Risk Factors For Suicide Attempts Research Articles

Prevalence of suicide attempts and their risk factors in school-aged patients with epilepsy: a population-based study.

Suicide prevention is a critical issue for young people. However, no large body of representative data on the risk of suicide attempts in school-aged patients with epilepsy in Taiwan or other developing countries is available. Patients aged≤18years who received a diagnosis of epilepsy between 2000 and 2012 were included in the epilepsy cohort (N=9801). The comparison cohort was matched to the epilepsy cohort at a ratio of 4:1. We calculated the adjusted hazard ratio and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for suicide attempts after adjustment for age, sex, urbanization level, parental occupation category, comorbidities, and follow-up time. Further analysis was performed to assess the dose-response effect on the risk of attempting suicide based on the average frequency of medical visits for epilepsy. The overall incidence rates of suicide attempts in the epilepsy and comparison cohorts were 15.7 and 5.89 per 100,000 people per year, respectively. The epilepsy cohort had a 2.34-fold higher risk of suicide being attempted (95% CI 2.17-2.52) than did the comparison cohort. Male sex, over 12years of age, and parental occupation of office work were found to be the major risk factors for suicide attempts. Epilepsy might be an independent factor predisposing school-aged patients to suicide attempts. The results of this study could provide clinicians and governments with vital information on suicide prevention for young people with epilepsy in Taiwan and other developing countries.

Risk factors for the transition from suicide ideation to suicide attempt: Results from the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers (Army STARRS).

Prior research has shown that most known risk factors for suicide attempts in the general population actually predict suicide ideation rather than attempts among ideators. Yet clinical interest in predicting suicide attempts often involves the evaluation of risk among patients with ideation. We examined a number of characteristics of suicidal thoughts hypothesized to predict incident attempts in a retrospective analysis of lifetime ideators (N = 3,916) drawn from a large (N = 29,982), representative sample of United States Army soldiers. The most powerful predictors of first nonfatal lifetime suicide attempt in a multivariate model controlling for previously known predictors (e.g., demographics, mental disorders) were: recent onset of ideation, presence and recent onset of a suicide plan, low controllability of suicidal thoughts, extreme risk-taking or "tempting fate," and failure to answer questions about the characteristics of one's suicidal thoughts. A predictive model using these risk factors had strong accuracy (area under the curve [AUC] = .93), with 66.2% of all incident suicide attempts occurring among the 5% of soldiers with highest composite predicted risk. This high concentration of risk in this retrospective study suggests that a useful clinical decision support model could be constructed from prospective data to identify those with highest risk of subsequent suicide attempt. (PsycINFO Database Record

Psychological Risk Factors of Suicide Attempts in Patients Admitted to Emergency Departments

Background: Suicide, as a leading cause of death, needs more attention to discover different aspects of its occurrence and to implement proper programs for prevention and control. Objectives: This study aimed to assess psychological risk factors of suicidal attempts in patients referred to the hospitals. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, demographic characteristics, environmental stressors and three questionnaires [beck scale of suicide ideation (BSSI), quality of life (SF-12), and symptom checklist 90-R (SCL-90-R)], have been collected in all of the patients who were referred to emergency departments affiliated to Babol University of Medical Sciences, during 6 months. Results: One hundred and forty one patients had been included. Mean age of the patients was 26.7 ± 11.2 (range 11 - 75) years; 54.6% of the patients were in the age-group of 21 - 40 years; females had more suicide attempts and 58.1% of the patients had low education level. The most common method for suicide was drug ingestion (92.9% of the patients). A significant correlation had been observed between quality of life and suicidal ideation (r = - 0.48; P < 0.0001). Depression and hostility had the highest mean score among SCL-90-R subscales. Conclusions: More frequent suicides in the second to fourth decades of life, especially in women and the persons who had lower quality of life suggests a need for proper social supports and psychiatric interventions for early detection of suicidal thoughts and necessary treatments for prevention of complete suicide.

Risk of Suicide Attempt in Poststroke Patients: A Population-Based Cohort Study.

BackgroundThis nationwide population‐based cohort study evaluated the risk of and risk factors for suicide attempt in poststroke patients in Taiwan.Methods and ResultsThe poststroke and nonstroke cohorts consisted of 713 690 patients and 1 426 009 controls, respectively. Adults (aged >18 years) who received new stroke diagnoses according to the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD‐9‐CM; codes 430–438) between 2000 and 2011 were included in the poststroke cohort. We calculated the adjusted hazard ratio for suicide attempt (ICD‐9‐CM codes E950–E959) after adjustment for age, sex, monthly income, urbanization level, occupation category, and various comorbidities. Kaplan–Meier analysis was used to measure the cumulative incidence of suicide attempt, and the Fine and Gray method was used as a competing event when estimating death subhazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals between groups. The cumulative incidence of suicide attempt was higher in the poststroke cohort, and the adjusted hazard ratio of suicide attempt was 2.20 (95% confidence interval, 2.04–2.37) compared with that of the controls. The leading risk factors for poststroke suicide attempt were earning low monthly income (<660 US dollars), living in less urbanized regions, doing manual labor, and having a stroke before age 50 years. The attempted suicide risk did not differ significantly between male and female patients in this study.ConclusionsThese results convey crucial information to clinicians and governments for preventing suicide attempt in poststroke patients in Taiwan and other Asian countries.

Mental disorders and suicide attempt in rural China

The prevalence of various mental disorders and their age and gender specific characteristics among suicide attempters remains unclear in rural China. This study using 1:1 paired case-control design included 409 suicide attempters and 409 paired controls matched on age, gender and place of residence. Mental disorders were assessed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR Axis I Disorders. The prevalence of mental disorders was 32.3% for suicide attempters and 4.9% for paired controls. Mental disorder constituted a significant risk factor for suicide attempt with an adjusted odds ratio of 7.16 (95%CI: 3.65–14.04). The prevalence of mental disorders was higher among male than female suicide attempters. Major depressive disorder was most common in female suicide attempters while alcohol use disorder was most common in the males. The prevalence of mental disorders seemed to increase with age. Suicide attempters of higher ages were more prone to have mood disorders, especially a major depression. Suicide attempters with mental disorders differed from those without mental disorders on a number of socio-economic characteristics and suicidal behavior features. These insights should be taken into account in strategies and efforts to improve mental health care and ultimately to reduce suicidal behavior among residents in rural China.

Exploring metabolic factors and health behaviors in relation to suicide attempts: A case-control study

BackgroundSuicide attempts are a serious public health concern with devastating global impact, thereby necessitating the development of an adequate prevention strategy. Few known risk factors of suicide attempts are directly modifiable. This study sought to investigate potential associations between health behaviors and suicide attempts, identifying novel opportunities for clinicians to help prevent suicidal behavior. MethodsA case-control study was conducted to compare body weight, serum total cholesterol, physical activity, tobacco use, and dietary food groups among adults who had made a suicide attempt (n = 84) to psychiatric inpatients (n = 104) and community controls (n = 93) without history of suicide attempt. Multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the association between metabolic risk factors and attempted suicide. ResultsPsychiatric inpatients who had attempted suicide were less likely to be physically active [moderate/strenuous (OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.19–0.95) and mild (OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.16–0.76)] compared to controls. Psychiatric inpatients who attempted suicide were more likely to use tobacco (OR 2.25, 95% CI 1.07–4.73) compared to controls. Contrary to prior research, obesity, serum total cholesterol, and diet were not significantly associated with risk of attempted suicide. LimitationsOur study was limited by its cross-sectional design, which precludes the identification of causal or temporal relationships between the risk of attempted suicide and factors such as physical activity and tobacco use. ConclusionsStudy results suggest that a history of attempted suicide is associated with a decreased likelihood of being physically active and an increased risk of tobacco use. Further investigation is warranted to understand the role of exercise and tobacco use in suicide intervention and prevention strategies.

Evaluating clinical risk factors for suicide attempts in patients with epilepsy

ObjectiveWe would like to exam whether epilepsy patients in Taiwan have a high risk of attempted and completed suicide. MethodsIn this study, we used a subset of the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) of Taiwan. Inpatients (≥ 18 years) who received a new diagnosis of epilepsy between 2000 and 2011 were enrolled in the epilepsy cohort. The epilepsy and comparison cohorts included 68,543 patients and 2-fold controls respectively. We calculated the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) for suicide attempts after adjustment for age, sex, monthly income, the urbanization level, occupation, and comorbidity. ResultsThe epilepsy cohort had a 2.06-fold risk of suicide attempts (95% CI = 1.65–2.56) compared with the control cohort. The suicide attempt risk did not significantly differ between men and women and between patients with and without psychiatric comorbidity. The mortality risk after a suicide attempt was higher in the epilepsy cohort than in the comparison cohort (aHR = 1.66, 95% CI = 1.02–2.69). ConclusionEpilepsy is an independent and predisposing factor for suicide attempt. These results provide important information for clinicians and governments to prevent suicide in epilepsy patients in Asian countries.

Integrative Understanding of Familial Impulsivity, Early Adversity and Suicide Risk.

Introduction: Impulsivity is a core characteristic of bipolar disorder and it was observed as elevated in individuals with the disorder and in their relatives. Both impulsivity and history of maltreatment are risk factors for suicide attempts, however, these two key variables may not be independent, given the fact that parental impulsivity and associated social context could increase the risk of child maltreatment. In this study it was examined the association between the impulsivity of relatives and child maltreatment taking into consideration the conjoint and unique effects of these two variables on the risk of suicide attempts among the patients.Materials and Methods: Participants of the study consisted of 117 patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder and 25 first-degree relatives. Linear regression model was conducted to describe associations between facets of impulsivity of relatives and levels of child maltreatment reported by patients. The independent associations of suicide attempt history with the dimensions of impulsivity of the patient and maltreatment were tested by multinomial logistic regression.Results: Impulsivity of relatives and, more specifically, inhibitory control can predict the maltreatment of the patient. Inhibitory control and emotional abuse were related, conjointly, to a greater likelihood of having a history of more than one suicide attempt.Discussion: Considering that the impulsivity of relatives predicts child maltreatment, it is possible that a genetically shared impulsivity is an underlying feature associated with the history of multiple suicide attempts. These findings highlight the importance of considering child maltreatment, impulsivity and suicide attempt history in integrative models.

Risk Factors of Suicide Attempt in Tabriz, Iran

Risk Factors of Suicide Attempt in Tabriz, Iran

Comparison of the characteristics of suicide attempters with major depressive disorder and those with no psychiatric diagnosis in emergency departments of general hospitals in China

BackgroundMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is a known major risk factor for suicide due to the high suicide mortality. However, studies comparing the characteristics of suicide attempters with major depressive disorder and those with no psychiatric diagnosis in China are very limited. This study examined and compared the sociodemographic and psychological characteristics of suicide attempters with MDD and those with no psychiatric diagnosis in emergency departments of general hospitals to better understand the risk factors for suicide attempts in China.MethodsAll subjects were enrolled in the study between June 2007 and January 2008. A total of 127 suicide attempters—54 with MDD and 73 with no psychiatric diagnosis—were enrolled. The sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were compared between two groups using the statistical analysis performed using frequency distribution, Student’s t test, Chi-square test, and Fisher’s exact test and a logistic regression model.ResultsSuicide attempters with MDD were more likely to be more depressive, older, divorced or separated, unemployed, and living alone, and more likely to write a suicide note, have suicide ideation, and be motivated by reducing pain and burden. Suicide attempters with no psychiatric diagnosis were more likely to be younger and more impulsive, have self-rescue, and be motivated by threatening or taking revenge on others. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified the following independent predictors of suicide attempts in individuals with MDD: a lower score on the quality of life scale, more years of education, and suicide ideation.ConclusionsThe present study found both similarities and differences in the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of suicide attempters with MDD and those with no psychiatric diagnosis in the emergency departments of general hospitals in China. These findings will help us to recognize the characteristics of suicide attempters in both groups and develop specific interventions for the two types of suicide attempters to prevent future suicide in China. For example, the suicide attempters with MDD in the emergency departments must be advised to the psychological clinic.

Are comorbid anxiety disorders a risk factor for suicide attempts in patients with mood disorders? A two-year prospective study

BackgroundComorbid anxiety disorders have been considered a risk factor for suicidal behavior in patients with mood disorders, although results are controversial. The aim of this two-year prospective study was to determine if lifetime and current comorbid anxiety disorders at baseline were risk factors for suicide attempts during the two-year follow-up. MethodsWe evaluated 667 patients with mood disorders (504 with major depression and 167 with bipolar disorder) divided in two groups: those with lifetime comorbid anxiety disorders (n=229) and those without (n=438). Assessments were performed at baseline and at 3, 12, and 24 months. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and log-rank test were used to evaluate the relationship between anxiety disorders and suicide attempts. Cox proportional hazard regression was performed to investigate clinical and demographic variables that were associated with suicide attempts during follow-up. ResultsOf the initial sample of 667 patients, 480 had all three follow-up interviews. During the follow-up, 63 patients (13.1%) attempted suicide at least once. There was no significant difference in survival curves for patients with and without comorbid anxiety disorders (log-rank test=0.269; P=0.604). Female gender (HR=3.66, P=0.001), previous suicide attempts (HR=3.27, P=0.001) and higher scores in the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory (HR=1.05, P≤0.001) were associated with future suicide attempts. ConclusionsOur results suggest that comorbid anxiety disorders were not risk factors for suicide attempts. Further studies were needed to determine the role of anxiety disorders as risk factors for suicide attempts.

Prevalence and Risk factors of Major Depressive Disorder and Suicidal Attempts among Depressed Patients in Duhok City

Background and objectives: Major depressive disorder is a common and serious mental disorder. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence and risk factors of major depressive disorder and to study the methods and risk factors of suicidal attempts among depressed patients. Methods: Through cross sectional study, (637) pa- tients were selected randomly among those who consulted out-patient psychiatric clinic in Azadi Teaching Hos- pital in Duhok City from July 2008 to July 2009. Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders-Pa- tient Edition (SCID-I/P) was applied to diagnose patients with major depressive disorder. Results: The prevalence of major depressive disorder was 23.9%, it was more prevalent among females 67.7% (p&lt;0.001), youngest age group 38.2% (p&lt;0.001), married 59.2% (p&lt;0.001) and those who had &lt; 6 children 64.6% (p=0.021) with statis- tically significant association. The prevalence of suicidal attempt among depressed patients was 12.5%, it was more common in females 89.5% (p=0.035) and youngest age group (p=0.047) with significant association. The commonest method of suicidal attempt was drug ingestion 68.4%, whole cases were female, while only 10.2% of males attempted suicide and they used gun. Conclusions: The prevalence of major depressive disorder ap- peared high; the risk factors included female, young, housewives and those who had fewer children (&lt;6). The prevalence of suicidal attempts among depressed patients appeared high too; female and young were only risk factors. Majority of the suicidal attempters were females and drug ingestion was the commonest method used.

The Relationship between Ghrelin and Copeptin Levels, and Anxiety and Depression Levels in Suicide Attempts.

ObjectiveIt was aimed to detect acylated ghrelin (AG), unacylated ghrelin (UG) and copeptin levels in patients with suicide attempts and to determine if these biomarkers are risk factors for suicide attempts.MethodsSerum copeptin, AG and GU levels were screened in 128 patients who were admitted to emergency department with suicide attempts and 59 healthy controls. Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were applied simultaneously, and the data were compared statistically.ResultsAG, UG and copeptin levels were higher in the patient group compared with the healthy control group. BAI scores of patients were found to be positively correlated with BDI scores. While there was a significant difference (p=0.0064) between psychiatric and non-psychiatric patients with suicide attempts in terms of BAI scores, there were no differences in BDI scores and levels of biomarkers. We found significantly increased BDI and BAI scores and increased levels of AG, UG and copeptin in psychiatric and non-psychiatric patients compared with healthy individuals. The specificities yielded by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis in patients with suicide attempts were as follows: 91.53% for AG, 72.88% for UG and 94.92% for copeptin.ConclusionSerum levels of AG, UG and copeptin increase with increasing anxiety and depression in patients with suicide attempts. Increased levels of AG, UG and copeptin could be considered a risk factor for suicide attempts.

Neurocognitive impairment and suicide risk among prison inmates

BackgroundWorldwide, prisoners are at high risk of suicide. Reducing the number of suicides in jails and prisons is an international priority. Several risk factors for suicide attempts, such as historical, prison-related, psychosocial and clinical factors, have been found in prisoners. We assessed whether demographic, conviction-related and neuro-behavioral variables might be associated with current suicide risk and lifetime suicide attempts in two large central Italy prisons. MethodsOn a preliminary sample of 254 detainees within an ongoing project, we assessed whether demographic, conviction-related, psychiatric, cognitive variables and illness comorbidity might be associated with current suicide risk and lifetime suicide attempts in two large central Italy prisons. Psychiatric disorders and suicide risk was evaluated using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. We also have identified the detainees with clear-cut previous suicide attempts. The cognitive function was assessed with a brief neuropsychological battery including trail making A, trail making B, Digit Span, and Symbol Digit test. Impulsivity was assessed with the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale. Cumulative illness was evaluated with Charlson Comorbidity Index. ResultsImpairment in global cognitive function was the strongest predictor of both high suicide risk and lifetime suicide attempts (both p < 0.001), independently of psychiatric disorders, psychopharmacological treatment, detention status, conviction time, substance use disorder, impulsivity, and illness comorbidity. Limitation LimitationCross-sectional study design and relatively small sample size. ConclusionCognitive deficits may improve our understanding of the suicidal vulnerability and should be systematically included in the assessment of suicide risk, as potential predictors of suicidal acts and targets of preventive interventions.

摂食障害における両親の養育態度と自殺企図との関連の検討 : Parental Bonding Instrumentを用いて

摂食障害における両親の養育態度と自殺企図との関連の検討 : Parental Bonding Instrumentを用いて

Risk factors of suicide attempt among people with suicidal ideation in South Korea: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundSuicide is a serious public health concern worldwide, and the fourth leading cause of death in Korea. Few studies have focused on risk factors for suicide attempt among people with suicidal ideation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the risk factors and develop prediction models for suicide attempt among people with suicidal ideation in the Korean population.MethodThis study included 1567 men and 3726 women aged 20 years and older who had suicidal ideation from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2007 to 2012. Among them, 106 men and 188 women attempted suicide. Multivariate logistic regression analysis with backward stepwise elimination was performed to find risk factors for suicide attempt. Sub-group analysis, dividing participants into under 50 and at least 50 years old was also performed.ResultsAmong people with suicidal ideation, age, education, cancer, and depressive disorder were selected as risk factors for suicide attempt in men. Age, education, national basic livelihood security, daily activity limitation, depressive disorder, stress, smoking, and regular exercise were selected in women. Area under curves of our prediction models in men and women were 0.728 and 0.716, respectively.ConclusionsIt is important to pay attention to populations with suicidal ideation and the risk factors mentioned above. Prediction models using the determined risk factors could be useful to detect high-risk groups early for suicide attempt among people with suicidal ideation. It is necessary to develop specific action plans for these high-risk groups to prevent suicide.

Risk factor for suicide attempt in a general hospital

IntroductionA major risk factor for suicide is suicide attempts. The aim of the present study was to assess risk factors for nonfatal suicide attempts. Suicide attempt with high lethality have been interacting with certain clinical and demographic factors such as age, sex, psychopathology and adverse events, among others.MethodsObservational, descriptive and retrospective study of people who was admitted to a general hospital after suicide attempt.AimThe aim of this study was to determinate variable associated to high risk of suicide. Describe and analyze demographic and clinical characteristics associated with serious suicide attempts as well as the methods used.ResultsOf a total of 504, 23 patients was admitted after suicide attempt, 61% male, mean age 54.1; 60% required ICU; the most common method consisted of multiple drug intake 40%, 30% associated with toxic, mostly alcohol. Predominant summer and diagnosis of adjustment disorder.ConclusionAs is the case with suicides prevails male and summer. As to the most common method has been from medication, both men and women. We were surprised diagnosis of the most common reactions to stress. We conclude that the findings could guide a progressive change in the presuicidal pathology.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Incidence and predictors of suicide attempts in bipolar I and II disorders: A five-year follow-up

IntroductionAlthough suicidal behavior is very common in bipolar disorder (BD), few long-term studies have investigated incidence and risk factors of suicide attempts (SAs) specifically related to illness phases of BD.ObjectivesWe examined incidence of SAs during different phases of BD in a long-term prospective cohort of bipolar I (BD-I) and II (BD-II) patients and risk factors specifically for SAs during major depressive episodes (MDEs).MethodsIn the Jorvi bipolar study (JoBS), 191 BD-I and BD-II patients were followed using life-chart methodology. Prospective information on SAs of 177 patients (92.7%) during different illness phases was available up to five years. Incidence of SAs and their predictors were investigated using logistic and Poisson regression models. Analyses of risk factors for SAs occurring during MDEs were conducted using two-level random-intercept logistic regression models.ResultsDuring the five-year follow-up, 90 SAs per 718 patient-years occurred. Compared with euthymia the incidence was highest, over 120-fold, during mixed states (765/1000 person-years [95% confidence interval (CI) 461–1269]) and also very high in MDEs, almost 60-fold (354/1000 [95%CI 277–451]). For risk of SAs during MDEs, the duration of MDEs, severity of depression and cluster C personality disorders were significant predictors.ConclusionsIn this long-term study, the highest incidences of SAs occurred in mixed phases and MDEs. The variations in incidence rates between euthymia and illness phases were remarkably large, suggesting that the question “when” rather than “who” may be more relevant for suicide risk in BD. However, risk during MDEs is likely also influenced by personality factors.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Risk factors for suicide attempt: A retrospective study

IntroductionSuicide is a leading cause of death among adolescents.ObjectivesTo investigate suicidal behaviors among Italian adolescents.AimsTo assess the rates of suicidal ideation (SI) and suicide attempts (SA) and the associated risk factors in patients admitted to emergency department (ED) of the Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital.MethodsRetrospective study based on data of patients admitted to the ED from 1 January 2011 to 30 May 2016 who required a neuropsychiatric (NPI) consultation. We analyzed:– outcome of the NPI consultation (hospitalization or discharge);– risk factors for SA and SI;– methods employed for SA.ResultsThe number of NPI consultations for SI and SA increased from 6.45% in 2011 to 13.3% in 2015. More than 90% of consultations recommended hospitalization in the psychiatric unit (137 patient [66% female]; mean age of 15.5 ± 1.6 years) with average length of stay of 13.64 ± 10.63 days. Risk factors for SI and SA were non-suicidal self-injury, family conflicts and previous suicide attempts. Subjects evaluated for a SA reported a significantly higher frequency of family history of mood disorder (χ2 = 5.94; P = 0.02) and a comorbid substance abuse (χ2 = 4.49; P = 0.03) when compared with SI group. The method most frequently used to attempt suicide was ingestion of medications (52.83%).ConclusionsThere was an increasing demand of NPI consultation of SA and SI in the last years. A family history of mood disorder and a history of substance abuse are risk factors able to differentiate between SI and SA.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Impulsivity in adolescent with depressive disorders

IntroductionHowever, impulsivity is more likely to be present in externalizing disorders, little focus seems to have been made on the research of impulsivity in depression.ObjectiveOn this study, we sought to investigate impulsivity among adolescent with Depressive disorder compared to a control sample.Subjects and methodsEmploying a matched case-control study, participants included 100 adolescents divided into two groups: 30 adolescents (12 to 17 years) with depressive disorder and a control sample of 70 adolescents. Participants were recruited during a period of 2 years (2015, 2016). Depressive disorder patient were drawn from the consultation unit or inpatient unit of the department of child psychiatry in Sfax, Tunisia. Controls were recruited from two secondary schools and they haven’t depressive symptoms according to the child depression inventory (CDI). Impulsivity was evaluated in the two groups by the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11), an instrument designed to measure trait impulsivity.ResultsAdolescents with depressive disorder displayed significantly higher total BIS-11 impulsivity scores than controls (71.6 ± 16 vs 61.6 ± 9; P = 0.003). They scored significantly higher than the controls on motor (P = 0.0001) and attentional impulsivity (P = 0.006). There was no difference in non-planning Impulsivity between the two groups. Motor impulsivity was high in adolescents with history of suicide attempt.ConclusionOur findings suggest that trait impulsivity is increased among adolescents with depressive disorder. Impulsivity seems to be a risk factor for suicide attempts, so it that should be systematically evaluated in depressive disorder.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.