Risk Factor For Skin Cancer Research Articles

Skin cancer screening and sun safety education program for high school students in southern California.

e22505 Background: Decreasing unprotected exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation during childhood can significantly decrease the risk of developing skin cancer as an adult. School-based sun safety curricula have demonstrated efficacy in teaching young adults about the harms of prolonged, unprotected UV exposure and have been effective in increasing safety practices. This project provided a 50-min sun safety curriculum to high school students at a public high school in San Diego, CA just prior to the summer break in 2022. The curriculum addressed skin cancer risk factors, skin protection methods, the benefits of limiting lifetime UV exposure, and methods for performing a skin self exam. The study objective was to assess sun safety knowledge before and after the class, and measure behavior changes three months thereafter when students returned from summer break. Methods: The sun safety classes were taught in groups of 40-60 students across six class periods in June 2022. Students were asked to complete an anonymous pre-participation online survey assessing their knowledge of common skin cancer types and skin cancer risk factors. Students were taught the curriculum over 45 minutes with 5 minutes reserved for questions. Two follow-ups surveys were conducted with the students, one at the end of the class period and a second follow-up three months later. Follow-up surveys assessed retention of knowledge and changes in sun safety behavior. Students had the option of providing a cell phone number so they could be contacted to participate in the second follow-up survey. Results: The curriculum was taught to nine classes of approximately 300 students in a single day across six class periods. A total of 206 students completed the pre-participation survey. At the first follow-up, 95.1% of students completed the post-participation survey and students showed significant improvement in knowledge of common skin cancer types (12.6% pre-participation to 68.9% post-participation), skin cancer risk factors (11.2% pre-participation to 16.8% post-participation), and skin cancer prevention methods (22.8% pre-participation to 45.9% post-participation). For the second follow-up, 128 students provided contact information and the survey had a response rate of 71.5%. After 3 months, students demonstrated retention of knowledge of skin cancer types and risk factors. A majority (87.2%) of students indicated that their use of sunscreen had increased and 57.4% indicated that their use of sun protective barriers had increased over the summer because of this course. Conclusions: This pilot course demonstrates that targeted sun safety education for teenagers before summer break can significantly increase sun safety awareness, adoption of protective behaviors, and knowledge about skin cancer. Such an intervention can promote skin cancer awareness at a young age where behavior changes can decrease lifetime risk of skin cancer.

Evaluation of Skin Cancer Risk Factors and Sun Protection Methods among MedicalFaculty Students

Purpose: It was aimed to evaluate the sun protectionmethods and skin cancer risk factors among medicalstudents.Materials and Methods: The universe of thedescriptive research is 1,2,3,4,5 and 6th gradestudents (1482 students) of the medical faculty of astate university. It was aimed to reach the wholeuniverse, no sample size was calculated. Thequestionnaire was delivered via WhatsApp inNovember-December 2021. Sociodemographicinformation, skin cancer risk factors, sun protectionmethods were questioned (38 questions). Thebehaviors of sun protection methods were evaluatedby scoring the questions (6 questions). Higher scoreindicates higher protection behavior. Median,minimum, maximum values, numbers (n) andpercentages (%) were used for descriptive data. TheMann Whitney U test was used to compare thequantitative variables that did not fit the normaldistribution. The significance level was consideredas p<0.05.Results: Of the participants 58.3% (n=354) werewomen, 25.2% (n=153) were sixth grade. Of thestudents 34.9% (n=212) use sunscreen, 32.3%(n=196) use a hat, 39.9% (n=242) use sunglassesonly in summer. Of the students 48.9% (n=297) hadFitzpatrick skin type 3, 20.3% (n=484) reportedhaving more than 50 nevi, 37.2% (n=226) reportedhaving nevi larger than 2 mm. Female students,students educating in upper classes and living incoastal areas, having Type 1-2-3 skin types andfreckles had higher sun protection behavior scores(p<0.05).Conclusions: The rate of medical faculty studentspaying attention to sun protection methods is notsufficient. Awareness on this issue should beincreased

Current Understanding of the Effects of Sun Exposure on Skin Tanning: Mechanisms, Risks, and Protective Strategies

UV radiation (UV) is designated as a "comprehensive carcinogen" due to its dual nature as a mutagen and a non-specific damaging agent, exhibiting properties of both a tumor initiator and a tumor promoter. UV radiation is the foremost modifiable risk factor for skin cancer and various other environmentally-influenced skin disorders. Nevertheless, UV radiation also plays a beneficial role in human health by facilitating the natural synthesis of vitamin D and endorphins in the skin. Consequently, UV radiation exhibits complex and diverse effects on human health. However, excessive exposure to UV radiation poses significant health risks, including skin atrophy, pigmentary alterations, wrinkling, and malignancy. Epidemiological and molecular evidence establish a clear link between UV radiation and the three most prevalent types of skin cancer: basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and malignant melanoma, collectively impacting over a million Americans each year. Furthermore, genetic factors contribute to the susceptibility of UV-mediated skin diseases. Notably, specific variations in the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) gene are associated with skin fairness, UV sensitivity, and heightened cancer risk. In light of these findings, our research aims to develop innovative UV-protective strategies by comprehensively understanding the molecular events that occur following UV exposure, with a specific focus on epidermal melanization and the pivotal role played by the MC1R in maintaining the integrity of the genome. By leveraging this knowledge, we endeavor to devise pharmaceutical interventions that can effectively mitigate the detrimental effects of UV radiation on the skin, reduce the risk of skin cancer, and enhance skin health. Such advancements will not only contribute to safeguarding individuals from the harmful consequences of excessive UV exposure but also pave the way for novel approaches in the field of dermatology and personalized medicine, tailored to the individual's genetic makeup and specific risk factors.

Indoor Tanning among Sexual and Gender Minority Adolescents and Adults: Results from the 2020 Pennsylvania LGBT Health Needs Assessment.

Sexual and gender minority (SGM) populations include individuals whose sexual orientation, gender identity, or reproductive development is characterized by nonbinary sexual constructs (e.g., lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) individuals). Previous research suggests that some SGM populations have higher rates of skin cancer. The purpose of this study was to assess the association of diverse SGM identities with indoor tanning, a risk factor for skin cancer, while exploring other relevant co-occurring risk factors. A secondary analysis was performed on the 2020 LGBT Health Needs Assessment collected by the Pennsylvania Department of Health. Measures included sexual orientation, gender identity, healthcare utilization, and cancer risk factors. Cisgender SGM men are more likely to use indoor tanning devices (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.79; 95% CI: 1.31-2.44) compared to other SGM subpopulations independent of sexual orientation. Indoor tanning was also associated with alcohol (aOR = 1.94; 95% CI: 1.50-2.51) and tobacco use (aOR = 1.64; 95% CI: 1.21-2.21). Findings suggest that targeted screening for skin cancer risk behaviors could accompany standard tobacco and alcohol screenings in clinical practice.

Educational interventions to promote sun-protection behaviors in adolescents in the United States: A systematic review.

The most prevalent modifiable risk factor for skin cancer is cumulative lifetime exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, supporting the development of interventions promoting the early adoption of sun-protection behaviors. This systematic review summarizes behavioral interventions designed to promote sun-protection behaviors and reduce harmful UV exposure among U.S. adolescents. Ten studies describing 15 intervention arms were ultimately included in this review and comprised seven cross-sectional studies, a cohort study, a quasi-experimental study, and a randomized controlled trial. Most interventions included in this review were effective in increasing awareness of skin cancer and knowledge of the risk factors for skin cancer, but knowledge did not correlate with self-reported frequency of sun-protection behaviors in this population.

Educational level-dependent melanoma awareness in a high-risk population in Switzerland.

The worldwide incidence of melanoma has been increasing rapidly in recent decades with Switzerland having one of the highest rates in Europe. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is one of the main risk factors for skin cancer. Our objective was to investigate UV protective behavior and melanoma awareness in a high-risk cohort for melanoma. In this prospective monocentric study, we assessed general melanoma awareness and UV protection habits in at-risk patients (≥100 nevi, ≥5 dysplastic nevi, known CDKN2A mutation, and/or positive family history) and melanoma patients using questionnaires. Between 01/2021 and 03/ 2022, a total of 269 patients (53.5% at-risk patients, 46.5% melanoma patients) were included. We observed a significant trend toward using a higher sun protection factor (SPF) in melanoma patients compared with at-risk patients (SPF 50+: 48% [n=60] vs. 26% [n=37]; p=0.0016). Those with a college or university degree used a high SPF significantly more often than patients with lower education levels (p=0.0007). However, higher educational levels correlated with increased annual sun exposure (p=0.041). Neither a positive family history for melanoma, nor gender or Fitzpatrick skin type influenced sun protection behavior. An age of ≥ 50 years presented as a significant risk factor for melanoma development with an odd's ratio of 2.32. Study participation resulted in improved sun protection behavior with 51% reporting more frequent sunscreen use after study inclusion. UV protection remains a critical factor in melanoma prevention. We suggest that melanoma awareness should continue to be raised through public skin cancer prevention campaigns with a particular focus on individuals with low levels of education.

Sunless and Indoor Tanning Among U.S. Non-Hispanic White Women Ages 18-49 Years.

The use of indoor UV tanning devices (also known as "indoor tanning") has declined in recent years. Less is known about use of dihydroxyacetone-containing products used for tanning (also known as "sunless tanning"). We analyzed data from the 2015 National Health Interview Survey. Analysis was limited to non-Hispanic White women ages 18-49 years. We estimated the proportion of women reporting spray tanning, self-applied lotion tanning, and indoor tanning and used weighted multivariable logistic regression models to examine the relationships between socio-demographic characteristics, skin cancer risk factors, and other cancer risk factors with sunless and indoor tanning. Overall, 17.7% of women reported sunless tanning. Lotion tanning was more common (15.3%) than spray tanning (6.8%), while 12.0% of women engaged in indoor tanning. Among sunless tanners, 23.7% also engaged in indoor tanning. Younger age, ever having a skin exam, skin reactions to the sun, binge drinking, and being at a healthy weight were associated with sunless tanning. While sunless tanning may be less harmful for skin cancer risk than indoor tanning, the frequency with which the two behaviors co-occur suggests that efforts to address societal pressures for women to alter their skin color may have important public health benefits.

Skin Cancer Diagnosis Among People With Disabilities

People with disabilities face unique challenges that may affect skin cancer prevention, diagnosis, and access to treatment. These challenges could be exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2022, the prevalence of self-reported skin cancer diagnoses, delayed medical care because of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and skin cancer risk factors among people with disabilities were estimated. Data from the 2020 National Health Interview Survey (N=31,568 U.S. adults) were analyzed. Skin cancer diagnosis, age at the time of skin cancer diagnosis, skin cancer risk factors (e.g., sun protection), and delayed medical care because of the COVID-19 pandemic were included. Disability status was measured using the Washington Group Short Set on Functioning, which includes vision, hearing, mobility, communication, self-care, and cognitive disabilities. Although 8.8% of U.S. adults reported having a disability, people with disabilities accounted for 14.7% of all self-reported skin cancer diagnoses, including 17.5% of melanoma diagnoses. Notably, people with disabilities were on average, older (mean age=59.8 years) than people without disabilities (mean age=46.8 years). Models that adjusted for age and other demographics revealed that people with disabilities had higher odds of delaying medical care because of the COVID-19 pandemic (OR=1.65, 95% CI=1.41, 1.94); people with disabilities reported being diagnosed with skin cancer later in life (age 61.5 vs 54.0 years; p<0.001) but had odds of reporting any skin cancer (OR=1.11, 95% CI=0.93, 1.32) or melanoma diagnosis (OR=1.33, 95% CI=0.95, 1.87) similar to those of people without disabilities. Because of disability-related challenges, older age, and delaying medical care during the pandemic, people with disabilities may be at increased risk for inequitable skin cancer outcomes.

Abstract 1929: Not just demographics: Urban and rural differences in skin cancer sun protection behaviors in the United States

Abstract Introduction: Skin cancer is the most common cancer in the United States (US) and is associated with notable morbidity and mortality. There has been mixed evidence regarding whether rural vs. urban residence is an independent risk factor for skin cancer, and it is not clear to what degree these differences are driven by demographic or behavioral factors. We investigated if there are differences in skin cancer sun protection behaviors between urban and rural residents. Methods: We used data from three (2013-2018) National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycles. Sunburns and sun exposure and behavior measures were dichotomized: 2+ hours outside during work days or non-work days, at least one sunburn in the past year (yes/no); sunscreen use, wearing long sleeves, staying in the shade (never, rarely, sometimes/most of the time, always). Urban/rural residence was measured as a 2-level indicator. We compared sunburn and sun behavior measures by rural-urban status using adjusted survey-weighted logistic regression models. Because of distribution difference by rural-urban status, we stratified by non-Hispanic (NH) white identity vs. identifying as a person of color. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals presented were adjusted for age, sex, income, education, body mass index, and smoking. Results: When comparing urban vs. rural residents, both NH white individuals (42.9 vs. 29.1%, OR: 1.60 [1.27, 2.01]) and people of color (48.9 vs. 36.5%, OR: 1.54 [1.08, 2.19]) in rural communities had greater odds of spending 2+ hours outside on work days. Rural NH white residents had greater odds of spending 2+ hours outside on non-work days (64.8 vs. 72.2%, OR: 1.45 [1.12, 1.88]). Both rural NH white individuals (26.7 vs. 21.6%, OR: 0.72 [0.57, 0.89]) and rural people of color (41.1 vs. 35.5%, OR: 0.81 [0.68, 0.97]) had lower odds of staying in the shade. Rural NH white residents reported lower sunscreen use (35.1 vs. 26.0%, OR: 0.74 [0.59, 0.93]). Among people of color, rural residency was associated with greater odds of at least one sunburn in the past year (34.5 vs. 24.7%, OR: 1.60 [1.23, 2.09]). Sunburns were more frequent overall (59-61%) in NH white individuals; however, no significant differences by rural-urban residence were observed. Conclusions: Rural residents report engaging in skin cancer preventative sun behaviors less often than urban residents. Greater sunburn frequency among rural and urban NH white individuals compared with individuals of color is consistent with higher skin cancer rates in NH white individuals. However, over 25% of people of color reported a sunburn in the past year, highlighting the importance of intervention on skin cancer risk beyond NH white individuals. Consistently less sun protection behavior across rural populations even after adjustment for demographics emphasizes that rurality should be recognized as an independent risk factor for sun risk behaviors. Citation Format: Allison C. Dona, Patricia Jewett, Rehana L. Ahmed, DeAnn Lazovich, Rachel I. Vogel. Not just demographics: Urban and rural differences in skin cancer sun protection behaviors in the United States [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 1929.

Prevalence of self-skin exams and full body skin exams among patients with disabilities.

Full body skin exams and self-skin exams are screening methods associated with reduced skin cancer incidence due to earlier detection and treatment of lesions. We performed a retrospective analysis on skin cancer screening and risk factors from the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS). The study cohort comprised a weighted population of 478,008,736 respondents, of whom 26,727,370 were patients with disabilities. Respondents with disabilities reported a lower frequency of full body skin exams (OR 0.74; CI 95% 0.69-0.79; P < 0.001) and self-skin exams (OR 0.85; CI 95% 0.78-0.91; P < 0.001), compared to respondents without disabilities. Lower rates of self-guided and clinician-guided screening may adversely affect skin cancer-related morbidity and mortality in persons with disabilities.Future research is needed to identify barriers to self-skin exams and full body skin exams in this population.

TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP PETANI DI SUBAK SEMPIDI TENTANG SINAR MATAHARI SEBAGAI FAKTOR RISIKO KANKER KULIT

Skin cancer is one of the most common cancers found in Indonesia. The most common skin cancers in Indonesia are basal cell carcinoma, squamos cell carcinoma, and melanoma. One of the harms caused by waves of solar radiation is damaging the DNA which later activates oncogene cells that could lead to cancer. One of the livelihoods that are abundant in Indonesia is agriculture. Farmers that are exposed to direct sunlight with excessive intensity are very susceptible to skin cancer which main risk factor is sunlight. The amount of outdoor activities with a superfluity intensity plus ignorance and the incapability to protect oneself from the sun causes the risk of getting skin cancer to be higher. Methods: The study was conducted using a descriptive approach with a transverse study design. Respondents took a total sampling of 64 respondents. Data collection was executed using a self-administered questionnaire instrument. The questionnaire consists of 20 numbers for the level of knowledge and 20 numbers for the attitude. Results: The level of good knowledge about sunlight as a risk factor for skin cancer as many as 45 people (70.31%), sufficient knowledge 17 people (26.56%), lack of knowledge 2 people (3.13%). Attitude about sunlight as a risk factor for skin cancer was 38 people (59.38%), 23 people (35.94%), a bad attitude was 3 people (4.68%). Conclusion: The level of understanding of farmers in Subak Sempidi, Sempidi Village, Mengwi District, Badung Regency regarding sunlight as a risk factor for skin cancer is in a good category.

Community Educational Interventions: An Effective Means to Improve Photoprotection and Skin Cancer Awareness in Outdoor Occupational Workers

Introduction: Outdoor workers are at increased risk for developing skin cancer compared to the general population due to environmental conditions at work sites and riskier behavior regarding skin cancer risk factors. In many populations, sun protection education is associated with increased use of sun protective measures. This study aimed to assess outdoor workers’ knowledge of sun safety and evaluate the impact of educational measures on the awareness of photoprotection practices.&#x0D; Methods: A group of medical students visited construction sites in Birmingham, AL, to deliver 15-minute presentations on the risks of prolonged UV exposure and the prevention of photodamage. Identical 10-question surveys were given to each participant before and after the presentation. Participants rated their level of agreement with statements on photoprotection and skin cancer.&#x0D; Results: The survey response rate was 79%. Analysis revealed an average pre-presentation score of 3.01 and a post-presentation score of 3.73. Two-sample paired t-tests for each question yielded statistically significant results (p &lt;0.05). &#x0D; Conclusion: Outdoor occupational workers reported a better understanding of the risks of UV exposure and a greater willingness to engage in sun-protective practices following a brief educational intervention. These findings suggest that community-based education may improve awareness regarding photoprotection and skin cancer risk.

Skin Cancer Risk Prediction in Heart Transplant Recipients.

This study was undertaken to derive a risk prediction model for skin cancer utilizing the United Network for Organ Sharing database population. Of the 24734 adults (>18 years old) heart transplant recipients (2000-2015) in the United Network for Organ Sharing database, 2625 recipients developed skin cancer. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed; P values, hazard ratios, and confidence intervals were derived. The model was tested using receiver operating characteristics curves and area under the curves. MATLAB software (MathWorks) was used for analyses. Multivariate analysis showed that White patients had a hazard ratio of 31.7 compared with Black patients (P < .001). Male patients had a hazard ratio of 2.52 (P < .001) compared with female patients. Malignancy at listing showed a hazard ratio of 1.77 (P < .001). Thymoglobulin had a hazard ratio of 1.19 (P = .005) compared with other induction agents. The receiver operating characteristic curves generated for 5 years, 8 years, and 10 years after transplant showed area under the curve values of 0.78, 0.77, and 0.76, respectively, in the training set and 0.75, 0.75, and 0.74, respectively, in the validation set. Male sex, White ethnicity, older age, malignancy at the time of listing or at time of transplant, and thymoglobulin induction are major risk factors for skin cancers after transplant. This risk prediction model has a C statistic of 0.75. To our knowledge,this is the firsttime such a model has been generated for skin cancers in this population.

Challenges to intersectional analyses and building capacity for skin cancer research in minority populations

To the Editor: We thank Joshi and Lipoff for their commentary on our research letter assessing skin cancer prevalence and risk factors among foreign-born individuals in the United States, 1 Supapannachart K.J. Gangal A. Chen S.C. Yeung H. Skin cancer prevalence and risk among foreign-born people living in the United States: a pooled cross-sectional analysis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2022; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2022.08.056 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF Scopus (0) Google Scholar recognizing heterogeneity within racial/ethnic minority subgroups in epidemiologic research. 2 Joshi T.P. Lipoff J.B. Skin cancer in foreign-born Americans: the importance of recognizing diversity within ethnic groups. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2022; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2022.11.056 Abstract Full Text PDF Google Scholar In echoing these important sentiments, we highlight methodological limitations of existing datasets that preclude intersectional analyses of racial/ethnic minority subgroups by foreign-born status and call for efforts to collect relevant skin health data from under-sampled racial/ethnic subgroups. Skin cancer in foreign-born Americans: The importance of recognizing diversity within ethnic groupsJournal of the American Academy of DermatologyPreviewTo the Editor: We read with interest the research letter by Supapannachart et al1 and applaud them for analyzing the risk factors for, and the prevalence of, skin cancer in foreign-born individuals residing in the United States. The authors show skin cancer prevalence and risk factors to be lower among foreign-born versus US-born individuals. We recognized some limitations of the analysis by Supapannachart et al1 and identified an important gap that remains in the literature on the epidemiology of dermatologic disease in foreign-born Americans. Full-Text PDF

Incidence and Risk Factors for Incidental Cancer on Melanoma Wide Excisions

IntroductionCancer patients and survivors have a high risk of developing additional malignancies. Patients who undergo melanoma excision often have sun-damaged skin and are predisposed to concurrent and subsequent skin cancers. The unexpected finding of an incidental cancer on melanoma wide excisions can require further surgery and delays adjuvant treatment. We aimed to determine the incidence and risk factors for incidental skin cancers in patients who had surgical excision of melanoma. MethodsOur single-center retrospective study analyzed all patients diagnosed with primary melanoma at our institution from July 1, 2019 through June 30, 2020. We included patients with localized cutaneous melanoma who underwent surgical excision and had relevant pathology data available. Descriptive statistics and univariate analyses were performed on the demographic, clinical, and pathological data collected. We analyzed differences between the groups with and without incidental cancer to ascertain risk factors using chi-squared tests and Wilcoxon rank sum tests. Dunn's tests with Bonferroni correction were performed for multiple pairwise comparisons. ResultsThere were 642 patients who met the criteria for inclusion, of whom 13 (2.0%) had incidental cancers identified on a pathologic assessment. Six (46%) had incidental squamous cell carcinoma and seven (54%) had basal cell carcinoma. With regard to management of incidental cancer, three (23%) patients required additional surgery for margin re-excision. Risk factors for incidental cancers in melanoma excision included older age (median 79 versus 62 y, P < 0.001), male sex (P = 0.042), and primary tumor location in the head/neck region relative to trunk (P < 0.01) or extremity (P < 0.01) primary sites. ConclusionsAlthough the frequency of incidental findings on melanoma excision is low, certain patients are at a greater risk including older male individuals with head/neck melanomas. These findings can be used to improve preoperative counseling of at-risk patients when melanoma excision is planned.

Characterizing Skin Cancer in Transplant Recipients by Fitzpatrick Skin Phototype.

Nearly half of organ transplants occur annually in patients with Fitzpatrick skin phototypes (Fitz type) III-VI. Organ transplant recipients (OTRs) are at risk for sequelae of chronic immunosuppression, of which skin cancer is common. As literature regarding skin cancer risk is largely conducted in OTRs with Fitz types I and II, we aimed to further characterize the incidence and risk factors for skin cancer in OTRs with higher Fitz types. We conducted a retrospective review of OTRs with Fitz types III-VI evaluated by dermatology between 1 January 2012 and 1 June 2022. The primary outcome of this study was development of skin cancer post-transplant. Secondary outcomes included risk factors for skin cancer development. Data were analyzed using two-sample t-tests and Pearson's chi-squared. Of 530 OTRs, 193 had Fitz type III or higher. Ten patients (5.18%) developed 87 skin cancers and one recurrence at a mean of 5.17years posttransplant. Patients with skin cancer self-identified as Black (70%, p-value ≤ 0.001), male (70%, p-value ≤ 0.001), and kidney transplant recipients (70%, p-value ≤ 0.001), with a mean age of 58.20years at transplant (p-value ≤ 0.001). Subjects with skin cancer were more likely to be former smokers (60%) and prescribed tacrolimus (p-value ≤ 0.001 each). Development of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (66, 75.86%) was most common, followed by basal cell carcinoma (17, 19.54%), and malignant melanoma (3, 3.45%). Skin cancer most often occurred on the face or scalp (60%, p-value = 0.027), though also developed in sun-protected sites (30%, p-value = 0.002). Verruca vulgaris was present in 10% of patients (p-value = 0.028). Risk factors for skin cancer post-transplant differ in OTRs with higher Fitz types. Our results suggest that among OTRs who self-identified as Black, kidney recipients are at increased risk for skin cancer in non-sun-exposed regions. These cancers may be associated with human papillomavirus (HPV). Education is key for preventing morbidity and mortality secondary to skin cancer.

Skin cancer outcomes and risk factors in renal transplant recipients: Analysis of organ procurement and transplantation network data from 2000 to 2021.

Posttransplant skin cancer is the most common malignancy after patients have undergone renal transplantation. Through comprehensive observation with a large sample size nationwide, understanding the risk factors and outcome of posttransplant skin cancer will help to develop appropriate patient surveillance and disease prevention strategies. This retrospective population-based cohort study was based on Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network data released in March 2021. Characteristics and outcomes, including patient survival and graft survival of recipients, were compared. Risk factors for posttransplant skin cancer, cancer onset momentum, and mortality were determined. A total of 199,564 renal transplant recipients were included. After renal transplantation, 7,334 (3.68%), 6,093 (3.05%), and 936 (0.47%) were diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, and melanoma, respectively. Skin cancer was the major cause of death (squamous cell carcinoma: 23.8%, basal cell carcinoma: 18%, and melanoma: 41.6%). Five-year survival rates ranked from best to worst were as follows: basal cell carcinoma (96.7 [95% confidence interval: 96.3-97.2]%), squamous cell carcinoma (94.1 [93.5-94.6]%), melanoma (89.7 [87.7-91.6]%), and cancer-free (87.4 [87.2-87.5]%) (p < 0.001 for all except melanoma vs. cancer-free, p = 0.534). Regarding graft survival, death-censored graft survival, posttransplant skin cancer, and melanoma were significantly better than the cancer-free group (p < 0.001). Independent risk factors for developing posttransplant skin cancer included older age, male sex, Caucasian race, pretransplant malignancy, polycystic kidney disease-induced end-stage renal disease (ESRD), retransplantation, private health insurance, T-cell depletion induction, and tacrolimus/mycophenolic acid use. Caucasian race and pretransplant malignancy were independent risk factors for posttransplant skin cancer onset momentum. Male sex, Caucasian race, pretransplant malignancy, hypertension- or diabetes-induced ESRD, retransplantation, diabetes history, deceased donor, cyclosporin, and mTOR inhibitor use were independent risk factors for posttransplant skin cancer mortality. Although posttransplant skin cancer is a major cause of recipient death, information regarding its impact on patient and graft survival is limited. Given the differences regarding risk factors for posttransplant skin cancer incidence, onset momentum, and mortality, personalized approaches to screening may be appropriate to address the complex issues encountered by kidney transplant recipients.

Skin cancer prevalence in farm workers in Spain

Solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is one of the main risk factors for non-melanoma skin cancer. In Spain, 11% of the population are outdoor workers. Farmers are among the outdoor workers with the highest levels of chronic sun exposure. To study the prevalence of skin cancer in farmers and evaluate their photoprotection habits. We performed an observational cross-sectional prospective study of farmers who completed a validated questionnaire on UVR exposure and protective behaviour and underwent a skin examination and skin colorimetry overseen by a dermatologist. The study population consisted of 215 farm workers (84.4% male; mean age: 65.8 ± 14 years; mean years working: 45 ± 18). Actinic keratosis (AK) was detected in 41.4%, basal cell carcinoma (BCC) in 9.8%, and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in 1.4%. The most frequent photoprotection measure was the shade (69.3%). Photoaging type was significantly associated with the presence of AK and BCC, and Olson Grade II and III AK lesions correlated with SCC. The number of nevi on the lower extremities was the only predictor of the appearance of BCC. Photoprotection measures were not regularly used by most farm workers and the prevalence of skin cancer lesions was high. The findings underscore the need to improve photoprotection habits and early detection of skin cancer in this population.

Novel Schiff base transition metal complexes for imparting UV protecting and antibacterial cellulose fabric: Experimental and computational investigations

In the search for ultraviolet radiation exposure protective textile to minimize risk factors for skin cancer, we synthesized a Schiff base ligand from the condensation reaction 2,4‐dihyroxybenzaldehyde with p‐amino aniline. Also, the Schiff base complexes with Fe (III), Mn (II), and Cr (III) were synthesized. The ligand and the complexes were characterized by ultraviolet (UV)‐visible, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H 13C NMR, X‐ray diffraction, and elemental analysis. We treated cotton fabric (CF) with the complexes to achieve the conventional fabric materials with highly efficient and durable UV protection properties. The modified CF is also characterized via different techniques. UV protection properties of coated fabrics are investigated by measuring UV protection factor values. Excellent UV protection even after 10 washing cycles can be used in protective textiles. In contrast to fungal activity, modified CF demonstrated strong antibacterial activity. We used the density functional theory to compute the reactivity indices and the binding energy of the complexes with the cellulosic fiber. The theoretical results favor binding the Fe (III) complex with the cellulose fiber. Also, Fe (III) metal complexes gave the highest antibacterial and UV protection. The modified fabrics' antibacterial and excellent UV protection make the studied complexes potential candidates for applying UV protective (ultraviolet protection factor) textiles.

Edukasi Tentang Pengenalan Tanda Gejala, Pencegahan dan Penanganan Kanker Kulit Sebagai Dampak Paparan Sinar Matahari dan Penggunaan Kosmetik Berbahan Kimia Berbahaya di Poli Kulit Rumah Sakit Akademik Universitas Mataram

Skin cancer is characterized by uncontrolled growth of skin cells, which can damage the surrounding tissue and can spread to other parts of the body. Ultraviolet radiation from the sun is the main cause of skin cancer. UV rays can damage the DNA that makes up genes. Chemicals, sunlight together with viruses are also other causative factors from outside the body. Health workers play an important role in providing education related to the health of the people of West Nusa Tenggara. Lack of public knowledge about the main causes of skin cancer, signs and symptoms, and how to prevent it, is the responsibility of health workers, to reduce the mortality rate caused by malignancy. The approach steps taken in this program are counseling or providing education to visitors to the skin and genital polyclinic at the Mataram University Hospital. Community service was carried out in the hall of UNRAM Hospital and Dermatology and Venereology Clinic of UNRAM Hospital by distributing flyers and also providing education through counseling about the importance of Skin Care. There were 12 participants and 13 patients visiting the skin and sex polyclinic at UNRAM Hospital. Before being given education, participants were asked to fill out a knowledge questionnaire about Ca Skin. Of the questionnaires given 22 people have less knowledge about the risk factors for skin cancer, signs and symptoms of skin cancer and what to do when it occurs. 3 other people know the risk factors for skin cavities and their signs and symptoms.