Rise In Incidence Research Articles

Trends in incidence and survival in anal adenocarcinoma: A SEER study of racial and age disparities.

1 Background: Anal adenocarcinoma, a rare but increasingly diagnosed malignancy, has demonstrated rising incidence rates, warranting a deeper analysis of its epidemiology and outcomes across demographic factors like race and age. Methods: A retrospective analysis of data from SEER database (2000-2020) was conducted. Incidence rates per 100,000 individuals and 5-year survival outcomes were compared across racial groups (White, Black, Asian, Hispanic) and age categories (≤50 years, 51-70 years, >70 years). Additionally, trends were analyzed across two decades: 2000-2010 and 2010-2020. This study investigates epidemiological trends of anal adenocarcinoma, focusing on variations in incidence and survival outcomes by race and age, with specific comparisons between the periods 2000-2010 and 2010-2020. Results: Incidence of anal adenocarcinoma increased from 0.7 per 100,000 in 2000 to 1.6 per 100,000 in 2020. From 2000 to 2010, incidence increased rose 0.7 to 1.0 per 100,000, and from 2010 to 2020, it rose from 1.0 to 1.6 per 100,000. Rates were highest among Black individuals, increasing from 1.5 per 100,000 (2000-2010) to 2.3 (2010-2020), followed by White (1.2 to 1.5), Hispanic (0.8 to 1.0), and Asian populations (0.3 to 0.5). Age-related outcomes showed that in 2000-2010, patients aged ≤50 years had a 5-year survival rate of 75% versus 55% in age 51-70 versus 35% for >70 years. In 2010-2020, these rates dropped to 70%, 50%, and 30% in respective age groups. Racial disparities in survival were evident: Black patients had a 5-year survival rate of 40% (2000-2010) and 35% (2010-2020), significantly lower than White patients, who had rates of 65% (2000-2010) and 60% (2010-2020). Conclusions: The incidence of anal adenocarcinoma has steadily increased from 2000 to 2020, particularly among the Black population, while survival rates have declined. Additionally, survival rates are lower in individuals older than 70 years. Highlighting disparities in incidence and outcomes, further research is essential to uncover the underlying causes and develop targeted interventions to mitigate risks and improve patient outcomes. Keywords: anal adenocarcinoma, epidemiology, race, age, survival rates, disparities. This table summarizes the key trends in anal adenocarcinoma incidence and survival by race and age over the two decades from 2000 to 2020. The increases in incidence, particularly among Black individuals, and the worsening survival rates, especially in older and Black populations, are notable findings from the study. Category 2000-2010 2010-2020 Change (2000-2020) Incidence per 100,000 (Overall) 0.7 → 1.0 1.0 → 1.6 +0.9 Incidence by Race - White 1.2 → 1.5 1.5 → 1.5 +0.3 - Black 1.5 → 2.3 2.3 → 2.3 +0.8 - Hispanic 0.8 → 1.0 1.0 → 1.0 +0.2 - Asian 0.3 → 0.5 0.5 → 0.5 +0.2 5-Year Survival by Age - ≤50 years 75% 70% -5% - 51-70 years 55% 50% -5% - >70 years 35% 30% -5% 5-Year Survival by Race - White 65% 60% -5% - Black 40% 35% -5%

Gut Microbiome-Host microRNA Interactions in Cancer Development and Immune Regulation: A Case of Colorectal and Breast Cancer

Breast and colorectal cancers represent primary malignancies that researchers worldwide analyze for genetic along with environmental risk elements to build therapeutic methods for better cancer outcomes. The most prevalent cancer in women is breast cancer along with colorectal cancer ranking second and third respectively among females. Adults across the globe most often experience these cancer types yet the present scenario shows rising incidence rates among younger patients. These early-onset tumors often start in the advanced stages of their aggressive type and produce a poor clinical outlook for patients. Past research initially concentrated on identifying genes which might help explain cancer origins but this approach changed in recent years. Scientific research has demonstrated that genetics and epigenetics together with environmental elements strongly affect cancer predisposition. Due to recent paradigm shifts in scientific inquiry researchers performed diverse investigations to analyze host microRNA response patterns and validated microbiota-gut communication systems which significantly influenced disease occurrence and state. These factors directly affect the disease's final results. Immunosuppression stands as a major worrisome consequence among all identified unfavorable effects of this disease because at present such patients remain susceptible to numerous infections. Recent scientific research found microbiome along with microRNA to substantially affect immunosuppression. The review tracked host microRNA activity alongside gut microbiome changes during disease development to determine their influence on immunosuppression in patients. Understanding the microRNA and microbiome interaction mechanisms with disease presentation effects on immune function would enable future therapeutic development opportunities targeting host microRNA and patient gut microbiome functions. The combination of inhibitory-miRNA therapies with miRNA mimic-based therapeutics and immune checkpoint blockade therapies and bacteria-assisted tumor-targeted therapies helps manage cancer. This study simultaneously investigated noninvasive biomarkers that could help with both cancer diagnosis and treatment plans and prognostic assessment.

Emerging trends in cervical cancer incidence among younger Taiwanese generations: an urban–rural comparison

Background Despite global declines in cervical cancer incidence, certain regions observe unexpected rising trends among younger generations. Methods This study uses the age–period–cohort model to examine long-term incidence trends of invasive cervical cancer in Taiwan. Data were sourced from the Taiwan Cancer Registry. Results From 2000 to 2019, both urban and rural areas of Taiwan saw a marked decrease in incidence rates, a trend largely attributed to the cytology-based screening program introduced in 1995. Yet, rising incidence rates emerged in younger Taiwanese generations, specifically those born post-1975 in urban and post-1980 in rural settings. The 1990-born urban cohort faced a risk 1.9 times higher than their 1975-born counterparts, while the risk for the 1990-born rural cohort was 1.4 times greater than those born in 1980. In addition, post-1980 urban cohorts exhibited greater risks than their rural counterparts. Conclusions The rising trends in cervical cancer incidence among younger Taiwanese generations may be influenced by factors such as increased sexual permissiveness and urbanization. Although current prevention efforts, such as human papillomavirus vaccination, are noteworthy, there is a need for ongoing surveillance and improved strategies that specifically target recent cohorts.

Diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary embolism. Recommendations of the Thromboembolic Disease Group of the Spanish Society of Internal Medicine 2024.

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a disease with a rising incidence rate. This article presents the recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of PE of the Thromboembolic Disease Group of the Spanish Society of Internal Medicine (SEMI). The main objective is to facilitate decision making to improve the diagnostic and therapeutic approach based on published evidence. The final justification of the document is to improve the comprehensive care of the patient with PE.

Engineering a high-throughput clone for industrial-scale production of long-acting GLP-1 analogue with retained bio-efficacy.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity are critical global health issues with rising incidence rates. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogues have emerged as effective treatments due to their ability to regulate blood glucose levels and gastric emptying through central nervous signals involving hypothalamic receptors, such as leptin. To address the short plasma half-life of native GLP-1, a C-16 fatty acid was conjugated to lysine in the GLP-1 analogue sequence to enhance its longevity. This study focuses on engineering a high-throughput clone and evaluation of novel GLP-1 analogues with improved bio-efficacy and production yields. Five plasmid models were created using different N-terminal fusion partners and assessed for hydrophobicity, instability index, and isoelectric point. Three optimal plasmid models were selected based on high-valued hydrophobicity, solubility, and partial solubility. These plasmids were constructed with the pET24a vector, incorporating GLP-1 with fusion tags via recombinant DNA technology and transformed into E. coli BL21 DE3 hosts. The proteins were purified through enzyme digestion and chromatography, resulting in a high-yield peptide. The GLP-1 peptide was conjugated with in-house developed fatty acid compound n-Palmitoyl glutamic acid (n-PGA) and purified using C18 column chromatography, achieving a final product yield of 170-190 mg per liter of fermentation culture. Biological activity was confirmed by cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) generation and 3 T3 cell differentiation assays, showing a 1.5-fold increase in mRNA gene expression with the clone having n-terminal hydrophobic amino acids, thioredoxin-modified tag, and enterokinase cleavage site, indicating high purity and biological potency of the GLP-1 analogue.

Global burden of bacterial skin diseases from 1990 to 2045: an analysis based on global burden disease data.

Bacterial skin diseases are a category of inflammatory skin conditions caused by bacterial infections, which impose a significant global disease burden. However, they have not been well assessed or predicted on a global scale. It is necessary to update the estimates and forecast future trends of the global burden of bacterial skin diseases to evaluate the impact of past healthcare policies and to provide guidance and information for new national and international healthcare strategies. We aimed to describe the burden and trend of bacterial skin diseases and to predict the burden up to 2045. To achieve this, we employed a cross-sectional analysis based on Global Burden of Disease (GBD) data, utilizing advanced statistical models to quantify trends and forecast future burdens. Data on incidence and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of bacterial skin diseases were obtained from Global Burden of Disease 2021. We used average annual percent change (AAPC) by Joinpoint Regression to quantify the temporal trends. We conducted decomposition analysis to understand the contribution of aging, epidemiological changes, and population growth. Bayesian Age-Period-Cohort model was used to predict burden up to 2045. Global incidence rate of bacterial skin diseases increased from 8,988.74 per 100,000 in 1990 to 10,823.88 per 100,000, with AAPC of 0.62% (0.61 ~ 0.63%). The highest incidence rate was in low Socio-demographic Index (SDI) region and population aged < 35. The DALYs rate increased from 20.82 per 100,000 in 1990 to 25.45 per 100,000 in 2021, with AAPC of -0.11% (-0.34 ~ 0.13%). The highest increase of DALYs was in high SDI region and population aged > 85. Among the three evaluated factors of decomposition analysis, the major drivers of incident case rise were population growth, followed by epidemiological changes; the major drivers of DALYs case rise were population growth, followed by aging. The number of incidence cases has increased since 1990, reaching nearly 90million in 2021 and expected to hit 1.2billion in 2045. The incidence rate has also risen. Meanwhile, DALYs showed an upward trend from 1990 to 2005, peaking at 32/100,000, then a downward trend. Our findings align with our initial objectives, demonstrating a significant increase in the global incidence of bacterial skin diseases and highlighting the need for targeted prevention and treatment strategies. The variation in burden across different regions and age groups underscores the importance of tailored public health interventions. Predictive models suggest a continued rise in incidence rates and incident cases through 2045, emphasizing the urgency for action. This study provides a foundation for future research and policy development aimed at reducing the burden of bacterial skin diseases worldwide.

An Adult with Fever and Progressive Ulcerative Lesions: A Case of Malignant Syphilis

Background: Syphilis has recently reemerged as a significant public health concern, with rising incidence rates globally. Malignant syphilis is a rare and severe variant of secondary syphilis, often associated with immunocompromised states, particularly HIV infection. Methods: Here, we reported a rare case of malignant syphilis in a young man with well-controlled HIV. Case: A 35-year-old man with well-controlled HIV presented with disseminated ulcerated nodules and plaques, accompanied by fever, asthenia, and mild itching. Histopathology of the scapular ulcer revealed a granulomatous infiltrate. Cutaneous leishmaniasis, atypical mycobacteriosis, and T-cell lymphomas were excluded. Serological testing and polymerase chain reaction confirmed a diagnosis of malignant syphilis.

Epidemiological Patterns, Treatment Response, and Metabolic Correlatations of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: A US-Based Study From 1994 to 2024

Introduction: Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (IIH) presents an increasing health burden with changing demographic patterns. We studied nationwide trends in IIH epidemiology, treatment patterns, and associated outcomes using a large-scale database analysis within the United States (US). Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis using the TriNetX US Collaborative Network database (1990-2024). We investigated demographic characteristics, time-based trends, geographic distribution, treatment pathways patterns, comorbidity profiles and associated risks with IIH. We used multivariate regression, Cox proportional hazards modeling, and standardized morbidity ratios to assess various outcomes and associations. Results: Among 51,526 patients, we found a significant increase in adult IIH incidence from 16.0 to 127.0 per 100,000 (adjusted RR: 6.94, 95% CI: 6.71-7.17). Female predominance increased over time (female-to-male ratio: 3.29, 95% CI: 3.18-3.40). Southern regions showed the highest prevalence (43.0%, n=21,417). Initial medical management success rates varied between acetazolamide (42.3%) and topiramate (28.7%). Advanced interventional procedures showed 82.5% success rates in refractory cases. Cox modeling revealed significant associations between IIH and metabolic syndrome (HR: 2.14, 95% CI: 1.89-2.39) and cardiovascular complications (HR: 1.76, 95% CI: 1.58-1.94), independent of BMI. Conclusions: Our findings highlight IIH as a systemic disorder with significant metabolic implications beyond its neurological manifestations. The marked regional disparities and rising incidence rates, especially among adults, suggest the need for targeted healthcare strategies. Early intervention success strongly predicts favorable outcomes, supporting prompt diagnosis and treatment initiation. These results advocate for an integrated approach combining traditional IIH management with broad metabolic screening care.

Regional Variations in Depression Prevalence: A Comprehensive Correlational Analysis

Depression, an increasingly prevalent mental disorder, has garnered substantial global attention due to its rising incidence rates. This study seeks to elucidate the correlation between depression and regional disparities by conducting a detailed analysis of depression prevalence across different age groups and genders within five Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) regions. By employing sophisticated data analysis techniques, this research investigates the complex interplay of socioeconomic development levels, environmental quality, and historical political factors influencing regional depression rates. The findings reveal significant variations in depression prevalence, suggesting that these disparities are closely linked with the region-specific socioeconomic and environmental contexts. This comprehensive study not only advances our understanding of the geographic distribution of depression but also provides a robust theoretical framework and practical insights for targeted prevention strategies and treatment interventions aimed at mitigating this global mental health challenge. This enhances the potential for policymakers and healthcare providers to tailor their approaches according to specific regional needs and conditions, thereby improving the effectiveness of depression management programs and contributing to better mental health outcomes globally.

Inhibition of proliferation, migration and invasion of RM-1 cells by roemerine: Insights from in vitro and in vivo studies.

Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related among men globally, with a rising incidence rate, particularly in developing countries. This highlights the urgent need to identify novel therapeutic agents. Roemerine, a naturally abundant alkaloid, has demonstrated antibacterial and antitumor properties, suggesting its potential utility in prostate cancer treatment. This study evaluates the effects of roemerine on RM-1 prostate cancer cells using in vitro assays and an in vivo nude mouse subcutaneous xenograft tumor model. Through Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK8), MTT, Wound-Healing, and Transwell assays, we assessed roemerine's impact on RM-1 cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Additionally, the antitumor efficacy of roemerine was evaluated in nude mice bearing subcutaneous RM-1 tumors. Our findings reveal that roemerine significantly inhibits RM-1 cell activity, migration, invasion, and tumor growth. These results highlight the potential of roemerine as a novel antitumor agent for prostate cancer, providing a foundation for further mechanistic and pharmacological investigations.

Investigation of ROS-Driven Cytotoxic Mechanisms in WO3:Ag Heterostructures Supported on Carbon Against Bladder Cancer

Bladder cancer presents a significant health challenge due to its high malignancy and rising incidence rates. Silver-based materials are well-known for their cytotoxic effects on various cell types. This study not only aimed to synthesize and characterize carbon-supported WO3:Ag heterostructures but also to evaluate their biological and physicochemical properties. The material was synthesized through the synergistic thermal decomposition of α-Ag2WO4 dispersed in chitosan, followed by WO3:Ag heterostructure formation on a carbon support, yielding samples with varying α-Ag2WO4 concentrations (SC, SC1, SC2, and SC4, for 0, 10, 20 and 40% of α-Ag2WO4 for chitosan). Characterization confirmed the successful formation of carbon-supported heterostructures with controlled ionic release and enhanced ROS generation. In vitro assays were conducted to assess the viability of non-tumor (3T3 fibroblasts) and tumor (bladder carcinoma MB49) cells using MTT salt and neutral red dye. Additional analyses included autophagy detection by correlating data from viability assays, nitric oxide and ROS quantification using the Griess reaction and fluorescent probes, and Caspase-3 activity measured with a fluorescent antibody. The results indicated that SC1 and SC2 samples were more effective against both cell types, with SC2 showing heightened effectiveness against the tumor lineage by inducing greater oxidative stress in MB49 cells compared to 3T3 fibroblasts. Additionally, the materials exhibited low ionic release (&lt;0.01%), reducing potential adverse effects. Mechanistic analysis showed that the carbon support and synergistic interactions between WO₃ and Ag modulated ⦁OH radical production, even without light, enhancing the material's cytotoxic efficiency. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of WO₃:Ag heterostructures as a safe and effective approach for treating aggressive cancers like bladder carcinoma, emphasizing the importance of further development in advanced biofunctional materials. This study also highlights the therapeutic potential of carbon-supported WO3:Ag heterostructures in bladder cancer treatment and underscores the importance of continued research in the development of novel anticancer strategies.

Local communities’ perceptions on malaria prevalence in the face of climate change in Chimanimani District, Zimbabwe

ABSTRACT Malaria is a significant public health challenge, with approximately 3.4 billion people at risk globally. Efforts to combat malaria are increasingly hindered by climate change, which contributes to rising incidence rates. While the link between climate change and malaria is recognized, local communities' perceptions on malaria have been underexplored. This study examines community perceptions on malaria prevalence amid climate change in Chimanimani District, Zimbabwe. Focus group discussions (FGD) and household questionnaire using a three-point Likert scale, were used for data collection. Perceptions were summarized through individual sums and community-weighted means, with descriptive statistics and chi-square tests used to assess correlations between socio-economic factors, perceptions and adoption of malaria control measures. A majority (84.6%) of respondents acknowledged climate change impacts, with weighted means indicating strong perceptions on its effects on malaria (2.875 to 2.946 out of 3). Individual perception scores ranged from 8 to 15, with a mean of 14.57; 77.7% of participants scored above the mean. Notably, only family history of malaria and indoor residual spraying (IRS) had significant association with perceptions (p-value ≤ 0.05), though some viewed IRS as responsible for increased mosquito populations. Enhancing information dissemination could improve perceptions and facilitate the adoption of effective malaria control strategies.

It Looks Like a Zebra but Is Not: [18F]FDG PET/CT in a Giant Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma Mimicking Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Cutaneous malignant melanoma (MM) is the most aggressive form of skin cancer, associated with high mortality and rising incidence rates in Europe despite prevention efforts. Nodular MM, the most aggressive subtype, often mimics other skin tumors, complicating diagnosis. We present the case of a 66-year-old woman with a large, ulcerated tumor beneath the left scapula, along with multiple nodular lesions on the left arm and chest. Initially suspected to be an aggressive squamous cell carcinoma, the diagnosis was confirmed as invasive cutaneous MM with a BRAF(V600) mutation via biopsy. Staging with PET/CT revealed extensive glucose metabolism in the tumors and surrounding tissues, as well as metastatic lymphadenopathy. The disease was classified as stage IV (T4bN3cM1a0). Neoadjuvant systemic therapy with BRAF and MEK inhibitors (Dabrafenib and Trametinib) was initiated to reduce tumor size. Remarkable regression was observed within a week, with further reduction in tumor size after one month. A follow-up PET/CT after 3 months showed significant decreases in tracer uptake and lesion size, with a ΔSUVmax of 51.9%, a ΔMTV of 74.5%, and a ΔTLG of 83.5%, indicating an excellent response to targeted therapy.

Public awareness and knowledge about colorectal cancer screening in Saudi Arabia

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a significant global health concern, ranking second among women and third among men in cancer diagnoses worldwide. In Saudi Arabia, CRC has been the most prevalent cancer in men since 2002. Despite rising incidence rates, public awareness and understanding of CRC screening remain critical for early detection and effective intervention. This study assesses public awareness and knowledge regarding CRC screening in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study was conducted using Google forms to gather data from Saudi Arabia's overall population from 5th December 2023 to 20th December 2023. The online questionnaire included demographic information and assessed participants' knowledge, awareness, and attitudes toward CRC screening. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 26. Results: Of the 461 participants, 61.4% were female, 38.6% were male, and 53.1% were 50 or older. Only 13.1% of participants aged 50 and above had undergone CRC screening. A significant proportion (55.1%) in other age groups remained undecided about future screening. Lack of awareness (51.9%) was the primary reason for refusal or hesitation. Participants exhibited limited awareness of CRC's global prevalence (50.3%) and the recommended screening age (36.4%). Significant associations were found between awareness levels, gender, education, and age groups. Conclusions: The study highlights a substantial need for more awareness and knowledge about CRC screening in Saudi Arabia, particularly among specific demographic groups. Targeted awareness campaigns are crucial, focusing on increasing knowledge about risk factors, symptoms, and the importance of early screening.

Epidemiological Patterns, Treatment Response, and Metabolic Correlations of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: A US-Based Study From 1990 to 2024.

Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (IIH) presents an increasing health burden with changing demographic patterns. We studied nationwide trends in IIH epidemiology, treatment patterns, and associated outcomes using a large-scale database analysis within the United States (US). We performed a retrospective analysis using the TriNetX US Collaborative Network database (1990-2024). We investigated demographic characteristics, time-based trends, geographic distribution, treatment pathways patterns, comorbidity profiles and associated risks with IIH. We used multivariate regression, Cox proportional hazards modeling, and standardized morbidity ratios to assess various outcomes and associations. Among 51,526 patients, we found a significant increase in adult IIH incidence from 16.0 to 127.0 per 100,000 (adjusted RR: 6.94, 95% CI: 6.71-7.17). Female predominance increased over time (female-to-male ratio: 3.29, 95% CI: 3.18-3.40). Southern regions showed the highest prevalence (43.0%, n=21,417). Initial medical management success rates varied between acetazolamide (42.3%) and topiramate (28.7%). Advanced interventional procedures showed 82.5% success rates in refractory cases. Cox modeling revealed significant associations between IIH and metabolic syndrome (HR: 2.14, 95% CI: 1.89-2.39) and cardiovascular complications (HR: 1.76, 95% CI: 1.58-1.94), independent of BMI. Our findings highlight IIH as a systemic disorder with significant metabolic implications beyond its neurological manifestations. The marked regional disparities and rising incidence rates, especially among adults, suggest the need for targeted healthcare strategies.Early intervention success strongly predicts favorable outcomes, supporting prompt diagnosis and treatment initiation. These results advocate for an integrated approach combining traditional IIH management with broad metabolic screening care.

Changing epidemiology and treatment responses in autoimmune liver diseases: a 14-year retrospective analysis from a tertiary care center

AimThis study aimed to retrospectively evaluate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients diagnosed with autoimmune liver diseases (AILDs) over a 14-year period in a tertiary center. Additionally, we assessed factors influencing treatment response and relapse, with a particular focus on the rising incidence rates and gender distribution trends.Materials and methodsA total of 120 patients diagnosed with autoimmune liver diseases between January 2005 and December 2018 were included in this single-center study. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were retrospectively analyzed. Treatment responses were evaluated based on established criteria for autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), and primary biliary cholangitis (PBC).ResultsThe study revealed an increasing trend in AIH diagnoses, particularly among males, over across the two 7-year periods analyzed (2005–2011 vs 2012–2018). Despite standard treatment, a notable proportion of patients experienced treatment failure or relapse. Cirrhosis at diagnosis and delayed diagnosis were associated with poorer treatment responses. Furthermore, portal plasma cell infiltration on liver biopsy was significantly associated with relapse.Discussion and conclusionOur findings indicate an increasing prevalence of AIH, particularly among males, highlighting the need for early diagnosis and improved predictive markers for treatment response. The significant association between portal plasma cell infiltration and relapse warrants further investigation. Although limited by the study’s retrospective design and sample size, these results suggest that multicenter studies could provide valuable insights into the management of AILDs.

Nationwide Incidence Trends of Pediatric Parotid Malignancy in Korea and a Retrospective Analysis of Single-Institution Surgical Experience of Parotidectomy

Background/Objectives: Pediatric parotid malignancies are rare but represent a critical subset of head and neck cancers. This study integrates nationwide incidence trends in Korea with detailed surgical outcomes from a single tertiary institution to better understand the characteristics and management of these tumors.Materials &amp; Methods: Nationwide data from the Korea Central Cancer Registry (1999-2019) were analyzed to assess trends in pediatric parotid malignancy incidence. A retrospective review was conducted on 31 pediatric parotidectomy cases at a tertiary hospital from 2011 to 2024. Clinical data, surgical methods, pathology results, and follow-up outcomes were examined.Results: Nationwide analysis revealed an annual mean of 9.0 ± 4.0 cases of pediatric parotid malignancies, with a significant rise in incidence among patients aged 10-19 years (APC 5.4%, 95% CI 1.1-9.8, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;=0.016). Institutional data showed that the median age of patients underwent parotidectomy was 15.0 years, with males comprising 67.7%. Among 31 cases, 19 (61.3%) were benign, primarily pleomorphic adenomas (68.4%), and 12 (38.7%) were malignant, predominantly mucoepidermoid carcinoma (87.5%). Superficial or partial parotidectomy was the most common surgical approach (71.0%), and no unexpected complications or recurrences were observed.Conclusion: Pediatric parotid malignancies in Korea exhibit rising incidence rates, particularly among teenagers. Surgical outcomes confirm the predominance of pleomorphic adenomas and mucoepidermoid carcinomas. Pediatric parotid surgery is a procedure with minimized complications and a promising prognosis. Tailored treatment strategies adapted to the unique characteristics of pediatric patients are essential to optimize outcomes.

Application Value of 3D Printing Technology in Breast Cancer Treatment

Breast cancer, the most prevalent malignant tumor among women, has shown a rising incidence rate in recent years. Personalized and precise comprehensive treatment is currently considered the optimal approach for breast cancer management. The application of 3D printing technology in the medical field has been expanding, covering areas such as medical devices, anatomical models, tissue engineering scaffolds, tumor models, and drug formulation, drawing significant attention in the field of oncology. This article explores the application value of 3D printing technology in breast cancer treatment, including preoperative planning, radiotherapy, postoperative rehabilitation and adjuvant therapy, and scientific research, aiming to provide new perspectives and methods for clinical breast cancer treatment.

Current preeclampsia prediction model and biomarker

Preeclampsia (PE) is a serious hypertensive disorder that occurs during pregnancy and is often accompanied by proteinuria (excessive protein in the urine), posing significant risks to both maternal and neonatal health worldwide. PE is a leading cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality and is notably challenging to predict due to its unpredictable nature and steadily rising incidence rates globally. As a result, substantial efforts have been directed toward developing predictive models and identifying biomarkers to assess the risk and progression of PE. However, existing models vary widely in their design, methodologies, and efficacy. Current prediction models recommended by notable organizations, including the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), the Fetal Medicine Foundation (FMF), and the World Health Organization (WHO), generally involve screening based on maternal characteristics and known risk factors. These include parameters such as maternal age, body mass index (BMI), number of pregnancies and births, blood pressure, and uterine arterial pulse index (UtA-PI). Additionally, biomarkers like mean arterial pressure (MAP), UtA-PI, and the ratio of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 to placental growth factor (sFlt-1/PlGF) are employed to improve predictive accuracy. Despite the diversity of predictive models and biomarkers, there is no consensus on the optimal model for PE prediction, largely due to the limitations in comparative studies and the challenges involved in cross-study comparisons. However, literature suggests that the FMF model demonstrates superior detection capacity compared to other predictive models.

Deep Learning With Optical Coherence Tomography for Melanoma Identification and Risk Prediction.

Malignant melanoma is the most severe skin cancer with a rising incidence rate. Several noninvasive image techniques and computer-aided diagnosis systems have been developed to help find melanoma in its early stages. However, most previous research utilized dermoscopic images to build a diagnosis model, and only a few used prospective datasets. This study develops and evaluates a convolutional neural network (CNN) for melanoma identification and risk prediction using optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging of mice skin. Longitudinal tests are performed on four animal models: melanoma mice, dysplastic nevus mice, and their respective controls. The CNN classifies melanoma and healthy tissues with high sensitivity (0.99) and specificity (0.98) and also assigns a risk score to each image based on the probability of melanoma presence, which may facilitate early diagnosis and management of melanoma in clinical settings.