Risk Factor For Aggressive Behavior Research Articles

A novel prediction model for the probability of aggressive behavior in patients with mood disorders: Based on a cohort study

BackgroundAccurately predicting the probability of aggressive behavior is crucial for guiding early intervention in patients with mood disorders. MethodsCox stepwise regression was conducted to identify potential influencing factors. Nomogram prediction models were constructed to predict the probabilities of aggressive behavior in patients with mood disorders, and their performance was assessed using consistency index (C-index) and calibration plots. ResultsResearch findings on 321 patients with mood disorders indicated that being older (HR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.86–0.98), single (HR = 0.11, 95% CI: 0.02–0.68), having children (one child, HR = 0.07, 95%CI: 0.01–0.87; more than one child, HR = 0.33, 95%CI: 0.04–2.48), living in dormitory (HR = 0.25, 95%CI: 0.08–0.77), non-student (employee, HR = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.07–0.88; non-employee, HR = 0.09, 95% CI: 0.02–0.35), and higher scores in subjective support (HR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.82–0.99) were protective factors. On the contrary, minorities (HR = 5.26, 95% CI: 1.23–22.48), living alone (HR = 4.37, 95% CI: 1.60–11.94), having suicide history (HR = 2.51, 95% CI: 1.06–5.95), and having higher scores in EPQ-E (HR = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.00–1.08) and EPQ-P (HR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.00–1.07) were identified as independent risk factors for aggressive behavior in patients with mood disorders. The nomogram prediction model demonstrated high discrimination and goodness-of-fit. ConclusionsA novel nomogram prediction model for the probability of aggressive behavior in patients with mood disorders was developed, effective in identifying at-risk populations and offering valuable insights for early intervention and proactive measures.

Behavior and health problems in dogs (Canis familiaris) associated with responsible ownership practices and awareness of legal regulations

Behavior and health problems in dogs (Canis familiaris) associated with responsible ownership practices and awareness of legal regulations

Honor Endorsement in Male Youth: A General Risk Factor for Aggressive Behavior?

Honor refers to socially conferred self-worth, strong norms of reciprocity, and direct retaliation for transgressions. Honor norms have been discussed as relevant in explaining aggressive behavior, particularly for immigrant groups. In this study we examined the endorsement of honor norms and their association with aggressive behavior in a culturally diverse sample in Germany. Online questionnaire data were used from male adolescents aged 11–18 years (N = 774; Mage = 15.37, 34.2% with a migration background). Multiple linear regression analyses indicated that students of Turkish and Russian origin endorsed honor more than students without a migration background, whereas students of Polish origin did not differ. Within negative binomial regression models, honor endorsement was significantly positively related to aggressive behavior, while this effect did not differ between students from different migration backgrounds and students without migration background respectively. Thus, the internalization of honor norms emerged as a general risk for aggressive behavior among male adolescents.

Factors associated with aggression in schizophrenia—A cross-sectional study

Background: Schizophrenia is one of the most prevalent and serious mental disorders, affecting many facets of life. One of schizophrenia's five domains is aggression. The risk factors for aggression in schizophrenia have been the subject of numerous studies, but it is still unclear how the socio-demographic and clinical variables relate to these risk factors. This study's goal was to identify the clinical and socio-demographic risk variables for aggressive behavior in schizophrenia patients. Aim: To identify the clinical and socio-demographic risk factors for aggressive behavior in schizophrenia patients. Materials and Methods: Fifty patients who matched the inclusion criteria were selected for a cross-sectional study that was carried out in a tertiary care hospital. Socio-demographic details and clinical variables were collected using semi-structured proforma, and the modified overt aggression scale (MOAS) was applied to schizophrenia patients. Data were analyzed using the SPSS 25 version. Results: Of the 50 participants, 34 (68%) were aggressive patients, and 16 (32%) were non-aggressive patients. Patients with lower SES (R = -0.374, P = 0.007) and those who were single (R = -0.375, P = 0.007) scored statistically significantly on the bivariate correlation analysis. Conclusion: Schizophrenia patients show a significant prevalence of aggressive behavior. Aggression was found to be substantially correlated with patients' lower socio-economic status and single status. To lessen aggressive behavior and its adverse effects, psychiatrists must identify valid clinical and illness predictors for aggression in schizophrenia patients.

Alcohol use disorder as a risk factor for violent offending and reoffending in delinquent women with substance use disorders

Female gender is generally less associated with aggressive behavior and violent offending than male gender. Therefore, most studies on violence and (re-)offending include only men. However, it is crucial to better understand pathways to female offending in order to enable efficient psychological interventions and risk assessment in women. Well-established risk factors for aggressive behavior include alcohol use disorder (AUD) and other substance use disorders (SUDs). We retrospectively analyzed the association of AUD and other SUDs with violent offending and reoffending in a sample of female offenders (N = 334) in a forensic treatment facility. In total, 72% of the patients with an AUD had committed a violent crime leading to admission, whereas only 19% of those with other SUDs had. Over 70% of the participants with AUD had a family history of AUD, and over 83% had experienced physical violence in adulthood. Rates of AUD and other SUDs did not differ regarding aggressive behavior during inpatient treatment, while the risk of reoffending with a violent crime after discharge was nine times higher in patients with an AUD than in those with other SUDs. Our results indicate that AUD is a significant risk factor for violent offending and reoffending in women. A familial background of AUD and a history of physical abuse increase the probability for both AUD and offending, suggesting a possible interaction between (epi-)genetic and environmental factors. The comparable rates of aggression during inpatient treatment in patients with AUD and other SUDs indicate that abstinence is a protective factor for violence.

Aggressive behavior and severe mental disorders in Prison psychiatry

IntroductionAggressive behavior can be understood as a compelx and social phenomenon. A number of studies have shown that the risk of aggressive behavior is increased for patients with severe mental disorders such as schizophrenia. Although specialized forensic institutions exist in many countries, most offenders with mental disorders are still found in prison settings what corresponds to international literature suggesting an increased prevalence of mental disorders in prison inmates. Still, data on the specific characteristics of patients demonstrating aggressive behavior in medical and mental health settings is limited, especially for prison environments.ObjectivesThe aim of our study was to identify patient characteristics that are potentially associated with aggressive incidents in a prison psychiatric setting.MethodsIn routine documentation in German prisons, specific incidents, as e.g. aggressive behavior are reported through an official reporting system. Analyzing these official reports, we collected all aggressive incidents concerning at the Department of Psychiatry of the Berlin prison hospital between 1997 and 2019. In addition, for each patient acting aggressively, we collected data on an equal number of patients who did not demonstrate this behavior during their hospital stay. For those patients with more than one inpatient treatment period, only the first stay in the prison hospital was included. Furthermore, patients were excluded based on age (younger than 16 or older than 70) or death during treatment. The statistical data was analyzed descriptively.ResultsIn total, 225 treatment episodes were included of which in 118 cases violent behavior were documented. The items older age, German citizenship, previous violent crimes (OR = 0,40, 95 % KI: 0,35 – 1,17) and antipsychotic (OR = 0,28, 95 % KI: 0,14 – 0,55) or antidepressant (OR = 0,35, 95 % KI: 0,13 – 0,88) treatment within six months prior to admission had a rather protective effect on the occurrence of aggressive behavior during inpatient treatment. Alcohol (OR = 1,21, 95 % KI: 0,64 – 2,27) and drug use disorders (OR = 2.18, 95 % KI: 1,09 – 4,44) tended to be risk factors for aggressive behavior. Thus, the results in this prison psychiatric population correspond to the risk factors described in the literature.ConclusionsThe reported results point in the direction that optimising the availability of psychopharmacological treatment options and offering specialized treatment for patients with comorbid substance use disorder may lead to the prevention of aggressive behavior in patients with a schizophrenia diagnosis.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Агрессивное поведение подростков в представлении педагогов: оценка факторов риска

Background. The article regards the assessment of teachers' ideas about various risk factors for aggressive behaviour in adolescents. Teachers' perceptions of the factors influencing adolescents' aggressive behaviour allow us to understand how it is conceptualized, what contributes to the study of the phenomenology of adolescents' aggressive behaviour and, thus, is important for modern prevention programmes. Objective. The purpose of this article is to make a theoretical and empirical review and to identify risk factors for aggressive behaviour in adolescents assessed by teachers. Methods. The article analyzes the answers to the questions “What external and internal factors do you think to be the causes of aggressive behaviour in adolescents?” The questions were asked separately about older (15–19 years old) and younger (11–14 years old) adolescents. Spearman correlation analysis and nonparametric Wilcoxon criterion were used to assess the relationship between the indicators concerning the assessments of external and internal risk factors. Sample. The study was implemented in the form of an anonymous online survey for teachers from five federal gegions of Russian Federation. The overwhelming majority of respondents are female (94%). The average age of respondents is 44.5 (SD = 11.7). A sample of 5728 teachers was used for the analysis. Results. The analysis reveals that educators rate the significance of both external and internal factors higher in relation to the older adolescents compared to the younger ones. An inverse correlation between the teacher's age and the assessment of the significance of risk factors was revealed. Conclusion. In the course of the study we obtained results indicating the specificity in assessing the significance of risk factors for aggressive behaviour of adolescents in the teachers' perception. External and internal factors are perceived by teachers of different ages heterogeneously, which may be due to both individual characteristics of teachers and the social situation of the development of modern adolescents. This contributes to the study of the phenomenology of aggression in adolescence. The obtained results can help develop professional development programmes aimed at correct identification of risk factors on the part of teachers in order to form strategies of educational work with younger and older adolescents.

Alcohol use disorder as a risk factor for violent offending in a sample of female forensic-psychiatric inpatients

IntroductionFemale gender is associated with a lower risk for aggressive behaviour and violent offending. Well established risk factors for aggressive behaviour are alcohol and other substance use, but previous studies focused mainly on male offenders and the general population. However, for therapeutic and prognostic reasons it is important to understand pathways to female offending.ObjectivesTo examine a sample of female forensic-psychiatric inpatients regarding the association of alcohol (AUD) and other substance use disorders (SUD) with violent offending (homicide, assault, robbery).MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of 334 female patients discharged before 01.01.2019 from a secure psychiatric hospital in Germany.ResultsIn total, 72% of the patients with AUD committed a violent crime, leading to admission to secure psychiatric treatment. In comparison a statistically significant lower rate (19%) of the SUD group was convicted of violent offending. Over 70% of the participants with AUD had a family history of AUD, and over 83% experienced physical violence in adulthood. We found no group differences (AUD vs. SUD) regarding aggressive behaviour during inpatient treatment.ConclusionsAccording to our results, AUD compared to other SUD, is a significant risk factor for violent offending in women. A family background with AUD and a history of physical abuse might function as a risk factor for both: developing an AUD and violent offending. The comparable rates of aggression in both groups during inpatient treatment suggest that abstinence is a protective factor.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

VIDEO GAMES AND VIOLENCE: THE ONSLAUGHT ON YOUNG MINDS

VIDEO GAMES AND VIOLENCE: THE ONSLAUGHT ON YOUNG MINDS

Impact of violent video games and other factors on aggressive behavior of junior high school students in Shanghai

Objective To understand the impact of violent video games exposure, self-control level and coping style on aggressive behavior of junior high school students in Shanghai, and provide a basis for future interventions to effectively reduce adolescents’ aggressive behavior. Methods Cluster sampling was used to select 1 886 students of 4 public middle schools in Shanghai from May to June 2019. The data was collected included Violent Video Game Use Habits Questionnaire, Buss & Perry aggression questionnaire, Adolescent Self-Control Dual System Scale and Simple Coping Style Questionnaire. Results According to the potential profile analysis, the level of aggressive behavior of junior school students in Shanghai could be divided into four groups, which was low aggressive group, middle aggressive group one, middle aggressive group two and high aggressive group according to level of aggregate. After controlling for gender and age, multivariate Logistic regression showed that exposure to violent video games, impulse system and negative response were risk factors for aggressive behavior ( P<0.05); using low aggressive group as control group, the OR of violent video games in other three groups were 1.26, 1.30 and 1.70 respectively. The OR of impulse system were 2.96, 4.40 and 6.84 respectively. The OR of negative response were 1.17, 1.42 and 1.74 respectively. Positive response was a protective factor ( P<0.05). Using low aggressive group as control group, the OR of positive in other three groups were 0.82, 0.52 and 0.49 respectively. Conclusion Violent video game exposure, impulsive system and negative coping style can increase the level of aggressive behavior of junior high school students, while positive coping style can reduce the level of aggression of junior middle school students. 【摘要】 目的 了解上海市初中生暴力电子游戏接触、自我控制水平和应对方式对攻击性行为的影响, 为有效降低青少年攻击性行为干预措施提供依据。 方法 采用整群抽样方法, 于 2019 年 5—6 月对上海市 4 所普通公立初中学校 1 886 名在校学生进行问卷调査, 调査内容包括暴力电子游戏使用习惯问卷、Buss和Peny攻击问卷、青少年自我控制双系统量表以及简易应对方式问卷。 结果 上海市初中生攻击性行为水平根据潜在剖面分析可以分为 4 个组别, 根据攻击性水平从低到髙, 依次命名为低攻击组、中等攻击 1 组、中等攻击 2 组和髙攻击组。在控制性别和年龄的基础上, 多因素 Logistic 回归分析显示, 与低攻击组相比, 其余各组别中暴力电子游戏接触、冲动系统、消极应对与攻击性行为均呈正相关( OR 值分别为 1.26, 1.30, 1.70；2.96,4.40,6.84；1.17, 1.42, 1.74, P 值均<0.05), 积极应对与攻击性行为呈负相关( OR 值分别为 0.82, 0.52,0.49, P 值均<0.05)。 结论 暴力电子游戏接触、冲动系统和消极应对方式会增加初中生的攻击性行为水平, 而积极应对方式能降低初中生攻击性水平。

Sonographic predictors of aggressive behavior in medullary thyroid carcinomas

ObjectiveTo identify the clinical and sonographic risk factors for aggressive behavior of Medullary Thyroid Carcinomas (MTCs). Material and methodsThis is a retrospective analysis. The informed consents were waived. Totally, 127 patients were selected from the database. Two radiologists were invited to review the clinical records and ultrasonic images and scored all the cases according to ACR TI-RADS, retrospectively. Kappa test was used to evaluate the consistency between the two reviewers. Logistic regression analysis was carried to identify the risk factors for aggressive behaviors of MTCs. Comparison of survival proportions between different groups were calculated by Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank test. ResultsFemale patients with MTCs were more commonly seen than male (1.7:1), male sex was a risk factor for both metastasis (OR: 4.471, P = 0.001) and perithyroidal invasion (OR = 4.674, P = 0.004). Consistency between the two reviewers were quite high (K value, 0.797–0.988). On sonograms, typical MTCs manifest as hypoechoic (96.9%) solid nodules (94.5%). Sex of patients (P = 0.001), margin (P = 0.003) and focality (P = 0.01) of the nodule were independent risk factors for metastasis, whereas sex of the patients (P = 0.004) and margin (P = 0.000) were independent risk factors for perithyroidal invasion. By Kaplan–Meier analysis, survival proportions different between groups with/without perithyroidal extension (P = 0.000) but not between groups with/without metastasis (P = 0.473). ConclusionHigh frequency ultrasound and TI-RADS were effective methods for preoperative diagnosis of MTC. Sex of the patients and margin of the nodule are common risk factors for both metastasis and perithyroidal invasion. Focality of the tumor is another independent risk factor for metastasis.

Longitudinal associations between cybervictimization, anger rumination, and cyberaggression.

Adolescents' involvement in cyberbullying has been a growing public health concern for some time. Cybervictimization and cyberaggression are two phenomena that previous research has often shown to be associated. However, longitudinal research into these associations and also into potential risk factors for these phenomena is less common. Anger rumination is a proven risk factor for aggressive behavior, but the relationship between anger rumination and victimization is not clear. The present longitudinal study investigated the associations between cybervictimization, anger rumination and cyberbullying in a sample of 3017 adolescents (M W1 = 13.15; SD = 1.09; 49% girls) from 7th to 9th grade. The European Cyberbullying Intervention Project Questionnaire and the Anger Rumination Scale were administered in four waves with 6 months intervals over a total period of 18 months. The associations between the variables were analyzed with a cross‐lagged model. We found that: cybervictimization predicted anger rumination and cyberaggression; anger rumination was associated with later increases in both cybervictimization and cyberaggression: but involvement in cyberaggression predicted neither subsequent involvement in cybervictimization, nor in anger rumination. In addition, cybervictimization was found to mediate the association between anger rumination and cyberaggression. This study expands the understanding of the factors associated with cybervictimization and cyberaggression, and its results indicate that intervention programs should focus on boosting self‐control to decrease impulsive behavior and protocols to prevent and intervene in cyberbullying.

Microscopic Invasion of Nerve Is Associated With Aggressive Behaviors in Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors.

ObjectivesThe role of neural invasion has been reported in cancers. Few studies also showed that neural invasion was related to survival rate in patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (PNET). The aim of this study is to explore the association between neural invasion and aggressive behaviors in PNET.MethodsAfter excluding those patients with biopsy and with missing histological data, a total 197 patients with PNET who underwent surgery were retrospectively analyzed. The demographic data and histological data were obtained. Aggressive behavior was defined based on extra-pancreatic extension including vascular invasion, organ invasion and lymph node metastases. Logistic regression analyses were used to identify risk factor for aggressive behavior. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were performed to show the performance of nomograms in evaluating aggressive behavior of PNET.ResultsThe prevalence of neural invasion in the cohort was 10.1% (n = 20). The prevalence of lymph node metastasis, organ invasion, and vascular invasion in PNET patients with neural invasion was higher than those in patients without neural invasion (p < 0.05). Neural invasion was more common in grade 3 (G3) tumors than G1/G2 (p < 0.01). Tumor size, tumor grade, and neural invasion were independent associated factors of aggressive behavior (p < 0.05) after adjusting for possible cofounders in total tumors and G1/G2 tumors. Two nomograms were developed to predict the aggressive behavior. The area under the ROC curve was 0.84 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.77–0.90) for total population and was 0.84 (95% CI: 0.78–0.89) for patients with G1/G2 PNET respectively.ConclusionsNeural invasion is associated with aggressive behavior in PNET. Nomograms based on tumor size, grade and neural invasion show acceptable performances in predicting aggressive behavior in PNET.

Risk factors for aggressive behaviour in domestic dogs (Canis familiaris), as reported by owners in mainland China

This study aimed to identify the risk factors for aggressive behaviour in domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) in Mainland China. This information has never been estimated before for owned dogs in China, therefore, there has been a lack of information to help guide veterinarians and dog behaviourists when giving advice to owners of dogs considered to have such behaviour problems. In order to establish this information, questionnaires were completed in electronic and paper format by dog owners: 2575 completed questionnaires were received. The majority of owners (2215, 86 %) reported that their dogs exhibited at least one behaviour they considered a problem: the main behaviour problem categories reported by owners were barking (871, 33.8 %), lunging and biting other dogs or people (586, 22.7 %), urinating inappropriately (566, 22 %), being destructive (537, 21.9 %), and eating non-food items (354, 13.7 %). When asked specifically about aggressive (any of growling, baring teeth, snarling, snapping or biting) and biting behaviours, 1578 owners (61 %) reported their dogs regularly being aggressive to other dogs or people, and 883 (34 %) reported that their dog had bitten other dogs or people. By using binomial logistic regression analyses, significant risk and protective factors were found for aggressive (X2(24, N = 2575) = 112.613, Nagelkerke R2 = .058, p < 0.001) and biting (X2(24, N = 2575) = 101.087, Nagelkerke R2 = .053, p < 0.001) behaviour. Variable categories with the largest odds ratios (>2.5) for being reported for aggressive behaviour include: terriers; and little time spent with the owner. Variable categories with the largest odds ratios (>2.00) for being reported for biting include: living with children older than 10 years of age; and being acquired from ‘other types’ of sources (compared to e.g. being found as a stray, which was protective). These results are very similar to those found in other geographical areas, for example in the USA, Sweden and Taiwan. The investigation of risk factors for aggressive behaviour will help veterinarians and dog behaviourists provide more appropriate advice to owners regarding their dogs’ aggressive behaviour, which will in turn improve dog welfare and public safety in China.

Specific effects of neglect and physical abuse on adolescent aggressive behaviors by gender: A multicenter study in rural China

BackgroundNeglect and physical abuse may be typical risk factors for aggressive behavior in adolescents. However, findings on their specific effects and sex differences are still unclear. This study aimed to examine the specific effects of neglect and physical abuse on adolescent aggressive behaviors and to further explore the potential sex-specific effect. MethodsA multicenter school-based survey was conducted in rural China. A total of 15,957 students aged 11–20 years completed self-report questionnaires to record aggressive behaviors, neglect and physical abuse, and other related information. Participants were grouped into those who experienced none, one of, or both neglect and physical abuse for statistical analyses. ResultsOf the participants, 37.0% experienced both neglect and physical abuse, 30.0% experienced neglect only, and 9.8% experienced physical abuse only. Higher risk for physical aggression (OR=1.24, 95% CI=1.06–1.45), and lower risk for verbal aggression (OR=0.83, 95% CI=0.72–0.94) and hostility (OR=0.81, 95% CI=0.69–0.94) were found in the physical abuse only group as compared to the neglect only group. No sex difference was found between neglect or physical abuse and general aggressive behaviors (P>0.05), except that females were more likely to exert physical aggression than males when exposed to neglect and physical abuse (P<0.05). LimitationsCross-sectional design, retrospective self-report data, and not including other maltreatment subtypes. ConclusionsNeglect and physical abuse may each have distinct sensitivity for different subtypes of aggression. Targeted treatment for diverse aggressive symptoms is suggested, and strategies to prevent both neglect and physical abuse across gender would yield comprehensive benefits.

T74. RECOVIWEL: AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY, COMPARING COGNITIVE AND FUNCTIONAL OUTCOMES IN OFFENDERS AND NON-OFFENDERS PATIENTS WITH SEVERE MENTAL ILLNESS

BackgroundIndividuals with severe mental illness (SMI) may be considered violent, but in most cases they are victims. Substance abuse, a clinical history of violence and gender are among the main risk factors for aggressive behavior. To date, evidence on the mechanisms involved in violent behavior in SMI is still scarce and controversial. From a neuropsychological point of view, the deficits in executive functions, may be a key element in increasing propensity to violence.MethodsSample: 50 offender SMI patients recruited at the Residence for the Execution of Security Measures (REMS) of Castiglione d/S (case group) and 35 non-offender SMI patients recruited at the Department of Mental Health and Addictive Disorders of Brescia (control group). Match 1: 1 by gender, education and main diagnosis. An interview was given to collect the anamnestic data. All patients were assessed with clinical (CGI-S, PANSS-EC), neurocognitive (TMT, SCWT, BACS), social cognitive (FEIT), psychosocial functioning / wellness (MCH-SF, PSP), impulsiveness (BIS-11, IGT) and aggressive behaviour risk assessment (MOAS, HCR-20, PCL-R) measures.ResultsThe two groups appeared to be significantly different as far as the total scores for both HCR-20 and PCL-R, with REMS patients have significant higher values. HCR-20 and PCL-R showed a significant predictive value independent of each other, in determining membership of the case group or control group. In particular, each additional point in the HCR-20 increased the probability of belonging to the case group of 1.8, while each additional point at the PCL-R increased this probability by 1.3. Significant differences were observed regarding the CGI-S and the PANSS-EC scores, where REMS patients had, at the same diagnosis, more severe psychopathology. PANSS-EC, BACS token test and SCWT errors showed a significant independent predictive value in HCR-20 score. In particular, for each additional point at the PANSS-EC, the HCR-20 increased 1 point, while this score is reduced by 0.16 for each additional point to the BACS token test and 0.42 for each additional point to the SCWT errors. Considering the cognitive profile, poorer performances were found in the offenders patients in the TMT-A and the BACS token exercise, indicating greater deficits in both visuomotor speed and attention. Regarding school performance (a possible proxy of cognitive reserve), the two groups appeared significantly different for the number of failures (p<0.012), which is higher among REMS patients. Friend relationships were more associated with PCL-R factor 2 (p<0.05). HCR-20 showed a strong association with both PCL-R factors and the total score (p<0.001), as well as CGI-S (p<0.005) and PSP (subscale A) (p<0.001). FEIT (happiness), friend relationships, PSP (subscale A), MHC-SF (social and psychological subscales) were independently associated with the PCL-R total score. The difference regarding the use of hashish lifetime, which is greater in the group of cases, appeared significant.DiscussionResults of the present study highlight that offenders patients with SMI have higher levels of clinical, cognitive and friends relationships severity, but better social cognition skills and a higher degree of perceived well-being. The greatest number of failures in REMS patients could be due to a greater impairment of cognitive function from an early stage of the disease. Even if the majority of crimes is carried out against the family members, family relationships do not present differences between the two groups. Although preliminary, these results could help clinicians to better understand offenders patients with SMI and to identify more homogeneous subgroups of patients, in order to plan more tailored care pathways.

The Associations of Parental Harsh Discipline, Adolescents' Gender, and Grit Profiles With Aggressive Behavior Among Chinese Early Adolescents.

Although the association between parental harsh discipline and aggressive behavior in adolescence has been well established, little attention has been paid to early adolescence. Moreover, the risk and protective factors (the interplay of parents’ and adolescents’ gender, the role of grit) in this association during this period are still less explored in the literature. Guided by a socioecological framework, the current study (more exploratory in nature) identified the grit profiles based on two dimensions (i.e., perseverance and consistency) in a sample of Chinese early adolescents; likewise, this study further investigated gender-specific patterns and the moderating role of grit profiles in the association between parental harsh discipline and aggressive behavior. A total of 1,156 Chinese early adolescents (46.5% girls) were involved in this study and completed a set of self-report questionnaires. Latent profile analysis revealed three profiles of grit: low perseverance and low consistency, high perseverance and low consistency, and high perseverance and high consistency. Moreover, linear regression analysis indicated that paternal and maternal harsh discipline were each positively associated with aggressive behavior. The positive association between paternal harsh discipline and aggressive behavior was only significant for adolescent boys with low levels of perseverance and consistency; in contrast, the positive association between maternal harsh discipline and aggressive behavior was significantly stronger for adolescent boys with high levels of perseverance and consistency. These findings suggest that parental harsh discipline presents a risk factor for aggressive behavior, especially for adolescent boys in early adolescence; such a vulnerable effect is more heightened for those with low levels of perseverance and consistency. In addition, although grit is assumed to be a positive personal attribute, maternal harsh discipline to boys in the Chinese family context may disturb their positive development pathway during early adolescence, which is highly discouraged.

Drink, Don't Think: The Role of Masculinity and Thought Suppression in Men's Alcohol-Related Aggression.

Alcohol consumption is a well-established risk factor for aggressive behavior. However, evidence suggests that alcohol's effect on aggression varies as a function of individual- and situational-based instigating and inhibiting factors. Endorsement of traditional masculine gender norms has been consistently identified as an instigating factor for alcohol-related aggression. Likewise, individuals who habitually engage in thought suppression (i.e., the attempt to inhibit the occurrence of unwanted thoughts) have been shown to be at increased risk for behavioral disinhibition and aggression. In the present study, we test the hypothesis that thought suppression mediates the association between masculine norms and alcohol-related aggression. Two hundred forty-five men with a history of recent heavy episodic alcohol use completed surveys assessing their endorsement of traditional masculine norms, use of thought suppression, and both trait and alcohol-related aggression. Results indicated that thought suppression fully mediated the association between the toughness masculine norm and alcohol-related aggression. In addition, thought suppression partially mediated the association between the toughness norm and trait aggression. Findings are discussed in terms of the potential utility of cognitive-emotion regulation and norm-based interventions for reducing alcohol-related aggression.

M18 GENOME-WIDE STUDY OF GENE-BASED INTERACTIONS WITH FOUR ENVIRONMENTAL RISK FACTORS FOR AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS IMPLICATES OPIOID SIGNALING

Background: Aggressive behavior in children and adolescents is caused by complex interactions of genetic and environmental factors (GxE-interactions). In this respect, environmental adversities lead to aggression in some individuals depending on their genetic make-up. Using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), we conducted a genome-wide study of gene-based interactions with four established environmental risk factors for aggressive behavior. Methods: Genome-wide genotyping data were available for 8941 children and adolescents. For up to 5214 of these, we had data for eight disruptive behavior-related traits that measure aggression. Environmental adversities were maternal paracetamol use, life events and smoking during pregnancy, and child maltreatment after birth. Following GxE-interaction analyses, we investigated whether specific canonical pathways were enriched in our data. Results: We discovered 686 significant gene-based GxEinteractions (involving 589 unique genes) that survived correction for multiple testing ( α≈7.90E-08) and explained up to 39% of the phenotypic variance associated with each interaction. In total, 326 genes interacted with maternal smoking, 272 genes with maternal life events, 73 genes with paracetamol use, and 2 genes with child maltreatment. Across all interactions, the top 5 genes were AKR1C1, CSMD1, FBXL14, PODNL1, and TMEM132D. Further, opioid signaling emerged as the only canonical pathway that was significantly enriched in multiple sets of GxE-implicated genes. Discussion: The interaction of multiple genes with four environmental factors is related to aggressive behavior in children and adolescents. Some of these genes have been previously implicated in aggression, including NOS1AP, NOS3, RBFOX1, and TMEM132D. In addition, opioid signaling is a key molecular cascade underlying the identified GxEinteractions.

Clinical and neurodevelopmental correlates of aggression in early psychosis

BackgroundAlthough mental illness accounts for only 4% of aggressive behavior in the general population, there remains a modest association between aggressive behavior and psychotic disorders, particularly in the early stages of the illness. However, little is known about the specific factors associated to this increased risk. AimsThe present study aims to assess the rates, characteristics and risk factors of aggressive behavior in first episode psychosis patients (FEP). MethodWe conducted a retrospective chart review of 449 FEP patients recruited from an outpatient early psychosis clinic. Aggressive behavior and clinical information were rated based upon information gathered from the chart review of data collected at baseline and after 6 months of follow-up. ResultsRates of aggressive behavior were 54.3% in FEP patients. Aggressive behavior was significantly associated with higher rates of history of birth complications, neurodevelopmental delays, learning difficulties, alcohol use disorders, and the clinical domain of poverty symptoms. In addition to aggressive behavior, 16.7% of FEP patients exhibited suicidal ideation or behaviors and 11.4% exhibited non-suicidal self-injurious behavior (NSSIB). In contrast to baseline, aggressive behaviors at 6 months follow up were almost entirely absent. ConclusionsPatients at early stages of psychosis have high rates of aggressive and suicidal behavior prior to contact with clinical services. Neurodevelopmental adversities, alcohol use disorders and poverty symptoms are associated to higher risk of aggression in early psychosis. Participation in early psychosis specialty care resulted in a dramatic reduction in aggressive behavior.