

Motor Competence as a Protection Factor Against Pediatric Obesity: The Bidirectional Relationship Between Motor Competence and Weight Status

ABSTRACT Purpose: Motor competence is negatively associated with body mass index (BMI) in young people. However, it is still unclear whether motor competence is linked to the risk of obesity in adolescents and longitudinal evidence is missing. The main purpose of this study was to assess the association between motor competence and risk of obesity across adolescence. Methods: A 2-year follow-up study was conducted with a total of 122 adolescents (59.8% girls) aged 12 to 13 years at baseline. Motor competence (KTK), weight status (BMI) and physical activity (questionnaire) were assessed at three time points. Generalized estimating equation and logistic regression models were conducted to examine the relationships between motor competence and weight status, adjusting for potential confounders (i.e. age, sex and physical activity). Results: Motor competence and BMI were inversely related over time. The chance to have overweight/obesity decreased by 6.5% and 8% with a 10-point increase in motor competence across time. In addition, adolescents had 6.4 to 8.2 greater chance to have low motor competence with a 1-point increase in BMI across time. Conclusion: Motor competence is inversely associated with the risk of overweight/obesity across adolescence. Therefore, the development of motor competence can be a protection factor against excessive weight gain. As such, we recommend the development of motor competence as a strategy to prevent pediatric obesity through diversified types of physical activities such as sports, active play and physical education classes.

Obese adolescents have higher risk for femur fracture after motor vehicle collision

BackgroundPrevious reports identified an association between obese adolescents (OAs) and lower extremity (LE) fractures after blunt trauma. However, the type of LE fracture remains unclear. We hypothesized that OAs presenting after motor vehicle collision (MVC) have a higher risk of severe LE fracture and will require a longer length of stay (LOS) and more support services upon discharge, compared to non-OAs. MethodsThe 2017–2019 Trauma Quality Improvement Program database was queried for adolescents (12–17-years-old) presenting after MVC. The primary outcome was LE fracture. A severe fracture was defined by abbreviated injury scale ≥3. OAs were defined by a body mass index (BMI) ≥30. ResultsFrom 22,610 MVCs, 3325 (14.7 %) included OAs. The rate of any LE fracture was higher for OAs (21.6 % vs. 18.8 %, p < 0.001). On subset analysis the only LE fracture at higher risk in OAs was a femur fracture (13 % vs. 9.1 %, p < 0.001). After adjusting for sex and age, the risk for severe LE fracture (OR 1.34, CI 1.18–1.53, p < 0.001) was higher for OAs. OAs with a femur fracture had a longer median LOS (5 vs. 4 days, p = 0.003) and were more likely discharged with additional support services including home-health or inpatient rehabilitation (30.6 % vs. 21.4 %, p < 0.001). ConclusionOAs sustaining MVCs have increased associated risk of femur fractures. OAs are more likely to have a higher-grade LE injury, experience a longer LOS, and require additional support services upon discharge. Future research is needed to determine if early disposition planning with social work assistance can help shorten LOS.

Study of the Role of Ultra-Processed Food (UPF) on the Risk of Obesity in Adolescents: An Observational Study in the Adolescent Community in Jambi City, Indonesia

Obesity in adolescents is an increasingly worrying global health problem. Unhealthy eating patterns, especially consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF), are thought to be one of the main risk factors. This study aims to examine the relationship between UPF consumption and the risk of obesity in adolescents in Jambi City, Indonesia. Cross-sectional observational research was conducted on 350 adolescents aged 13-18 years in Jambi City. UPF consumption data was collected using the NOVA questionnaire, while anthropometric data (height, weight) was measured directly. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between UPF consumption and the risk of obesity, with adjustment for potential confounding variables such as gender, age, and socio-economic status. The results showed that high UPF consumption (above the median 4.2 servings/day) significantly increased the risk of obesity in adolescents in Jambi City (OR = 2.87; 95% CI: 1.65-4.98; p &lt; 0.001). This relationship remained significant after adjusting for confounding variables. No significant relationship was found between gender, age, and socioeconomic status with the risk of obesity. High UPF consumption is an independent risk factor for the incidence of obesity in adolescents in Jambi City. Comprehensive public health interventions are needed to reduce UPF consumption and promote healthy eating patterns in adolescents.

The association between parental body mass index and the risk of adolescent obesity

This study aimed to examine the prevalence of adolescent obesity in urban areas and the potential association with parental body mass index (BMI). A cross-sectional design was used and participants were selected from institutions of higher education in Jakarta City. Anthropometric data were obtained by trained volunteers while other variables were acquired through a self-administered questionnaire completed using a Google online form. Among the 420 questionnaires distributed, 370 (88%) were retrieved and completed. Data were analyzed by bivariate and multivariate analysis using chi-square and logistic regression adjusted for lifestyle covariates. The results showed that 59.65% and 63.16% of participants had a father or mother who was overweight and obese. The tendency to acquire obesity was higher when the father was obese compared to the mother (OR=1.42; 95% CI=0.92-2.19). A correlation was found between parental BMI and overweight/obesity in adolescents, with the father being a stronger predictor than the mother. Although there was no significant association, this study underscored the significance of adolescent obesity and overweight as a public health issue, suggesting the need for urgent preventive measures.

Associations between motor competence and the risk of obesity in Brazilian adolescents

Purpose: To assess whether motor competence is associated with the risk of obesity in adolescents. Methods: The sample consisted of 296 adolescents (56.1% girls) aged 12 to 15 years recruited from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Motor competence was assessed using the Körperkoordinationtest fur kinder (KTK). Body mass index (BMI) measures were used to classify the participants’ weight status. Physical activity was determined through a validated self-administered questionnaire. Multinomial and binary logistic regression models, adjusted for potential confounders (i.e. age, sex and physical activity), were executed to examine the association between motor competence and risk of obesity. Results: Almost half of participants (48%) presented low motor competence. Among adolescents with obesity, 92.9% showed low motor competence. In addition, low motor competence was associated with a higher risk to be overweight (OR: 2.940, p=.006) and obese (OR: 18.366, p&lt;.001), even after adjusting for potential confounders. Conversely, adolescents with adequate motor competence were less likely to be overweight (OR: .340, p = .006) and obese (OR: .054, p&lt;.001). Conclusion: Having low motor competence can be a risk factor for obesity, while adequate motor competence was a protective factor against this disease. Pediatric obesity is multifactorial, including environmental aspects, yet this study showed that motor competence seems to be important to maintaining a healthy weight status in youth. Keywords: motor development; weight status; overweight; physical activity; children.

Adverse Childhood Experiences May Dampen the Protective Role of Sleep Duration on Adolescent Obesity Risk.

The purpose of this study was to explore Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) as a moderator between sleep duration/irregularity and overweight/obesity in U.S. adolescents. Using the National Survey of Children's Health 2017-2018 cross-sectional dataset, we included adolescents with available sleep and Body Mass Index (BMI) data. In a sample of 24,100 adolescents (mean age = 13.56years, 49.35% female; 51% White), parents reported adolescent's sleep duration/irregularity, and number of ACEs. Logistic regression estimated the interaction between sleep duration/irregularity and the number of ACEs on overweight/obesity risk (BMI ≥ 85th percentile-for-age) using a stepwise approach and accounting for complex survey design. In the 24,100 adolescents, 33% were overweight/obese, 50% had ≥ 1 ACE, 37% slept < 8-10h/night, and 14% had irregular sleep. Accounting for covariates and ACEs, every hour increase in sleep duration was associated with 6% decrease in overweight/obesity odds. There was a significant interaction between sleep duration and ACEs; the association between increasing sleep duration and decreasing odds of overweight/obesity was significant only in adolescents without ACEs (OR = 0.87, 95% CI [0.80, 0.95], p < 0.001). Increasing sleep duration is a recognized intervention target to decrease obesity risk, yet in adolescents experiencing ≥ 1 ACE, this protective role may be dampened. Future work may explore mechanisms for overweight/obesity development to inform interventions for adolescents facing adversity.

6. Hypothetical Impact of Intervening on Socioeconomic Disadvantage in Childhood to Reduce the Risk of Adolescent Obesity: Stratification by Polygenic Risk in a Population Cohort Study

6. Hypothetical Impact of Intervening on Socioeconomic Disadvantage in Childhood to Reduce the Risk of Adolescent Obesity: Stratification by Polygenic Risk in a Population Cohort Study

Early life adversity and obesity risk in adolescence: a 9-year population-based prospective cohort study.

There are few prospective studies of factors that mediate the association between exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and obesity in adolescence. Our aim was to address this limitation. We used prospective data from the Growing up in Ireland cohort study, with measurements at 9, 13, and 18 years old. The exposures were 14 adverse experiences before age 9. The mainoutcome was body mass index (BMI) at 18 years. Mediators were daily activity, diet quality, self-image and behavioural difficulties at 13 years. Among the 4561 adolescentsin the final cohort, 77.2% experienced any adversity, 50.5% were female and 26.7% were overweight/obese at 18 years. BMI Z was higher at ages 9 (0.54 vs 0.43, p < 0.05, 95% CI of difference: -0.22, -0.01) and 13 years (0.50 vs 0.35, p < 0.05, 95% CI of difference: -0.25, -0.06), in those exposed to an ACE, compared to those unexposed. Structural equation models revealed that behavioural difficulties (β = 0.01; 95% CI: 0.007-0.018, p < 0.001) and self-concept (β = 0.0027; 95% CI: 0.0004-0.0050, p = 0.026) indirectly mediate the association between exposure to ACEs and BMI at 18 years. The association between ACEs and BMI in adolescence is mediated by behavioural difficulties and self-concept. In a previous study, we found modest associations between exposure to a range of adverse childhood experiences and weight gain at 13 years of age. The strength of the association between adverse childhood experiences and weight gain was lower at 18 years of age compared to the association observed at 13 years and was no longer significant after controlling for confounding and including possible mediators. The association between adverse childhood experiences and BMI in adolescence is indirectlymediated by behavioural difficulties and self-concept.

Interaction between adolescent sleep rhythms and gender in an obese population.

The obesity rate of adolescents is gradually increasing, which seriously affects their mental health, and sleep plays an important role in adolescent obesity. To investigate the relationship between sleep rhythm and obesity among adolescents and further explores the interactive effect of sleep rhythm and gender on adolescent obesity, providing a theoretical basis for developing interventions for adolescent obesity. Research data source Tianjin Mental Health Promotion Program for Students. From April to June 2022, this study selected 14201 students from 13 middle schools in a certain district of Tianjin as the research subject using the convenient cluster sampling method. Among these students, 13374 accepted and completed the survey, with an effective rate of 94.2%.The demographic data and basic information of adolescents, such as height and weight, were collected through a general situation questionnaire. The sleep rhythm of adolescents was evaluated using the reduced version of the morningness-eveningness questionnaire. A total of 13374 participants (6629 females, accounting for 49.56%; the average age is 15.21 ± 1.433 years) were analyzed. Among them, the survey showed that 2942 adolescent were obesity, accounting for 22% and 2104 adolescent were overweight, accounting for 15.7%. Among them, 1692 male adolescents are obese, with an obesity rate of 25.1%, higher than 18.9% of female adolescents. There is a statistically significant difference between the three groups (χ2 = 231.522, P < 0.000). The obesity group has the smallest age (14.94 ± 1.442 years), and there is a statistical difference in age among the three groups (F = 69.996, P < 0.000).Obesity rates are higher among individuals who are not-only-child, have residential experience within six months, have family economic poverty, and have evening-type sleep (P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis shows a correlation between sleep rhythm and adolescent obesity. Evening-type sleep rhythm can increase the risk of obesity in male adolescents [1.250 (1.067-1.468)], but the effect on female obesity is not remarkable. Further logistic regression analysis in the overall population demonstrates that the interaction between evening-type sleep rhythm and the male gender poses a risk of adolescent obesity [1.122 (1.043-1.208)]. Among adolescents, the incidence of obesity in males is higher than in females. Evening-type sleep rhythm plays an important role in male obesity but has no significant effect on female obesity. Progressive analysis suggests an interactive effect of sleep rhythm and gender on adolescent obesity, and the combination of evening-type sleep and the male gender promotes the development of adolescent obesity. In formulating precautions against adolescent obesity, obesity in male adolescents with evening-type sleep should be a critical concern.

Relationship Between Central Obesity and The Risk of Hypertension in Obesity Adolescents

The increasing prevalence of central obesity in adolescents is accompanied by an increase in risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The study aims to analyze the relationship between central obesity and the risk of hypertension in obese adolescents, including both male and female subjects. This study was undertaken to provide opportunities for further exploration of the relationship between central obesity and hypertension in adolescents. The study was a retrospective observational study that utilized medical record data from a previous research project entitled "Polimorfisme Gen Adiponectin ADIPOQ +45 T&gt;G, ADIPOQ – 11377 C&gt;G dengan Kadar Adiponektin Pada Remaja Obesitas dan Resiko Sindrom Metabolik." This data was obtained from research conducted on obese adolescents aged 13-18 years in junior and senior high schools in Surabaya and Sidoarjo who met the criteria. The sample comprised 140 obese adolescents, who were then categorized into two groups: those without central obesity and those with central obesity. Statistical data were analyzed using SPSS with the Chi Square test. There is a very strong and significant relationship between central obesity and the risk of hypertension in obese adolescents (p = 0.000; r = 0.373); central obesity and the risk of hypertension in obese male adolescents (p = 0.001; r = 0.587); and central obesity and the risk of hypertension in obese female adolescents (p = 0.003; r = 0.300). The study found a significant relationship between central obesity and hypertension risk in obese adolescents. Adolescents with central obesity were 3.6 times more likely to develop hypertension than those without. Male adolescents with central obesity were 6.5 times more likely to develop hypertension than those without. Female adolescents with central obesity were 2.9 times more likely to develop hypertension

Comparison of Adolescent Obesity Risk Scale and Obesity Risk Scale to Determine Obesity Risk Knowledge in Parents

Comparison of Adolescent Obesity Risk Scale and Obesity Risk Scale to Determine Obesity Risk Knowledge in Parents

Abstract P127: Early Life Adversity and Obesity Risk in Adolescence: A 9-year Population-Based Prospective Cohort Study

Objective: We previously found that exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) is associated adolescent obesity. This study was designed to identify mediators of this association. We hypothesized that exposure to adverse experiences before 9 yrs would be associated with an increased risk of obesity at 18 yrs, and that behavioural and emotional factors would mediate this association. Methods: In 2007/2008, 8568 nine-year-olds were randomly sampled, enrolled in the Growing up in Ireland cohort study and followed in 18 yrs. The main exposures were 14 adverse experiences including four of the traditional ACEs before 9 years of age, self-reported by the primary care giver. The main outcome, body mass index (BMI) was measured objectively at 18 yrs. Mediators were self-reported daily activity, soda intake, self-image (Piers Harris) and behavioural difficulties (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire) at 9 and 13 yrs. Co-variates were household income and primary caregiver BMI. Structural equation models (SEMs) tested for mediators of the association between exposure to adverse experiences and ACEs before 9 yrs and BMI at 18 yrs. Results: Among the 6039 adolescents with complete data, 76% experienced any adversity, 14% experienced an ACE, 49% were female and 27% were overweight/obese at 18 yrs. BMI Z score was higher at ages 9 (0.47 vs 0.36, p &lt; 0.05) and 13 yrs ( 0.39 vs 0.29, p &lt; 0.05) in those exposed to an adverse experience or an ACE, compared to those unexposed. Behavioural difficulties were higher and self image was lower at all three time points for those exposed to any adversity or an ACE, compared to those unexposed. SEMs revealed that behavioural difficulties and self concept, but not exercise or soda intake, modestly mediate the association between exposure to adverse experiences and BMI at 18 years (Figure 1). Conclusion: Exposure to any adversity or ACEs are not directly associated BMI at 18 yrs. Behavioural difficulties and self-concept weakly mediate the association between adverse childhood experiences and BMI at 18yrs.

Self-regulation linking the quality of early parent-child relationship to adolescents' obesity risk and food consumption.

The quality of parent-child relationships has been examined as a contributor to children's healthy behaviours and weight outcomes, but the mechanisms accounting for associations remain understudied. This study examined whether the quality of early parent-child relationship is associated with adolescent obesity risk and whether self-regulation and (un)healthful food consumption mediate these associations. Employing structural equation modelling, two theory-driven models were examined using a large sample (N=1237) drawn from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development. Indicators of the quality of parent-child relationship included assessments of child attachment security and observational assessments of maternal sensitivity (15, 24, and 36 months). Self-regulation at 54 months was assessed using behavioural and computerized tasks and, at ages 11-12 and 15 years, using parental ratings of self-control. Food consumption was self-reported at age 11-12. Height and weight measures in early/middle childhood and adolescence were used to compute BMI z-scores. No direct associations between the quality of parent-child relationship and adolescent obesity risk were found in either model. Instead, child self-regulation was found to mediate the associations between the quality of parent-child relationship and both unhealthy food consumption and higher adolescent BMI status. The findings highlight how the nature of parent-child relationships impacts developing regulatory processes in children which, in turn, have implications for obesity-related behaviours and outcomes. Interventions to reduce childhood obesity should consider self-regulation skills across multiple domains, and early parenting practices that foster these capacities.

CORRELATION OF PARENTING PATTERNS WITH THE RISK OF OBESITY IN ADOLESCENTS IN SMK IT RAFLESIA DEPOK

Introduction: Obesity is a condition when an individual is overweight beyond normal weight. Adolescents have a risk of obesity which may occur into adulthood that it can have a negative impact on the development of adolescents both physically and psychologically. Parental feeding management has a significant relationship with adolescent food quality. This study aims to determine the relationship between parenting patterns with the risk of obesity in adolescents at SMK IT Raflesia Depok. Method: The method used was an observational quantitative research with analytic design and using a cross sectional study approach. The sample used was 102 samples obtained through the Stratified Random Sampling technique. Measurements were made using height and weight measurements and filling out a questionnaire using a structured instrument. Results: The results of the analysis with the chi square test showed that there was a relationship between parenting pattern with the risk of obesity in adolescents with p value = 0.018 (&lt;0.05). Conclusion: Parenting in accordance with the development of adolescence must also be considered for parents in an effort to overcome the risk of obesity. Keywords: adolescence; obesity risk; parenting patterns

Associations of Bedtime Schedules in Childhood with Obesity Risk in Adolescence

We investigated whether bedtime schedules and bedtimes in childhood were associated with obesity risk and adiposity in adolescence. We analysed the data of 12,645 singleton children classified as not obese at 7 years from the Millennium Cohort Study in the United Kingdom. Bedtimes and the regularity of bedtimes of 7-year-olds were reported by parents. Bio-electric impedance body fat percentage (BFP) measurements and obesity at 11 and 14 years were the considered outcomes. The International Obesity Task Force age- and sex-specific thresholds were used to define obesity. Obesity risk at 11 and 14 years was higher among children with never-regular bedtimes at 7 years compared with those with always-regular bedtimes (risk ratio, RR, 2.8 (95% CI, 1.8–1.4) and 2.3 (95% CI, 1.5–3.6), respectively). An increasing irregularity in childhood bedtime was associated with an increasing risk of obesity at both 11 and 14 years in a dose–response manner (p trend &lt; 0.001; and p trend = 0.002, respectively). BFP at 11 years increased by 1.1% (95% CI, 0.8–1.5) for boys and 1.0% (95% CI, 0.6–1.4) for girls for every hour delay in childhood bedtime. Irregular bedtime schedules and later bedtimes in childhood were associated with an increased risk of obesity in early- and mid-adolescence in a dose–response manner. There was marginal, but significant, increases in BFP during adolescence for children with later bedtimes.

0061 Associations Between Sleep, Adverse Childhood Experiences and High Body Mass Index in a National Sample of Adolescents

Abstract Introduction Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are independently associated with short sleep duration (SD) and an increased obesity risk that tracks into adulthood. Similarly, substantial research has demonstrated an association between deficient sleep and overweight/obesity in adolescents. Not known is how sleep duration and ACEs may interact in association with obesity risk in adolescents. This study explored ACEs as a moderator between sleep duration and obesity risk in a national sample of adolescents. Methods Using the National Survey of Children’s Health 2017-2018 dataset, we included adolescents (10-17 yrs) with available SD and Body Mass Index (BMI) data. Parents reported adolescent’s SD, and number of ACEs. We classified adolescents as overweight/obese if they had a BMI ≥85th percentile. Using a stepwise approach and accounting for complex survey design, logistic regression (STATA 16.0) estimated the interaction between SD and the number of ACEs in adolescents, controlling for selected covariates (i.e., demographics, social determinants, sleep regularity, exercise, and mental/physical health outcomes). Results In a sample of 26,013 adolescents (mean age=13.81, SD=2.29; 52% male, 70% White, Non-Hispanic), 27% were classified as overweight/obese, 47% had &amp;gt;1 ACE, and 34% had SD &amp;lt;8-10 hours/night. Accounting for covariates and ACEs, every hour increase in SD was associated with 6% decrease in the odds of overweight/obesity (OR=0.94, p=0.04). There was a significant interaction between SD and ACEs. Compared with having no ACEs, the association between longer sleep and lower odds of high BMI was weakened or even reversed if an adolescent experienced one ACE (OR=1.18, p=0.02) or two or more ACEs (OR=1.13, p=0.04). Conclusion Adolescence may be a critical period in the life course for the interaction between SD and ACEs on obesity risk. Increasing SD is a known intervention target to decrease obesity risk, yet in children experiencing one or more ACE, this protective role may be dampened. Our results suggest that sleep and cardiometabolic intervention efforts should target adolescents who may be living within risky childhood environments. Support (If Any) None.

Use of Tri-Ponderal Mass Index in Predicting Late Adolescent Overweight and Obesity in Children Aged 7–18

BackgroundCurrent reference systems using body mass index (BMI) or BMI z-scores to estimate overweight and obesity risk in adolescents are complex to use. An easy and effective measure and cutoffs such as the tri-ponderal mass index (TMI) are in need for parents and grassroots health workers.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to test whether cohort-derived TMI could be efficient for obesity prediction and to find out whether simplified TMI cutoffs could be used in the prediction.MethodsData were obtained from a 12-year retrospective growth cohort generated in Guangdong, China. A total of 17,815 children (53.9% were boys) with 151,879 follow-ups conducted annually between 2005 and 2016 were involved. Late adolescent overweight and obesity were defined based on the BMI z-score (WHO 2007 growth reference) of the last measurement, which happened at the mean age of 17.2 (SD: 0.7) for both sexes. Analysis of the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curves was used to find the most appropriate cutoff.ResultsIn total, 9,604 boys and 8,211 girls were included in the final analysis. TMI cutoffs performed better than WHO BMI cutoffs in the prediction of late adolescent overweight and obesity, with all corresponding AUCs <0.7. The simplified TMI cutoffs used to predict late adolescent overweight and obesity were 13.1 and 14.1 kg/m3 for children aged 7 to 15 years, respectively, with the corresponding AUCs ranging from 0.7315 (standard error, SE: 0.0132) to 0.9367 (SE: 0.0052). The cutoffs for predicting late adolescent overweight and obesity for children aged 16 to 18 years were 14.0 and 15.8 kg/m3, respectively, with the corresponding AUCs ranging from 0.9189 (SE: 0.0048) to 0.9841 (95% CI: 0.0027).ConclusionTri-ponderal mass index with the ease of administration in practice could be a promising alternative screening tool to BMI for the prediction of late adolescent overweight and obesity.

A cross-sectional study examining self-reported anthropometric measurements with adolescents' nutrition attitudes, obesity awareness and diet quality indices during the pandemic

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between adolescents' nutritional attitudes, obesity awareness, and diet quality with their self-reported anthropometric measurements taken during the COVID-19 pandemic. Design and methodsThis cross-sectional type of study was conducted in a district in the south of Turkey. The research was carried out online with 907 adolescents who agreed to participate voluntarily. ResultsAmong the adolescents, 28.5% considered themselves overweight, and 32.1% were currently trying to lose weight. According to BMI, 16.1% were affected by overweight/obesity. Adolescents' nutritional attitudes and obesity awareness levels were moderate, while their KIDMED nutritional habits were also moderate. In this study, a negative relationship was found between the adolescents' ASHN mean scores and their body weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, neck circumference, waist/hip ratio and waist/height ratio measurements; and between their OAS mean scores and their body weight, waist circumference, waist/hip ratio and waist/height ratio measurements; and between their KIDMED index scores and their waist/height ratio measurements (p < 0.001). ConclusionsThe rate of adolescents who perceive themselves as overweight is higher than the results obtained from the measurement values. BMI levels and other anthropometric measurement values of adolescents with positive nutrition attitudes and physical activity behaviours are also positively affected. Practice implicationsThis study may have a significant impact on the formulation and implementation of interventions to prevent obesity and increase physical activity for school health nurses. Since the pandemic is still continuing, healthcare providers must stress the risk of obesity in adolescence.

Leisure-time and study-time Internet use and dietary risk factors in Korean adolescents

Prolonged screen time is associated with an increased risk of obesity in adolescents. However, little is known about whether Internet use is also associated with dietary risk factors including consumption of obesogenic foods. In this study, we examined the associations of leisure-time and study-time Internet use with dietary risk factors in Korean adolescents using nationally representative survey data. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis among 54,416 middle and high school students in the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey 2015. Participants were asked to report the average duration of leisure-time and study-time Internet use, days of skipping breakfast, and frequency of fruit, vegetable, instant noodle, fast-food, chip/cracker, and sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intakes. We performed multivariable logistic regression to estimate ORs and 95% CIs for the relations between duration of Internet use and dietary risk factors, accounting for complex survey sampling and adjusting for potential confounders. Prolonged leisure-time Internet use (≥241 compared with 1-60min/d) was associated with higher prevalence of frequent skipping breakfast (OR: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.29, 1.49), low intakes of fruits (OR: 1.27; 95% CI: 1.18, 1.36) and vegetables (OR: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.33, 1.55), and high intakes of instant noodles (OR: 1.87; 95% CI: 1.74, 2.02), fast-food (OR: 1.63; 95% CI: 1.49, 1.78), chips/crackers (OR: 1.37; 95% CI: 1.24, 1.52), and SSBs (OR: 1.63; 95% CI: 1.52, 1.75). Prolonged study-time Internet use (≥121 compared with 1-60min/d) was inversely associated with prevalence of low fruit (OR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.88, 1.00) and vegetable (OR: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.85, 0.98) intakes but was positively associated with high intakes of instant noodles (OR: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.19) and chips/crackers (OR: 1.13; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.23). The overall associations remained consistent in analyses stratified by sex, grade, region, parental co-residence, perceived household income, perceived stress level, physical activity, and obesity status. Our data suggest that prolonged Internet use, particularly during leisure time, is associated with less healthful dietary behaviors in Korean adolescents.

Identification of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Obese Adolescents With Metabolic Syndrome.

Objective: There are studies that show different associations between metabolic syndrome (MS) and cardiovascular disease in adolescent. This study is aimed to identify probable cardio-vascular risk factors in obese adolescents with MS.Methods: Sixty-five obese adolescents with a body mass index (BMI) > 95 percentile were enrolled and divided into two groups with MS or without MS. Left ventricular mass (LVM), left ventricular mass index, ejection fraction, epicardial fat thickness, visceral fat thickness (VFT) and carotid intima-media thickness were measured. Anthropometric and blood chemistry parameters were estimated. Above parameters were compared based on presence or absence of MS.Results: The prevalence of MS was 23.1% in obese adolescents. LVM showed significant correlation with body mass index (BMI), hip circumference (HC), fat mass, total cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) and waist circumference (WC). VFT significantly correlated with WC, BMI, hip circumflex (HC), obesity index (OI), fat %, fat mass, insulin, TC, LDL-C, insulin, triglyceride (TG), glucose, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and leptin.Conclusions: Screening for the MS in overweight adolescents may help to predict risk of future cardiovascular disease. These data suggest that LVMI and VFT are significant parameters for predicting cardiovascular disease risk in obese adolescents.