Risk Factor For Colorectal Cancer Research Articles

Effect of serum uric acid and gout on the incidence of colorectal cancer: A meta-analysis

ObjectivePathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC) depends on multiple factors. Identifying risk factors for CRC may facilitate the early prevention of the disease. We aimed to assess whether existing evidence suggests that serum uric acid (SUA) levels and gout are associated with CRC incidence. MethodsThe study was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022371591). Searches of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were conducted from the establishment to November 11, 2022. Pooled relative risk (RR) with 95 % confidence intervals (CI) was derived to evaluate the effect of SUA or gout on CRC incidence. Non-linear trend analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between SUA level and CRC incidence. ResultsTwelve eligible studies with 22 reports were included. A meta-analysis of the included studies showed that when the highest and lowest SUA level categories were compared, an association between SUA level and CRC incidence was revealed (RR, 1.35; 95 % CI: 1.27–1.43; P < 0.001). Non-linear relationship between SUA level and CRC incidence was found. Further meta-analysis indicated that gout was associated with CRC incidence (RR, 1.22; 95 % CI: 1.08–1.36; P = 0.001). ConclusionsBoth SUA level and gout were associated with an increased risk of CRC. Maintaining low SUA levels may be beneficial in reducing the incidence of CRC. Further studies evaluating the precise mechanisms underlying this association are needed to establish whether SUA/gout causes CRC.

Causal association between constipation and risk of colorectal cancer: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a globally significant health concern, necessitating effective preventive strategies through identifying modifiable risk factors. Constipation, characterized by infrequent bowel movements or difficulty passing stools, has been proposed as a potential CRC risk factor. However, establishing causal links between constipation and CRC remains challenging due to observational study limitations. Mendelian randomization (MR) utilizes genetic variants as instrumental variables, capitalizing on genetically determined variation to assess causal relationships. In this dual-sample bidirectional MR study, we extracted genetic data from independent cohorts with CRC (Include colon cancer and rectal cancer) and constipation cases. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified constipation and CRC-associated genetic variants used as instruments to infer causality. The bidirectional MR analysis evaluated constipation's impact on CRC risk and the possibility of reverse causation. Employing bidirectional MR, we explored the causal relationship between constipation and CRC using publicly available GWAS data. Analysis of constipation's effect on CRC identified 26 significant SNPs, all with strong instrumental validity. IVW-random effect analysis suggested a potential causal link [OR = 1.002(1.000, 1.004); P = 0.023], although alternative MR approaches were inconclusive. Investigating CRC's impact on constipation, 28 significant SNPs were identified, yet IVW analyses found no causal effect [OR = 0.137(0.007, 2.824); P = 0.198]. Other MR methods also yielded no significant causal association. We analyzed constipation separately from colon and rectal cancer using the same methodology in both directions, and no causal relationship was obtained. Our bidirectional MR study suggests a potential constipation-CRC link, with mixed MR approach outcomes. Limited evidence supports constipation causing CRC. Reliable instruments, minimal heterogeneity, and robust analyses bolster these findings, enriching understanding. Future research should explore additional factors to enhance comprehension and clinical implications.

Risk Factors for Colorectal Cancer: A Case-control Study in Egypt, 2022

Risk Factors for Colorectal Cancer: A Case-control Study in Egypt, 2022

Type 2 Diabetes and Colorectal Cancer Risk

ImportanceType 2 diabetes and colorectal cancer (CRC) disproportionately burden indviduals of low socioeconomic status and African American race. Although diabetes is an emerging CRC risk factor, associations between diabetes and CRC in these populations are understudied.ObjectiveTo determine if diabetes is associated with CRC risk in a cohort representing understudied populations.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study uses data from the prospective Southern Community Cohort Study in the US, which recruited from 2002 to 2009 and completed 3 follow-up surveys by 2018. Of about 85 000 participants, 86% enrolled at community health centers, while 14% were enrolled via mail or telephone from the same 12 recruitment states. Participants with less than 2 years of follow-up, previous cancer diagnosis (excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) at enrollment, missing enrollment diabetes status, diabetes diagnosis before age 30, and without diabetes at enrollment with no follow-up participation were excluded. Data were analyzed from January to September 2023.ExposuresPhysician-diagnosed diabetes and age at diabetes diagnosis were self-reported via survey at enrollment and 3 follow-ups.Main Outcomes and MeasuresDiabetes diagnosis was hypothesized to be positively associated with CRC risk before analysis. Incident CRC was assessed via state cancer registry and National Death Index linkage. Hazard ratios and 95% CIs were obtained via Cox proportional hazard models, using time-varying diabetes exposure.ResultsAmong 54 597 participants, the median (IQR) enrollment age was 51 (46-58) years, 34 786 (64%) were female, 36 170 (66%) were African American, and 28 792 (53%) had income less than $15 000 per year. In total, 289 of 25 992 participants with diabetes developed CRC, vs 197 of 28 605 participants without diabetes. Diabetes was associated with increased CRC risk (hazard ratio [HR], 1.47; 95% CI, 1.21-1.79). Greater associations were observed among participants without colonoscopy screening (HR, 2.07; 95% CI, 1.16-3.67) and with smoking history (HR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.14-2.31), potentially due to cancer screening differences. Greater associations were also observed for participants with recent diabetes diagnoses (diabetes duration &amp;amp;lt;5 years compared with 5-10 years; HR, 2.55; 95% CI, 1.77-3.67), possibly due to recent screening.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study where the majority of participants were African American with low socioeconomic status, diabetes was associated with elevated CRC risk, suggesting that diabetes prevention and control may reduce CRC disparities. The association was attenuated for those who completed colonoscopies, highlighting how adverse effects of diabetes-related metabolic dysregulation may be disrupted by preventative screening.

Cholesterol induction in CD8+ T cell exhaustion in colorectal cancer via the regulation of endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria contact sites.

Hypercholesterolemia is one of the risk factors for colorectal cancer (CRC). Cholesterol can participate in the regulation of human T cell function and affect the occurrence and development of CRC. To elucidate the pathogenesis of CRC immune escape mediated by CD8+ T cell exhaustion induced by cholesterol. CRC samples (n = 217) and healthy individuals (n = 98) were recruited to analyze the relationship between peripheral blood cholesterol levels and the clinical features of CRC. An animal model of CRC with hypercholesterolemia was established. Intraperitoneal intervention with endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) inhibitors in hypercholesterolemic CRC mice was performed. CD69, PD1, TIM-3, and CTLA-4 on CD8+ T cells of spleens from C57BL/6J mice were detected by flow cytometry. CD8+ T cells were cocultured with MC38 cells (mouse colon cancer cell line). The proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasive ability of MC38 cells were detected by CCK-8 assay, Annexin-V APC/7-AAD double staining, scratch assay and transwell assay, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the ER structure of CD8+ T cells. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of ERS and mitophagy-related proteins. Mitochondrial function and energy metabolism were measured. Immunoprecipitation was used to detect the interaction of endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria contact site (ERMC) proteins. Immunofluorescence colocalization was used to detect the expression and intracellular localization of ERMC-related molecules. Peripheral blood cholesterol-related indices, including Tc, low density lipoproteins (LDL) and Apo(a), were all increased, and high density lipoprotein (HDL) was decreased in CRCs. The proliferation, migration and invasion abilities of MC38 cells were enhanced, and the proportion of tumor cell apoptosis was decreased in the high cholesterol group. The expression of IL-2 and TNF-α was decreased, while IFN-γ was increased in the high cholesterol group. It indicated high cholesterol could induce exhaustion of CD8+ T cells, leading to CRC immune escape. Hypercholesterolemia damaged the ER structure of CD8+ T cells and increased the expression of ER stress molecules (CHOP and GRP78), lead to CD8+ T cell exhaustion. The expression of mitophagy-related proteins (BNIP3, PINK and Parkin) in exhausted CD8+ T cells increased at high cholesterol levels, causing mitochondrial energy disturbance. High cholesterol enhanced the colocalization of Fis1/Bap31, MFN2/cox4/HSP90B1, VAPB/PTPIP51, VDAC1/IPR3/GRP75 in ERMCs, indicated that high cholesterol promoted the intermolecular interaction between ER and mitochondrial membranes in CD8+ T cells. High cholesterol regulated the ERS-ERMC-mitophagy axis to induce the exhaustion of CD8+ T cells in CRC.

Analysing the colorectal cancer screening patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic and their effects on patient outcomes.

40 Background: In Canada, colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks as the third most prevalent cancer and second leading cause of cancer mortality (1). The potential to prevent a significant proportion of colorectal cancers and associated mortality through effective screening is widely acknowledged (Han-Mo Chiu, 2021). Notably, fecal immunohistochemistry testing (FIT) has led to improved early detection of CRC (2). However, FIT screening was suspended in Canada in the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic response. Specifically, in Ontario, the collection of FIT samples was suspended between March 23rd, 2020 and August 26th, 2020 (3). During this 3-month period, an estimated 540,000 Canadians would have participated in screening, as indicated by OncoSim, a microsimulation model for cancer (4). The primary objective was to evaluate the consequences of screening cessation, through comparison of asymptomatic and symptomatic CRC diagnoses at the Windsor Regional Cancer Centre in Windsor, Ontario. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed for patients admitted to the Windsor Regional Cancer Centre of Windsor Regional Hospital between December 2016 and June 2021. Demographic data, risk factors for CRC, cancer operability status, and the presence of symptoms at diagnosis of CRC were recorded. Results: 771 patient charts were reviewed and 77 (10%) were excluded due to duplication or insufficient chart data. Of the remaining 694 patients, 545 (79%) were classified as the pre-COVID group (December 2016 to February 2020) and 149 (21%) as the COVID group (March 2020 to June 2021). We found a 2.5% increase in symptomatic diagnoses of CRC in patients diagnosed after March 2020 (pre-COVID group vs. COVID group). However, we did not observe a significant difference in proportion of inoperable CRC cases between groups. Conclusions: The observed trend of symptomatic diagnoses of CRC underscores the importance of FIT screening for early CRC detection and the need for increased catch-up screening to mitigate the potential risks and mortality associated with CRC screening interruptions. For this, it is presumed that a population of patients exists who would have tested positive through FIT screening but instead presented symptomatically at a later stage of the disease. It is also important to note that our study data did not extend beyond June 2021, so we could not capture the complete impact of FIT cessation. (1) Canadian Cancer Statistics, 2021. (2) Zauber, 2015. (3) Ontario Health, 2021. (4) StatCan, 2021.

Revisiting the Prognostic Impact of Family History in Colorectal Cancer by Retrospective Propensity Score Matching.

Family history of colorectal cancer (CRC) is a known risk factor for CRC. However, its prognostic value in patients with CRC remains controversial. This study aimed to clarify the prognostic impact of a family history of CRC. We retrospectively reviewed the database from 1978 to 2018 and enrolled 3,655 consecutive patients with CRC. We investigated the clinicopathological factors of patients with CRC with and without a family history. After propensity score matching, we performed a survival analysis of patients with CRC with and without a family history. Patients with CRC with a family history of CRC had a young onset (63.2 and 65.9; p<0.001), were more likely to be female (54.3% and 49.7%; p=0.042), had less symptomatic disease (76.9% and 80.8%; p=0.008), were more likely to have right-sided colon cancer (27.5% and 26.1%), and had less distant metastases (11.3% and 14.9%; p=0.023) and multiple CRCs (10.2% and 7.8%) compared with those without a family history of CRC. Prior to propensity score matching, CRC-specific survival analysis showed that a family history of CRC was a good prognostic factor (p=0.022). After propensity score matching, survival curves overlapped between the two groups. Patients with CRC with a family history of CRC had specific clinicopathological features including younger onset, female sex, proximal colon location, fewer symptoms, smaller number of distant metastases, likelihood of multiple diseases, and earlier cancer stage. Family history of CRC in patients with CRC was not a prognostic factor.

Interval colorectal cancers after negative faecal immunochemical test in the New Zealand Bowel Screening Pilot

ObjectiveEvaluate the diagnostic performance of faecal immunochemical test (FIT), identify risk factors for FIT-interval colorectal cancers (FIT-IC) and describe long-term outcomes of participants with colorectal cancers (CRC) in the New...

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mortality among patients with colorectal cancer in Hiroshima, Japan: A large cancer registry study.

This retrospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on colorectal cancer care and mortality using a large cancer registry in Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan. The study aimed to estimate the all-cause mortality rates within 1 year of diagnosis among colorectal cancer patients diagnosed during the pandemic period (2020 and 2021) compared to those diagnosed during the pre-pandemic period (2018 and 2019). The day of diagnosis was set as Day 0 and Cox regression models were utilized to estimate crude hazard ratios (HRs) and adjusted HRs, accounting for age, sex, cancer stage, and treatment status. Two sensitivity analyses of overall survival were performed with different cutoffs of the pre-pandemic/pandemic periods and year-to-year comparisons. Subgroup analyses were performed using likelihood ratio tests. A total of 15,085 colorectal cancer patients were included, with 6499 eligible for follow-up. A median age of included patients was 72 years old, of which 59% were male. The distribution of cancer stages showed little variation between the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods. With a median follow-up of 177 days, the number of events was 316/3111 (173 events per 1000 person-years [E/1000PY], 95% confidence interval [CI]: 154-192 E/1000PY) in the pre-pandemic period, and 326/2746 (245 E/1000PY, 95% CI: 220-274 E/1000PY) in the pandemic period (crude HR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.22-1.66; adjusted HR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.07-1.46). The two sensitivity analyses and subgroup analyses consistently supported these findings. The study revealed an increased colorectal cancer mortality during the pandemic period, suggesting a continuous impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the known and unknown risk factors for colorectal cancer for several years. Further studies are necessary to mitigate the adverse effects on patient outcomes.

Comprehensive Analysis of Early-onset Colorectal Cancer: A Review.

Early-onset colorectal cancer (CRC), which refers to CRC diagnosed in individuals below the age of 50 years, is a growing health concern that presents unique challenges in diagnosis, treatment, and long-term outcomes. Although approximately 70% of early-onset CRC cases are sporadic, with no apparent family history, approximately 25% have a familial component, and up to 20% may be associated with germline mutations, indicating a higher prevalence compared with the general population. Despite the progress in identifying the environmental, molecular, and genetic risk factors of early-onset CRC, the underlying causes for the global increase in its incidence remain unclear. This comprehensive review aims to provide a thorough analysis of early-onset CRC by examining the trends associated with its incidence, clinical and pathological characteristics, risk factors, molecular and genetic profiles, prognosis and screening strategies. By deepening our understanding of early-onset CRC, significant advances related to improving the outcomes and alleviating the burden of this disease on individuals, families, and healthcare systems can be achieved.

Ellagic Acid Prevented Dextran-Sodium-Sulfate-Induced Colitis, Liver, and Brain Injury through Gut Microbiome Changes.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) affects millions of people worldwide and is considered a significant risk factor for colorectal cancer. Recent in vivo and in vitro studies reported that ellagic acid (EA) exhibits important antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we investigated the preventive effects of EA against dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced acute colitis, liver, and brain injury in mice through the gut-liver-brain axis. Acute colitis, liver, and brain injury were induced by treatment with 5% (w/v) DSS in the drinking water for 7 days. Freshly prepared EA (60 mg/kg/day) was orally administered, while control (CON) group mice were treated similarly by daily oral administrations with a vehicle (water). All the mice were euthanized 24 h after the final treatment with EA. The blood, liver, colon, and brain samples were collected for further histological and biochemical analyses. Co-treatment with a physiologically relevant dose (60 mg/kg/day) of EA for 7 days significantly reduced the DSS-induced gut barrier dysfunction; endotoxemia; and inflammatory gut, liver, and brain injury in mice by modulating gut microbiota composition and inhibiting the elevated oxidative and nitrative stress marker proteins. Our results further demonstrated that the preventive effect of EA on the DSS-induced IBD mouse model was mediated by blocking the NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Therefore, EA co-treatment significantly attenuated the pro-inflammatory and oxidative stress markers by suppressing the activation of NF-κB/MAPK pathways in gut, liver, and brain injury. These results suggest that EA, effective in attenuating IBD in a mouse model, deserves further consideration as a potential therapeutic for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.

Risk factors for colorectal cancer in a fecal immunochemical test-positive group: The National Health Insurance Service-National Health Screening Cohort.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) was the fourth most common cancer in Republic of Korea in 2019. It has a gradually increasing mortality rate, indicating the importance of screening for CRC. Among the various CRC screening test, fecal immunochemical test (FIT) is a simple yet most commonly used. Neverthelss, there have been only few long-term studies on subjects with FIT-positive. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the risk factors for CRC in FIT-positive patients using the National Health Insurance Service Bigdata database. Among 1737633 individuals with a FIT screening result for CRC in 2009, 101143 (5.82%) were confirmed to be FIT positive. The CRC incidence over 10years (up to 2018) of these participants was investigated using the National Cancer Registry. Out of the 101143 FIT-positive participants, 4395 (4.35%) were diagnosed with CRC. The FIT-positive patients who underwent a second round of screening showed a 5-year cumulative CRC incidence of approximately 1.25%, whereas those who did not showed an incidence of approximately 3.75%. Among the FIT-positive patients, the CRC incidence in the non-compliance group for the second round of screening was 2.8 times higher than that in the compliance group. In FIT-positive participants, non-compliance with the second round of screening was identified as a major risk factor for CRC development. It is necessary to establish appropriate strategies for managing risk factors for CRC in FIT-positive patients to increase the rate of compliance with the second round of CRC screening.

The impact of body weight on the development of peritoneal metastases in colorectal cancer patients: results from a nationwide cohort study

BackgroundObesity is a major global health problem and an important risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC) is increased body weight. Obesity plays a role in the peritoneal dissemination of cancer; however, it is unclear whether this also applies for peritoneal dissemination of CRC. The purpose of this study was to provide insight in the role of obesity on the peritoneal dissemination of colorectal cancer.MethodsOf all patients diagnosed with CRC in the Netherlands in the first half of 2015, follow-up data was completed in 2019. Weight at time of primary diagnosis was categorized as underweight, normal weight, overweight, or obese. Logistic regression modelling was used to assess the association between weight and the presence of synchronous colorectal peritoneal metastases (CPM), and Cox regression modelling was used to assess the association between weight and metachronous CPM. Patient and tumor characteristics were taken into account. The analyses were adjusted for tumor stage, nodal stage, tumor location, and tumor histology.ResultsIn total, 6436 patients were included in this study. Two-hundred ninety-three (4.6%) patients presented with synchronous CPM at the time of primary diagnosis, while another 278 (5.1%) patients developed metachronous CPM after a median time of 16.5 months. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression modelling did not identify an effect of weight on the presence of synchronous CPM. Neither underweight (odds ratio [OR] 1.10, 95% CI 0.48–2.54), nor overweight (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.71–1.29), or obesity (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.56–1.26) was either positively or negatively associated with the presence of synchronous peritoneal metastases as compared to normal weight. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression modelling did not identify an effect of weight on the development of metachronous CPM. Neither underweight (HR 0.162, 95% CI 0.02–1.16), nor overweight (HR 1.07, 95% CI 0.82–1.39), or obesity (HR 1.02, 95% CI 0.73–1.16) was either positively or negatively associated with the presence of synchronous peritoneal metastases as compared to normal weight.ConclusionCRC patients who are overweight or obese are not more at risk for the presence of synchronous CPM nor development of metachronous CPM than their normal-weight counterparts.

Family history of cancer as a potential risk factor for colorectal cancer in EMRO countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis

The current meta-analysis aims to investigate the existing articles that evaluated the implications of a positive family history of cancer on the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) within the EMRO countries. We employed PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science as search databases for this study. To assess the quality of the selected articles, we utilized the Newcastle–Ottawa (NCO) checklist. In comparing the impact of a family history of cancer between the case and control groups, we computed the odds ratio (OR) along with its corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). Finally, 27 articles were selected for meta-analysis. The result of the meta-analysis showed a significant association between the presence of a family history of CRC or any cancers and CRC (OR 2.21; 95% CI 1.54–3.17; P < 0.001, OR 1.76; 95% CI 1.27–2.42; P = 0.001, respectively). Our findings underscore the critical importance of timely screening and early identification for individuals with a family history of cancer. By fostering close coordination among healthcare facilities and actively promoting the adoption of screening methods for early detection, we have the potential to significantly reduce both mortality rates and financial burdens of CRC on the general public, ultimately leading to enhanced patient outcomes.

National and subnational incidence, mortality and associated factors of colorectal cancer in China: A systematic analysis and modelling study.

Due to their known variation by geography and economic development, we aimed to evaluate the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC) in China over the past decades and identify factors associated with CRC among the Chinese population to provide targeted information on disease prevention. We conducted a systemic review and meta-analysis of epidemiolocal studies on the incidence, mortality, and associated factors of CRC among the Chinese population, extracting and synthesising data from eligible studies retrieved from seven global and Chinese databases. We pooled age-standardised incidence rates (ASIRs) and mortality rates (ASMRs) for each province, subregion, and the whole of China, and applied a joinpoint regression model and annual per cent changes (APCs) to estimate the trends of CRC incidence and mortality. We conducted random-effects meta-analyses to assess the effect estimates of identified associated risk factors. We included 493 articles; 271 provided data on CRC incidence or mortality, and 222 on associated risk factors. Overall, the ASIR of CRC in China increased from 2.75 to 19.39 (per 100 000 person-years) between 1972 and 2019 with a slowed-down growth rate (APC1 = 5.75, APC2 = 0.42), while the ASMR of CRC decreased from 12.00 to 7.95 (per 100 000 person-years) between 1974 and 2020 with a slight downward trend (APC = -0.89). We analysed 62 risk factors with synthesized data; 16 belonging to the categories of anthropometrics factors, lifestyle factors, dietary factors, personal histories and mental health conditions were graded to be associated with CRC risk among the Chinese population in the meta-analysis limited to the high-quality studies. We found substantial variation of CRC burden across regions and provinces of China and identified several associated risk factors for CRC, which could help to guide the formulation of targeted disease prevention and control strategies. PROSPERO: CRD42022346558.

Indigenizing and Ruralizing NCI Screen to Save Program: Resources, Optimizing Outreach, Teaching, Science (ROOTS)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a complex health disparity in many Indigenous and rural populations. While it affects anyone regardless of race, age, gender, or other common differences among people, Indigenous and rural populations are at a higher risk of dying from colorectal cancer. An NCI Screen to Save (S2S) program was culturally tailored to promote awareness and knowledge of colorectal cancer and screening in both Indigenous and rural communities across a sector in Northeastern USA. Indigenous and rural community outreach teams at an NCI-designated cancer center partnered with a community advisory board to provide an indigenized/ruralized version of the NCI Screen to Save program delivered to both Indigenous and rural/suburban communities. In total, n = 79 pre/post surveys were obtained from n = 82 participants, who had an average age of 49 years. Findings demonstrated that Indigenous/rural participants in both off-territory/non-reservation communities and a tribal community that received a culturally tailored version of NCI’s S2S program were able to identify both smoking and tobacco use along with lack of physical activity as risk factors for colorectal cancer. Post-intervention, participants reported being more likely to increase physical activity. Most importantly, participants said they would be more likely to be screened for colorectal cancer along with their family and friends based on their cancer screening experiences. Culturally tailored CRC messaging is an effective means for increasing screening intentions and decreasing cancer health disparities among both indigenous and rural populations. Future research should include the relationship of diet to obesity-related cancers, greater integration of Indigenous-rural patient navigation programs, creation of more information on genetic screening, and quality improvement to service translational science initiatives.

Polymorphisms of TP53 gene and its association with colorectal cancer: A case-control investigation

The tumor suppressor gene (TP53) is crucial for DNA repair mechanism, apoptosis, and cell cycle regulation and progression. In human cancer, TP53 is mutated and highly polymorphic. In the current case-control research investigation, we investigated TP53 gene SNPs, in exonic and intronic regions, as potential risk factors for colorectal cancer (CRC). This study comprised of 192 patients and 192 control. Obtained data illustrated that only the G allele; rs1042522 (Pro72Arg (C > G), demonstrated a statistically significant association, almost 1.5-fold induction promotes the risk of CRC development in contrast to individuals with the C allele (OR = 1.5, χ2 = 7.28, p = 0.00696). The homozygous variant GG genotype of rs1042522 was also a significant risk factor to CRC development (OR = 2.1, χ2 = 6.41, p = 0.01136). SNP rs1042522 polymorphism established a considerably elevated odds of CRC among male patients aged < 57 years and in patients’ with tumors situated in colon region. In silico analysis exhibited that proline to arginine amino acid substitution affects the protein structure. Both rs1642785 and rs9894946 SNPs did not demonstrate any significant statistical association with CRC. In conclusion, this study confirmed that rs1042522 SNP within TP53 gene is correlated with possibility of developing CRC in the Saudi population. This finding highlights those polymorphisms within TP53 gene could act as a diagnostic indicator for CRC.

The significant role of a functional polymorphism rs9637231 in long non-coding RNA, LINC02892 in colorectal cancer: Evidence from an Iranian cohort

BackgroundLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are known to be involved in cancer development and progression. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in lncRNAs may affect the structure, expression, and function of lncRNAs, influencing the cancer risk. In the present case-control study, we investigated the association of LINC02892 SNP rs963723l with colorectal cancer (CRC). MethodsA total of 1130 samples (530 cases and 600 controls), were collected to determine the association between rs9637231 C > T and CRC. Tetra Primer ARMS-PCR was used to determine the genotypes. Statistical analysis was performed employing logistic regression. ResultsThe analysis results indicated that individuals with TT genotype had 89% (95%CI = 1.40–2.57, P < 1.00E-3) and 53% (OR = 1.53, 95%CI = 1.12–2.1, P = 8.00E-3) higher risks of CRC compared to wild-type homozygotes and C allele carriers, respectively. Furthermore, T allele carriers demonstrated a 72% (OR = 1.72, 95%CI = 1.31–2.25, P < 0.001) increased risk of CRC in comparison with wild-type homozygotes. The outcomes were adjusted for factors such as age, gender, and smoking status. ConclusionsSNP rs9637231 might be a risk factor for CRC.

Colorectal Cancer Awareness and Related Factors Among Adults Attending Primary Healthcare in North-Eastern of Iran: A Cross-sectional Study.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent cancer in Iran. This study aimed to assess the level of awareness regarding CRC warning signs, risk factors, screening program, and related factors among adults in North-Eastern Iran. Study Design: A cross-sectional study. The multi-stage sampling method was used to survey 2614 participants attending primary healthcare centers in Mashhad, Iran. The data collection tools were the demographics section and Bowel/ CRC Awareness Measure (Bowel/Colorectal CAM). The data were analyzed by SPSS, version 25. The significance level of the data analysis was less than 0.05. Mean awareness for CRC warning signs and CRC risk factors were 2.85±2.13 and 3.63±1.85, respectively. Most participants (97.2%) had no awareness of the CRC screening program. There was a significant association between marital status, education, job, income, and family history of CRC with awareness of warning signs (P<0.001); moreover, there was a significant association between age, education, job, income, and family history of CRC with awareness of risk factors (P<0.001). The results of logistic regression indicated that there was a significant association between age (P=0.022, OR=1.794, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.087, 2.962), gender (P=0.005, OR=0.488, 95% CI: 0.296, 0.803) and warning sign awareness (P<0.001, OR=1.278, 95% CI: 1.124, 1.454) with awareness of the CRC screening program. In this study, most of the participants had low awareness of CRC. More aimed educational interventions are needed to promote Iranian adults' awareness of CRC.

Risk of recurrent advanced colorectal neoplasia in individuals with baseline non-advanced neoplasia followed up at 5 vs 7-10years.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the commonest cancers, especially among the Asian populations. We compared the recurrence rate of advanced colorectal neoplasia (ACN) at 5year vs 7-10years among individuals with non-advanced adenoma (NAA) detected and polypectomized at baseline colonoscopy in a large Chinese population. We extracted data of a large Chinese population with NAA polypectomized who received surveillance colonoscopy after 5 or 7-10years from a large database (2008-2018). The outcome variable included recurrence of ACN at surveillance colonoscopy. We examined the association between length of surveillance and the outcome variable, whilst controlling for risk factors of colorectal cancer. We include 109768 subjects who have received a baseline colonoscopy from our dataset. They were aged 67.35 (SD 9.84) years, and 60.9% of them were male subjects. The crude 5-year and 10-year recurrence rate of ACN was 1.50% and 2.42%, respectively (crude odds ratio=1.629, 95% CI 1.362 to 1.949, P<0.001). From the binary logistic regression model, individuals with surveillance colonoscopy performed at 10years had a statistically higher recurrence rate of ACN than those followed-up at 5year (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=1.544, 95% CI 1.266 to 1.877, P<0.001), but the effect size of aOR is small. There is a small difference in recurrence of ACN between individuals who received colonoscopy workup at 5years vs 7-10years. These findings support a 7-10years surveillance period after baseline NAA was polypectomized.