Adolescent Risk Behaviors Research Articles

PEMBERDAYAAN REMAJA DALAM OPTIMALISASI PENINGKATAN PENGETAHUAN TENTANG KESEHATAN REPRODUKSI REMAJA MELALUI PROGRAM KELOMPOK REMAJA DI DUSUN BALANGGAR PAKONG PAMEKASAN

Lack of knowledge, nature and risk behavior in adolescents that have an impact on adolescent reproductive health status requires the availability of adolescent care health services that can meet adolescent health needs, especially services for adolescent-friendly reproductive health. The target of this community service activity is the group of teenagers in the Hamlet of Bajuang Pakong, Pamekasan, who are teenagers. The purpose of this activity is to increase the knowledge and understanding of adolescents about reproductive health and to empower adolescents through the Youth group program as a forum for adolescents to increase knowledge about reproductive health. This group of teenagers shared with other teenagers during women's activities, then these teenagers made applications on social media as a means to provide information to make it easier to provide information to other peers. With the Youth group program, students are enthusiastic about seeking health information for adolescents and find it useful to have this youth group program.

Inconsistencies in Adolescent Self-Reported Sexual Behavior: Experience from Four Randomized Controlled Trials.

To examine the degree, correlates, and implications of inconsistent self-report data on sexual risk behaviors of adolescents. We analyzed data from four longitudinal group-randomized controlled trials of evidence-based HIV/STI/pregnancy prevention programs in Texas and California from 2000 to 2010. Across- and within-time logical inconsistencies in sexual behavior survey responses were analyzed using multilevel logistic regression. Rates of any inconsistencies ranged from 12 to 18% across the four trials. In all trials, rates were higher in males than in females. Age, normative beliefs, and race/ethnicity were most strongly associated with inconsistencies. We found substantial rates of inconsistencies in adolescents' self-reports of their sexual behavior, which did not occur at random. Studies should routinely report observed rates of inconsistencies and methods used to adjust for them so that any biases in the population to which the study generalizes are understood by public health practitioners and policy-makers looking to adopt programs for their particular population.

Addiction Among Adolescents to Social Networking Sites in Malaysia: A Hierarchical Multiple Linear Regression Analysis

Background: Social networking sites (SNSs) have changed the ways that we interact with each other. The use of social networking sites by adolescents is addictive, with numerous negative consequences. Various factors influence social networking sites addiction among adolescents. Objective: We aimed to determine the prevalence of gender-specific social networking sites addiction among adolescents and the factors influence social networking sites addiction. Methods: A quantitative, cross-sectional community-based research was conducted by face-to-face interviews among adolescents in all 11 administrative divisions of Sarawak, Malaysia. The multistage cluster sampling technique was followed, with an adolescent selected systematically from each household. An adapted and validated questionnaire, which included 20 items of social networking sites addiction, was used to collect data. We analysed 1344 adolescent’s data using IBM SPSS Version 22.0. A partial least square structural path with mediation analysis was done using WarpPLS version 7.0. Results: Three-quarters of the adolescents (76.2%) used social networking sites, but only two-fifths of them (40.4%) were addicted, with 15% having moderate-severe addiction to social networking sites. The most frequently used social networking sites was YouTube (77.9%), followed by Facebook (75.2%) and Instagram (59.0%). Self-esteem had a negative correlation, while adolescent risk behaviours directly affected social networking sites addiction (p<0.001). The most potent predictors for social networking sites addiction were YouTube, Instagram, and Pinterest (p<0.05). Conclusion: Tackling risk behaviours and enhancing adolescents’ self-esteem would reduce the tendency to be addicted to social networking sites. Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2022; 48(1): 10-20

Predicting cigarette use initiation and dependence in adolescence using an affect-driven exploration model.

Adolescent decisions, especially in novel contexts, are often guided by affective evaluations (i.e., feelings associated with a stimulus) rather than knowledge of the risks and probabilities of different outcomes. In this study, we used the affect-driven exploration (ADE) model to illustrate how affective evaluations can play a critical role in driving early use of cigarettes, as well as the adaptive function of the resulting experiential learning in informing future affect and cigarette use. We analyzed five waves of data collected from a large, diverse community sample of adolescents who were followed from early to late adolescence (N = 386; 50.9% female; Baseline age = 11.41 ± 0.88 years) during years 2004–2010 to model trajectories of positive affect and risk perceptions (associated with cigarette use) and examined the associations of these trajectories with their self-reported cigarette use and dependence symptoms. Consistent with the ADE model, early initiators reported higher levels of positive affect at baseline, which we argue may have led them to try cigarettes. Notably, most early initiators reported a decline in positive affect over time, suggesting an experience-based shift in affective evaluations associated with cigarette use. Risk perceptions associated with cigarette use did not emerge as a significant predictor of cigarette use or subsequent dependence. Therefore, for deterring adolescent cigarette use, efforts to influence affect (through graphic warning labels and other media) may be more effective than directly influencing risk perceptions. Despite the affective basis for initiating cigarette use, few adolescents engaged in early use (N = 20) or developed symptoms of dependence (N = 25). Majority of those who engaged in early cigarette use showed a decline in positive affect, with corresponding increase in risk perceptions over time. Some early users may indeed continue to engage in cigarette use, but this is likely driven by the addictive properties of the drug. Overall these findings challenge the popular stereotype of impulsive and emotionally reactive behaviors during adolescence, and suggest a more nuanced interpretation of adolescent risk behavior.

O5-3 Behavioural risk patterns among overweight and obese adolescents participating in the PRALIMAP-INES trial

BackgroundIt has been suggested that risk behaviours including diet, physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviour (SB), smoking and alcohol consumption cluster among adolescents. Our objective was to investigate clustering of risk behaviours in overweight and obese adolescents from the French PRALIMAP-InèS trial and to identify their socioeconomic correlates.MethodsInformation on diet (fruit, vegetables, sugary products and beverages), PA, SB (week and week-end days), smoking and alcohol consumption (current frequency and intoxication episodes) and socio-demographical data were collected using self-reported questionnaires at the trial inclusion. Behavioural risk factors were entered as categorical variables in a two-step clustering procedure: multiple correspondence analyses followed by a two-way clustering procedure based on hierarchical methods. Associations between cluster membership and socio-economic variables were investigated using multivariable multinomial logistic regression.ResultsA total of 1391 participants were included in analyses and four clusters were identified: (1) “Moderate to high PA, low soft drinkers, low alcohol consumers low SB, non-smokers” (n = 543; 39.0%), (2) “High SB and low fruits and vegetables consumers” (n = 376; 26.8%), (3) “Smokers and alcohol consumers” (n = 247; 17.7%) and (4) “High fruits and vegetable consumers, soft drinkers and low PA” (n = 229; 16.5%). Compared to the healthiest cluster (cluster 1), adolescents from cluster 2&3 (unhealthy clusters) were more likely boys, older, attending vocational high school and not living with their two parents. Adolescents from cluster 4 were more socially advantaged (according to the WHO family affluence scale) than those of cluster 1.ConclusionsRisk behaviour patterns in adolescents were shown to be clustered in both healthier and less healthy ways, with a complex interplay with socio-economic factors. Adapted to cluster Public health interventions may bring some benefits.

Influence factors associated with health risk behaviors of middle school students in the poverty area of China: An observational study.

We aim to investigate the status and influence factors of health risk behaviors among middle school students and explore the relationship between social support, family care, and the health risk behaviors.The study was conducted in 3 middle schools in the Fan county located in the Puyang city. Independent measures were applied to assess adolescent health risk behaviors, perceive social support, and family care. Multiple regression analysis was used to analyze the main factors that affect adolescent health risk behaviors.The total scores of health risk behaviors were 53.87 ± 9.97, and all kinds of health risk behaviors were very common. The highest score was health-compromising (2.45 ± 0.43), and the lowest score was unprotected sex behaviors (1.07 ± 0.28). Multiple regression analysis showed that sex (P < .001), grade (P < .001), parent relationships (P < .001), father’s occupation (P = .035), mother’s education level (P = .011), social support (P < .001), affection (P < .001), and growth (P = .003) were the main factors of health risk behaviors, accounting for 25.3%.The health risk behaviors among middle school students in Fan county should attract the attention of education administration, schools, and parent due to the varied influencing factors. Related interventions should be conducted to reduce the severity and frequency of adolescent health risk behaviors and protect the health and growth of adolescents. In order to better analyze the health risk behaviors of middle school students, we will incorporate more influencing factors and carry out further causal analysis in the future.

Risk behavior of schoolchildren: forms, etiology and consequences

The purpose of the article is to present the forms, consequences and etiology of the risky behavior of modern schoolchildren. Methods and objects of research: Defining the concept of risky behavior, the author, analyzing the data of academic primary sources, using technologies of content, contextual, associative and heuristic information analysis, indicates, that the most adequate information about the rating and nature of the social danger of risky behaviors is provided by primary sources that empirically study epidemiological data in the social stratum schoolchildren. The most represented are sociological, personological, therapeutic (clinical), diagnostic, phenomenological areas of research. Presenting the rating of risky forms of behavior of schoolchildren according to the criterion of the scale of epidemiology, the author describes their etiology and possible consequences. Results of research: The material of the article shows that the different nature of the forms of risky behavior of adolescents encourage researchers to take different methodological and methodological positions. This methodological isolation and the subject narrowness associated with it do not yet allow creating a universal tool for diagnosing all the considered forms of adolescent risk behavior.

Self-efficacy and parental commitment to prevent health risk behavior among adolescents in East Java

The critical period for developing risky behaviours and lifestyle occurs during adolescence. Self-efficacy and parental commitment are factors in shaping prevention of risk behaviour in adolescents. The purpose of this study was to analyse the relationship between self-efficacy and parental commitment in preventing health risk behaviour among adolescents. The research design used a cross sectional approach to correlation study. The study population was parents of adolescents who attended high school in East Java. The sample size was 704 parents. The research instruments were CAQ-8 and self-efficacy questionnaires adopted from The Self-Efficacy for Exercise (SEE) scale. The online questionnaires were distributed via social media. The data were analysed using the Spearman Rank Correlation statistical test with a significance level of α = 0.05. It was found that there was a significant relationship between parental self-efficacy and commitment to prevent health risk behaviour among adolescents ( p ≤ 0.001; r = 0.174). The higher the level of parental confidence, the higher the commitment they have to prevent health risk behaviour in adolescents.

Adolescent Sibling Associations among Alcohol, Cannabis, and Sexual Risk Behavior: A Test of Interdependence

Background Although siblings are conceptualized as a salient social influence during adolescence, few studies have examined how adolescent siblings influence each other’s substance use and risky sexual behavior. Objectives: In this study, we investigated the influence of alcohol use days, cannabis use days, and cannabis and alcohol co-use days on the sexual risk behavior of siblings while accounting for dyadic influence. Methods At the baseline visit for a randomized controlled trial for adolescents referred due to parents’ concerns about their substance use (“referred adolescents”; n = 99; Mage=15.95; 38.38% female), we assessed alcohol and cannabis use days as well as sexual risk behavior of the referred adolescents and their sibling (Mage=15.03; 51.52% female). We computed the number of days in the 30 days prior to the baseline that alcohol and cannabis use occurred on the same day. Using a cross-sectional actor partner interdependence model, we tested two models of how adolescents’ substance use is associated with their own (“actor effect”) and their siblings’ (“partner effect”) sexual risk behavior—one model for alcohol and cannabis use, and one model for daily co-use. Results For referred adolescents and their siblings, within an individual, greater alcohol, cannabis, and daily co-use was significantly associated with sexual risk behavior (actor effects). Furthermore, more sibling co-use days was positively associated with referred adolescent sexual risk behavior (partner effect), representing interdependence. Conclusion These findings confirm the influence siblings have on one another’s risky behavior in adolescence and have implications for prevention and intervention efforts for adolescent substance use.

Health Risk Behavior of Adolescents with Sickle Cell Disease in Nigeria

Background: The advances in medical practice have increased the average life expectancy of people living with sickle cell disease (SCD) to 54 years. The high prevalence rates of SCD in Nigeria therefore highlights the need for research that will support overall disease management. Objective: To determine the health risk behavior (HRB) of adolescents with sickle cell disease in Nigeria. Materials and methods: In a cross-sectional descriptive survey using purposive sampling method, 122 adolescents with SCD attending sickle cell clubs in Ogun State, Nigeria were selected for the study. A 58-item questionnaire adapted from the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) instrument developed by Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) was used to collect data from the adolescents. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 15.7 ± 2.3 years, there were more females (58.2%) than males (41.2%). Majority were from a monogamous family setting and average to large family size (≥3siblings) (63% and 76% respectively) and only 6% of the parents had no formal education. The mean ages at first sexual intercourse, cigarette smoking and alcohol use were 16 ± 5.7, 15.7 ± 0.7, and 14.9 ± 1.9 years respectively. One-fifth (21.3%) have had sex and half (50%) of them have had sex by the age of 17. Over one-tenth (13.9%) had smoked cigarette while 14.8% had taken alcohol. Adolescents from monogamous family background were more likely to be involved in substance abuse (χ2: 4.99; P=0.008) and exposed to sexual activities (χ2: 10.9; P=0.004) than those from polygamous or single parent family. Conclusion: It was concluded that adolescents with SCD are involved in HRB and may be dependent on family characteristics. It is recommended that regular health care of chronically ill adolescents should include screening and counselling for HRBs.

Spirituality as Protective Factor of Health Risk Behaviors among Adolescents

Health behaviours are the behaviours that are practised by people for the enhancement and maintenance of their health. These behaviours are common in all age groups, but adolescence, as the most vulnerable age, has a higher proclivity to engage in risky behavior. Among the protective factors, increasing research in the area documents that spirituality and spiritual practises serve as the protective agent for health-risk behaviors. The present study makes an attempt to explore spirituality as a protective factor against health-risk behaviours among adolescents. The study aims to see the relationship between the two facets of spirituality, namely, spiritual intelligence and spiritual personality, with respect to health risk behaviours among adolescents. The sample comprised of 600 adolescents from various colleges and universities in the state of Haryana, India. The Spiritual Intelligence Self-Report Inventory (SISRI) by King (2008), the Spiritual Personality Inventory by Husain et al. (2012), and the Revised Health Risk Behavior Inventory by Irish (2012) were used. The descriptive statistics and Pearson’s product moment coefficient of correlation were applied to explore the relationship among the variables, and simple linear correlation was applied to look for the effect size of the variables. The study’s findings show a significant negative correlation between spirituality and health risk behavior, and spiritual intelligence and spiritual personality both appear to be significant protective factors against health risk behaviours in adolescents. The findings suggest the cultivation and nurturance of spiritual beliefs and spiritual practises in individuals right from the early age of life span for the prevention of health risk behaviours during adolescence.

Test-Retest Reliability of Self-Reported Substance Use and Sexual Risk Behavior Among at-Risk Adolescents.

Adolescents often engage in behaviors such as substance use and risky sexual activity that can lead to negative health and psychological consequences for themselves and others. Accurate measurement of these behaviors in surveys is challenging given that the behaviors are often viewed as undesirable and/or are illegal, so it is important to test the psychometric properties of instruments used to assess adolescent risk behaviors. The current study aimed to assess the test-retest reliability of a widely used measure of youth risk-taking behavior, the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS). A sample of 156 at-risk adolescents aged 16-18years (81% male; 61% White) completed the YRBS retrospectively across intervals ranging from 3 to 12days during their stay in a residential program at which they were under close supervision and had limited ability to engage in new risk behaviors. Participants were asked to complete the YRBS based on their "typical" (pre-program) behavior at both administrations, which were 10-14weeks into their stay. The reliability of responses was assessed using kappa and weighted kappa analyses. Findings indicate moderate to substantial reliability for nearly all items, suggesting that at-risk youth reliably reported their engagement in health risk behaviors across multiple administrations and supporting the psychometric strength of the YRBS measure for use with this population.

Individual-, family- and school-based interventions to prevent multiple risk behaviours relating to alcohol, tobacco and drug use in young people aged 8-25 years: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundEngagement in multiple substance use risk behaviours such as tobacco smoking, alcohol and drug use during adolescence can result in adverse health and social outcomes. The impact of interventions that address multiple substance use risk behaviours, and the differential impact of universal versus targeted approaches, is unclear given findings from systematic reviews have been mixed. Our objective was to assess effects of interventions targeting multiple substance use behaviours in adolescents.MethodsEight databases were searched to October 2019. Individual and cluster randomised controlled trials were included if they addressed two or more substance use behaviours in individuals aged 8-25 years. Data were pooled in random-effects meta-analyses, reported by intervention and setting. Quality of evidence was assessed using GRADE. Heterogeneity was assessed using between-study variance, τ2 and Ι2, and the p-value of between-study heterogeneity statistic Q. Sensitivity analyses were undertaken using the highest and lowest intra-cluster correlation coefficient (ICC).ResultsOf 66 included studies, most were universal (n=52) and school-based (n=41). We found moderate quality evidence that universal school-based interventions are likely to have little or no short-term benefit (up to 12 months) in relation to alcohol use (OR 0.94, 95% CI: 0.84, 1.04), tobacco use (OR 0.98, 95% CI: 0.83, 1.15), cannabis use (OR 1.06, 95% CI: 0.86, 1.31) and other illicit drug use (OR 1.09, 95% CI: 0.85, 1.39). For targeted school-level interventions, there was low quality evidence of no or a small short-term benefit: alcohol use (OR 0.90, 95% CI: 0.74-1.09), tobacco use (OR 0.86, 95% CI: 0.66, 1.11), cannabis use (OR 0.84, 95% CI: 0.66-1.07) and other illicit drug use (OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.62-1.02). There were too few family-level (n=4), individual-level (n=2) and combination level (n=5) studies to draw confident conclusions. Sensitivity analyses of ICC did not change results.ConclusionsThere is low to moderate quality evidence that universal and targeted school-level interventions have no or a small beneficial effect for preventing substance use multiple risk behaviours in adolescents. Higher quality trials and study reporting would allow better evidence syntheses, which is needed given small benefit of universal interventions can have high public health benefit.Trial registrationCochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2014, Issue 11. Art. No.: CD011374. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD011374.

Perception of school climate, academic performance and risk behaviors in adolescence.

Previous studies support the relevance of students' perception of positive and negative school climate to learning processes and adolescents' adjustment. School climate is affected by both the interactions that are established within the classroom, and by the teachers' behaviors. This study has the overall objective of investigating the relationship between the perception of positive and negative school climate and students' (mal)adjustment during adolescence. Participants were 105 Italian adolescents (52.5% boys, mean age = 15.56, SD = .77) who responded for 15 consecutive days (ecological momentary assessment) to questions related to their perception of positive and negative school climate (Time 1). After one year (Time 2), students' academic performance reported by mothers and fathers and adolescents' self-reported propensity to engage in risk behaviors were examined. Four hierarchical regression models were implemented considering the mean and the instability levels (RMSSD) of the perception of positive and negative school climate as independent variables and, respectively, academic performance and risk behaviors as dependent variables. Results suggest that a higher perception of positive school climate and its instability predict higher academic performance one year later, while a higher perception of negative school climate and its instability predict higher risk behaviors. This study provides an innovative perspective to reflect on the relationship between students' perceptions of school climate and adolescents' (mal)adjustment.

Adolescent risk behaviours and family settings in Bulgaria: An evidence-based approach to effective family support policies.

BackgroundThe paper focuses on Bulgarian adolescents’ behaviours that put their health at risk and their relationship to family-related characteristics: structure of family and material status, family support, communication with parents, parental monitoring and school-related parental support. It also discusses intervention programs with a focus on parent support gradient.Material and methodsThe analysis is based on the Bulgarian sample of Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children survey, the 2018 round. Logistic regression models of current cigarette smoking, regular alcohol consumption, sexual debut and current cannabis use are applied. Main national programs on adolescent health and the parental involvement component in them are also discussed.ResultsThe statistical analyses reveal significant gender and age differences in Bulgarian adolescents’ health risk behaviours. Girls have significantly higher odds of smoking and are less likely to report an early start of sexual life. Odds of cigarette smoking and regular alcohol consumption increase with age. Children living with one parent have significantly higher odds of smoking, regular alcohol consumption and current cannabis use. Interactions between FAS and family support reveal that students who report low family support, regardless of the material status of the family, have significantly higher odds of health risk behaviours.ConclusionThe main contribution of the analysis reveals the alleviating effect of family support on socio-economic inequalities between families. An evidence-based approach delineating a preventive potential of family support on Bulgarian adolescents’ health risk behaviours despite the level of family affluence provides solid arguments for increasing national family support programs.

Autism, autistic traits and multiple risk behaviours in adolescence: a longitudinal birth cohort study.

Multiple risk behaviours (MRBs), typically beginning in adolescence, are associated with increased risk of adverse health and social outcomes. The association between autism and MRBs is little understood. Data were from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, an UK-based longitudinal, birth cohort study. Exposures were diagnosed autism and four autistic traits: social communication difficulties, pragmatic language, repetitive behaviours and reduced sociability. Outcomes were participation in up to 14 risk behaviours, including alcohol consumption, smoking, risky sexual behaviours and physical inactivity. Outcome data were collected at ages approximately 12, 14, 16 and 18. Up to 4300 participants were included in latent basis growth curve analyses with adjustment for confounders. Social communication difficulties were associated with an above average level of MRBs engagement at ~12 years (mean difference β 0.26; 95% CI 0.13-0.40), and above average rate of engagement from ages ~12-18 (β 0.08; 95% CI 0.02-0.13). Repetitive behaviours were associated with above average levels of engagement in MRBs at ~12 years (β 0.24; 95% CI 0.09-0.38). Contrastingly, reduced sociability was associated with a reduced rate of engagement in MRBs from ages ~12-18 (β -0.06; 95% CI -0.11 to -0.02). In sex-specific analyses, persisting differences in MRB engagement patterns from ages ~12-18 were observed in males with social communication difficulties and females with reduced sociability temperament. Having elevated levels of some autistic traits appear to have differentiated effects on MRB engagement patterns. These findings could reflect difficulties fitting in and/or coping mechanisms relating to difficulties with fitting in.

Social Support Reduces the Risk of Unfavorable Parenting Styles for Suicidal Behaviors in Early Adolescents

Objective Depression and perceived stress are important risk factors for suicidal behaviors among adolescents. The current study examined the joint effects of parenting styles on suicidal ideation (SI) and attempt (SA) in early adolescents while considering relevant individual factors, and evaluated whether social support can offset the risk. Methods The present study was part of a large cohort study aiming at tracing the mental health and risk behaviors in adolescents, and we utilized baseline data collected from 645 4th grade students with complete assessment of suicidal behaviors, social support, parental bonding, depression, and perceived stress. Participants’ mean age was 9.97 years (SD = 0.38) with 53.02% boys. Logistic regression was performed to analyze the associations between independent variables and youth suicidal behaviors. Results 16.28% students reported to have SI and 4.96% had SA. Depression (SI: OR = 3.66-3.89; SA: OR = 3.98–4.50), father’s low care and high authoritarian (LCHA) (SI: OR = 3.04; SA: OR = 2.43), and low acceptance and high authoritarian (LAHA) (SI: OR = 3.58; SA: OR = 4.77) parenting styles were strong risk factors, while overall social support (SI: OR = 0.98; SA: OR = 0.97) was a protective factor of SI and SA for early adolescents. Perceived stress (OR = 1.07–1.08) and mother’s LCHA parenting style (OR = 2.03) were risk factors of SI. Overall, a family with LCHA parenting (OR = 2.82) or LAHA parenting (OR = 3.35–3.72) regardless parental gender had increased risk for SI and SA. Conclusion Family and social factors are important to consider in suicidal prevention and interventions among early adolescents, in addition to assessing individual risk factors. Highlights Suicidal ideations (16.28%) and attempts (4.96%) were prevalent in early adolescents at elementary schools. Depression status remains a significant risk factor for both SI and SA in early adolescents. Unfavorable parenting styles (LCHA or LAHA) increased the risk of SI and SA, especially received from father. Overall social support had independent protective effect on suicidal behaviors, when taking aforementioned individual and family risk factors into account.

Area-level deprivation and adverse childhood experiences among high school students in Maryland

BackgroundNearly one-half of Americans have been exposed to at least one adverse childhood experience (ACE) before turning 18, contributing to a broad array of problems spanning physical health, mental and behavioral health, and psychosocial functioning.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional, survey research study, using 2018 data from a state adolescent health surveillance system, i.e., Maryland Youth Risk Behavior Survey/Youth Tobacco Survey. The population-based sample of Maryland high school students (n = 41,091) is representative at the state and county levels. The outcome variables included five binary measures of ACEs (i.e., food insecurity, parental substance use/gambling, parental mental illness, family member in jail/prison, and caregiver verbal abuse), and number of ACEs. The main exposure variable, area-level socioeconomic disadvantage, was assessed at the county level using a continuous measure of the area deprivation index (ADI). Additional covariates included: rural county status, age, race/ethnicity, sex, and sexual or gender minority (SGM) status. We used mixed-effect multivariate logistic regression to estimate the odds of ACEs in association with socioeconomic deprivation. Models were adjusted for all covariates.ResultsCounty-level ADI was associated with 3 of the 5 ACES [i.e., food insecurity (OR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.07–1.13), parental substance use/gambling (OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.02–1.07), and incarceration of a family member (OR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.09–1.19)]; and with having at least one ACE (i.e., OR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.05–1.10). Odds of reporting at least one ACE were higher among girls, older adolescents (i.e., aged 16 and ≥ 17 relative to those aged ≤ 14 years), and among SGM, Black, and Latinx students (all ORs > 1.20).ConclusionsACEs greatly increase risk for adolescent risk behaviors. We observed an increased likelihood of adversity among youth in more deprived counties and among Black, Latinx, or SGM youth, suggesting that social and structural factors play a role in determining the adversity that youth face. Therefore, efforts to address structural factors (e.g., food access, family financial support, imprisonment as a sanction for criminal behavior) could be a critical strategy for primary prevention of ACEs and promoting adolescent health.

Electronic Versus Paper and Pencil Survey Administration Mode Comparison: 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Survey.

Since the inception of the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System in 1991, all surveys have been conducted in schools, using paper and pencil instruments (PAPI). For the 2019 YRBSS, sites were offered the opportunity to conduct their surveys using electronic data collection. This study aimed to determine whether differences in select metrics existed between students who completed the survey electronically versus using PAPI. Thirty risk behaviors were examined in this study. Data completeness, response rates and bivariate comparisons of risk behavior prevalence between administration modes were examined. Twenty-nine of 30 questions examined had more complete responses among students using electronic surveys. Small differences were found for student and school response rates between modes. Twenty-five of 30 adolescent risk behaviors showed no mode effect. Seven of 44 states and DC participated electronically. Because survey data were more complete; school and student response rates were consistent; and minor differences existed in risk behaviors between modes, the acceptability of collecting data electronically was demonstrated.

Application of Artificial Intelligence in the Intervention of Sports on Adolescent Health Risk Behavior.

Through school education to intervene in the behavior of adolescent health risk behaviors students and guide students to have a correct concept of quality and health, this paper uses artificial intelligence technology to mine students' body language to analyze students' behavior in quality education dance classes, so as to achieve effective intervention for AHRB students. Before the experimental study, AHRB students and normal students were mixed into groups in a ratio of not less than 1 : 18. The results of the study showed that the implementation of intervention strategies could reduce the recurrence of various risky behaviors in adolescents. When non-AHRB students and AHRB students intervene together, there will be no adverse effects on non-AHRB students.