Risk Factors For Depressive Symptoms Research Articles

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Depression Among Frontline Nurses in Wuhan 6 Months After the Outbreak of COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study.

BACKGROUND Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, frontline nurses have experienced psychological problems. However, the depression of frontline nurses in Wuhan 6 months after the outbreak of COVID-19 has not been studied adequately. The purpose of this study was to investigate the depression of frontline nurses in Wuhan 6 months after the COVID-19 outbreak and to analyze possible risk and protective factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS Data were collected through Wenjuanxing from 612 frontline nurses in Wuhan national COVID-19-designated hospitals between July 27, 2020, and August 12, 2020. The levels of depression, family functioning, and psychological resilience were assessed among frontline nurses in Wuhan with a depression scale, family function scale, and 10-item psychological resilience scale, respectively. The factors associated with depressive symptoms were identified using the chi-square test and binary logistic regression analysis. RESULTS A total of 126 respondents were included in the study. The overall prevalence of depression was 25.2%. The need for mental health services was a potential risk factor for depressive symptoms, while family functioning and psychological resilience were potential protective factors. The COVID-19 pandemic poses a major challenge to the depressive symptoms of frontline nursing in Wuhan, highlighting the need for all frontline nurses in Wuhan to be screened for depression regularly for timely intervention. CONCLUSIONS To mitigate the impact of the pandemic on depression, psychological interventions for frontline nurses need to be implemented to preserve their mental health.

Depressive Symptoms and Sleep Duration as Risk Factors for Breast Cancer - China, 2020.

Psychological and lifestyle factors are known to potentially play a significant role in the development of breast cancer. However, current evidence-based studies present controversial findings on the associations between depression, sleep duration, and breast cancer risk. This study investigated the potential risk factors of depressive symptoms and short sleep duration for breast cancer within the Breast Cancer Cohort Study in Chinese Women. The findings revealed that women experiencing depressive symptoms and short sleep duration exhibited a heightened risk of developing breast cancer, particularly among the older population. Public policy ought to prioritize early health education interventions targeting psychological factors in order to facilitate the prevention of breast cancer.

The relationship between body dissatisfaction and postpartum depressive symptoms: A cross-sectional study

BackgroundWomen are least satisfied with their bodies during the postpartum period. There is a potential correlation between body dissatisfaction and depressive symptoms post delivery.The aim of this study was to explore the relationship of appearance and body areas satisfaction with depressive symptoms and examine the risk factors of depressive symptoms at 4–6 weeks postpartum. MethodsA total of 330 postpartum women participated in the study. Body dissatisfaction was measured using the Appearance Evaluation (AE) scale and Body Areas Satisfaction Scale (BASS), while depressive symptoms were measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), 4–6 weeks postpartum. ResultsThe prevalence of postpartum depressive symptoms among postpartum women was 40 % while 12.1 % of the women had thoughts of self-harm. Those with depressive symptoms or thoughts of self-harm had lower AE and BASS scores. Body dissatisfaction was significantly associated with factors such as postpartum weight retention of >5 kgs, no exercise, lower education level, and cesarean delivery. The three body areas that women were most dissatisfied with were weight, mid-torso, and lower torso. Education level, delivery method, and BASS score significantly predicted postpartum depressive symptoms. LimitationsThe selection bias might have occurred if those with depressive symptoms neglected routine postpartum care visits due to emotional distress. ConclusionsThe results indicate an association between body dissatisfaction and depressive symptoms at 4–6 weeks postpartum. Awareness of this relationship and focus on these risk factors will help healthcare providers plan peripartum programs to decrease the likelihood of postpartum depressive symptoms.

Prevalence and factors associated to depression and anxiety among medical students in an inland university in Brazil

Medical schools are known to be stressful environments for students and hence medical students have been believed to experience greater incidences of depression and anxiety than the general population or students from other specialties. The present study investigates the prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms together with factors associated with them among medical students in a public federal university in the south of Brazil. A descriptive study was performed using self-administered questionnaires to access socio-demographic, institutional and health variables in association with two scales - Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) - designed to assess depressive and anxiety symptoms, respectively. The research sample consisted of 152 subjects. The depressive symptoms prevalence was 65.1% (BDI > 9), state-anxiety was 98.6% and trait-anxiety 97.4% (STAI > 33). Among women, 37.8% demonstrated moderate/severe depressive symptoms. High levels of state-anxiety symptoms and trait-anxiety symptoms were found in 44.7% of students under age 20. In the group with the lowest monthly income, it was observed the highest distributions for moderate/severe depressive symptoms, high state and high trait-anxiety symptoms, corresponding to 47.4%, 57.9% and 47.4%, respectively. Students attending the 3rd term of medical school had the highest percentage of moderate/severe depressive symptoms (62.5%) and high state-anxiety symptoms (50%). In addition, students who had both financial aid programs presented the highest percentages at moderate/severe depressive symptoms (46.2%), high state-anxiety symptoms (61.5%) and high trait-anxiety symptoms (46.2%). We also observed a correlation between depression and trait-anxiety symptoms (P = 0.037). In conclusion, it was identified as risk factors for depressive symptoms the previous depression diagnosis, previous search for health service due to psychological symptoms, being in financial aid programs, dissatisfaction with the medical school and inadequate psychological help offered by it. For state-anxiety symptoms and trait-anxiety outcome, there is an increased risk among low-income or students who have financial help from financial aid programs and younger age students.

DUAL SENSORY LOSS AND DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS: FINDINGS FROM THE LONGITUDINAL AGING STUDY IN INDIA (LASI)

Abstract Prior work suggests that vision and hearing loss may be risk factors for depressive symptoms in older adults. However, few studies have focused on the relationship of both vision and hearing loss (dual sensory loss, DSL) and depressive symptoms. Using the first nationally representative population study from LASI in India conducted from 2017-2019, Poisson models tested the association of DSL with depressive symptoms. Self-reported vision and hearing loss were associated with increased depressive symptoms (PR 1.29; 95%CI, 1.25-1.33 and 1.15; 95%CI, 1.09-1.22) after adjusting for age, sex, education, economic status, marital status, urbanicity, region, diabetes, heart disease, hypertension, stroke, and smoking. DSL had a 46% higher risk (95% CI, 1.37-1.56) of depressive symptoms. Poor vision and/or hearing loss may be a risk factor for depressive symptoms in adults in India aged ≥45 years. The risk of depressive symptoms in those with sensory loss should be investigated in further studies.

Cognitive Impairment Mediates the Association between Dietary Inflammation and Depressive Symptoms in the Elderly

The underlying mechanism in both cognitive impairment and depression was chronic inflammation, which could be reflected by the dietary inflammatory index (DII). However, the effect of cognitive impairment on the association between DII and depression was not clear. Therefore, in this study, we hypothesized that cognitive impairment could mediate the association between dietary inflammation and depressive symptoms. A total of 2550 participants aged ≥60 from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in 2011-2014 were involved in the serial, cross-sectional study. Proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory diets were measured by DII. Cognitive impairment was measured by four dimensions, CERAD-immediate, CERAN-delayed, animal fluency test, and DSST. Depressive symptoms were measured by PHQ-9 scores. We found that a proinflammatory diet and cognitive impairment were both risk factors for depressive symptoms. An interaction between an inflammatory diet and cognitive impairment was detected (P-interaction = 0.060). In addition, all four dimensions of cognition mediated the association between DII and depressive symptom scores. Part of the association between DII and depressive symptoms scores could be explained by different dimensions of cognitive function, and the proportion of mediation ranged from 10.0% to 36.7%. In conclusion, cognitive impairment levels partly mediated the association between DII and depressive symptoms.

Low Bone Density as a Risk Factor for Depressive Symptoms in Elderly Patients With Non-Dialysis Dependent CKD

Low Bone Density as a Risk Factor for Depressive Symptoms in Elderly Patients With Non-Dialysis Dependent CKD

Relative deprivation and depressive symptoms among Chinese migrant children: The impacts of self-esteem and belief in a just world.

Studies have shown that relative deprivation is a risk factor for depressive symptoms, but the underlying mechanisms are not yet clarified. Thus, this study formulated a moderated mediation model to investigate the mediating role of self-esteem and the moderating role of belief in a just world between relative deprivation and depressive symptoms among rural-to-urban migrant children. A sample of 1,076 Chinese migrant children (M age = 12.25 years, SD = 1.66) completed measurements of relative deprivation, self-esteem, belief in a just world, and depressive symptoms. Furthermore, the mediating mechanism and moderating effect of the study were explored with the SPSS PROCESS macro (Models 4 and 7). The results showed a significant positive association between relative deprivation and depressive symptoms, with self-esteem partially mediating this association. Moreover, belief in a just world moderated the association between relative deprivation and self-esteem. Namely, the indirect effect of self-esteem was moderated by belief in a just world. Specifically, the mediating effect was stronger for migrant children with higher levels of belief in a just world. These findings broaden our knowledge of how and when relative deprivation influences depressive symptoms among migrant children. Therefore, appropriate measures should be taken to prevent and manage migrant children' depression and provide them with corresponding guidance. Some measures could be taken by schools and educators to help migrant children with high relative deprivation in improving their self-esteem and belief in a just world, such as self-reference tasks and psychological intervention programs.

Status and Determinants of Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression among Food Delivery Drivers in Shanghai, China.

(1) Background: The psychological status of employees, especially vulnerable populations, has received considerable research attention. However, as a newly emerging and popular occupation in the gig industry, food delivery drivers have received little attention. The majority of these workers are immigrants who are already in a precarious position due to a lack of available jobs, inadequate medical care, poor diets, and communication and acculturation difficulties even before they take these jobs, which involve long working hours and exposure to the elements. (2) Methods: To examine the anxiety and depression symptoms of these workers and possible influencing factors, a cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of food delivery drivers working for the Meituan Company (one of the largest e-platform companies in China). Anxiety and depression scales were adapted from the GAD-7, and the PHQ-9 was used to assess participants’ related symptoms. Differences were compared in terms of sociodemographic, work situation, and lifestyle variables. Binary logistic regressions were conducted to analyze the effects of various factors on the two psychological dimensions. (3) Results: Among the 657 participants, the proportions of participants reporting anxiety and depression symptoms were 46.0% and 18.4%, respectively. Lack of communication with leaders (ORAN = 2.620, 95% CI: 1.528–4.493, p < 0.001; ORDE = 1.928, 95% CI: 1.039–3.577, p = 0.037) and poor sleep quality (ORAN = 2.152, 95% CI: 1.587–2.917, p < 0.001; ORDE = 2.420, 95% CI: 1.672–3.504, p < 0.001) were significant risk factors for both anxiety and depression symptoms. Women (OR = 2.679, 95% CI: 1.621–4.427, p < 0.001), those who climbed ≥31 floors per day (OR = 2.415, 95% CI: 1.189–4.905, p = 0.015), and those with a high frequency of breakfast consumption (OR = 3.821, 95% CI: 1.284–11.369, p = 0.016) were more likely to have anxiety symptoms. Participants who earned less than 5000 RMB (OR = 0.438, 95% CI: 0.204–0.940, p = 0.034), were unwilling to seek medical help (OR = 3.549, 95% CI: 1.846–6.821, p < 0.001), or had a high frequency of smoking (OR = 5.107, 95% CI: 1.187–21.981, p = 0.029) were more likely to be depressive. (4) Conclusion: The existence of communication channels with leaders and good sleep quality are protective factors for anxiety and depression symptoms. Participants who were female, climbed ≥31floors per day, and had a high frequency of eating breakfast were more likely to have anxiety symptoms, while earning less, unwillingness to seek medical help, and a high frequency of smoking were risk factors for depression symptoms.

Sexual Desire in the Time of COVID-19: How COVID-Related Stressors Are Associated with Sexual Desire in Romantic Relationships.

The COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting social distancing measures have caused widespread social and economic disruptions, resulting in spikes in unemployment and financial instability, along with drastic changes to people's ability to feel socially connected. Many of the changes resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic are risk factors for depressive symptoms, which are associated with lower levels of sexual desire. The current research (N = 4,993) examined whether responses to external stressors brought on by COVID-19 (i.e., financial concern, worry, loneliness, stress) were associated with sexual desire among a multi-national sample of people in relationships (Studies 1–2), and whether this association was, in part, due to reports of depressive symptoms (Study 2). In the period immediately following the onset of the pandemic, more financial concern (Study 1) and worry (Study 2) were associated with higher sexual desire, while other factors, like stress (Studies 1–2), were associated with lower desire. We also followed a subset of participants every two weeks during the initial stages of the pandemic and at times when people reported greater stress, loneliness, financial strain, or worry than their average, they reported greater depressive symptoms, which was, in turn, associated with lower sexual desire. Results suggest that the social isolation and stress resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic have mixed associations with sexual desire at the onset of the pandemic. But over time, when people report heightened COVID-related stressors, they tend to report lower sexual desire for their partner, in part because these stressors are associated with more depressive symptoms.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10508-022-02365-w.

Physical inactivity amplifies the negative association between sleep quality and depressive symptoms

Poor sleep quality and physical inactivity are known risk factors for depressive symptoms. Yet, whether these factors differently contribute to depressive symptoms and whether they interact with one another remains unclear. Here, we examined how sleep quality and physical activity influence depressive symptoms in 79,274 adults 50 years of age or older (52.4% women) from the Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) study. Sleep quality (poor vs. good), physical activity (inactive vs. active), and depressive symptoms (0 to 12 score) were repeatedly collected (7 waves of data collection) between 2004 and 2017. Results showed that sleep quality and physical activity were associated with depressive symptoms. Specifically, participants with poorer sleep quality reported more depressive symptoms than participants with better sleep quality (b = 1.85, 95% CI = 1.83–1.86, p < .001). Likewise, compared to physically active participants, physically inactive participants reported more depressive symptoms (b = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.42–0.45, p < .001). Moreover, sleep quality and physical activity showed an interactive association with depressive symptoms (b = 0.17, 95% CI = 0.13–0.20, p < .001). The negative association between poor sleep quality and higher depressive symptoms was stronger in physically inactive than active participants. These findings suggest that, in adults 50 years of age or older, both poor sleep quality and physical inactivity are related to an increase in depressive symptoms. Moreover, the detrimental association between poor sleep quality and depressive symptoms is amplified in physically inactive individuals.

Depression and Associated Factors Among Men Living with HIV/AIDS Aged 50 Years and Over in Chongqing, China.

PurposeThis study aimed to assess the proportion of depression and its associated factors among men living with HIV/AIDS and aged 50 and over in Chongqing, China.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 774 men diagnosed as HIV/AIDS and aged 50 and over in four regions. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews with a structured questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with depression. A two-tailed P-value less than 0.05 was considered as statistical significance.ResultsA total of 293 participants (37.9%) reported depressive symptoms. Results from multivariate logistic regression suggested that individuals aged ≥70 (AOR = 1.99, 95% CI: 1.28–3.08) and those living in rural areas (AOR = 2.79, 95% CI: 1.96–3.97) were associated with higher odds of depression, while those being employed (AOR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.32–0.80) and with monthly income >3000 CNY (AOR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.30–3.74) had lower odds of depression.ConclusionOur findings indicate a high prevalence of depression among older men living with HIV/AIDS in Chongqing, China. Age, residence, employment, and income have been identified as potential risk factors of depressive symptoms. Mental-health intervention initiatives should be tailored to target adults with a higher risk of depression.

Relationship between unhealthy weight loss and depressive symptoms among adolescents in Chongqing City

To investigate the relationship between unhealthy weight loss behaviors and depressive symptoms among adolescents in Chongqing. From October to November in 2019, 4 urban combined junior and senior high school and 4 rural combined junior and senior high school in Chongqing were selected by stratified cluster sampling method, and the unhealthy weight loss behavior questionnaire and the center for epidemiological studies depression scale(CES-D scale) were used to investigate the weight loss behavior and depression symptoms of junior one to senior three students. A total of 3969 subjects were enrolled, including 1479(37.26%) males and 2490(62.73%) females. Chi-square test was used to analyze the relationship between general demographic characteristics and depressive symptoms, and binary Logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between unhealthy weight loss behavior and depressive symptoms. Among the 3969 subjects, 2972(74.88%) reported unhealthy weight loss behaviors, and 1459(36.76%) had depressive symptoms. There were significant differences in depressive symptoms among adolescents with different gender(χ~2=34.83, P&lt;0.01), school type(χ~(2 )=6.75, P&lt;0.01), father&apos;s parenting style(χ~2=159.64, P&lt;0.01), mother&apos;s parenting style(χ~2=160.10, P&lt;0.01), family economic conditions(χ~2=63.88, P&lt;0.01), learning pressure(χ~2=207.53, P&lt;0.01), number of close friends(χ~2=177.52, P&lt;0.01)and number of school health education classes(χ~2=31.60, P&lt;0.01). Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that unhealthy weight loss behavior was a risk factor for depressive symptoms(OR=1.436, P&lt;0.01), and unhealthy weight loss level was positively correlated with the prevalence of depressive symptoms(OR&gt;0, P&lt;0.01). There was a positive correlation between unhealthy weight loss behavior and depressive symptoms among adolescents in Chongqing.

Nutrient deficiency profiles and depression: A latent class analysis study of American population

BackgroundResearch into the effects of nutrition on depression is often performed by examining the effects of singular nutrients and dietary styles (e.g.: vegan, Mediterranean). The present study is the first one to establish the effects of patterns of nutritional deficiency within the American population and examines their effects on depression. MethodsData was drawn from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Latent class analysis was performed to identify homogeneous groups of nutrient deficiency. A 3-step analysis was performed to establish class-dependant differences in depression severity. BCH analysis revealed unique predictors of depression dependant on most probable class. ResultsAnalysis revealed 4 classes of nutrient deficiency. Magnesium and dietary fibre were the least endorsed. ‘Nutrient deprived’ individuals showed the highest depression severity (Mean = 4.137, SD = 0.337). Profiles were predicted by different socioeconomic and anthropogenic predictors with meeting minimum calories showing the strongest odds of not being nutrient deprived (OR between 5.44 and 11.11). Overall, age (β = −0.115, p ≤ 0.01) and income (β = −0.147, p ≤ 0.01) were the strongest protecting factors while being female (β = 0.128, p ≤ 0.01) and arthritis (β = 0.130, p ≤ 0.01) were the strongest risk factors. LimitationsThe study involved binary variables based on minimum daily intakes and did not account for positive effects of exceeding minimum recommended doses. ConclusionsThe study supports the notion of a negative relationship between good nutrition and depression. Finding unique risk factors for depression symptoms supports the utility of nutrient deficiency profiling.

Prevalence and risk factors of depressive symptoms among 140,259 college students during the COVID-19 epidemic normalization in China: A cross-sectional survey.

ObjectiveCollege students are one of the most vulnerable populations to the COVID-19 pandemic's mental health effects. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, we wanted to see how common depressive symptoms were among college students and what factors contributed to that.MethodsBetween 21 and 27 May 2021, 140,259 college students from three cities in Henan Province, China, were involved. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 was used to determine depressive symptoms (PHQ-9). Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs for potential depressive symptom factors.ResultsMild depressive symptoms and above are present in 21.12% of college students. Women had a higher prevalence of mild depressive symptoms than men (61.38 vs. 59.75%), and depressive symptoms were most prevalent among rural students and least prevalent among city students (21.44 vs. 20.29%). Participants with depressive symptoms are also more likely to have a poor-behavioral status. From none-to-severe depressive symptoms, 78.88, 15.78, 2.80, 1.67, and 0.88% had them. Gender, residential location, and behavioral status were found to be associated with depressive symptoms after adjusting for potential confounders.ConclusionThis cross-sectional study identified the factors that influence the prevalence of depression in college students. It found that the government should pay more attention to mental health issues affecting college students in combating the COVID-19 epidemic normalization.

Sasang Constitution May Act as a Risk Factor for Depressive Symptoms-A Survey for Local Residence.

This study investigated whether a person’s Sasang constitution (SC) could be a risk factor for depressive symptoms. We classified the SC of 653 participants into Taeeumin (TE), Soeumin (SE), and Soyangin (SY), using the KS–15 questionnaire. We also categorized them into depressive and non-depressive symptom groups using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale questionnaire. A t-test and chi-square test were used to compare the general characteristics of the depressive and non-depressive symptom groups. A one-way analysis of variance compared the scores of depressive symptoms according to SC, and a multiple logistic regression obtained the odds ratios (ORs); p < 0.05. The depressive symptom score for SE (13.6 ± 9.97) was significantly higher than that for SY (9.2 ± 6.51) and TE (10.8 ± 7.70; p < 0.001; SE > TE, SY, Scheffé). SE was associated with an increased prevalence of depressive symptoms compared with SY (OR: 2.315; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.389–3.860, p < 0.01) and TE (OR: 1.660; 95% CI: 1.076–2.561, p < 0.05), as well as an increased prevalence of depressive symptoms compared with SY (OR: 2.907; 95% CI: 1.379–6.144, p < 0.01) after adjusting for average height and distribution of living with family, medication, and drinking. This study reveals that SC, particularly SE, could be significantly associated with and be considered a risk factor for depressive symptoms.

Predictive factors for enhanced community mental health vulnerability in this COVID-19 pandemic era.

ObjectiveExplore the mental health status and its influencing factors of local community residents under the post-epidemic era of COVID-19 in China.MethodsThe basic information scale, self-rating depression scale (SDS) and self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) were used to carry out an online questionnaire survey among community residents in Jiangsu Province, China, and the influencing factors of depression and anxiety were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression.ResultsA total of 993 residents completed the mental health survey. It was found that the incidence of depressive and anxiety symptoms was 37.06% and 22.86%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that women [OR (95% CI) = 26.239 (14.743-46.698)], college degree and above [OR (95% CI) = 1.843 (1.085-3.130)] and ordinary residents [OR (95% CI) = 2.222 (1.441-3.425)] were risk factors for depressive symptoms, urban residents had lower risk [OR (95% CI) = 0.655 (0.394-0.829)]. Women [OR (95% CI) = 33.595 (15.812-71.381)], ordinary residents [OR (95% CI) = 3.017 (1.602-5.680)] were risk factors for anxiety symptoms, while the incidence was reduced in professional and technical personnel [OR (95% CI) = 0.271 (0.123-0.597)], workers [OR (95% CI) = 0.383 (0.168-0.876)], soldiers or policemen [OR (95% CI) = 0.200 (0.042-0.961)], married residents [OR (95% CI) = 0.463 (0.230-0.931)], and urban residents [OR (95% CI) = 0.531 (0.251-0.824)].ConclusionThe incidence of symptoms of depression and anxiety among residents was relatively high under the post-epidemic era of COVID-19, which could be affected by various factors.

Bullying victimization and depressive symptoms in Chinese adolescents: the roles of belief in a just world and classroom-level victimization.

Studies have demonstrated that bullying victimization is a risk factor for depressive symptoms; however, little is known about the underlying processes that may mediate or moderate this relationship. To address this research gap, this study examined the mediating effects of personal and general belief in a just world (BJW) and the moderating effect of classroom-level victimization on the relationship between bullying victimization and depressive symptoms. Using a short-term longitudinal design, two-wave data were obtained from 2,551 Chinese adolescents (initial age = 12.99 ± 0.61, 52.2% boys) from 47 classes over 6months. The results indicated that Time 1 personal BJW mediated the relationship between Time 1 bullying victimization and Time 2 depressive symptoms. Furthermore, the mediating effect of Time 1 personal BJW was moderated by Time 1 classroom-level victimization; this effect was stronger for adolescents in classrooms with low levels of victimization. These findings contribute to our understanding of how and when bullying victimization impacts youth depressive symptoms. Education practitioners should pay special attention to personal BJW in victimized adolescents, especially when classroom-level victimization is low.

Pandemic stressors and depressive symptoms: Examining within- and between-person effects of neuroticism

Experiencing stressors related to the COVID-19 pandemic such as health-related concern, social isolation, occupational disruption, financial insecurity, and resource scarcity can adversely impact mental health; however, the extent of the impact varies greatly between individuals. In this study, we examined the role of neuroticism as an individual-level risk factor that exacerbates the association between pandemic stressors and depressive symptoms. With repeated assessments of pandemic stressors and depressive symptoms collected from 3181 participants over the course of the pandemic, we used multilevel modeling to test if neuroticism moderated the association between pandemic stressors and depressive symptoms at both between- and within-person levels. At the between-person level, we found that participants who reported more pandemic stressors on average had higher levels of depressive symptoms and that this association was stronger among those high in neuroticism. At the within-person level, reporting more pandemic stressors relative to one's average on any given occasion was also associated with heightened depressive symptoms and this effect was similarly exacerbated by neuroticism. The findings point to pandemic stressor exposure and neuroticism as risk factors for depressive symptoms and, in demonstrating their synergistic impact, may help identify individuals at greatest risk for adverse psychological responses to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Prevalence and risk factors associated with self-reported psychological distress among college students during the omicron outbreak in Shanghai.

BackgroundMore and more attention has been paid to the mental health of students in higher education. The Omicron outbreak has brought renewed attention to this vulnerable group.ObjectiveTo understand the prevalence and influencing factors of anxiety symptoms and depression symptoms of college students in a closed state.MethodsThis large cross-sectional study using data from a survey on the mental health of college students in Shanghai (China), conducted by using a stratified cluster random sampling method between March 15th and April 15th, 2022. To estimate results related to regional location, only data from students with Internet protocol addresses and current addresses in Shanghai were included. The main outcome was self-reported psychological distress (including depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and self-assessment of health), measured using the epidemiologic studies depression scale (CES-D), the Spielberger state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI) and self-rated mental health (SRMH), respectively. Moreover, the Simplified Coping Style Scale (SCSS) was also used to assess how participants coped with negative emotions.ResultsAmong 13,000 college students who completed the survey, 12,124 students were included in the final analysis, and the total effective rate was 93.3%. The prevalence of depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms were 14.1 and 9.8%, respectively. By using Multivariate logistics regression analysis, we found that being male and negative coping were risk factors for depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms, while positive coping, such as study or learning, were protective factors. Moreover, linear regression analysis showed that learning or study improved the overall mental health index by improving anxiety or depressive symptoms, and played a partial mediating role.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that a significant number of college students, especially boys, will experience emotional problems during the course of closed schools. Therefore, we need to give them proper attention and advise them to adopt positive coping strategies, such as learning or study, to resist bad emotions.