Risk Factors For Urinary Incontinence Research Articles

Synergistic interaction between hyperlipidemia and obesity as a risk factor for stress urinary incontinence in Americans

Urinary incontinence is a common disease among middle-aged and elderly women, which not only affects the physical and mental health of patients, but also brings a great medical burden to society. Obesity is a known risk factor for urinary incontinence and is the most common secondary cause of hyperlipidemia. Most obese patients also suffer from hyperlipidemia in the clinic. However, few studies have explored the role of hyperlipidemia in women with urinary incontinence. Using data from the 2005–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), we aimed to evaluated the independent associations of high body mass index and hyperlipidemia with urinary incontinence in Americans by conducting a weighted multivariate logistic regression model. Additive interactions were also assessed using the relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI), attributed proportion of interaction (AP) and synergy index (S). This study demonstrated that hyperlipidemia was associated with a higher risk of stress urinary incontinence among women with obesity (OR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.03–2.25), and there was a significant synergistic effect of hyperlipidemia and obesity on stress urinary incontinence(adjusted RERI: 3.75, 95% CI 0.30–7.20; adjusted AP: 0.67, 95% CI 0.54–0.80; adjusted S: 5.49, 95% CI 4.15–7.27). Moreover, fasting serum triglyceride lipids were the most relevant blood lipid indicator for the risk of stress urinary incontinence, especially among obese women younger than 50 years old, which contributes to the development of more refined lipid control protocols for patients with urinary incontinence in different age groups.

Incidence and predictors of urinary incontinence rates after thulium fiber laser enucleation of prostate performed by single surgeon

ABSTRACT Purpose We aimed to evaluate the predictive clinical and operative risk factors for urinary incontinence (UI) rates following thulium fiber enucleation of benign prostate hyperplasia (ThuFLEP). Materials and methods We conducted a retrospective cohort review of a prospectively maintained database for patients who underwent ThuFLEP between 2021 and 2023 in our university clinic performed by a single surgeon with high experience (more than 3000 endoscopic enucleation). To perform the operation, we used a thulium fiber laser Fiberlase U3 (IRE Polus ltd, Fryazino, Russia) with operating modes of 1.5 J and 40 Hz 60 W. Postoperative UI rates and risk factors following ThuFLEP were assessed for three follow-up intervals (up to 1 months, from 1 to 3 months and after 3 months post-ThuFLEP). Statistical analysis was conducted using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Results Out of total 578 patients who underwent ThuFLEP, the study included 381 patients with full information about continence status. Long-term UI (more than 3 months) were found only in 1.6% cases with 0.8% for stress UI, 0.3% for urge UI and 0.5% for mixed UI. Univariate logistic regression analysis has shown that higher total laser energy (OR = 1.009; 95% CI = 1.001–1.018; p = 0.036) and enucleation technique (OR = 0.272; 95% CI = 0.113–0.656; p = 0.004 in favor of En-bloc ThuFLEP) were associated with UI overall, while at multivariable analysis only En-bloc ThuFLEP was protective factor for UI (OR = 0.302; 95%CI = 0.123–0.739; p = 0.009). For short-term UI (less than 1 months) early sphincter release was found as protective factor at both uni- and multivariate analysis compare to longer UI. Conclusion Short-term UI up to 3 months following ThuFLEP is associated with early sphincter release, while overall UI rates are related with enucleation technique (preferable En-bloc) and total laser energy (preferable lower energy). The surgeon should take all these risk factors into account before choosing the technique of BPH surgical treatment.

Incidence and influencing factors of urinary incontinence in stroke patients: A meta-analysis.

The incidence of stroke in China ranks first in the world and is the leading cause of death and disability in adults. Urinary incontinence is an independent risk factor leading to poor prognosis of stroke. However, studies on the incidence of urinary incontinence in stroke patients and its influencing factors are different, fluctuate greatly, and there is no unified basis. To quantitatively analyze the incidence of urinary incontinence in stroke patients and its related influencing factors, and further make public health strategic decisions to reduce the occurrence of adverse outcomes. Computer searches were conducted in PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, CLNAHL Complete, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Biomedical database(CBM), Wan Fang Database, VIP Database, observational studies such as cohort studies, case-control studies or cross-sectional studies on the incidence or influencing factors of urinary incontinence in stroke patients from the establishment of the database to the publication in August 2023. Studies selection, quality evaluation and data extraction were conducted independently by two researchers according to the established search strategy. Stata 14.0 statistical software was used for meta-analysis. A total of 21 manuscripts were included, with a cumulative sample size of 7327 cases, including 2887 patients with urinary incontinence. Meta-analysis results showed that the incidence of urinary incontinence in stroke patients was 38% [95% confidence interval (34%, 41%)], including married patients and lacunar infarction were the protective factors for urinary incontinence in stroke patients, while age, chaperone, low educational level, chronic cough, lesion sites (parietal lobe, frontal lobe, and temporal lobe), stroke type (cerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage and cerebral hemorrhage complicated with subarachnoid hemorrhage), dysfunction (aphasia dyslexia, dysphagia, eye movement abnormalities, leg muscle disorders), post-stroke depression, the higher the NIHSS score, the lower the Bachmann index (BI) score, OCSP classification (total anterior circulation infarction) and other 11 items were risk factors for urinary incontinence in stroke patients. The incidence of urinary incontinence in stroke patients is 38%. Marriage and lacunar infarction are the protective factors of urinary incontinence. Age, carer, low educational level, chronic cough, lesion site (parietal, frontal and temporal lobes), stroke type (cerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, cerebral hemorrhage combined with subarachnoid hemorrhage), dysfunction (aphasia and dysarthria syndrome, dysphagia, eye movement abnormalities, leg muscle disorders), post-stroke depression, and higher NIHSS score, Lower BI score and OCSP classification (total anterior circulation infarction) were risk factors for urinary incontinence in stroke patients.

Inguinal hernia leads to worse immediate urinary continence after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy.

Patients with inguinal hernia (IH) may have voiding dysfunction and weak urethra-stabilizing periurethral fascial tissues, contributing to urinary incontinence. This study aimed to review the association between IH and urinary continence after robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). This single-institution retrospective study included 251 consecutive cases of RARP between April 2019 and June 2022. Patients with concurrent IH or a history of adult IH repair were examined. The urine loss rate (ULR), defined as 24-h urine loss volume divided by the total urine volume immediately after urinary catheter removal (i.e., 6 or 7 postoperative days), was compared between the groups with (n = 33) and without IH (n = 214). Possible contributing factors for ULR were assessed, including age, body mass index (BMI), after benign prostatic hyperplasia surgery, prostate weight, and nerve-sparing. ULR was compared intergroup after propensity score matching countering selection biases. Patients with IH were older (71.3 versus. 66.8years, p < 0.01), had lower BMI (22.8 versus. 24.3, p < 0.01), and had higher ULR (14.5% versus. 5.1%, p < 0.01). In a multiple linear regression analysis (adjusted R2 = 0.084), IH (p < 0.01) was an independent contributing factor for ULR besides advancing age (p < 0.03). After propensity score matching adjusted for patient's age and nerve-sparing, patients with IH had higher ULR (14.1% versus. 5.7%, p < 0.03) as well. This study first reported that IH may be one of the risk factors of urinary incontinence after RARP.

Correlation Between Insulin Resistance and Urinary Incontinence in Female Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are at a high risk of developing urinary incontinence; however, its pathogenesis is unclear. The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between insulin resistance and urinary incontinence and its severity in female patients with T2DM. A total of 366 women with T2DM aged ≥18 years were enrolled in this study. Insulin resistance was evaluated by the homeostasis model insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index and urinary incontinence was assessed by the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short Form (ICIQ-SF). All subjects were divided into four groups according to HOMA-IR quartiles. Logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between insulin resistance and urinary incontinence and its severity. Among the 366 patients, 186 (50.8%) had urinary incontinence. The prevalence of urinary incontinence increased significantly with HOMA-IR quartiles (p < 0.001). Adjusted logistic regression analysis showed that compared with HOMA-IR ≤ 1.76, 2.81 ≤ HOMA-IR ≤ 4.27 was associated with a significantly increased risk of moderate incontinence (OR = 2.197, 95% CI 1.031-4.683, p = 0.041), and HOMA-IR ≥ 4.28 was associated with a significantly increased risk of severe incontinence (OR = 5.699, 95% CI 1.685-19.276, p = 0.005). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that HOMA-IR was the independent risk factor for urinary incontinence (p < 0.001). Higher levels of insulin resistance are associated with urinary incontinence and its severity in female patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

The prevalence of urinary incontinence and risk factors in menopausal women in Turkey: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

AbstractThis study was conducted to determine the prevalence and risk factors of urinary incontinence in menopausal women. This systematic review and meta‐analysis followed PRISMA and COSMOS‐E guidelines. The searches were conducted on 1–15 April, 2022 using PubMed, EBSCO, Embase, PsycINFO, DOAJ, Web of Science, DergiPark, Scopus, Turkish Medline, Turkish Citation Index, TR Index and National Thesis Center search engines. The keywords ‘menopause, climacteric, urinary incontinence, risk factors, prevalence’ were used in the searches. The risk of bias was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Checklist for cross‐sectional studies developed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Data were synthesized by meta‐analysis, meta‐regression and narrative methods. Eleven studies published between 2012 and 2022 were included. The total sample size of the studies was 2531. In this meta‐analysis, the estimated rate of urinary incontinence in women aged 40–65 years was 46.9% (95% CI: 0.346–0.595), and this result was statistically significantly affected by the moderator variables risk of bias (Q = 8.76, p = 0.013) and urinary incontinence diagnostic tools (Q = 27.60, p &lt; 0.001). The estimated stress urinary incontinence rate was 19.1% (95% CI: 0.130–0.271), urge urinary incontinence rate was 5.1% (95% CI: 0.020–0.124) and the mixed urinary incontinence rate was 13.4% (95% CI: 0.092–0.192). The risk factors affecting urinary incontinence were found to be advanced age, menopause, diabetes mellitus, constipation, obesity, history of urinary incontinence during pregnancy and the postpartum period, mode of delivery, four or more births, urinary tract infection, family history of urinary incontinence and genetic predisposition. This meta‐analysis revealed that urinary incontinence and its types are highly prevalent in women aged 40–65 years and that the prevalence is influenced by the quality of research and the type of diagnostic tool used in addition to many risk factors. Planning and offering appropriate health care services based on these results could contribute to the protection and improvement of women's health.

Association of Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Diabetes with Urinary Incontinence and Chronic Kidney Disease: Analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2003-2020.

Diabetes and obesity, components of the metabolic syndrome (MetS), are risk factors for urinary incontinence (UI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). We interrogated US population-based data to explore independent, sex-specific associations between non-diabetic MetS, with and without obesity, and UI and/or CKD. We analyzed data from 8586 males and 8420 females ≥20 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine associations of UI or CKD with diabetes and 4 non-diabetic obesity/metabolic phenotypes: non-MetS/non-obese, MetS/non-obese, non-MetS/obese, and MetS/obese. Multinominal logistic regression models were used to assess associations of co-occurring UI/CKD with obesity/metabolic phenotypes. Male MetS/obese participants had increased odds of any UI (1.25; 95% CI 1.00-1.57) and urgency UI (UUI) (1.36; 1.03-1.80), compared with non-MetS/non-obese participants. Female MetS/obese participants had increased odds of any UI (2.16; 95% CI 1.76-2.66), stress UI (1.51; 1.21-1.87), and mixed UI (1.66; 1.31-2.11) compared with non-MetS/non-obese participants. The odds of co-occurring UI/CKD were increased relative to either condition alone in persons with diabetes, and in males with MetS/obese phenotypes and females with MetS phenotypes as compared to same sex participants with neither obesity nor MetS. We found novel associations between MetS/obese and UUI in males without diabetes, and between SUI and both MetS and obesity in females without diabetes. Odds estimates for UI/CKD were increased by existing obesity or MetS as compared to those for UI or CKD alone. Improved understanding of modifiable factors associated with UI will inform prevention and treatment opportunities.

A scoping review of risk factors for urinary incontinence in older men

BackgroundMost epidemiological studies have not systematically identified or categorized risk factors for urinary incontinence (UI) in older men, despite a higher prevalence than in younger men. Considering the burden of UI, an understanding of risk factors can inform cost-effective prevention/treatment programs. This scoping review aimed to identify and categorise risk factors for UI in older men, identify gaps in the evidence, and opportunities for future research.MethodsThe Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) method for scoping reviews guided the conduct and reporting of this review alongside the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses extension for scoping reviews checklist. JBI’s Population, Concept, and Context approach framed the inclusion criteria (all evidence sources on UI risk factors that included older men [65 +]). We employed JBI’s three-step search strategy, which included a limited initial search in Ovid MEDLINE, a detailed comprehensive database search, and a search of reference lists of included studies, Google Scholar and grey literature. There were no restrictions on language, study type, or publication date. Two independent reviewers screened, selected, and extracted eligible studies. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and qualitative content analysis.ResultsForty-seven articles that met the inclusion criteria identified 98 risk factors across six categories. Behavioural risk factors, reported by only two studies, were the least investigated of all the categories, whereas medical factors/diseases were the most investigated. No genetic factors were documented. The top five risk factors were increasing age/advanced age (n = 12), Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (n = 11), Diabetes Mellitus (n = 11), Detrusor overactivity (n = 10), limitation in physical function/ADL disability (n = 10), increased Body Mass Index (BMI)/overweight/obesity (n = 8), Dementia (n = 8), and Parkinson’s disease (n = 7).ConclusionThere is a dearth of evidence to describe the role behavioural risk factors have in UI in older men. These factors may play a role in health promotion and disease prevention in this area.RegistrationA protocol detailing the methods was developed and published, and is registered in the Open Science Framework [Feb 07 2023; https://osf.io/xsrge/].

Prevalence and associated risk factors of urinary incontinence among menopausal women living in rural area

Background: Urinary incontinence is social plus hygiene problem. It is one of the common symptoms attributable to hormonal changes during menopause which significantly affects quality of life of women. This study was aimed to estimate the prevalence, risk factors of urinary incontinence and its impact on everyday activities.&#x0D; Method: This study was carried out in rural areas of Ahmednagar district. Two hundred women above 40 years of age were included. Incontinence was assessed using international consultation on incontinence questionnaire.&#x0D; Results: Statistical analysis was done using spss, where the mean was 48.12±8.9 years, one hundred thirteen females were postmenopausal and eighty-seven were premenopausal.&#x0D; Conclusion: A moderate prevalence of urinary incontinence among rural area. Multi parity, occupation, hysterectomy, comorbidities were identified risk factors for incontinence. Significant difference was found in occupation, comorbidities, parity and hysterectomy in studied population

Prevalence and risk factors for urinary incontinence up to 2 years postpartum: a cross-sectional population-based study.

Urinary incontinence (UI) is common in the postpartum period; however, most studies focus on the early postpartum period and assess prevalence at only one or two time points. We hypothesized that UI would be prevalent across the first 2 years postpartum. Our secondary objective was to evaluate risk factors for postpartum UI among a nationally representative, contemporary sample. This cross-sectional, population-based study used National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011-2018) data for parous women within 24months following delivery. Prevalence of UI, UI subtypes, and severity were estimated. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds (aOR) of UI for exposures of interest. Among 560 postpartum women, prevalence of any UI was 43.5%. Stress UI was most common (28.7%), and most women (82.8%) experienced mild symptoms. There was no significant change in prevalence of UI across the 24months following delivery (R2 = 0.004). Individuals with postpartum UI tended to be older (30.3 ± 0.5 versus 28.8 ± 0.5years) and had higher BMI (31.1 ± 0.6 versus 28.9 ± 0.6). In multivariate analysis, odds of postpartum UI were higher for women who had had a prior vaginal delivery (aOR 2.0, 95% CI: 1.3-3.3), prior delivery of a baby weighing 9 lb (4 kg) or more (aOR 2.5, 95% CI: 1.3-4.8), or who reported current smoking (aOR 1.5, 95% CI: 1.0-2.3). During the first 2 years postpartum 43.5% of women report UI, with relatively stable prevalence over this period. This high prevalence supports screening for UI after delivery regardless of risk factors.

Prevalence and risk factors for urinary incontinence in the first two years postpartum: A cross-sectional population-based study

We aimed to describe the prevalence of urinary incontinence (UI) and to evaluate risk factors for UI in first two years postpartum.

Risk factors for urinary incontinence in patients undergoing radical robot-assisted prostatectomy

Introduction. Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common cancers among men, and the tactic to treat this disease stage-depends directly. The “gold” standard for localized PCa is radical robot-assisted prostatectomy (RARP). Patients often have excessive surgery requirements and are concerned about the development of postoperative complications. One of the most frequent functional complications after this operation is urinary incontinence (UI), whose formation mechanism is not fully understood. Clinical studies have described many UI predisposing factors, but the results obtained are often contradictory, which requires a repeated and deeper study of the issue.Objective. To identify predisposing factors for urinary incontinence in patients undergoing radical robot-assisted prostatectomy.Materials &amp; methods. The search results for the scientific databases PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library and PEDro, Wang-fang Database and CNKI, Edline were analyzed for the queries "robot-assisted prostatectomy", "radical prostatectomy", "incontinence", "predictors", "urinary incontinence".Results. The predisposing factors to UI after RARP were studied. The review discusses and illustrates in detail all known predisposing factors for UI and shows the inconsistency of the data obtained by different researchers, which once again emphasizes the need for further study of this issue.Conclusion. Despite the long history of studying postoperative complications of RARP, reliable and consistent data on all the risks of UI after RARP have not yet been obtained. Therefore, this literature review summarizes and analyzes the results of the latest research in recent years.

Male Incontinence - An Overview and its Relationship to Benign Prostatic Enlargement

Male Incontinence - An Overview and its Relationship to Benign Prostatic Enlargement Abstract: Male urinary incontinence is a common disease in elderly men and can lead to a significantly reduced quality of life. Reported prevalence of urinary incontinence increases up to 32% in men over 85 years. Risk factors for urinary incontinence are prostate surgery, advanced age, immobility, urinary tract infections, diabetes mellitus, cognitive disorders, and neurological disease. Urinary incontinence is divided into three subtypes: stress urinary incontinence, urge urinary incontinence, and mixed urinary incontinence. Benign prostatic obstruction can lead to a detrusor overactivity and a further urge incontinence. However, iatrogenic injury or a preexisting weakness of the external urinary sphincter are more common and can lead to stress urinary incontinence in men following prostate surgery. A correct treatment can significantly improve symptoms in men suffering from urinary incontinence. Though, every treatment plan must be tailored to the individual patient.

Urinary incontinence and quality of life in high-performance swimmers: An observational study

Each day more women around the world practice high impact physical activities and this may be a risk factor for urinary incontinence (UI) in young. We verified the prevalence of UI and the impact in quality of life (QoL) in high-performance swimmers, through a cross-sectional observational study with 9 high performance swimmers and 9 sedentary women who responded the International Consultation on incontinence Questionnaire - Short Form (ICIQ-SF), participated in a functional evaluation of pelvic floor muscles with bidigital palpation and pad test. We verifed that was present in 78% of high-performance swimmers, and the quality of life was significantly worse (p =.037) when compared to sedentary women. These findings led us to conclude that presence of UI affects the quality of life, even if it is not a factor of abandonment of the sport.

Female Urinary Incontinence: Frequency, Risk Factors, and Impact on the Quality of Life of Pregnant Pakistani Women.

To determine the frequency and associated risk factors of urinary incontinence (UI), and its effect on the quality of life (QOL) of pregnant Pakistani women. This was a cross-sectional study of 309 pregnant women, 16-40 weeks gestation, age 18- 45 years, at the Aga Khan University Hospital Karachi, between August 2019 and February 2020. Data were obtained using the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence-Short form (ICIQ-UI-SF). The frequency of UI was 63.1%. Stress UI was the commonest type (53.0%) followed by urgency (17.5%) and mixed UI (11.7%). In majority of women, it occurred in small amounts, once a week with a very severe impact on QoL in 24.91% of women, affecting sexual relation the most. Risk factors for UI in pregnancy were age > 35 years (p < 0.02), gestation > 37 weeks (p< 0.00), higher body mass index and family history of UI (p< 0.00), previous instrumental vaginal delivery (P < 0.002), cough, constipation and strenuous job (p< 0.00), and lack of pelvic floor muscle exercises (p <0.03). UI is a common problem in pregnant women in Pakistan. It affects sexual functions the most, with a severe impact on the QOL, however, it commonly remains unreported. Thus the health care providers need to enquire all pregnant women on this issue, especially those at risk, and educate them on the available management options.

Body mass index, waist circumference, and urinary incontinence in midlife: A follow-up of mothers in the Danish National Birth Cohort.

Obesity is a modifiable risk factor for urinary incontinence, yet few studies have investigated how waist circumference as compared to body mass index (BMI) influences the risk of urinary incontinence. To estimate how BMI and waist circumference associates with risk of urinary incontinence in midlife and determine which of the two is the strongest predictor of urinary incontinence. Cohort study among mothers in the Danish National Birth Cohort. Weight and waist circumference were self-reported 7 years after cohort entry. Symptoms of urinary incontinence in midlife were self-reported using the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (ICIQ-FLUTS) and analyzed continuously and as presence or absence of any, stress (SUI), urgency (UUI), and mixed (MUI) urinary incontinence. Linear and log binomial regressions were used to calculate mean differences and risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Restricted cubic splines were generated to explore nonlinear relationships. Among 27 254 women at a mean age of 44.2 years, any urinary incontinence was reported by 32.1%, SUI by 20.9%, UUI by 2.4%, and MUI by 8.6%. For all outcomes, increases in risk were similar with higher BMI and waist circumference. The estimates of association were strongest for MUI (RR 1.10, 95% CI 1.08;1.12 and RR 1.12, 95% CI 1.10;1.14 for half a standard deviation increase in BMI and waist circumference, respectively). While increases in risk of the other outcomes were seen across the entire range of BMI and waist circumference, the risk of SUI rose until BMI 28 kg/m2 (waist circumference 95 cm), and then fell slightly. Symptoms of urinary incontinence and prevalence of any urinary incontinence, SUI, UUI, and MUI increased with higher BMI and waist circumference. Self-reported BMI and waist circumference were equally predictive of urinary incontinence.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Urinary Incontinence among Women

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Urinary Incontinence among Women

Risk factors for urinary incontinence during pregnancy among nulliparous women in the United Arab Emirates.

Urinary incontinence (UI), which affects the quality of life, is associated with different risk factors during pregnancy. We aimed to study the risk factors related to UI during pregnancy among nulliparous women in the UAE. This is a prospective descriptive survey, which included all nulliparous women after the first 24 weeks' gestation from 2012 to 2014 in a teaching hospital in the UAE. Participants were interviewed face-to-face, using a structured and pre-tested questionnaire and divided into 2 groups: those with UI and those without it. Factors which were statistically significant (P < .05) between the 2 groups were entered into an logistic regression backward logistic regression model to define the factors predicting UI. Five hundred one participants were interviewed. UI occurred in 106/501 (21.2%). The 2-sample comparison analysis showed that urinary tract infection (UTI) (47.2% vs 34.4%, P = .018) and its number of attacks (P = .007), chronic cough (28.3% vs 13.9%, P < .001) and chronic constipation (34.9% vs 19%, P < .001) were statistically significant between those who had UI and those who did not. The logistic regression backward logistic regression model showed that the risk factors which predicted UI were chronic constipation (P = .003), chronic cough (P = .008), and the number of UTI attacks (P = .036). UI affects one-fifth of nulliparous women in the UAE. Chronic cough, constipation, and repeated UTI infection, significantly increase the odds of UI during pregnancy. Addressing these risk factors may reduce the risk of UI.

Multimorbidity increased the risk of urinary incontinence in community-dwelling adults: Results from the English Longitudinal Study On Ageing

Multimorbidity (MM) is common in older people. Recent evidence, largely from cross-sectional studies, suggests that MM could be a risk factor for urinary incontinence (UI). For this reason, we aimed to explore the association between MM at baseline and incident UI, and which individual chronic medical conditions/factors might explain the association between MM and UI, using data from the English Longitudinal Study on Ageing, during ten years of follow-up. MM was defined as having two or more chronic medical conditions; the presence of UI was assessed using self-reported information. A logistic regression analysis, adjusted for baseline potential confounders, was used to assess the association between MM and UI, reporting the data as odds ratios (ORs) with their 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). Of 9432 initial participants, 6742 (mean age: 64.8 years; 53.2 % females) without UI at baseline were included in the analysis. MM was present at baseline in 48.8 % of the participants. People with MM had a significantly higher cumulative incidence of UI than their counterparts, leading to a significantly higher risk of UI also after adjusting for potential confounders at baseline (OR = 1.30; 95 % CI: 1.14–1.48). Among the medical conditions, only three were significantly associated with incident UI, namely asthma, Parkinson's disease, and psychiatric disorders. In conclusion, MM at baseline was associated with an increased risk of UI during ten years of follow-up, suggesting that UI is more likely to be present in people with several chronic medical conditions.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Urinary Incontinence among Elderly Women Residing in Kochi Corporation: A Community-based Cross-sectional Study.

A study was done on the prevalence, risk factors, and treatment-seeking behavior of elderly women with urinary incontinence (UI) residing in Kochi Corporation, Kerala, India. The community-based cross-sectional study was done in Kochi on 525 elderly women aged 60 years and above, selected by cluster random sampling, after getting consent, using a questionnaire. The overall prevalence of UI was found to be 64% (95% confidence interval (CI) 59.5-67.6). The most common type of UI was found to be the urge type of incontinence (38.3%, 95% CI, 34.14-42.45). Chronic cough (odds ratio [OR] 1.754, 95% 1.170-2.631), chronic constipation (OR: 1.563, 95% CI: 1.030-2.373), obesity (OR: 1.591, 95% CI: 1.110-2.280), diabetes (OR: 1.517, 95% CI: 1.036-2.222), and taking medications for diabetes and hypertension (OR: 1.476, 95% 1.008-2.163) were found to be risk factors of UI. Multiparity (OR: 1.757, 95% CI: 1.073-2.876), delivery at home (OR: 1.761, 95% CI: 1.205-2.575), undergoing any pelvic surgery (OR: 1.504, 95% CI: 1.052-2.150) were the gynecological and obstetric factors associated with UI. Very few community-based studies are available on UI among elderly women. The primary objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence of UI among elderly women residing in the Kochi corporation. The secondary objective was to determine the risk factors of UI. A community-based cross-sectional study was done in the Kochi Corporation of Ernakulam district. A pilot study was conducted and based on this, the sample size was computed to be 72.41. Data from 525 individuals were collected using cluster random sampling. A questionnaire for urinary incontinence diagnosis questionnaire was used for assessing the type of UI. Percentage prevalence, Chi-square test. The overall prevalence of UI was found to be 64%. The most common type of UI was found to be the urge type of incontinence. Chronic cough, chronic constipation, obesity, diabetes, taking medications for diabetes, and hypertension were found to be risk factors of UI. Multiparity, delivery at home, and undergoing any pelvic surgery were the gynecological and obstetric factors associated with UI. The prevalence of UI among elderly women in this study was found to be 63.9%. The most common type of UI was found to be urge type of incontinence 38.3%, followed by mixed incontinence 32.3%, and stress incontinence 29.3%. Chronic cough (OR: 1.754), chronic constipation (OR: 1.563), obesity (OR: 1.591), diabetes (OR: 1.517), and taking medications for diabetes and hypertension (OR: 1.476) were found to be risk factors for UI. Multiparity (OR: 1.757), delivery at home (OR: 1.761) and undergoing any pelvic surgery (OR: 1.504) were the gynecological and obstetric factors associated with UI among elderly women in this study. Chronic cough (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.64, 95% CI: 1.08-2.50), obesity (aOR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.13-2.39), pelvic surgery (aOR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.13-2.39), and delivery at home (aOR: 1.89, 95% CI: 1.27-2.82) were found to be independent risk factors for UI among elderly women.