Risk Factors For Deep Vein Thrombosis Research Articles

Effect of muscle strength on deep vein thrombosis: A Mendelian randomization study.

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a serious condition characterized by blood clots in deep veins, posing a significant public health burden. Muscle strength has been implicated as a potential risk factor for DVT due to its influence on venous return. This study aims to investigate the causal association between muscle strength and DVT using a Mendelian randomization (MR) approach, leveraging genetic variants as instrumental variables (IVs). We conducted a 2-sample MR analysis using genome-wide association study (GWAS) data for hand-grip strength and DVT. IVs were selected based on their significant associations with muscle strength and DVT, as well as their linkage disequilibrium patterns. We employed statistical methods including inverse-variance weighting (IVW), MR-Egger, and weighted median to address pleiotropy bias. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to evaluate the robustness of the results. A total of 21 and 14 independent IVs were identified for hand grip strength (EWGSOP) and hand grip strength (FNIH), respectively. IVW analysis revealed a consistent causal and negative association between both definitions of hand grip strength and DVT (EWGSOP: OR = 0.702, 95% CI: 0.511-0.964, P = .029; FNIH: OR = 0.715, 95% CI: 0.570-0.898, P = .004). No directional pleiotropy was detected in MR-Egger and MR-PRESSO analyses for either definition (EWGSOP: MR-Egger Intercept P = .516; MR-PRESSO global test P = .162; FNIH: MR-Egger Intercept P = .569; MR-PRESSO global test P = .371).Sensitivity analyses demonstrated the stability of the causal effect estimates, with little influence from individual IVs. The MR analysis provided evidence of a causal association between muscle strength and DVT risk, suggesting that increasing muscle strength may have a protective effect. These findings have implications for preventive strategies and the promotion of resistance exercises and muscle-strengthening activities. Further research and validation of these results could inform clinical guidelines and interventions for DVT prevention.

Construction and validation of a predictive model for preoperative lower extremity deep vein thrombosis risk in elderly hip fracture patients: An observational study.

The aim of this study was to identify independent risk factors for preoperative lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in elderly hip fracture patients and to construct a nomogram prediction model based on them. We collected clinical data from elderly hip fracture patients from Ya'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (2021-2023), and used univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses to identify independent risk factors for preoperative DVT. In this way, a nomogram prediction model was established. In addition, external validation of the model was performed by patient data from Ya'an Mingshan District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to calculate the area under the curve, and calibration and decision curves were plotted to assess the predictive performance of the model. Of the 223 elderly hip fracture patients, 23 (10.31%) developed DVT of the lower extremities before surgery. A total of 6 variables were identified as independent risk factors for preoperative lower extremity DVT in elderly hip fracture patients by logistic regression analysis: age > 75 years (OR = 1.932; 95% CI: 1.230-3.941), diabetes mellitus (OR = 2.139; 95% CI: 1.149-4.342), and prolonged duration of disease (OR. 2.535; 95% CI: 1.378-4.844), surgical treatment (OR = 1.564; 95% CI: 1.389-3.278), D-dimer > 0.5 mg/L (OR = 3.365; 95% CI: 1.229-7.715) fibrinogen > 4 g/L (OR = 3.473; 95% CI: 1.702-7.078). The constructed nomogram model has high accuracy in predicting the risk of preoperative DVT in elderly hip fracture patients, providing an effective tool for clinicians to identify high-risk patients and implement early intervention.

Risk factors for deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremity after total hip arthroplasty

ObjectiveTo investigate the risk factors for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) following total hip arthroplasty (THA).MethodsPatients who underwent THA in the Department of Joint Surgery at the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from September 2020 to December 2022 were retrospectively selected based on inclusion criteria. They were divided into the DVT group (n = 65) and the non-DVT group (n = 397) according to the occurrence of postoperative DVT. The following variables were reviewed for both groups: age, sex, Body Mass Index (BMI), affected limb, previous history (smoking and drinking), diabetes, hypertension, operation time, total cholesterol, triglycerides, fibrinogen, hemoglobin, albumin, platelets, D-dimer, International Normalized Ratio (INR), and fibrin degradation products. Univariate analysis was conducted on these factors, and those with statistical significance were further analyzed using a binary logistic regression model to assess their correlation with DVT after THA.ResultsA total of 462 patients were included in the study, with the DVT group representing approximately 14% and the non-DVT group approximately 86%. The DVT group had an average age of 67.27 ± 4.10 years, while the non-DVT group had an average age of 66.72 ± 8.69 years. Univariate analysis revealed significant differences in diabetes mellitus, preoperative fibrinogen, preoperative D-dimer, preoperative INR, and preoperative and postoperative fibrin degradation products between the DVT and non-DVT groups. Binary logistic regression analysis identified diabetes mellitus, elevated preoperative fibrinogen, preoperative D-dimer, and preoperative INR (p < 0.05) as risk factors for DVT after THA.ConclusionThis study found that diabetes mellitus, elevated preoperative fibrinogen, preoperative D-dimer, and preoperative INR are independent risk factors for DVT following THA. Surgeons should thoroughly assess these risk factors, implement timely and effective interventions, and guide patients to engage in functional exercises as early as possible to reduce the incidence of DVT, thereby improving the outcomes of THA and improving patient quality of life.

Analysis of Deep Vein Thrombosis: A Prospective Observational Study.

Objective This prospective observational study aimed to investigate the prevalence, acquired risk factors, and treatment outcomes of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) at a tertiary care center in India. Materials and methods Conducted from 2022 to 2024, the study included 100 patients diagnosed with lower extremity DVT. The study subjects included patients visiting the general surgery, vascular surgery, surgical gastroenterology, general medicine, emergency medicine, and obstetrics and gynecology departments with symptoms suggestive of DVT. The primary objectives were to evaluate the effectiveness of conventional anticoagulation and thrombolytic therapy as well as to assess the various acquired risk factors for DVT. Patients underwent comprehensive clinical and biochemical evaluations, including venous Doppler ultrasound, and were treated based on their clinical presentations. The study's primary end outcome was early recanalization rates on day 14 post-initiation of treatment and occurrence of post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS). Secondary outcome measures included duration of hospital stay, time taken to return to workand early complications. Results The highest incidence of DVT was in individuals in their forties, with a mean age of 44.84+/-11.71 years and a female preponderance of 58% (n=58). Key acquired risk factors identified included hypertension (25%; n=25), diabetes mellitus (20%; n=20), obesity (16%; n=16), and smoking (34%; n=34). Obesity (16%; n=16), a history of DVT (25%; n=25), trauma/immobilization (9%; n=9), pregnancy (10%; n=10), smoking (34%; n=34), and cancer (20%; n=20) were also identified as important acquired risk factors contributing to the occurrence of DVT. Amongst the study participants, 28% (n=28) had femoro-popliteal segment involvement, 36% (n=36) had calf vein thrombosis, and the remaining 36% (n=36) showed femoro-iliac segment thrombosis. Conventional anticoagulation was administered to 69% (n=69) of patients, while 31% (n=31) received thrombolytic therapy. Both treatments showed similar recanalization rates, but thrombolytic therapy was associated with a longer hospital stay (8.61+/-1.65 days; p=0.024; p<0.05) and return to work period (14.65+/-2.31 days; p=0.012; p<0.05). Post-thrombotic syndrome was less common in the thrombolytic therapy group (3%; n=3). Three patients died in the study, with the cause being pulmonary embolism. The descriptive statistics were computed to delineate the study sample. After completion of data collection, data analysis was achieved using SPSS for Windows, Version 16 (Released 2007; SPSS Inc., Chicago, United States), and the correlations sought after were achieved using the chi-square test of significance. Conclusion The study underscores the importance of recognizing and managing acquired risk factors for DVT, thereby facilitating early diagnosis and ultimately reducing morbidity and mortality. Understanding these factors and employing effective treatment strategies are crucial for better management and prevention of DVT, enhancing patient outcomes.

Real-Time Monitoring of Lower Limb Oxygen Saturation in Children with Indwelling Catheters Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy to Assess the Risk of Deep Vein Thrombosis and Nursing Strategies

Objectives: To analyze the risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in children with indwelling catheters through near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) detection of lower limb crSaO2, and to implement corresponding nursing countermeasures against the risk. Methods: Using a convenience sampling method, 80 children with indwelling catheters were selected from the first pediatric intensive care unit of our hospital between January 2022 and December 2022. They were divided into two groups: The DVT group (N = 20) and the non-DVT group (N = 60), based on whether DVT occurred within 3 days of catheterization. Single-factor and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted using SPSS 27.0 software. Non-DVT patients were randomly divided into a study group and a control group using a random number table method, with 30 cases in each group. The control group received routine nursing measures, while the study group received nursing measures based on NIRS for detecting DVT risk in lower limb crSaO2 in children with indwelling catheters. The blood coagulation indexes [thrombin time (TT); activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT); fibrinogen (FIB); D-dimer (D-D)] of the two groups were compared at 3 days (T0), 7 days (T1), and 14 days (T2) after catheterization. The symptoms related to lower limb DVT during the study period were also recorded. Results: Multivariate logistic analysis showed that the independent risk factors for DVT in critically ill children with deep vein catheterization were bed rest time ≥ 3 days (OR = 2.963, 95% CI = 1.282 - 6.852), limb immobilization (OR = 2.843, 95% CI = 1.209 - 6.685), FIB (OR=57.765, 95% CI = 11.308 - 295.094), and D-D (OR = 3.415, 95% CI = 1.396 - 8.359) (P &lt; 0.05). Overall, there were statistical differences in the TT, APTT, FIB, and D-D indicators, as well as time and interaction among the study group's children (P &lt; 0.05). Before catheterization, there was no statistically significant difference in TT, APTT, FIB, and D-D between the two groups of children (P &gt; 0.05). Compared between groups, the TT, APTT, FIB, and D-D at T1 and T2 in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group, while lower limb crSaO2 was significantly higher than in the control group (P &lt; 0.05). Intra-group comparison showed statistically significant differences in TT, APTT, FIB, and D-D between the two groups of children (P &lt; 0.05). The incidence of DVT-related symptoms in the study group was significantly lower than in the control group (P &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: After deep vein catheterization, critically ill children are prone to be affected by extended bed rest and limb immobilization, resulting in the passive activation of the fibrinolytic system. Moreover, multidisciplinary team collaborative nursing measures based on NIRS technology can effectively improve coagulation function and lower limb oxygen saturation, thereby avoiding the occurrence of DVT-related symptoms.

Deep Vein Thrombosis

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a major preventable cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Venous thromboembolism (VTE), which includes DVT and pulmonary embolism (PE), affects an estimated 1 per 1,000 people and contributes to 60,000–100,000 deaths annually. Normal blood physiology hinges on a delicate balance between pro- and anti-coagulant factors. Virchow’s Triad distills the multitude of risk factors for DVT into three basic elements favoring thrombus formation: venous stasis, vascular injury, and hypercoagulability. Clinical, biochemical, and radiological tests are used to increase the sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing DVT.

Frequency and Risk Factors of Deep Venous Thrombosis in Aged Patients with Intertrochanteric Fracture on Admission.

To investigate the frequency of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in patients aged over 80 years on admission after intertrochanteric femur fracture and to explore the risk factors of DVT. Descriptive study. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Orthopaedics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China, from 1st January 2019 to 31st December 2022. A group of patients aged over 80 years with intertrochanteric fracture were included according to the presence or absence of DVT confirmed by ultrasonography on admission. The patients were divided into the non-DVT and DVT groups. Clinical data were retrospectively compared between the two groups and analysed by multivariate logistic regression to screen risk factors of DVT. A total of 130 patients meeting the inclusion criteria were enrolled, and 37 of them had DVT on admission, with a prevalence of 28.5%, including 25 (67.6%) distal peripheral DVT, 11 (29.7%) proximal central DVT, and 1 (2.7%) mixed DVT. The American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) classification, Charlson comorbidity index, the serum levels of D-dimer, fibrinogen degradation products, albumin, potassium, inorganic phosphorus, and calcium showed significant differences between the two groups (p <0.1). Multivariate analysis identified increased D-dimer (>6.005 mg/L), decreased albumin (<36.45 g/L), and reduced potassium (<3.650 mmol/L) as independent factors for DVT in aged intertrochanteric fracture patients (AIFPs). A high incidence of DVT was revealed in AIFPs, and elevated D-dimer levels, reduced albumin levels, and reduced potassium concentrations were shown to be correlated to DVT. Intertrochanteric fracture, Deep vein thrombosis, Aged patients, Risk factor, Multivariate logistic regression.

Anxiety and depression are associated with heightened risk of incident deep vein thrombosis: Mediation through stress-related neural mechanisms.

Controversy exists as to whether anxiety and depression increase deep vein thrombosis (DVT) risk, and the mechanisms mediating potential links remain unknown. We aimed to evaluate the association between anxiety and depression and DVT risk and determine whether upregulated stress-related neural activity (SNA), which promotes chronic inflammation, contributes to this link. Our retrospective study included adults (N = 118 871) enrolled in Mass General Brigham Biobank. A subset (N = 1520) underwent clinical 18F-FDG-PET/CT imaging. SNA was measured as the ratio of amygdalar to cortical activity (AmygAC). High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and heart rate variability (HRV) were also obtained. Median age was 58 [interquartile range (IQR) 42-70] years with 57% female participants. DVT occurred in 1781 participants (1.5%) over median follow-up of 3.6 years [IQR 2.1-5.2]. Both anxiety and depression independently predicted incident DVT risk after robust adjustment (HR [95% CI]: 1.53 [1.38-1.71], p < .001; and 1.48 [1.33-1.65], p < .001, respectively). Additionally, both anxiety and depression associated with increased AmygAC (standardized beta [95% CI]: 0.16 [0.04-0.27], p = .007, and 0.17 [0.05-0.29], p = .006, respectively). Furthermore, AmygAC associated with incident DVT (HR [95% CI]: 1.30 [1.07-1.59], p = .009). Mediation analysis demonstrated that the link between anxiety/depression and DVT was mediated by: (1) higher AmygAC, (2) higher hs-CRP, and (3) lower HRV ( < .05 for each). Anxiety and depression confer an attributable risk of DVT similar to other traditional DVT risk factors. Mechanisms appear to involve increased SNA, autonomic system activity, and inflammation. Future studies are needed to determine whether treatment of anxiety and depression can reduce DVT risk.

Risk of pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis following COVID-19: a nationwide cohort study.

Recent studies elucidate that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients may face a higher risk of cardiovascular complications. This study aimed to evaluate association of COVID-19 with the risk of pulmonary embolism (PE) or deep vein thrombosis (DVT). This nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study included Korean adult citizens between January 2021 and March 2022 from the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency COVID-19 National Health Insurance Service cohort. The Fine and Gray's regression with all-cause death as a competing event was adopted to evaluate PE and DVT risks after COVID-19. This study included a total of 1,601,835 COVID-19 patients and 14,011,285 matched individuals without COVID-19. The risk of PE (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 6.25; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.67-10.66; p<0.001) and DVT (aHR, 3.05; 95% CI, 1.75-5.29; p<0.001) was higher in COVID-19 group in individuals without complete COVID-19 vaccination. In addition, individuals with complete COVID-19 vaccination still had a higher risk of COVID-19-related PE (aHR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.15-1.88; p<0.001). However, COVID-19 was not a significant risk factor for DVT among those with complete COVID-19 vaccination. COVID-19 was identified as an independent factor that elevated PE and DVT risks, especially for individuals without complete COVID-19 vaccination.

Construction and validation of a predictive model for lower extremity deep vein thrombosis after total knee arthroplasty.

The aim was to investigate the independent risk factors for lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT) after total knee arthroplasty, and to establish a nomogram prediction model accordingly. Data were collected from total knee replacement patients from January 2022 to December 2023 in our hospital. Unifactorial and multifactorial logistic regression analyses were used to determine the independent risk factors for lower extremity DVT after total knee arthroplasty and to establish the corresponding nomogram. The receiver operating characteristic curves were plotted and the area under the curve was calculated, and the calibration curves and decision curves were plotted to evaluate the model performance. A total of 652 patients with total knee arthroplasty were included in the study, and 142 patients after total knee arthroplasty developed deep veins in the lower extremities, with an incidence rate of 21.78%. After univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses, a total of 5 variables were identified as independent risk factors for lower extremity DVT after total knee arthroplasty: age > 60 years (OR: 1.70; 95% CI: 1.23-3.91), obesity (OR: 1.51; 95% CI: 1.10-1.96), diabetes mellitus (OR: 1.80; 95% CI: 1.23-2.46), D-dimer > 0.5 mg/L (OR: 1.47; 95% CI: 1.07-1.78), and prolonged postoperative bed rest (OR: 1.64; 95% CI: 1.15-3.44). the nomogram constructed in this study for lower extremity DVT after total knee arthroplasty has good predictive accuracy, which helps physicians to intervene in advance in patients at high risk of lower extremity DVT after total knee arthroplasty.

Dynamic observation and risk factors analysis of deep vein thrombosis after hip fracture.

To dynamically observe the occurrence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) after a hip fracture and analyze of the risk factors affecting the dynamic alteration of DVT. Data of patients with hip fractures from January 1, 2017 to August 31, 2021 were collected. Patients were divided into DVT and non-DVT groups according to their daily Doppler ultrasonography findings. Survival analysis was used to describe dynamic changes in DVT occurrence with time. Log-rank tests were used to compare the influence of individual factors of patients with DVT occurrence, and a Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to identify the risk factors affecting the dynamic alteration of DVT occurrence. A total of 331 patients were included: 148(44.7%) had preoperative DVT, and 143 (96.6%) had DVT in the first 3days after admission. The probability of DVT was 0.42 on Day 1, 0.11 on Day 2, 0.10 on Day 3, 0.08 on Day 4, 0.20 on Day 5, and 0.00 on Day 6-7, with a median survival time of 3.30 d. Age>70 years, intertrochanteric fracture, admission hemoglobin<130g/L, and admission hematocrit<40% had a significantly higher occurrence rate of DVT. A hematocrit level of <40% (Hazard Ratio 2.079, 95% Confidence Interval:1.148-3.764, P = 0.016) was an independent risk factor for DVT. DVT after hip fractures mainly occurred in the first three days after admission, the trend was stabilized within one week, and day 1 had the highest rate of DVT incidence. Age, fracture type, HGB level, and Hct level affected dynamic occurrence of DVT. At constant other factors, Hct<40% was 2.079-fold incidence in the risk of preoperative DVT formation than those with Hct≥40% after hip fracture.

Impact of anemia on incidence of perioperative lower limb deep vein thrombosis in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty

To explore the impact of anemia on the incidence of perioperative lower limb deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA). A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data of 1 916 non-fracture patients who underwent THA between September 2015 and December 2021, meeting the selection criteria. Among them, there were 811 male and 1 105 female patients, aged between 18 and 94 years with an average of 59.2 years. Among the patients, 213 were diagnosed with anemia, while 1 703 were not. Preoperative DVT was observed in 55 patients, while 1 861 patients did not have DVT preoperatively (of which 75 patients developed new-onset DVT postoperatively). Univariate analysis was performed on variables including age, gender, body mass index (BMI), diabetes, hypertension, history of tumors, history of thrombosis, history of smoking, revision surgery, preoperative D-dimer positivity (≥0.5 mg/L), presence of anemia, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, transfusion requirement, and pre- and post-operative levels of red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelets. Furthermore, logistic regression was utilized for multivariate analysis to identify risk factors associated with DVT formation. Univariate analysis showed that age, gender, hypertension, revision surgery, preoperative levels of red blood cells, preoperative hemoglobin, preoperative D-dimer positivity, and anemia were influencing factors for preoperative DVT ( P<0.05). Further logistic regression analysis indicated that age (>60 years old), female, preoperative D-dimer positivity, and anemia were risk factors for preoperative DVT ( P<0.05). Univariate analysis also revealed that age, female, revision surgery, preoperative D-dimer positivity, anemia, transfusion requirement, postoperative level of red blood cells, and postoperative hemoglobin level were influencing factors for postoperative new-onset DVT ( P<0.05). Further logistic regression analysis indicated that age (>60 years old), female, and revision surgery were risk factors for postoperative new-onset DVT ( P<0.05). The incidence of anemia is higher among patients with preoperative DVT for THA, and anemia is an independent risk factor for preoperative DVT occurrence in THA. While anemia may not be an independent risk factor for THA postoperative new-onset DVT, the incidence of anemia is higher among patients with postoperative new-onset DVT.

High levels of soluble P-selectin, neutrophil extracellular traps, and myeloperoxidase as risk factor of deep vein thrombosis in malignancy patients receiving platinum-based chemotherapy

Backgrounds Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) is a disease entity comprising Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) and Pulmonary Embolism (PE). VTE events increase the mortality rate of patients with cancer receiving platinum-based chemotherapy. Soluble P-Selectin, Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NET), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) are risk factors associated with DVT in malignancy patients receiving platinum-based chemotherapy. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of soluble P-selectin, NET, and MPO as risk factors for DVT in patients with malignancy receiving platinum-based chemotherapy. Patients and Methods This study used a case-control design (matched pair case-control study) based on age and gender. The case group consisted of subjects with DVT, whereas the control group consisted of subjects without DVT. The subjects were 31 in each case and control groups. Soluble P-selectin, NET, and MPO levels were measured in each group. Results The mean age of case group was 50.26±12.15 years meanwhile in control group was 52.81±11.64 years. In the case group, 71% of the subjects were female, whereas 51.6% of the control group were male. Most subjects, either in the case group (71%) or the control group (71%), used carboplatin. In the case group, cervix malignancy was the most common malignancy (32.3%), whereas in the control group, it was nasopharyngeal malignancy (25.8%). High soluble P-selectin level was a risk factor for DVT (OR 3.38, CI 1.180 – 9.780, p=0.02). A high NET level was also a risk factor for DVT (OR 2.88, CI 1.026-8.074, p=0.04). The high MPO levels in this study could not be proven as a risk factor. Conclusions Soluble P-selectin and NET are risk factors that play a role in the pathophysiology of DVT through the pathomechanism of immunothrombosis induced by endothelial injury and activation of monocytes and neutrophils due to the use of platinum-based chemotherapy.

Clinical characteristics of lower extremity deep vein thrombosis in young vs. middle-aged adults: a single-center retrospective study.

The incidence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in the lower extremities is increasing in the younger population. However, there are fewer reported comparisons in the literature for lower extremity DVT. Patients aged <40 years admitted with lower-extremity DVT between January 2018 and December 2023 were retrospectively analyzed and followed up for 1 year. A total of 61 patients were included in the study and divided into two groups: 33 patients over 30 years of age (middle-aged group) and 28 patients under 30 years of age (young group). A significant gender difference was observed, with a higher proportion of males in the young group compared to the middle-aged group (P < 0.001). Five patients in the young group were treated with anticoagulation alone, whereas all patients in the middle-aged group underwent endovascular therapy. A higher prevalence of inferior vena cava thrombosis in the young group compared to the middle-aged group (60.71% vs. 33.3%, P = 0.032). The proportion of iliac vein stenosis was significantly higher in the middle-aged groups than in the young group (P = 0.002). There was no statistically significant difference in venous function scores (Villalta and rVCSS) between the two groups during both the preoperative period and the postoperative follow-up (P > 0.05). The incidence of lower-extremity DVT post-thrombotic syndrome and thrombus recurrence was higher in the young group than in the middle-aged group at 1 year postoperatively (PTS: 78.57% vs. 33.3%, P < 0.001, and thrombus recurrence: 28.57% vs. 9.09%, P < 0.05). Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that inferior vena cava thrombosis was an independent risk factor for severe DVT post-thrombotic syndrome and recurrent DVT (P < 0.05), whereas gender was an independent risk factor for recurrent DVT (P < 0.05). This study suggests differences in the clinical characteristics and prognosis of lower-extremity DVT.

Prevalence and risk factors for proximal deep vein thrombosis at admission in patients with traumatic fractures: a multicenter retrospective study.

This study aimed to determine the associated risk factors for proximal deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in patients with lower extremity and pelvic-acetabular fractures. The medical records of 4,056 patients with lower extremity and pelvic-acetabular fractures were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were classified into proximal or non-proximal DVT groups. Logistic regression models were used to determine the independent risk variables for proximal DVT. The predictive value of the related risk factors was further analyzed using receiver operating characteristic curves. The prevalence of proximal DVT was 3.16%. Sex, body mass index (BMI), fracture site, injury mechanism, diabetes, coronary heart disease (CHD), injury-to-admission interval, hematocrit, platelet counts, and D-dimer levels differed significantly between the two groups. BMI ≥ 24.0 kg/m2, femoral shaft fractures, high-energy injury, diabetes, injury-to-admission interval >24 h were independent risk factors for proximal DVT. CHD decreased the risk of proximal DVT. The platelet and D-dimer had high negative predictive value for predicting proximal DVT formation, with cut-off values of 174 × 109/L and 2.18 mg/L, respectively. BMI ≥ 24.0 kg/m2, femoral shaft fractures, high-energy injury, diabetes, injury-to-admission interval >24 h were independent risk factors for proximal DVT in patients with lower extremity and pelvic-acetabular fractures. Platelet count and D-dimer level were effective indicators for excluding proximal DVT occurrence. CHD decreased the risk of proximal DVT.

The Value of Coagulation-Related Indicators Combined with Vascular Ultrasound Parameters in the Risk Assessment of Deep Vein Thrombosis after Secondary Traumatic Fracture Surgery.

The incidence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) after traumatic fracture is high, and DVT causes serious adverse effects on the postoperative recovery of patients. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of coagulation-related indicators combined with vascular ultrasound measurements for the risk assessment of DVT after secondary traumatic fracture, and to provide a new method for predicting the occurrence of DVT. The clinical data of patients with secondary traumatic fracture surgery in our hospital from January 2019 to January 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into a non-DVT group and a DVT group according to whether DVT was indicated in the medical record system. The coagulation-related indices and vascular ultrasound measurements of the two groups were compared, and the risk factors for postoperative DVT were analyzed by bivariate correlation and multivariate logistic regression. According to the medical record system, 55 patients (47.41%) had DVT, and 61 patients (52.59%) did not have DVT. There was no significant difference in prothrombin time (PT) or activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) between the two groups (p > 0.05). The thrombin time (TT) in the DVT group was lower than that in the non-DVT group. The levels of fibrinogen (FIB) and D-dimer (D-D) in the DVT group were higher than those in the non-DVT group (t = 2.766, 3.242, 2.649, p = 0.007, 0.002, 0.009). Spearman correlation analysis showed that peak systolic velocity (Vs), end-diastolic velocity (Vd), pulsatility index (PI), resistance index (RI), FIB, and D-D were positively correlated with the risk of DVT after secondary traumatic fracture surgery (r = 0.264, 0.656, 0.293, 0.276, 0.287, 0.251, p < 0.05). TT was negatively correlated with DVT risk after secondary traumatic fracture surgery (r = -0.249, p < 0.05). The measurements of peak systolic velocity (Vs), end diastolic velocity (Vd), pulsatility index (PI) and resistance index (RI) in the DVT group were higher than those in the non-DVT group (t = 2.663, 2.998, 3.135, 2.953, p = 0.009, 0.003, 0.002, 0.004). FIB, D-D, Vs, Vd, PI, and RI were independent risk factors for DVT after secondary traumatic fracture surgery (Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.483, 2.026, 2.208, 1.893, 1.820, 1.644, p < 0.05). TT index was an independent protective factor for DVT after secondary traumatic fracture surgery (OR = 0.868, p < 0.05). The sensitivity and specificity for prediction of DVT based on combined coagulation-related indicators and vascular ultrasound imaging measurements were higher than those of individual measurements (p < 0.05). Coagulation-related indicators and vascular ultrasound parameters can effectively predict the formation of DVT. Through the analysis of factors related to DVT formation, screening of high-risk patients for effective intervention may help to reduce the risk of DVT. Further verification in additional, large-scale clinical trials is advocated.

Exploring the Risk Factors for Deep Vein Thrombosis after Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy.

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT), a frequent complication following percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), may lead to severe conditions like pulmonary embolism. Current knowledge on postoperative DVT risk factors is, however, limited. The aim of our study was to investigate the risk of DVT after PCNL. A retrospective study was conducted on patients who underwent PCNL from March 2020 to March 2023 at our institution. Patient demographics and clinical data, including, DVT-specific information, preoperative labs, and surgical details, was evaluated. One hundred patients were included. Thirty-two (20 males, 12 females, mean age 52.5 ± 7.4 years) developed lower limb DVT post-surgery, while the remaining 68 (48 males, 20 females, mean age 51.1 ± 5.5 years) had no DVT symptoms. Analysis revealed significant correlations between hyperlipidemia, operating time, postoperative bed rest duration, D-dimer level on the first day after surgery, Caprini risk assessment model (RAM) score, and DVT risk. D-dimer on the first day after percutaneous nephrolithotomy, postoperative bed rest time and Caprini RAM scores were independent risk factors for DVT after PCNL. Sex, age, hypertension status, diabetes status and smoking and drinking habits were not significantly associated with DVT risk. D-dimer on the first day after PCNL, postoperative bed rest time and Caprini RAM scores were independent risk factors for DVT after PCNL.

Risk Factors Associated with Thromboembolic Complications After total Hip Arthroplasty: An Analysis of 1,129 Pulmonary Emboli.

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) remains a dangerous complication after total hip arthroplasty (THA), despite advances in chemoprophylactic measures. This study aimed to identify risk factors of developing pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT) after THA using a modern cohort of patients reflecting contemporary practices. The Premier Healthcare Database was queried for primary, elective THAs from January 1st, 2015, to December 31st, 2021. Patients who developed PE or DVT within 90 days of THA were compared with patients who did not develop any postoperative VTE. Differences in patient demographics, comorbidities, hospital factors, perioperative medications, chemoprophylactic agents, and allogeneic blood transfusion were compared between cohorts. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify independent risk factors of PE and DVT. In total, 544,298 THAs were identified, of which 1,129 (0.21%) developed a PE and 1,799 (0.33%) developed a DVT. Patients diagnosed with a PE had significantly higher rates of in-hospital death (2.6% vs 0.1%, P < 0.001) compared with those without a PE. Age (adjusted odds ratio: 1.02 per year, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01 to 1.03) and Black race (aOR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.24 to 1.87) were associated with an increased risk of PE. Comorbidities associated with increased risk of PE included chronic pulmonary disease (aOR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.36 to 1.84), pulmonary hypertension (aOR: 2.06, 95% CI: 1.39 to 3.04), and history of VTE (aOR: 2.38, 95% CI: 1.98 to 2.86). Allogeneic blood transfusion (aOR: 2.40, 95% CI: 1.88 to 3.06) was also associated with an increased risk of PE while dexamethasone utilization was associated with a reduced risk (aOR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.73 to 0.95). Increasing age; Black race; allogeneic blood transfusion; and comorbidities, including chronic pulmonary disease, pulmonary hypertension, and history of VTE, were independent risk factors of PE after THA. Given the increased mortality associated with PE, patients should be carefully evaluated for these factors and managed with an appropriate chemoprophylactic regimen.

The relationship between the ABO blood group and chronic venous disease in deep vein thrombosis

Aims: This study aims to investigate the relationship between the ABO blood group and chronic venous disease in terms of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Methods: This study was planned as a retrospective case-control study in which 1031 patients were included between February 1, 2022, and July 1, 2022. After systematic sampling, the case group (88) and the control group (113) were analyzed in terms of blood groups. Then the patients were divided into 3 groups. group 1: patients with non-O blood group and chronic venous disease (CVD) (n=75), group 2: patients with non-O blood group and non-CVD (n=73), and group 3: patients with O blood group and CVD patients (n=28). It was analyzed whether there was a difference between these 3 groups and from which group and in what form. Results: The non-O blood group was significantly higher in the DVT group than the control group (p=0.001). There was no significant difference between A, B, and AB blood groups (p=0,21, p=0,51, p=0,08, respectively). When group 1, group 2, and group 3 were compared, a significant difference was found (p=0,006). In the posthoc analysis, no difference was found between group 1 and group 2 (p=0.99), a difference was found between group 3 and group 1 - group 2, and it was found to be lower (p=0.34, p=0.46, respectively). Conclusion: We found the non-O blood group was higher in the DVT group compared to the control group. We found that the non-O blood group alone was higher in patients with DVT than CVD alone. While non-O blood type and CVD are important risk factors for DVT, non-O blood type can increase the risk of DVT more than CVD. However, this finding needs to be discussed in future studies.

Deep vein thrombosis and its risk factors in neurodegenerative diseases: A markedly higher incidence in Parkinson's disease

BackgroundInformation on the incidence and risk factors of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in neurodegenerative diseases is limited. We aimed to determine the incidence of DVT among neurodegenerative disorders (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis [ALS], Parkinson's disease [PD], multiple system atrophy [MSA], and progressive supranuclear palsy [PSP]-corticobasal syndrome [CBS]) and the risk factors for the development of DVT. MethodsOverall, 229 hospitalized patients with neurodegenerative diseases (65 patients with ALS, 61 with PD, 53 with MSA, and 50 with PSP-CBS) were included in this study. D-dimer value and ultrasonography of the leg vein were assessed to determine the presence or absence of leg DVT. We compared the DVT incidence among each disease group. To identify the risk factors for DVT, a multivariate analysis was performed. ResultsOf 229 patients, 34 had leg DVT; the incidence was significantly higher in patients with PD (38%) than in those with ALS (2%), MSA (5%), or PSP-CBS (4%). Patients with DVT were older, had a smaller waist circumference, had a longer disease duration, and had a high blood pressure (BP) variability. Multivariate analysis revealed that a PD diagnosis and female sex, with a high BP variability were predictive of leg DVT. ConclusionsAmong the neurodegenerative diseases, the DVT incidence was markedly higher in PD than in ALS, MSA, and PSP-CBS. Several risk factors have been identified in patients with leg DVT. Recognition of these risk factors will improve patient care and guide the appropriate use of anticoagulants.