Risk Factors Physical Inactivity Research Articles

Prevalence and risk factors of physical inactivity among middle-aged and older Chinese in Shenzhen: a cross-sectional study

ObjectiveInvestigations on physical inactivity are common around the world; however, little is known about the status of physical inactivity in mainland China. The aim of this study was to examine...

Falls and Physical Inactivity in Patients with Gastrointestinal Cancer and Hand–Foot Syndrome

Objective:This study aims to ascertain the incidence and association of falls and physical inactivity in patients with gastrointestinal cancer and hand–foot syndrome (HFS) after receiving chemotherapy or targeted therapy.Methods:The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 50 outpatients with HFS of Grade 1 or above, according to the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, following the receipt of chemotherapy or targeted therapy for gastrointestinal cancer in Japan between November 2016 and February 2017. For measurement, Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire were used. Data were analyzed by logistic regression analysis.Results:Of the participants, 18% experienced falls and 60% reported physical inactivity. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that the DLQI treatment domain score was the only factor associated with falls (odds ratio [OR] =8.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] =1.27–50.63, P = 0.027). Physical inactivity was associated with DLQI symptom and feeling domain scores (OR = 5.54, 95% CI = 1.26–24.33, P = 0.023) and the with-oxaliplatin or paclitaxel regimen (OR = 3.71, 95% CI = 1.06–13.03, P = 0.041).Conclusions:The results of the present study suggest patients should be informed that HFS is a risk factor for physical inactivity and falls.

Assessment of Knowledge and Attitude and Practice of Family towards Physical Activity in Makkah City, 2017

Background: Physical activity could enhance the personal wellbeing and reduce the risks of many medical disease around the world Objectives: Assessing the knowledge and attitude and practice (KAP) of family towards physical activity in Makkah city in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Methods: This study was based on cross-sectional questionnaire sheet study conducted in Makkah City from September to November 2017among 400families from different parts of Makkah City. Results: Most of the subjects had appropriable knowledge about the importance of physical activity and risk factors of physical inactivity. The attitude of the subjects was positive among most of them toward regular physical exercise, enhancing their family to practice physical activity and practicing physical activity with their family. The level of practice was insufficient among most of the respondents regarding sports practice with their family and going for a long walk with their family. But the majority taught their children about the importance of physical activity and 50.5% let their children practice swimming and light physical activity. Conclusion: Although most of the subjects had good knowledge and attitude toward physical activity, the practice pattern was insufficient among most of them. There is a need for enhancing the physical activities among families in KSA and assessing the prevalence of chronic diseases among physically inactive subjects.

CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS AND COGNITIVE FUNCTION IN THE ELDERLY AGES 60 AND OLDER: AN ANALYSIS OF THE NATIONAL HEALTH AND NUTRITION EVALUATION SURVEY

Vascular disease and its precursors have been identified as risk factors for the development of both Alzheimer's disease and Vascular Dementia. We aim to determine whether there is an independent association between cognitive performance and defined hypertension (HTN) alone, high cholesterol alone, and type 2 diabetes mellitus DM alone, and coexistent HTN, high cholesterol and DM in a nationwide sample. We analyzed the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) was used to assess cognitive functioning in the 1999–2000 and 2001–2002 waves of data acquisition, among individuals aged 60 and over. A series of multiple linear regression analysis was used, adjusting for demographic (age, gender, race/ethnicity, education) and socioeconomic variables and behavioral risk factors of physical inactivity and smoking. There were a total of 3,706 participants in the 1999–2000 and 2001–2002 waves of the NHANES aged 60 and over. Of these, 2,975 completed the DSST, making up the full available sample. In the model that combined HTN, high cholesterol and DM, after adjusting for demographic and socioeconomic variables, significant cardiovascular predictors of worse cognitive outcomes included physical inactivity, diagnosis of hypertension, higher systolic blood pressure, and diagnosis of diabetes. Factors which were significant predictors when entered separately but were not significant after controlling for factors included in the full model included diastolic blood pressure and cholesterol levels. Examination of the standardized regression coefficients allows for the relative importance of each model variable to be compared. Demographic factors were most strongly related to cognitive functioning, particularly education (= 0.39) and age (= -0.35). Adding together the absolute values of all of the statistically significant cardiovascular predictors in the full model yields a total standardized effect of approximately = 0.25, which is lower in magnitude than education or age but greater than factors including gender (= 0.14) and race/ethnicity (between 0.04 and 0.18). In this representative US population sample, physical inactivity, HTN and DM were noted to be significant predictors of worse cognitive outcome in this population. Age and education remain to be strong demographic determinant of cognition.

Incidence and risk factors of physical inactivity over 2 years among elderly chinese: results from a population-based longitudinal survey

Incidence and risk factors of physical inactivity over 2 years among elderly chinese: results from a population-based longitudinal survey

Cognitive and social functioning are connected to physical activity behavior in children with autism spectrum disorder

BackgroundFor the first time this study aimed to examine the association of cognitive and social function with the physical activity behavior in a sample of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). MethodSixty eight children with ASD aged 6–16 years underwent an objective assessment of physical activity and cognitive flexibility. Parents were also asked to rate the social profile for their children. ResultsThe results showed that age, gender and cognitive flexibility are associated with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Analysis also showed that parent education and social function were associated with continuous minutes of physical activity. ConclusionsThese preliminary findings indicated that children with ASD who had poor cognitive or social skills would be less physically active and more sedentary. Moreover, the results highlighted the age and gender as possible risk factors of physical inactivity in children with ASD.

Impact of antipsychotic medication on physical activity and physical fitness in adolescents: An exploratory study

Antipsychotics are used increasingly in adolescents for a range of psychiatric disorders. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether physical activity levels and physical fitness of adolescent inpatients treated with antipsychotic medication, differs from either (i) antipsychotic naïve adolescents with mental health problems and, (ii) healthy controls. All participants completed the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents, the Positive-and-Negative-Affect-Schedule and performed the Eurofit test battery. Adolescents with mental health problems (irrespective of antipsychotic medication) were significantly (P<0.05) less physically active and had an impaired whole body balance, running speed and cardiovascular endurance compared to healthy controls (n=15, 8♂, 15.9±1.3 years). Adolescents treated with antipsychotic medication (n=15, 8♂, 15.5±1.3 years) were less physically active and had an impaired whole body balance compared with antipsychotic naïve adolescents (n=15, 8♂, 15.7±1.4 years). Given the overwhelming deleterious impact of physical inactivity and low physical fitness on physical and mental health outcomes, interventions specifically targeting physical activity and physical fitness among adolescents experiencing mental illness, both treated with, and not treated with antipsychotic medication are warranted as a priority. Antipsychotic medication should be considered as a risk factor for physical inactivity and poor physical fitness.

Prevalence and Correlates of Physical Activity and Sitting Time in Cancer Survivors: 2009-2013 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Objectives:A physically active lifestyle is important for cancer survivors. Therefore, this study was conducted to 1) provide population-based estimates of the prevalence of physical activity and sitting time, and 2) their correlates in Korean cancer survivors.Materials and Methods:This study analyzed a cancer survivor subsample (N=1,482) from 2008-2013 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), data selected with a complex sampling design. Overall and subgroup-specific prevalences of physical activity and sitting time were estimated. Correlates of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) and sitting time were tested using age-group-specific hierarchical multiple regression models.Results:Overall adherence rate to physical activity guidelines was 34.9% (95% CI=31.5-38.4). Age-group-specific adherence rates were 41.1% (95% CI=36.3-45.9) in adults (30-64 years old), and 25.3% (95% CI=21.0-25.3) in older adults (65 years or older). Adults spent 213.33 minutes (95% CI=172.4-254.3) per week on MVPA and 55.3 minutes (95% CI=36.4-64.6) on sitting time per day. In adults, sitting time was significantly associated with employed status (B=28.0, p=0.046), smoking (B=-47.4, p=0.020), and number of comorbidity conditions (B=-13, p=.037). MVPA was significantly associated with marital status (B=134.9, p<0.001), employment status (B=98.12, p=.046), and years since cancer diagnosis (B=104.7, p=0.015). Older adults spent 162.2 minutes (95% CI=119.5-204.8) per week on MVPA and 63.0 minutes (95% CI=45.0-89.5) on sitting time per day. Their significant correlates were sex (B= -45.2, p=0.014), smoking (B=-70.14, p<0.001), and years since cancer diagnosis (B=37.0, p=0.024). Age (B=5.8, p=0.042) and marital status (B=83.8, p=0.033) were also significantly associated with MVPA in older adults.Conclusion:A majority of Korean cancer survivors do not sufficiently participate in physical activity. In general, older, unhealthier, non-working, and being unmarried were risk factors for physical inactivity. While this study informs public health policy makers and practitioners about physical activity intervention demand for cancer survivors, future investigations should address psychosocial mediators to better inform intervention programs.

Impact of Behavioral and Medical Problems on Physical Activity in Male Egyptian Young Adults

Physical inactivity is generally accepted as one of the most serious health risk behaviors of young adults contributing to poorer health outcome. This study aimed at determining the impacts of behavioral and medical problems on physical activity (PA) among the Egyptian youth. In this study, 500 Egyptian men aged 18 - 30 years old attending for medical examination in Qena University Outpatient department between March 2013 and March 2014 were surveyed; risk factors for physical inactivity were analyzed. Significantly, 58.0% of smokers demonstrated the tendency to physical inactivity; only 0.8% did vigorous PA [X(df = 2) = 15.53, p < 0.001]. Most of those with history of drug abuse and all alcoholics reported low PA tendency [X2(df = 2) = 13.96, p < 0.001, Fisher’s exact = 6.3, p = 0.045, respectively]. As much as 87.1% of the obese had mild PA, too [X2(df = 2) = 16.62, p < 0.001]. Heart disease was also associated with a tendency of physical inactivity [X2(df = 2) = 15.6, p < 0.001]. Most anemics (68.9%) reported mild PA and 31% of them reported having moderate PA [X2(df = 2) = 8.22, p = 0.027]. Both, hepatitis B virus (HBV)- and hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infection, and diabetes mellitus (DM) were not risk for physical inactivity. The present work provides that PA diminishes with some chronic illnesses and behavioral derangements, e.g., drug abuse and smoking. Interestingly, HBV, HCV infections and DM are not among risks for physical inactivity.

Associations between physical inactivity and sedentary behaviors among adolescents in 10 cities in China.

BackgroundStudies in western countries have revealed that excessive sedentary behavior is a major risk factor for physical inactivity in adolescents. This study was performed to investigate the association between sedentary behavior and physical inactivity in Chinese adolescents using a large-scale cross-sectional survey design.MethodsThis study was part of the 2011 Chinese Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Between March and September 2011, 10,214 11–18-year-olds were recruited for survey participation in 18 schools in 10 cities in China. Demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, and the prevalences of physical inactivity and sedentary behaviors, were examined. Correlations between sedentary behavior and physical inactivity were analyzed using baseline logistic regression.ResultsAmong the final 9,901 students, physical inactivity (~80%) and sedentary behaviors (television viewing, 43%; computer use, 30.2%) were prevalent. More male than female students reported sedentary behaviors (television viewing > 2 h: 5.5% vs. 3.9%; computer use > 2 h: 7.2% vs. 3.5%; both p < 0.05), but more males were physically active than females (25.1% vs.14.6%; p < 0.05). Television viewing was associated with lower odds of no physical activity (No PA) in males [0–2 h: adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.81, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.68–0.96; >4 h: OR = 0.34, 95% CI = 0.18–0.64], but not in females. A similar pattern between insufficient physical activity and >4 h TV viewing (AOR = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.23–0.76) and >4 h computer use (AOR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.30–0.78) was observed in males. In females, 0–2 h daily computer use was associated with higher odds of physical inactivity (No PA: AOR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.10–1.82; Insufficient PA: AOR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.24–2.01), while TV viewing was not associated with No PA or Insufficient PA. The probability of physical inactivity significantly increased with grade and decreased with socioeconomic status.ConclusionsPhysical inactivity and sedentary behaviors were prevalent in Chinese adolescents. Further support, including parental guidance and the provision of publicly accessible facilities, is necessary to encourage Chinese youths to engage sufficiently in physical activities.

Mobile Phone Interventions to Increase Physical Activity and Reduce Weight

This systematic review was conducted to determine user satisfaction and effectiveness of smartphone applications and text messaging interventions to promote weight reduction and physical activity. Studies of smartphone applications and text messaging interventions related to the cardiovascular risk factors of physical inactivity and overweight/obesity published between January 2005 and August 2010 were eligible. Studies related to disease management were excluded. Study characteristics and results were gathered and synthesized. A total of 36 citations from CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and PubMed were identified; 7 articles were eligible for inclusion. The most frequent outcome measured in the studies was change in the weight of participants (57%). More than half of the studies (71%) reported statistically significant results in at least 1 outcome of weight loss, physical activity, dietary intake, decreased body mass index, decreased waist circumference, sugar-sweetened beverage intake, screen time, and satisfaction or acceptability outcomes. All of the technology interventions that were supported by education or an additional intervention demonstrated a beneficial impact of text messaging or smartphone application for reduction of physical inactivity and/or overweight/obesity. More rigorous trials that determine what parts of the technology or intervention are effective as well as establishment of cost-effectiveness are necessary for further evaluation of smartphone and text messaging interventions.

Physical inactivity at work and leisure: A 12-month study of cardiac patients

Introduction: Physical inactivity has been identified as a distinct health risk. However little is known about how this can vary at work and leisure in cardiac patients. The aim of the current study was to investigate the prevalence and pattern of work-time and leisure-time physical inactivity in the 12 months after a cardiac event, and to identify risk factors for physical inactivity in these settings.

Public health impact of risk factors for physical inactivity in adults with rheumatoid arthritis

To investigate the potential public health impact of modifiable risk factors related to physical inactivity in adults with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A cross-sectional study used baseline data from 176 adults with RA enrolled in a randomized controlled trial assessing the effectiveness of an intervention to promote physical activity. Accelerometer data were assessed for inactivity (i.e., no sustained 10-minute periods of moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity during a week's surveillance). The relationships between modifiable risk factors (motivation for physical activity, beliefs related to physical activity, obesity, pain, and mental health) and inactivity were assessed using odds ratios (ORs) and attributable fractions (AFs), controlling for descriptive factors (age, sex, race, education, disease duration, and comorbidity). More than 2 in 5 adults (42%) with RA were inactive. Factors most strongly related to inactivity were lack of strong motivation for physical activity (adjusted OR 2.85; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.31, 6.20 and adjusted AF 53.1%; 95% CI 21.7, 74.6) and lack of strong beliefs related to physical activity (OR 2.47; 95% CI 1.10, 5.56 and AF 49.2%; 95% CI 7.0, 76.4). Together, these 2 factors are related to almost 65% excess inactivity in this sample. These results support the development of interventions that increase motivation for physical activity and that lead to stronger beliefs related to physical activity's benefits, and should be considered in public health initiatives to reduce the prevalence of physical inactivity in adults with RA.

Effects of Socioeconomic Status and Acculturation on Accelerometer-Measured Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity Among Mexican American Adolescents: Findings from NHANES 2003–2004

Socioeconomic status (SES) and acculturation are potential contributors of adolescent physical activity disparity among ethnic groups in the U.S. However, studies relying on self-report physical activity measures have reported inconsistent findings regarding sociocultural predictors of physical activity. Therefore, the current study examined the main and interactive effects of SES and acculturation on accelerometer-measured moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) among Mexican American adolescents. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2004 was analyzed. Samples of 153 and 169 Mexican American boys and girls, respectively, were analyzed. SES was indicated by poverty-to-income ratio (PIR); and acculturation was measured by 5-item English preference scales and adolescent and parental country of birth. Regression models were tested separately for boys and girls. U.S.-born boys compared with immigrants did more MVPA (β = .48, P < .01). On the contrary, the effect of English preference on MVPA in boys was negative (β = -.05, P < .01) and amplified by higher SES (β = -.02, P < .01). For girls, none of the tested variables were significant. Higher SES was a risk factor for physical inactivity in Mexican American adolescents, by a moderating mechanism. In addition, physical activity promotion efforts need to consider English speaking and immigrant Mexican American adolescent boys as a target population.

Locomotor activity and gait in aged mice deficient for type IX collagen

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a risk factor for physical inactivity and impaired mobility, but it is not well understood how these locomotor behaviors are affected by the age of onset of OA and disease severity. Male mice homozygous for a Col9a1 gene inactivation (Col9a1(-/-)) develop early onset knee OA, increased tactile pain sensitivity, and gait alterations by 9 mo of age. We hypothesized that aged Col9a1(-/-) mice would reduce joint pain by adopting locomotor behaviors that reduce both the magnitude and daily frequency of joint loading. We tested this hypothesis by evaluating gait and spontaneous locomotor activity in 15- to 17-mo-old male Col9a1(-/-) (n = 5) and Col9a1(+/+)(WT) (n = 5) mice using well-controlled measures of voluntary activity in overground and running wheel conditions, as well as studies of gait in a velocity-controlled treadmill. We found no difference due to genotype in freely chosen locomotor velocity, stride frequency, hindfoot duty factor, dark phase activity time, or dark-phase travel distance during overground, running wheel, or speed-matched treadmill locomotion. Interpretation of these findings is potentially confounded by the observation that WT mice have greater knee OA than Col9a1(-/-) mice in the lateral tibial plateau by 17 mo of age. When accounting for individual differences in knee OA, functional locomotor impairments in aged Col9a1(-/-) and WT mice are manifested as reductions in total locomotor activity levels (e.g., both distance traveled and time active), particularly for wheel running. These results support the concept that current disease status, rather than age of disease onset, is the primary determinant of impaired locomotor activity with aging.

Disease prevention gains attention

As policymakers debate healthcare reform, pharmacists and public health experts urge a renewed focus on preventing chronic diseases, not just treating them. “The major disease problems of our society and time will not be solved by the clinical care system alone,” said James S. Marks, senior vice president of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, during a June 19 briefing in Washington, D.C. “What we really need is not more, and more expensive, treatments. What we really need is less disease,” he said. Marks and other panelists said most health problems that plague Americans are caused by smoking, poor diet, or physical inactivity—risk factors that, if effectively addressed, can prevent or delay the onset of serious illness. In Omaha, Nebraska, Tom Lenz, associate professor of pharmacy practice at Creighton University and clinical director of the Creighton Cardiovascular Risk Reduction Program, is preparing for the September expansion of a disease prevention program for up to 50 university employees.

Factors Associated with Physical Inactivity in Adolescents in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

To identify factors associated with physical inactivity among adolescents in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC). A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2004 among 2684 junior high school students using multistage cluster sampling. Time spent for physical and sedentary activities was collected with a validated questionnaire. Anthropometry, parental/family characteristics, neighborhood, and school environments were also measured. Level of activity was classified as physically active or inactive using standard criteria. Potential risk factors for physical inactivity were identified with hierarchical multivariate logistic regression, stratified by gender. Physical inactivity was positively associated with child's overweight status (odds ratio [OR] = 2.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.9, 3.2), passive transportation (OR = 4.2, 95% CI = 3.3-5.2), not having recess exercises (OR = 1.3, 95% CI = 1.1-5.6), availability of a nearby game shop (OR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.5-2.2), more time spent playing video games, watching television, and studying after class (OR = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.7-3.1; OR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.2-1.9; and OR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.3-2.4, respectively). The following factors decreased the odds of inactivity: schools having one to two sport meetings per year (OR = 0.7, 95% CI = 0.5-1.0), availability of a play yard (OR = 0.7, 95% CI = 0.6-0.9), older age group (OR = 0.2, 95% CI = 0.1-0.2), and male gender (OR = 0.6, 95% CI = 0.5-0.7). In boys, transportation, school sport meeting, availability of game shop near by, family's economic status, parental body mass index status, and time spent watching television were strongly associated with physical inactivity. In girls, time spent for study after class was one of the most important factors related to students' physical inactivity. Physical activity among adolescents in HCMC is related to household, school, and community factors. These factors and gender differences should be taken into account when promoting physical activity in adolescents.

Loneliness predicts reduced physical activity: Cross-sectional &amp; longitudinal analyses.

To determine cross-sectional and prospective associations between loneliness and physical activity, and to evaluate the roles of social control and emotion regulation as mediators of these associations. A population-based sample of 229 White, Black, and Hispanic men and women, age 50 to 68 years at study onset, were tested annually for each of 3 years. Physical activity probability, and changes in physical activity probability over a 3-year period. Replicating and extending prior cross-sectional research, loneliness was associated with a significantly reduced odds of physical activity (OR = 0.65 per SD of loneliness) net of sociodemographic variables (age, gender, ethnicity, education, income), psychosocial variables (depressive symptoms, perceived stress, hostility, social support), and self-rated health. This association was mediated by hedonic emotion regulation, but not by social control as indexed by measures of social network size, marital status, contact with close ties, group membership, or religious group affiliation. Longitudinal analyses revealed that loneliness predicted diminished odds of physical activity in the next two years (OR = 0.61), and greater likelihood of transitioning from physical activity to inactivity (OR = 1.58). Loneliness among middle and older age adults is an independent risk factor for physical inactivity and increases the likelihood that physical activity will be discontinued over time.

Interview to study the determinants of hypertension in older adults in Taiwan: a population based cross-sectional survey.

The aim of the study was to assess the association of socioeconomic, anthropometric and lifestyle factors with self-reported hypertension in older adults in Taiwan. The data were part of the "1999 Survey of Health and Living Status of the Elderly in Taiwan". The survey was conducted in-home, face-to-face, by interviews of 4440 men and women, 53 years or older, in a population-based cross-sectional study. The prevalence of self-reported hypertension was 31.1% for men and 38.0% for women. A logistic regression model showed a higher probability of self-reported hypertension for female gender, older age, and greater BMI, and lower probability for increased consumption of leguminous foods. No association was observed with cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption or physical activity. Current cigarette smokers and alcohol-drinkers underreported their hypertension status. Compared to the medically measured hypertension of a sub-sample study of the same cohort, only about 60% of medically-substantiated hypertensive patients self-reported their hypertensive status, indicating that the interview survey underestimated the prevalence of hypertension in this Taiwanese elderly population. The interview survey appears to identify associations of hypertension with age, gender, BMI and some food patterns, but does not recognize the likely associations with the candidate risk factors of physical inactivity, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and limited education, at least in this Taiwanese population. Thus caution must be applied where interview alone categorises individual older Taiwanese as hypertensive or not. A survey which has validation or cross-checking questions about the medical diagnosis of hypertension and the likelihood of its memory and appreciation by the patient (such as method, definition, communication with patient, recall and follow-up, lifestyle advice or pharmaco-therapy, presence of cognitive impairment) may clarify the significance of the discrepancy between self-reporting and medical record. In turn, this would allow a more robust evaluation of blood pressure determinants in such populations. Nevertheless, there is a role for community-based surveys that utilise self-reporting in the identification, prioritization and surveillance of putative contributors to hypertension; this is the case where, as in the Taiwanese elderly, it assumes major importance in the burden of disease and premature mortality.

Risk factors for physical inactivity across the adult life span: the impact of depression.

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