Risk Characteristics Research Articles

Behaviours and drivers of diagnosis-related group upcoding in China: A mixed-methods study.

As a highly destructive gaming behaviour in Diagnosis-Related Group (DRG), upcoding has garnered increasing scholarly attention. This study considers the prevalence, types and risk characteristics of upcoding during the pilot implementation of DRG payments in China, and it also explores the drivers of upcoding and provides corresponding policy recommendations for improving the system. Quantitative research data were sourced from the DRG payment audit database in City Z between the dates of June 1, 2019 and May 31, 2020, encompassing audit results comprising 200 medical records randomly selected from 28 hospitals. Qualitative research methods were used, including semi-structured interviews conducted with 10 stakeholders with interests in the DRG payment system, and thematic framework of the consequent data. 5,157 (92.01%) valid records were re-abstracted. 666 (12.91%) evaluated records were found to be upcoded, resulting in an additional payment at a rate of 45.27%. Several factors emerged as shedding light on the probability of upcoding, including cases with comorbidities, those undergoing non-operating room procedures and internal medical treatments, cases in for-profit hospitals and cases in tertiary hospitals. The main drivers of upcoding were found to be financial and administrative pressures, dysfunctional attitudes towards upcoding, technical facilitation and lack of supervision. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the behaviours and drivers of DRG upcoding in China, considering the unique hospital management system and incentive mechanisms in place. The results demonstrate that, following the initiation of the DRG payment system, providers have begun to engage in upcoding behaviour under various drivers, leading to additional health care expenditures and undermining the effectiveness of the scheme. In terms of mounting a response to this behaviour, understanding it and what drives it can aid in its prevention. This study suggests implementing intelligent audits to strengthen supervision and supporting hospitals in cost management.

A Novel Time-Frame Regional Collision Risk Model Based on Dynamic Time Warping

The quantification of collision risk in the water area is crucial for marine traffic safety. However, most existing studies primarily adopt a statistical perspective or only consider collision risks at discrete time points, neglecting the dynamic nature and temporal characteristics of collision risk. To overcome the problem, this paper proposed a novel time-frame regional collision risk model based on dynamic time warping (DTW). The time series of the ships in the water area were generated by modeling the collision risk from the perspectives of geometric encounters and traffic situation pressure. Dynamic time warping was used to mine the eigenvalue of each sequence in representing collision risk. The time-frame regional collision risk can be obtained by synthesizing the collision risk eigenvalues through considering the contribution of each ship to the entire collision risk. To validate the proposed model, some experiments were carried out by using the real AIS data in the Bohai Strait. The results show the capability of the proposed model in reasonably and effectively identifying the time-frame regional collision risk and prove its merits compared with the traditional methods. Therefore, it can better assist the supervision and analysis of regional collision risk so as to further enhance marine traffic safety.

Exploration and exploitation: Which research strategy are you better at?

Abstract This study quantifies and analyzes the individual-level abilities of scientists utilizing either an exploration or an exploitation strategy. Specifically, we present a Research Strategy Q model, which untangles the coupling effect of scientists’ research ability (Qα) and research strategy ability (Eαπ) on research performance. Qα indicates scientists’ fundamental ability to publish high-quality papers, while Eαπ indicates scientists’ proficiency in terms of exploration and exploitation strategies. Five research strategies proposed by our previous study are employed. We generate synthetic data and collect empirical data as our experimental data set. We show that these research strategies present different benefit and risk characteristics. Adopting some exploitation strategies tends to stifle research performance, while exploration strategies are high risk and high yield. Qα and Eαπ have predictive power for research performance. Moreover, we find that, first, scholars who prefer to execute a research strategy, π, may not necessarily be better at executing π. Second, some scholars have differences in their abilities towards different strategies, while other scholars have differences in their abilities towards the same strategy. Third, exploration and exploitation are not contradictory but complementary from the perspective of proficiency, while they are mutually exclusive from the perspective of selection preference.

Online risk exposure and mental health in Chinese junior high school students: A latent profile analysis

We explored the latent profile of online risk exposure and its relationship with school students’ mental health. Junior high school students (n = 1 178; female = 49.5%, male = 50.5%; Grade 7 = 57.1%, Grade 8 = 42.9%) completed measures of online risk exposure, anxiety, depression, self-esteem, and subjective well-being. Latent profile analysis yielded heterogeneity in online risk exposure, which could be divided into security group, explicit content exposure group, and risk group. Of these groups, the security group had the best mental health status, followed by the explicit content exposure group, and the risk group had the worst mental health status. By demographics, girls, junior high school students with a poor family socioeconomic status and poor academic performance had lower mental health levels. Our findings indicate a need for phased prevention programs by online risk characteristics to improve junior high school students’ mental health.

Descriptive Methodology for Risk Situation of Disastrous Sea Waves in the China Sea

To meet the needs of marine disaster prevention and mitigation, this paper proposes a systematic methodological framework to describe the annual risk situation of Disastrous Sea Waves (DSWs) from four perspectives. Its application is demonstrated for the China Sea in 2023 as a case study. The systematic approach is reflected in the following: (1) a comprehensive description of DSW risks based on three dimensions: occurrence frequency, maximum intensity, and hazard index; (2) an overview of the DSW risk characteristics for the year through spatial and monthly distributions; (3) a comparative analysis of the year’s DSWs, with historical data based on anomalies and return periods used to assess the risk characteristics and extremities; and (4) an analysis of the causes of the year’s characteristics based on monthly anomalies and weather systems. Through its application to the China Sea in 2023, the analysis process is introduced as follows. (1) High-Frequency and Intensity Areas: DSWs frequently occurred in the northeastern South China Sea (SCS) and Taiwan Strait, exceeding 450 h. The maximum significant wave height (Hs), reaching 11.3 m, was recorded in the southern East China Sea (ECS) in August. (2) Extremity in Frequency and Attribution: The occurrence frequency was extremely high, with the cumulative hours exceeding the historical average by 159 h (9.1%). The southwestern SCS showed the most significant excess, up to 168 h (>120%). The reason for this was that DSWs in January caused by prolonged cold air lasted 236 h longer (121%). (3) Extremity in Intensity and Attribution: The maximum Hs in the southern ECS and Taiwan Strait was 2 m (30%) higher than the historical average. The intensified cold air waves caused the higher intensities. (4) Hazard Levels: Higher risk occurred in the southwestern SCS, southern ECS, and Taiwan Strait, while the highest extremity occurred in the Bohai Sea.

Characteristics of security risks of large industrial investments and their management principles

Aim: Major construction and investment security is important if order to be done successfully. The aim of this article is to describe and analyses security relations of these kind of projects. Analyzing several part of security they affect the result of construction activities, risk assessment and risk mitigation, and of course to protect stake holders interests are the main directions of security activity. Secured environment also a base of achieve the expected results and activity of loss protection. Transparency, finalized workflows and tactics also can guarantee of a stable background during planning, implementation and later on final operation. Methodology: The author carried out qualitative research, using secondary data, and conducted a document analysis in order to provide a comprehensive picture of the security-related connections of major industrial investments. Empirical experience also helped the work, as the author himself participated in the management of a priority industrial investment project as a security manager. Findings: The success of priority industrial investments is significantly influenced by its level of security. Effective security activities require the active cooperation of several organizations. Transparency, meticulous security processes and methods are a kind of guarantee for ensuring a stable framework in the phases of planning, implementation and then operation. Value: Emphasizing the security risks arising during the preparation of industrial investments, involving interested organizations in the security activity, a kind of preventive security activity in order to prevent the loss of property and help the success of the project.

IJE-ỤWA: An Existentialist Discourse on the Uncertainties of Life

Life itself is a mystery; characterized by both positive and negative risks and uncertainties. Life is like a moving train; human beings participate in it simply by living it. This means that no one can be certain of any experience or event in life. The issue, therefore, is that even when man propose solutions through scientific manipulations, divine revelations, acts of reason, or natural occurrences, the outcomes remain uncertain. These are the ideas that the term Ije-ụwa represents. But here are the research questions: (1) Why is the human life full of uncertainties even with human intelligence over and above other creatures? (2) Can anybody avoid the characteristics of risks and uncertainties of life? (3) What is then the responsibility of man to survive the phenomenon of Ije-ụwa? It is in contemplation on these questions that this paper defended that life is characteristic of risks and uncertainties; and that these are existential wake-up calls unto human beings for authentic living. This paper is expected to (1) analyze and expose the concept of Ije-ụwa and how existentially philosophical it is, and (2) stand as a huge academic contribution to existentialist discourses from an Igbo perspective. The paper adopted hermeneutical approach to analyze and expose the philosophic contents of the term Ije-ụwa.

Cyclist safety assessment using autonomous vehicles.

Proactive and holistic safety management approaches should consider multi-modal crash risk. Cyclist crash risk should be prioritized given the high-severity of vehicle-cyclist crashes. Cyclist crash risk is difficult to quantify given the sparse nature of cyclist collisions and collisions in general. There is thus a need to develop a more proactive approach for multi-modal road-safety management by leveraging new technologies. This study proposes a conflict-based methodology to estimate cyclist crash risk using autonomous vehicle data, extrapolating from observed conflicts to real-time dynamic crash risk. Using 87hours of data from an autonomous vehicle dataset from downtown Boston (nuPlan), traffic conflicts were identified. A Bayesian Hierarchical Extreme Value model was created representing driver and cyclist crash risk over short time intervals. This allows for identifying the real-time crash risk of various intersections and mid-blocks, enabling route-level safety metrics. The spatiotemporal characteristics of crash risk were examined in this study. Routes with cyclist facilities were found to be safer for cyclists, on average, than those with shared facilities. However, substantial fluctuations in crash risk were observed at different time intervals, with the shared facilities sometimes being safer than those with painted or buffered bicycle lanes. This highlights the need for real-time safety monitoring. At the user-level, a safest route application was also proposed, allowing for an impedance function to be developed based on real-time crash risk and the comparison of any number of nodes and links along a particular route.

Clinical predictors in acute optic neuritis: Analysis based on clinical trial data.

To identify baseline clinical predictors of visual outcomes six months after acute optic neuritis using data from our completed clinical neuroprotection trial (TONE study). Secondary analysis of data from the TONE study cohort (NCT01962571). Total of 103 patients presenting within 10 days of a first episode of acute unilateral optic neuritis as a clinically isolated syndrome with baseline high contrast visual acuity (HCVA) < 20/40 Snellen (logMAR 0.3). Patients were recruited from 12 German university hospitals between November 25th, 2014, and October 9th, 2017. We selected potential predictors based on literature research and experience, then computed initial linear regression models that each included one predictor together with the baseline value of the outcome of interest. We used a forward-selection approach to build a multiple regression model for each outcome. Since the trial medication of the TONE study (erythropoietin) had no effect on the visual system, we used pooled (treatment-agnostic) data for all analyses. Independent predictors of HCVA, low contrast letter acuity, visual-evoked potentials (VEP) P100 peak times, macular ganglion cell and inner plexiform layer thickness, and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness at six months. On multiple regression, the most consistent predictors were higher baseline HCVA, which was associated with better outcomes across all measures except VEP conduction time; male sex, which predicted worse outcomes for all measures except HCVA; and older age, which was linked to poorer functional outcomes. Patients who are older, male, and present with worse initial visual function may be at risk for worse clinical outcomes in acute optic neuritis. This knowledge may inform individual patient counselling, facilitate patient selection for time-sensitive and invasive immunomodulatory treatments, and can be used to ensure balanced risk characteristics in clinical neuroprotection trials.

Dynamic simulation of landscape ecological risk in Gansu’s farming-pastoral ecotone based on topographic gradients

The farming-pastoral ecotone in Gansu Province, a crucial green barrier in northwestern China, faces a conflict between economic development and environmental fragility. Scientifically assessing the landscape ecological risks in this region is essential for developing an early warning system for ecological security and ensuring the sustainable management of regional ecosystems. This study systematically analyzes the dynamic evolution patterns and clustering characteristics of landscape ecological risk along the topographic gradient in the area, using Land-Use and Land-Cover Change (LUCC) data from five periods (each period representing 10 years) between 1980 and 2020, as well as Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data. Methods such as CA-Markov and the Topographic Position Index (TPI) were employed to assess these risks. Additionally, the study simulates the spatial distribution patterns of ecological risks in future years. The results reveal that from 1980 to 2020, the area of built-up land in the farming-pastoral ecotone of Gansu Province increased by approximately 82%, with roughly 21% of the expansion occurring at the expense of grasslands and 53% from arable land. Ecological risk in the study area exhibits a spatial distribution pattern characterized by lower risk in the southwest and higher risk in the northeast. Overall, ecological risk initially increased and then decreased. The area of high-risk zones has steadily decreased by approximately 50% since 2010, primarily in regions with low topographic gradients and high human activity. In other areas, high-risk levels are directly proportional to the topographic gradient, showing a high degree of spatial clustering. Consequently, land-use planning should be tailored to local conditions, and a long-term monitoring mechanism should be established. This study provides novel insights into the spatiotemporal changes in landscape ecological risk in ecologically vulnerable areas, focusing on topographic gradients.

Will I virtually try and buy? – exploring the adoption of virtual fitting rooms through the lens of perceived value, risk, and consumer characteristics

ABSTRACT Despite the potential of Virtual Fitting Rooms in overcoming the difficulties of online shopping, online retailers are grappling to expedite their widespread adoption. By integrating the technology acceptance model and perceived risk theory, this study validates a comprehensive framework to examine the impact of perceived value and perceived risk on their adoption. A cross-sectional survey-based research design was adopted using structural equation modelling and process macro. The results reflect that while perceived value positively impacts consumers’ behavioural intention to use VFRs, perceived risk exhibited an inverse relationship with the consumers’ behavioural intention to use VFRs. Also, the results confirm consumers’ behavioural intention to use the VFRs exerted a significant impact on VFRs adoption. Additionally, it was found that while consumer self-confidence moderates the relationship between perceived value, perceived risk and consumer behavioural intention, consumer innovativeness has no moderation effect on the relationship between perceived value, perceived risk and consumer behavioural intention to use VFRs. This study provides novel insights to online retailers and web designers to design appropriate strategies to integrate VFRs into their systems and enhance consumers’shopping experience.

Characteristics, Health Risks, and Source Analysis of Heavy Metal Pollution in Surface Soil in Shanxian County

Soil heavy metal （HM） pollution is a prominent global environmental problem. Understanding the risk characteristics and quantitative analysis of potential sources of soil HM pollution is of great significance for accurate prevention and control, scientific management, and safe utilization of soil resources. In the surface soil of Shanxian County, the contents of eight HMs, such as As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn, were collected and identified in 330 surface soil samples. The HM pollution degree was evaluated using the accumulation index and enrichment index. The carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of HMs were evaluated using the health risk model designated by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment. The sources of HMs in topsoil were analyzed using correlation analysis, principal component analysis, cluster analysis, absolute principal component score-multiple linear regression （APCS-MLR）, and other qualitative and quantitative methods. The results showed that all eight HM elements in the surface soil samples were lower than the background values and the screening values of agricultural land soil pollution risk in Heze City. According to Igeo and EF evaluation, only approximately 5% of Hg samples were slightly polluted, and the other seven HMs were non-polluted or slightly polluted. The carcinogenic risk and non-carcinogenic risk of As for adults and children in surface soil were at tolerable levels, and the carcinogenic risk and non-carcinogenic risk of the other seven HMs for adults and children could be ignored. The main sources of Cd, Cu, Zn, Ni, and As in the surface soil were natural background sources； the main sources of Cr and Hg were agricultural breeding sources and industrial coal sources, respectively； and the main pollution sources of Pb included other unknown sources and natural background sources. The average contribution rates of natural background sources, agricultural breeding sources, industrial coal sources, and other unknown sources were 51.69%, 27.18%, 6.83%, and 14.31%, respectively, indicating that the main sources of heavy metals in the surface soil of Shanxian County were natural background sources, followed by agricultural breeding sources.

Risk factors and characteristics of preoperative heart failure in elderly patients with hip fracture and the influence of anemia on prognosis

BackgroundPatients with preoperative acute heart failure (AHF) after hip fracture in the elderly have a worse prognosis. We aim to investigate the characteristics, risk factors and postoperative complications of elderly patients with hip fracture complicated with preoperative AHF. We also looked at the effect of the severity of anemia at admission on the prognosis of the above people.MethodsA retrospective study of hip fracture patients (aged ≥ 65) admitted to the Department of Geriatric Orthopaedics, Third Hospital, Hebei Medical University, was conducted from January 2018 to October 2020. We used univariate and multivariate logistic regression to assess risk factors for preoperative AHF. The Kaplan–Meier survival curve shows the relationship between the severity of anemia on admission and all-cause mortality in elderly hip fracture patients with preoperative AHF.ResultsOut of the 1092 patients, 503 had preoperative AHF and the incidence of it in hip fracture patients was 46.1%. Age, coronary artery disease, chronic atrial fibrillation, Age-Adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index (ACCI), admission anemia, admission albumin < 40 g/dl, and admission C-reactive protein (CRP) were all significantly different between those with AHF and those without. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age ≥ 80 years (OR 1.740, 95% CI 1.309–2.313), coronary artery disease (OR 1.417, 95% CI 1.017–1.975), chronic atrial fibrillation (OR 4.010, 95% CI 1.757–9.152), admission anemia (OR 1.433, 95% CI 1.051–1.953) are the independent risk factors for preoperative AHF in elderly patients with hip fracture (p < 0.05). The HF group exhibited a higher incidence of postoperative complications, such as anemia, arrhythmia, NOAF (new‐onset atrial fibrillation), AIS (acute ischemic stroke), electrolyte disturbance and hypoproteinemia. The moderate-to-severe anemia group had a higher incidence of postoperative complications, including deep vein thrombosis of the lower limbs, NOAF, and hypoproteinemia, as well as all-cause mortality.ConclusionOlder patients combined with admission anemia, coronary artery disease, chronic atrial fibrillation are more likely to have preoperative AHF after hip fracture. For such patients, early and effective identification and strengthening perioperative management can avoid the occurrence of adverse events. For patients with moderate and severe anemia at admission, timely intervention is recommended to reduce postoperative complications and mortality.

Psychological profiles associated with mental, cognitive and brain health in middle-aged and older adults

Psychological characteristics are associated with varying dementia risk and protective factors. To determine whether these characteristics aggregate into psychological profiles and whether these profiles differentially relate to aging health, we conducted a cross-sectional investigation in two independent middle-aged (51.4 ± 7.0 years (mean ± s.d.); N = 750) and older adult (71.1 ± 5.9 years; N = 282) cohorts, supplemented by longitudinal analyses in the former. Using a person-centered approach, three profiles emerged in both cohorts: those with low protective characteristics (profile 1), high risk characteristics (profile 2) and well-balanced characteristics (profile 3). Profile 1 showed the worst objective cognition in older age and middle age (at follow-up), and most rapid cortical thinning. Profile 2 exhibited the worst mental health symptomology and lowest sleep quality in both older age and middle age. We identified profile-dependent divergent patterns of associations that may suggest two distinct paths for mental, cognitive and brain health, emphasizing the need for comprehensive psychological assessments in dementia prevention research to identify groups for more personalized behavior-change strategies.

The Influence of Overconfidence on Investment Decision: A Study of Investor Behavior in Indonesia

Overconfidence is one of the most common investment biases exhibited by investors. The bias-transaction activity will cause unfair trading.The influence of various factors on overconfidence is examine. This research presents a novel perspective by suggesting a relationship between risk characteristics and social media. Data were collected from 165 Indonesian Stock Exchange investors in December 2023, using the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method. The results show: firstly; the overconfidencelevel among investorsismoderate. Social media moderately influence investors, who generally exhibit a risk-neutral character. Secondly, no associations between gender and selected demographic factorswerefounded. In this case, male and female genders are the same for education, generation, risk characteristics, and investment strategy factors. Thirdly, an association between genes and risk characteristics. Fourthly, by OLS regression, only strategy factor influencesoverconfidence, but in the reverse direction. These results show that investors with technical strategies are more overconfident.

Analysis and Prevention of Financial Risks of Real Estate Enterprises in China

As an important pillar industry of the national economy, the real estate industry has the characteristics of high investment, high return and high risk. In the process of rapid economic development in China, the real estate industry has developed rapidly and become one of the main driving forces of economic growth. However, while pursuing high profits, real estate enterprises are also facing huge financial risks, which are directly related to the survival and development of enterprises. As a leading real estate enterprise in China, Vanke Group's financial situation and risk management strategy have attracted much attention. In recent years, with the constant changes in the macro-control policies of the national real estate industry, the financial risk problem of Vanke Group has become increasingly prominent. This paper aims to analyze the financial risks of Vanke Group and discuss how real estate enterprises can effectively identify, evaluate and prevent financial risks in the complex and changeable economic environment.

Research on Tax Risk Management of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises based on Internal Control Perspective

With the continuous development of China's domestic market economy with the reform and opening up, it has formed a diversified pattern, and the main body of the market has been continuously enriched, among which, the number of small and medium-sized enterprises has increased significantly, which has played a major role in China's social progress and economic growth, and has become one of the main components of the national economy. In recent years, the reform and development of the Party and the state has always placed small and medium-sized enterprises in an important position, and the state has successively introduced various tax and fee reduction policies.However, with the rapid development of small and medium-sized enterprises, they are limited by the quality of personnel, tax awareness and other problems, tax risks are becoming more and more prominent.With the continuous optimization of China's tax system, the implementation of the fourth phase of the Golden Tax, and the wide application of big data technology, the digitalization and accuracy of tax supervision have been enhanced.Therefore, changes in the external regulatory environment make it particularly important for smes to enhance their awareness of tax risks and to prevent tax risks according to their actual conditions.And how to implement internal control is an effective means to prevent tax risks. By comprehensive use of literature induction, sample investigation and other research methods, this paper studies and analyzes the tax risks of small and medium-sized enterprises, combines the operation and management characteristics of small and medium-sized enterprises, and analyzes and summarizes the tax risk characteristics of small and medium-sized enterprises according to the framework of five elements of internal control (internal control, risk assessment, control activities, information and communication, supervision). It is also used to guide the framework of tax risk control and management optimization of small and medium-sized enterprises, and gives targeted tax risk prevention schemes for enterprises' reference.

HSP90 Family Members, Their Regulators and Ischemic Stroke Risk: A Comprehensive Molecular-Genetics and Bioinformatics Analysis.

Disruptions in proteostasis are recognized as key drivers in cerebro- and cardiovascular disease progression. Heat shock proteins (HSPs), essential for maintaining protein stability and cellular homeostasis, are pivotal in neuroperotection. Consequently, deepening the understanding the role of HSPs in ischemic stroke (IS) risk is crucial for identifying novel therapeutic targets and advancing neuroprotective strategies. Our objective was to examine the potential correlation between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes that encode members of the Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), small heat shock proteins (HSPB), and heat shock factors (HSF) families, and the risk and clinical characteristics of IS. 953 IS patients and 1265 controls from Central Russia were genotyped for nine SNPs in genes encoding HSP90AA1, HSFs, and HSPBs using the MassArray-4 system and probe-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In smokers, SNP rs1133026 HSPB8 increased the risk of IS (risk allele A, odds ratio (OR) = 1.43, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.02-2.02, p = 0.035), and rs556439 HSF2 increased the brain infarct size (risk allele A, p = 0.02). In non-smokers, SNPs rs4279640 HSF1 (protective allele T, OR = 0.58, 95% CI 0.37-0.92, p = 0.02) and rs4264324 HSP90AA1 (protective allele C, OR = 0.11, 95% CI 0.01-0.78, p = 0.001) lowered the risk of recurrent stroke; SNP rs7303637 HSPB8 increased the age of onset of IS (protective allele T, p = 0.04). In patients with body mass index (BMI) ≥25, SNPs rs556439 HSF2 (risk allele A, OR = 1.33, 95% CI 1.04-1.69, p = 0.02) and rs549302 HSF2 (risk allele G, OR = 1.34, 95% CI 1.02-1.75, p = 0.03) were linked to a higher risk of IS. The primary molecular mechanisms through which the studied SNPs contribute to IS pathogenesis were found to be the regulation of cell death, inflammatory and oxidative stress responses.

Research on Financial Technology Risk Management and Control in the Context of the Big Data Era

With the rapid development of internet technology in China, the big data era has gradually emerged, bringing new opportunities and challenges to various fields. In recent years, technologies such as cloud computing, artificial intelligence, and computer technology have been applied across industries. In the financial sector, artificial intelligence and cloud computing have spurred the growth of the fintech industry, marking a significant transformation advantage for the traditional financial industry. However, during the development of the fintech industry, characteristics such as fast dissemination, strong concealment, and difficulty in regulation have introduced certain risks. Various issues, including data security, regulatory challenges, and dissemination speed, have surfaced, severely impacting the healthy development of the financial industry. This paper explores the basic connotations, risk characteristics, and control measures of fintech in the context of the big data era, providing a reference for the sustainable development of China's financial industry.

Analyzing Investment Strategies and Risk Management for US Tech Stocks

As the significance of tech stocks in the global market continues to rise, understanding their investment strategies and risk management becomes crucial. This paper explores investment strategies and risk management methods for US tech stocks, providing theoretical support and practical guidance for investors. We analyze three representative tech stocks: Powell Industries (POWL), NVIDIA (NVDA), and Vertiv Holdings Co (VRT), comparing their market performance and risk characteristics using various financial metrics. Our findings highlight that momentum investment strategies, particularly for high-growth stocks like NVIDIA, can yield substantial short-term returns, though they carry reversal risks. The study highlights the importance of individual stock selection and market sentiment on portfolio returns, as most market gains are driven by a small number of outperforming stocks. Effective risk management is critical, with a focus on idiosyncratic and liquidity risks, and hedge funds play an important role in dynamically adjusting strategies to maximize returns and control risks. Our study concludes that investors should balance growth potential with risk management, using a diversified portfolio and financial health indicators to effectively cope with the high volatility of technology stocks.