Risk Factors For Hypertension Research Articles

Tobacco consumption influencing the prevalence of hypertension among Indian women aged above 15 years: An in-depth analysis using National Family Health Survey (NFHS - 5), 2019–2021

Objectives: Globally, hypertension associated with tobacco consumption is one of the leading causes of death. The aim of this study is to explore the possible association between tobacco consumption and hypertension among women aged 15 years and above in India. Methods: Data available from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS 5) survey was used for the study. The study examined the relationship between tobacco consumption and hypertension by analysing blood pressure indices among women aged above 15 years in India. The weighted proportion was computed with 95% CI for the cross-tabulations. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the risk factors for hypertension, high mean arterial pressure, and wide pulse pressure. Results: Among 625116 women aged 15 years and above, 41181 (6.6%) of them were tobacco consumers; among them, 3.4% had wide pulse pressure, 6% had hypertension, and 20.2% had high mean arterial pressure. Tobacco consumers were 1.11 times (1.03-1.20) and 1.09 (1.05-1.14) times more likely to have hypertension and high mean arterial pressure respectively, compared to those who didn't consume tobacco. Smokeless tobacco consumers were 1.12 (1.04-1.21) times more likely to develop hypertension. Conclusion: From this study, we found that factors like older age, mixed diet, alcohol use, and obesity have contributed to the risk of hypertension. Smokeless tobacco users were at risk of developing hypertension compared to users of other forms of tobacco.

Higher hair cortisol levels associated with previous cardiovascular events and cardiovascular risks in a large cross-sectional population study

BackgroundStress is today a common feature of patients seeking medical care and a growing public health issue in society. A method has been developed to measure biological chronic stress by Hair Cortisol Concentrations (HCC). This biomarker, for chronic stress, captures information about cumulative cortisol levels over the course of several months. Long-term stress might be one of the factors contributing to the onset of cardiovascular conditions and also affecting different risk factors. The aim of this study was to analyse the association between Hair Cortisol Concentrations and previous cardiovascular diseases and cardiovascular risk factors.MethodsThe method of measuring chronic stress by Hair Cortisol Concentration was applied in a large Swedish national observational cross-sectional study. A population-based random sample of N = 4,821 Swedish middle-aged men and women was analysed for hair cortisol levels in relation to diagnosed previous cardiovascular diseases and biologically measured cardiovascular risk factors.ResultsLong-term stress, measured by hair cortisol, was significantly associated with the classical cardiovascular risk factors hypertension and high cholesterol, but not smoking. Those with elevated HCC levels also had a significantly increased pre-history of myocardial infarction, type 2 diabetes, atrial fibrillation and by-pass surgery, but not regarding stroke, angina pectoris or sleep apnoea. Higher HCC was significantly associated (p < 0.001) with Body mass index and waist circumference, but only for females. HCC was also associated with the risk markers leukocytes, and high-sensitivity CRP, indicating a possible linkage between HCC and inflammation and hypothetically also the bodily immune defense. No association was found between perceived stress and HCC.ConclusionsAn overall conclusion of our results is that health care should put more emphasis on patients reporting that they have been exposed to long term stress. Altogether, these analyses of Hair cortisol levels in a large middle-aged population show that chronically elevated cortisol levels represent a relevant and significant factor associated with cardiovascular diseases and classical cardiovascular risk factors.

Derivation of outcome-dependent dietary patterns for low-income women obtained from survey data using a supervised weighted overfitted latent class analysis.

Poor diet quality is a key modifiable risk factor for hypertension and disproportionately impacts low-income women. Analyzing diet-driven hypertensive outcomes in this demographic is challenging due to the complexity of dietary data and selection bias when the data come from surveys, a main data source for understanding diet-disease relationships in understudied populations. Supervised Bayesian model-based clustering methods summarize dietary data into latent patterns that holistically capture relationships among foods and a known health outcome but do not sufficiently account for complex survey design. This leads to biased estimation and inference and lack of generalizability of the patterns. To address this, we propose a supervised weighted overfitted latent class analysis (SWOLCA) based on a Bayesian pseudo-likelihood approach that integrates sampling weights into an exposure-outcome model for discrete data. Our model adjusts for stratification, clustering, and informative sampling, and handles modifying effects via interaction terms within a Markov chain Monte Carlo Gibbs sampling algorithm. Simulation studies confirm that the SWOLCA model exhibits good performance in terms of bias, precision, and coverage. Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2015-2018), we demonstrate the utility of our model by characterizing dietary patterns associated with hypertensive outcomes among low-income women in the United States.

Association of tobacco and alcohol consumption with hypertension among Hindu priests in Central India

Background: Alcohol and tobacco use are among the major risk factors for causing hypertension in the adult population globally as well as in India. India being a religious country harbor’s large number of Hindu temples which are conventionally managed by a dedicated population of Hindu priests. The prevalence of alcohol and tobacco use in this special population of priests in India is not well established along with the associated risk of hypertension. Aims and Objectives: First, to study the pattern of use of habit-forming substances; tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis derivatives among priests in central India. Second, to find the relationship between the use of tobacco smoking, chewing, and alcohol with hypertension. Materials and Methods: The current study is a cross-sectional survey on Hindu priests of registered temples of a Pilgrimage city in Central India. The study utilizes a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire for interviewing 440 study participants. It included a sociodemographic profile, history of use of habit-forming substances, the presence of known hypertension, and measurement of blood pressure. Results: Out of 440 study participants; 280 (63.6%) were currently using habit-forming substances, whereas 160 (36.4%) number of participants had never used it. The current study found the prevalence of hypertension to be 31.9%. A statistically significant relationship of hypertension with the use of alcohol (χ2=44.2), tobacco chewing (χ2=106.1), and smoking (χ2=74.3) was found. Conclusion: The current study concludes that the use of Habit-forming substances, especially alcohol, tobacco chewing, and smoking, are prevalent among priests which are known risk factors for hypertension in the general population. Hence all screening/interventions applicable for these risk factors should be applied to this special population of priests.

Risk Factors of Hypertension Among Elderly in Indonesia: Systematic Review

Risk Factors of Hypertension Among Elderly in Indonesia: Systematic Review

Examining the relationship between risk factors-hypertension, body mass index (BMI), and smoking-and the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus

Examining the relationship between risk factors-hypertension, body mass index (BMI), and smoking-and the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus

Pegloticase-Induced Rapid Uric Acid Lowering and Kidney and Cardiac Health Markers in Youth-Onset Type 2 Diabetes: A Pilot Clinical Trial

Rationale & ObjectiveElevated serum uric acid (SUA) is a risk factor for incident hypertension and diabetic kidney disease in young persons with type 2 diabetes (T2D), particularly men. The acute benefit of aggressively lowering SUA on kidney and cardiovascular function in this population remains underexplored. This study was conducted to investigate the impact of a single pegloticase infusion on kidney and cardiovascular function. Study DesignAn open-label pilot trial. Setting & ParticipantsThe study involved 10 young adult males with youth-onset T2D and SUA levels ≥5 mg/dL. Intervention(s)Participants received a single infusion of pegloticase (8 mg). Evaluations were conducted using iohexol-based measured glomerular filtration rate (mGFR) and cardiac/kidney MRI before and one week after infusion. OutcomesThe primary outcomes were changes in SUA and mGFR one week after pegloticase infusion. ResultsNine participants (mean [±SD] age 22±5 years, HbA1c 8.6±3.3%, BMI 40.1±11.0 kg/m2, SUA 6.7±1.1 mg/dL) completed the pegloticase infusion and were included in the analysis. One week after the infusion, median [p25,p75] SUA concentrations dropped from 6.4 [5.6,7.6] to 0.5 [0.5,4.6] mg/dL (p=0.01). Mean mGFR increased from 113±20 to 122±19 ml/min per 1.73 m2 (p=0.004). Among responders (SUA reduction ≥3 mg/dL), an increase in mGFR correlated with an increase in renal artery blood flow (r:0.60, p=0.24) and decrease in SUA (r:-0.79, p=0.05). Mean MRI peak longitudinal cardiac strain additionally decreased from 15.4±2.2 to 13.1±2.2 % (p=0.03) in these responders. LimitationsThe pilot nature of the study and the small sample size limit the generalizability of the findings. ConclusionsIn young adult males with T2D, a single pegloticase infusion decreased SUA levels, which increased mGFR and was strongly associated with increased renal blood flow and impaired cardiac global longitudinal strain. Further research is required to assess the long-term efficacy and safety of pegloticase in patients with T2D.

Causal Relationship Between Childhood Obesity and Sleep Apnea Syndrome: Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Analysis.

Childhood obesity has become a global pandemic, leading to a range of diseases. Childhood obesity appears to be associated with an increased prevalence of sleep apnea syndrome. Sleep apnea is an inestimable risk factor for thrombosis, hypertension, cardiomyopathy and many other diseases. Therefore, exploring the relationship between childhood obesity and sleep apnea syndrome will help to understand the potential link between the two and provide research directions for future disease prevention and treatment. However, no studies have confirmed whether there is a causal relationship between childhood obesity and sleep apnea syndrome. The IEU OpenGWAS project provided the GWAS-aggregated data for childhood obesity and sleep apnea syndrome. Inverse-variance weighted (IVW) was used as the main method to evaluate the causal relationship between childhood obesity and sleep apnea syndrome. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were regarded as instrumental variables, and the screening threshold was P <5.0×10-6. Leave-one-out method was performed to confirm the robustness of the results. IVW analysis confirmed a causal relationship between genetic susceptibility to childhood obesity and an increased risk of sleep apnea syndrome [odds ratio (OR)=1.12, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02-1.23, P=0.016]. However, two-sample MR results also showed no causal relationship between genetic susceptibility to sleep apnea syndrome and an increased risk of childhood obesity (OR=1.50, 95% CI: 0.95-2.38, P=0.083). The intercept of MR-Egger regression was close to 0, which implies that there are no confounding factors in the analysis to affect the results of two-sample MR analysis. The leave-one-out results show that the bidirectional two-sample MR analysis results were robust. There is a causal relationship between genetic susceptibility to childhood obesity and increased risk of sleep apnea syndrome. People with a history of childhood obesity should pay more attention to physical examination to early prevention and management of sleep apnea syndrome.

Deep phenotyping of unaffected carriers of pathogenic BMPR2 variants screened for pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Pathogenic variants in the gene encoding for BMPR2 are a major genetic risk factor for heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension. Owing to incomplete penetrance, deep phenotyping of unaffected carriers of a pathogenic BMPR2 variant through multimodality screening may aid in early diagnosis and identify susceptibility traits for future development of pulmonary arterial hypertension. 28 unaffected carriers (44±16 years, 57% female) and 21 healthy controls (44±18 years, 48% female) underwent annual screening, including cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, transthoracic echocardiography, cardiopulmonary exercise testing and right heart catheterisation. Right ventricular pressure-volume loops were constructed to assess load-independent contractility and compared with a healthy control group. A transgenic Bmpr2Δ71Ex1/+ rat model was employed to validate findings from humans. Unaffected carriers had lower indexed right ventricular end-diastolic (79.5±17.6 mL·m-2 versus 62.7±15.3 mL·m-2; p=0.001), end-systolic (34.2±10.5 mL·m-2 versus 27.1±8.3 mL·m-2; p=0.014) and left ventricular end-diastolic (68.9±14.1 mL·m-2 versus 58.5±10.7 mL·m-2; p=0.007) volumes than control subjects. Bmpr2Δ71Ex1/+ rats were also observed to have smaller cardiac volumes than wild-type rats. Pressure-volume loop analysis showed that unaffected carriers had significantly higher afterload (arterial elastance 0.15±0.06 versus 0.27±0.08 mmHg·mL-1; p<0.001) and end-systolic elastance (0.28±0.07 versus 0.35±0.10 mmHg·mL-1; p=0.047) in addition to lower right ventricular pulmonary artery coupling (end-systolic elastance/arterial elastance 2.24±1.03 versus 1.36±0.37; p=0.006). During the 4-year follow-up period, two unaffected carriers developed pulmonary arterial hypertension, with normal N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide and transthoracic echocardiography indices at diagnosis. Unaffected BMPR2 mutation carriers have an altered cardiac phenotype mimicked in Bmpr2Δ71Ex1/+ transgenic rats. Future efforts to establish an effective screening protocol for individuals at risk for developing pulmonary arterial hypertension warrant longer follow-up periods.

PET-CT Defined Micro-Vascular Dysfunction and Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy Risk Factors in Heart Transplant Recipients.

Microvascular dysfunction (MVD) is considered a form of cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV), independently associated with poor prognosis after heart transplantation (HTX). It is unknown whether traditional risk factors for CAV are also applicable to MVD. We retrospectively analyzed factors associated with MVD in 94 HTX recipients who completed a PET scan after a normal baseline left heart catheterization excluding epicardial CAV. MVD was defined by abnormal PET blood flow. The mean age was 52±14 and MVD was found in 49 patients (53%). No donor risk factors were significantly associated with recipient MVD. Recipients risk factors for MVD included-diabetes mellitus (51%vs. 27%, p = 0.016) and hypertension (78%vs. 49%, p = 0.004) in patients with and without MVD, respectively. In a multivariate model, recipient hypertension and diabetes were the only significant determinants of MVD development (OR = 2.63, 95% CI [1.69-36.98], p = 0.009 and OR 2.1, 95% CI [1.10-15.38], p = 0.035, respectively). In conclusion, MVD was more associated with metabolic risk determinants rather than traditional CAV risk factors.

Risk Factors for Incident Hypertension in Children with Mild-Moderate CKD (CKiD Study)

Risk Factors for Incident Hypertension in Children with Mild-Moderate CKD (CKiD Study)

Obstructive Sleep Apnea as a Risk Factor for Systemic Arterial Hypertension

Abstract Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent sleep disorder that impacts a considerable proportion of people around the world, and is often associated with other health conditions including obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. OSA is an important risk factor for developing hypertension as it leads to cyclical oxygen desaturation, sympathetic hyperactivity, poor sleep quality, frequent microarousals and daytime drowsiness. This review aims to present updated knowledge of the relationship and pathogenic association between sleep apnea and hypertension.

Study on the correlation between fatty liver index and the outcome of high normal blood pressure

Objective: To analyze the correlation between fatty liver index (FLI) and the outcomes of individuals with high normal blood pressure. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, data from the follow-up population of the Beijing branch of the Risk Evaluation of Cancers in Chinese Diabetic Individuals: A Longitudinal (REACTION) study conducted from December 2011 to August 2012 were selected. Obtain indicators such as height, weight, waist circumference, fasting blood glucose, 2-h postprandial blood glucose, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and glutamyl transpeptidase were measured, and the FLI was calculated. The population with high normal blood pressure was divided into the FLI<30 group (1 822 cases); 30≤FLI<60 group (1 026 cases); and FLI≥60 group (473 cases) based on FLI levels. The blood pressure outcome data from the follow-up survey of this population from April 2015 to September 2015 were collected. Single factor analysis of variance was used for intergroup comparison, and logistic regression was used to analyze the correlation between FLI and the outcome of high normal blood pressure in the population. Results: The FLI was an independent influencing factor for their conversion to normal blood pressure (all P<0.01). Among all observed populations, the likelihood of conversion to normal blood pressure in the 30≤FLI<60 group and FLI≥60 group was 0.63 (95%CI 0.51-0.78) and 0.61 (95%CI 0.45-0.82) of the FLI<30 group, respectively. In the population of 40≤age<60 years, this likelihood was 0.60 (95%CI 0.47-0.76) and 0.57 (95%CI 0.41-0.79), respectively. FLI is not an independent influencing factor for the conversion to normal blood pressure in individuals aged over 60 years (P=0.161). FLI is an independent risk factor for hypertension (all P<0.05). Among all observed populations and population of 40≤age<60 years and age>60 years, the risk of hypertension in the 30≤FLI<60 group and FLI≥60 group was 1.49 times (95%CI 1.23-1.80) and 1.54 times (95%CI 1.19-1.98); 1.41 times (95%CI 1.13-1.75) and 1.38 times (95%CI 1.04-1.83); and 1.75 times (95%CI 1.22-2.53) and 2.10 times (95%CI 1.24-3.58) of the FLI<30 group, respectively. Conclusions: There is a correlation between FLI levels and future outcomes of individuals with normal high blood pressure. Although people with higher FLI are more likely to develop hypertension, those with higher FLI are also less likely to develop normal blood pressure in the 40≤age<60-year group.

The relationship between exercise-related hypertension and carotid artery intima media thickness and brachial artery endothelial function

Aims: Hypertension is one of the most common chronic diseases in the world. There are some non-invasive tests which are used to assess end organ damages in patients with hypertension. The purpose of this study is to show relationship between carotid artery intima media thickness (CIMT) and flow mediated dilatation (FMD) in patients with exercise induced hypertension (EIH). Methods: 73 healthy normotensive men and women, who are between 18 and 65 years of age, participated in this study. All patients underwent electrocardiography, echocardiography, 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and symptom-limited treadmill testing before CIMT and FMD were measured with Doppler ultrasonography. CIMT and FMD values of both groups were statistically compared with each other. Results: Of a total of 73 individuals, 56 were evaluated as the patient group and 17 as the control group. Age, smoking rate, body mass index, resting and maximum blood pressure values, and ascending aorta diameter were significantly higher in the patient group (p=0.02 for smoking, p&lt;0.01 for the rest). Right/left main CIMT, right/left bulbus IMT, and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction was significantly higher in the patient group (p&lt;0.05 for all). In addition, the mean CIMT and mean FMD (%) values were significantly higher and lower, respectively, in the patient group compared to the control group. No difference was observed between the two groups in terms of right/left internal CIMT and passive smoking exposure. In addition, the mean values of CIMT and FMD (%) did not show a statistically significant difference according to hypertensive response stages and gender. Conclusion: CIMT and FMD are significantly associated with EIH. EIH should be evaluated as important risk factor for future hypertension and may cause asymptomatic end-organ damage. It can be easily assessed using CIMT and FMD.

Cardiovascular Risk Factors Associated with Mitral Annular Calcification in a Non-Rheumatic Population

Mitral Annular Calcification (MAC), cardiovascular disease marker was common in non-rheumatic populations but was frequently disregarded in clinical evaluations. Objective: To MAC and to assess effect of these factors on cardiac function in non-rheumatic adult population. Methods: From September 2022 to August 2023, we conducted this cross-sectional study at Cardiac Center, Pakistan institute of medical sciences Islamabad that included 182 adults aged 50 years and older. We evaluated the patient's clinical history, demographic data and echocardiographic and laboratory results. The association between the presence of MAC and cardiovascular risk factors (age, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, smoking, obesity and chronic renal disease) was analyzed using logistic regression. Echocardiographic data were used to provide insight into cardiac function. Results: The prevalence of MAC was substantially correlated with hypertension (OR = 2.30), diabetes (OR = 2.00), dyslipidemia (OR = 1.75) and obesity (OR = 1.07). Also, smoking demonstrated a significant correlation with MAC. In comparison to those without MAC, individuals with MAC exhibited substantially lower ejection fractions, increased left atrial diameters and impaired diastolic function, as indicated by cardiac function assessments. Conclusion: In non-rheumatic population, MAC was significantly associated with conventional cardiovascular risk factors, particularly hypertension and diabetes.

Does cognitive function affect functional capacity and perceived fatigue severity after exercise in patients with coronary artery disease?

Successful execution of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation programs, an important branch of physiotherapy in individuals with coronary artery disease (CAD), depends on adequate cognitive abilities. It has been identified that coronary microvascular dysfunction, marked by reduced coronary flow reserve, is associated with impaired cerebral blood flow, affecting haemodynamic and cognitive performance. This study aimed to investigate how cognitive function influences functional capacity and differences in fatigue perception in CAD patients. Fifty CAD patients, with an average age of 59.40±6.58years, were evaluated for comorbidities (Charlson comorbidity index), number of CAD risk factors (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia, smoking, and physical inactivity), cognitive performance (Montreal cognitive assessment scale [MoCA]), functional capacity (incremental shuttle walk test [ISWT]), exercise-induced fatigue (Modified Bourg Scale), and physical activity (PA) levels (international physical activity questionnaire-short form). Analyses focused on the links between MoCA scores and CRF, ISWT outcomes, and differences in fatigue perception. Findings revealed a strong positive link between MoCA scores and ISWT performance (r=0.83, p<0.001), and a strong inverse relationship between CRF and MoCA scores (r=-0.95, p<0.001). In addition, MoCA score was positively correlated with differences in fatigue perception (r=0.88, p<0.001). These results highlight the critical role of cognitive function in determining functional capacity and managing fatigue in CAD patients. They also suggest that cognitive interventions may be a potential adjunctive approach in physiotherapy programmes.

Gender and Sex-Based Differences in Hypertension Risk Factors Among Non-Hispanic Asian Adults in the United States.

The prevalence of hypertension (HTN) is rising at an accelerated rate, and it remains the primary factor contributing to cardiovascular illnesses. Sex can serve as an influencing factor, leading to variations in the factors affecting HTN. This study aimed to investigate gender and sex differences in the prevalence of HTN and explore the associations between HTN and 4 categories of risk factors: demographics, habits or lifestyle, body measurement, and laboratory blood results among non-Hispanic Asians in the United States. This secondary analysis included non-Hispanic Asian adults aged 18 years or older from the 2017 to 2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Among the 815 participants, 35% of men (140 of 399) and 37% (154 of 416) of women had HTN (P = .610). The mean age for men is 46.03 ± 16.9 years, whereas the mean age for women is 49.24 ± 16.8 years. After regression analysis, advancing age, increased body mass index, and increased serum uric acid were significant predictors of HTN in both sexes. However, men developed HTN earlier compared with women. Marital status and increased fasting glucose were only significant in men. Compared with their never-married counterparts, men who were currently married or living with a partner had lower odds of having HTN (odds ratio, 0.28; P = .034). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of HTN between the sexes. Age, body mass index, and serum uric acid were significant risk factors in both men and women. Meanwhile, marital status and fasting glucose were only significant in men.

The interplay between hypertension and BMI in Coptic teenagers

Background: Elevated Body Mass Index (BMI) is a significant risk factor for developing hypertension (HTN). Other factors, including family history, smoking, and energy drinks consumption, can potentially increase the risk for HTN. Limited data are available on the risk factors for HTN in Coptic adolescent population. Hence, this study sought to investigate the association between these risk factors and HTN in Coptic adolescents. Methods: A screening survey was conducted on 140 high school students who attended church services. After signing a consent form, each participant was interviewed and asked to answer the survey questions. The blood pressure was measured twice after 15 minutes of rest using Omron device. Both weight and height were measured, and BMI was calculated using CDC BMI calculator. Descriptive statistics, univariate, and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to explore the relationship between the HTN and other potential variables. Results: The cohort included 70 females (50%) and 70 males (50%) aged 16-21. The overall prevalence of HTN was 45.7% (73% in males and 18.6% in females). Participants were categorized by BMI into normal (n=78), overweight (n=44), and obese (n=18) groups. Compared to the normal weight group, the odds ratio (OR) for HTN in the overweight and obesity groups was 7.2 (95% C.I. 3.1 – 16.6, p&lt;0.001) and 1.9 (95% C.I. 0.67 – 5.5, p=0.27), respectively. Among the total cohort, hypertensive individuals exhibited significantly higher BMI compared to normotensive individuals (26.3 [23.5, 28.3] vs. 22.5 [20.6, 25.7], p=0.001). However, there was no association between HTN and other covariates (p&gt;0.05). In multivariable logistic regression, the association between HTN and elevated BMI remained significant (adjusted OR 3.8, 95% C.I. 1.6 – 9.3; p=0.002). Conclusion: our findings are consistent with accumulative evidence about the positive relationship between BMI and HTN, which is a part of the metabolic syndrome. Moreover, this is the first study to investigate the risk factor profile for HTN in Coptic adolescents. Larger scale epidemiologic studies are needed to assess the prevalence of HTN in this population and the best approach to manage the modifiable risk factors.

Searching for a Novel HLA-Cw6-Linked Cardiometabolic Endotype in Psoriatic Disease.

In recent years, a possible connection between HLA-Cw6 and a distinctive cardiometabolic (CM) profile in patients with psoriatic disease (PsD) has been proposed, although there is still little support for this. Our aim was to further investigate this possible association by studying a large population of PsD patients. For this study, three different cohorts of patients with PsD were analyzed: two with a majority of cutaneous psoriasis, pooled n: 600, and a third with only psoriatic arthritis-PsA-cases, n: 340. Potential relationships between HLA-Cw6 and the different CM risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia) were analyzed using univariate and multivariate regression models, while the final net effect was assessed using fixed- or random-effects meta-analyses, as appropriate. In the PsA cohort, no association was detected between HLA-Cw6 carriership and any of the CM comorbidity factors. In psoriasis cohorts, after correcting for age, sex, disease duration, and arthritis, HLA-Cw6 carriers had a reduced diabetes risk (OR 0.49, 95%CI: 0.26-0.91, p = 0.026). This latter effect was confirmed by a fixed-effects meta-analysis of the included cohorts (pooled OR: 0.50, 95%CI: 0.27-0.90). This work demonstrates a potential protective effect of the HLA-Cw6 allele on the risk of diabetes in PsD. Our findings together with those of others seem to confirm the existence of a novel HLA-Cw6-linked cardiometabolic endotype in this disease.

Sarcopenia as a risk factor for hypertension

Sarcopenia as a risk factor for hypertension