Rising Divorce Rate Research Articles

‘Running Riot’: Violence and British Punk Communities, 1975-1984

Roused by their experience at the Notting Hill Carnival of 1976, the Clash penned their first single “White Riot” and at an early stage helped to establish the burgeoning punk community’s obsession with violence. In the context of the social and economic crises of the late 1970s and early 1980s, street level disorders and attacks were common place. However, punk’s use of aggression was more than a simple embrace of violence’s banality during the period. It constituted a response to postwar British discourse about youth and the stark rise in divorce rates. Punks used violence to react against cultural isolation and to find individual, masculine empowerment as part of a subcultural community.

Does Mobile Phone Penetration Affect Divorce Rate? Evidence from China

Marital happiness is an important symbol of social harmony and can help promote sustainable economic and social development. In recent years, the rapid rise of the divorce rate in China, a country where the divorce rate had previously been low, has attracted wide attention. However, few articles have focused on the popularization of information and communication technology's impact on China’s rising divorce rate in recent years. As a first attempt, the provincial panel data during the period 2001–2016 is applied to study quantitatively the relationship between mobile phone penetration and the divorce rate. In order to get more reliable estimation results, this paper uses two indicators to measure the divorce rate, and quantile regression is applied for further analysis. Additionally, one-year to five-year lag times of the mobile phone penetration are used as the core explanatory variables in order to analyse the lagging effect of mobile phone penetration on divorce rate. The result shows that the correlation between the mobile phone penetration and the divorce rate was statistically positive significant in China during the period 2001–2016. Furthermore, the paper also finds that mobile phone penetration had the greatest impact on divorce rate in central China, followed by eastern China, but it was not obvious in western China during this period. From a technological perspective, this paper provides some possible explanations for the rising divorce rate in China in recent years, and further enriches the relevant research on the impact of the development of information and communication technology on societal changes.

Kriteria Memilih Pasangan Hidup (Kajian Hermeneutika Hadis)

a saki>nah mawaddah wa rah}mah family is the hope of all married couples. In reality, the rising divorce rate in Indonesia, particularly as recorded by Religious Court, is alarming and thus needs to be studied. There are two main factors that determine the successful marriage: choosing the right spouse-to-be (pre-wedding) and maintaining a good marital relationship (post-wedding). The question to be studied in this article is how the interpretation of hadiths containing teachings on maintaining a good marital relationship using hermeneutics can guarantee its wellbeing.Keywords: Characteristics of the, spouses, saki> nah

Temporal Consideration of the Marriage Effect

Marriage provides a source of social control away from crime in adulthood, with considerable empirical support from numerous studies elaborating on marriage within various contexts. The effect was initially identified at a time before the modern rise in divorce rates, the deferring of marriage in favor of less formal relationships like cohabitation, and an overall decline in marriage at all, suggesting the need to examine the effect in the context of changing social customs through time. The current study undertook meta-regression analyses to examine the temporal aspects of the marriage effect, and to demonstrate the importance of systematically studying chronological changes over time within the life course perspective. While the results do not demonstrate statistically significant temporal changes, the current study expands the discussion of systematically studying chronological change through different methodological strategies. This study expands methodological and theoretical opportunities to consider the marriage effect and life course research.

Homes or Just Houses: The Housing Needs of Female-Headed Households in Egypt

With the drastic rise in divorce rates in Egypt in the last few decades, targeting female-headed households as new housing segment is becoming increasingly crucial. Female-headed households are categorized as part of the housing vulnerable groups supported by the government. The housing needs, preferences and the market navigation patterns of this group are the study matter of this paper. While this group shares similarities in the housing needs with the two-parent families there are defined differences in the housing presences and market navigation patterns of the two groups. The paper also sheds the light on how the social characteristics of the female-headed households determine the housing problems they face with the current market offerings. Then, it outlines a typology of the housing preferred by the female heads, with the aim of generating recommendations that would help create more inclusive and satisfactory housing market offerings tailored for them. The proximity of the workplace to the housing unit in addition to the presence of an active community center within the neighborhoods was on top of their housing demands.

Married Women’s Economic Independence and Divorce in the Nineteenth- and Early-Twentieth-Century United States

We analyze the effects of the Married Women’s Property Acts and Earnings Acts (EAs) on divorce rates in the late-nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century United States. We find that the property acts increased divorce rates, which is consistent with the predicted outcome, in household extensive bargaining models, of an increase in the married woman’s relative bargaining power. We also find some evidence that the EAs had a positive effect on divorce rates, though it is not statistically significant after accounting for the possibility that divorce rates changed prior to the enactment of an EA. To support our causal argument, we control for regional trends in the divorce rate and account for the timing of the laws’ effects. We also assess alternative explanations for the rise in divorce rates during the late nineteenth century, including age structure, divorce law, urbanization, economic development, and foreign immigration, and we find that only age structure and urbanization positively affected divorce rates along with the property acts. Finally, we provide support for our argument from court cases in which the acts were used to defend a woman’s property rights against claims from her ex-husband.

Parental breakup and children’s development: the role of time and of post-separation conditions

In recent years, the relationship between parental separation and child outcomes has received massive attention. This extraordinary level of interest stems from the rise in divorce rates in almost all developed countries. The aim of the paper is to identify the effect of parental separation on child cognitive and behavioural outcomes. It uses data on a sample of around 9000 children up to age 11, drawn from five waves of the United Kingdom Millennium Cohort Study. We use fixed-effects models to control for unobservable characteristics that do not vary over time, and explore the role of time and of post-separation conditions in mitigating these effects. We find that parental separation has detrimental but small effects on children’s behaviours, and that these effects appear stronger after a couple of years from separation. An intimate relationship between the child and the non-resident father, the presence of a new mother’s partner and of other relatives also play a role. No effect is found on cognitive development.

Families and social security

The present paper quantifies the importance of family insurance for the analysis of social security. We therefore augment the standard overlapping generations model with idiosyncratic labor productivity and longevity risk in that we account for gender and marital status.We simulate the abolition of pay-as-you-go pension payments, calculate the resulting intergenerational welfare changes and isolate aggregate efficiency effects for singles and families by means of compensating transfers. We find that abolishing social security creates significant efficiency losses which are substantially higher for singles compared to married couples. A decomposition of the efficiency loss reveals that this difference can be almost exclusively attributed to the insurance role of the family with respect to longevity risk. Neglecting differences in family structure when studying the privatization of social security, one overestimates the long run change in the capital stock by about 40 percent, the decline in labor supply by about 30 percent and the aggregate efficiency loss by even 36 percent. Given rising divorce rates and less stable marriages in almost all Western societies, our results also indicate that social security should not be reduced but strengthened in the future.

Development of Emotion-Focused Couples Communication Program (EFCCP): A Pilot Study

The urge to belong to someone and maintain a relationship is one of the basic human needs. Marriage is a social institution that responds to this basic human need. But recent times witness an alarmingly rising rate of divorce and separation, making marital relationship a distressing factor rather than one that augments the well-being of the people. The purpose of this study was to develop an intervention program for enhancing couples communication and marital satisfaction and to pilot test its feasibility and usability in the field of marriage therapy for enhancing marriage quality. Development of the program involved integration of qualitative and quantitative research designs. Primary Communication Inventory and Dyadic Adjustment Scale were used to measure the level of communication and marital satisfaction among the couples; interviews and Focused-Group Discussions were carried out to get a better understanding. Basing on these, a nine modular intervention was developed integrating the communication and emotion constructs of Non-Violent Communication (NVC) and Emotion-Focused Therapy (EFT). The program was subjected to expert validation by six inter-disciplinary experts and pilot tested with six couples. The intervention was positively received by the participants and the results of the pilot test showed improvement in the level of communication and marital satisfaction among the couples.

Covenant Marriage and the Conflict of Laws

Recently, three American stales introduced covenant marriage as a new form of marriage in response to the rising divorce rate. The author examines the threedistinguishing characteristics of covenant marriage that distinguish it from the current form of marriage offered in the United States and Canada. For the United States, the author canvasses the possibility of separating jurisdiction from choice of law. separating subject matter jurisdiction from personal jurisdiction, and recognition of the parties' intent, as three possible alternatives that non-covenant marriage states can utilize in order to respect the parties' intentions and the covenant marriage state's legislative intent. For Canada, the author canvasses the possibility that while Canada could take jurisdiction on the "ordinarily resident" basis, they may refuse jurisdiction on the basis of <i>forum non conveniens</i> or, alternatively, that they may apply the substantive law of the covenant marriage state on the basis that the Declaration of Intent signed by the parties represents an express choice of law clause.

The Divorce Bargain: The Fathers' Rights Movement and Family Inequalities

A vast literature documents the history of the women’s and gay liberation movements in the late twentieth century, but we still know little about how heterosexual men navigated dramatic change in the legal regulation of families. This Article provides the first legal history of the fathers’ rights movement. It analyzes how middle-class white men responded to rising divorce rates by pursuing reform in both family law and welfare policy. This history offers novel insight into the relationship between the private law of divorce, which regulates largely middle-class families, and public welfare state policies, which have the greatest effect on poor families. This Article challenges the assumption that these private and public family law systems operate in parallel, showing instead that they are interdependent.Through the mid-twentieth century, marriage shaped the relationship not only between men and women but also between middle-class men and the state: men supported children and wives in exchange for legal protection of male familial authority. In the 1960s and 1970s, escalating divorce rates and the emergence of no-fault divorce laws upset this balance. By the mid-1980s, activists and federal and state legislators forged a new political compromise: fathers’ rights activists conceded ongoing child support obligations in exchange for greater access to custody upon divorce. This “divorce bargain” catalyzed a shift from common law presumptions favoring maternal custody to statutory recognition of joint custody. In so doing, it reinforced private rather than public responsibility for children living in nonmarital families.The divorce bargain promoted formal equality and sex neutrality within private family law, but also entrenched gender and class inequalities. The bargain failed to challenge women’s disproportionate responsibility for childrearing within marriage, yet enabled men to use custody rights as leverage in child support and spousal maintenance negotiations. In addition, tying paternal responsibilities to custody rights advanced middle-class men’s caregiving interests but hurt those of low-income fathers who could not afford to pay child support. The state vilified these men as “deadbeat dads” who did not merit legal protection. The history of fathers’ rights advocacy for the divorce bargain, therefore, reminds us not to confuse liberalism with equality.

Divorce and the English Clergy c.1970-1990

This article sheds light on how the Church of England discussed and managed divorce and remarriage in the later decades of the twentieth century. In the context of rapidly rising divorce rates, the Church’s continued opposition to remarrying divorcees left it increasingly out of step with the expectations and experiences of large number of people. With the Church seemingly unable to offer forgiveness and a second chance to the many individuals whose marriages ended, the private misfortunes of clergy couples and the conduct of clergymen who failed in their role as moral exemplars came under ever greater public scrutiny than before. At the same time, these issues revealed further dimensions to the gender inequalities present within the Church, as abandoned clergy wives were forced to campaign for rights to housing, financial assistance and counselling support. The article demonstrates how the Church became caught between a perceived need to defend the Christian ideal of marriage against the legacies of the permissive 1960s, and the desire to promote itself as a modern compassionate institution.

Interviews with divorced women from the United Arab Emirates: a rare glimpse into lived experiences

The United Arab Emirates, an oil-wealthy Gulf nation, has undergone significant social changes since the discovery of oil. Although many changes have been positive, there has also been an increase in social problems, including divorce. The rising divorce rate is alarming, considering that divorce is detrimental to Emirati families, where commitment to Islam, strong family ties and a sense of tradition are highly valued. This article presents findings from a qualitative study in which I interviewed 10 divorced Emirati women, using phenomenology as my methodological framework. Data were collected through one-to-one in-depth interviews. Several issues being common to the respondents emerged, including family interference, early marriage, the desire to know more about the partner before marriage, domestic violence, controlling spouses and the social stigma of divorce. Social exchange theory of divorce is presented in an effort to analyse why divorce is an option for some of today’s Emirati women.

Farm, family, and myself: farm women dealing with family break-up

Despite the rising divorce rate among farm families in Norway, surprisingly little research has examined these break-ups. Drawing on interviews with farm women whose marital or cohabiting relationships broke down, we explore the contradictions between individualization and the moral responsibility embedded in the patriarchal discourse of the family farm. We ask whether farm family dissolution represents a break with patriarchal ideology and practice, and thus threatens the survival of the family farm. A key finding is the struggle to balance establishing new lives for themselves with meeting their felt obligations to the farm. None of the women exercised their full legal rights if they worried that it might destroy the farm business. By ensuring the survival of the farm and the well-being of their children, the women's handling of divorce conforms to cultural conventions and protects the family farm.

Differences in the rhythms of daily life between young childless couples and new parents

In many European countries, people are becoming parents later in life than some decades ago. The decision to postpone parenthood is thought to arise from general economic insecurity and the perceived pressure of greater parenthood responsibilities. The rising divorce rate among young couples indicates emerging difficulties. This article investigates everyday life activities and differences in daily rhythms between young childless couples and new parents, and between women and men. The data used in identifying and comparing these rhythms are drawn from a nationally representative time use survey compiled by Statistics Finland. The results show a notable increase in restricted and fragmented time use and a decrease in free time following parenthood. The change in daily rhythms is greater among women than men, although men experience a greater increase in total work time and decrease in free time.

You Can Help Stop America’s March to the Right

You Can Help Stop America’s March to the Right

Women's Emancipation Through Education: A Macroeconomic Analysis

In this paper, we study the role of education as insurance against a bad marriage. Historically, due to disparities in earning power and education across genders, married women often found themselves in an economically vulnerable position, and had to suffer one of two fates in a bad marriage: either they get divorced (assuming it is available) and struggle as low-income single mothers, or they remain trapped in the marriage. In both cases, education can provide a route to emancipation for women. To investigate this idea, we build and estimate an equilibrium search model with education, marriage/divorce/remarriage, and household labor supply decisions. A key feature of the model is that women bear a larger share of the divorce burden, mainly because they are more closely tied to their children relative to men. Our focus on education is motivated by the fact that divorce laws typically allow spouses to keep the future returns from their human capital upon divorce (unlike their physical assets), making education a good insurance against divorce risk. However, as women further their education, the earnings gap between spouses shrinks, leading to more unstable marriages and, in turn, further increasing demand for education. The framework generates powerful amplification mechanisms, which lead to a large rise in divorce rates and a decline in marriage rates (similar to those observed in the US data) from relatively modest exogenous driving forces. Further, in the model, women overtake men in college attainment during the 1990s, a feature of the data that has proved challenging to explain. Our counterfactual experiments indicate that the divorce law reform of the 1970s played an important role in all of these trends, explaining more than one-quarter of college attainment rate of women post-1970s and one-half of the rise in labor supply for married women.

An Analysis of Divorce Cases in the United Arab Emirates: A Rising Trend

The United Arab Emirates (UAE), located in the Arabian Gulf, has undergone significant social changes over the last 50 years. In addition to the positive social changes that have occurred since the discovery of oil, there also has been an increase in social problems, including divorce. Divorce rates are on the rise in the UAE, and the government is particularly concerned with the rising divorce rate among its citizens. Using both document analysis and in-depth interviews, this study sought to explore reasons for the increasing divorce rates; we analyzed 367 completed divorce files from four UAE emirates' courts: Sharjah, Ajman, Um Al Quwain, and Fujairah. Additionally, we conducted in-depth interviews with four divorced Emirati women to gain an understanding of unknown aspects of the divorce phenomenon in the UAE and inform government or social programs that are aimed at reducing the divorce rates.

Kinship in Britain and beyond from the early modern to the present: introduction

Contemporary social and medical changes – such as the rising divorce rates and rates of subsequent remarriage, the introduction of new fertility techniques and rising longevity – trigger public debates about kinship, nature and culture. At the same time, ‘ the master narrative ’ telling how kinship declined in the course of modernization has been largely rejected by historians. Now, however, ‘ revisionist ’ arguments emphasizing longterm continuities in kinship and family ties are also being questioned. It is an appropriate time, therefore, to address anew the question of kinship in Britain from the early modern to the present. This special issue of Continuity and Change emerged from discussions initially held at the Ellen McArthur workshop ‘Kinship in Britain and Beyond 500–2000’, held in Cambridge in 2005. The workshop was organized by Professor R. M. Smith and Dr Naomi Tadmor and was kindly supported by the British Academy, the Economic History Society and the Cambridge Group for the History of Population and Social Structure. Four foci for investigation, highlighted at the original workshop, are examined here. The first concerns kinship and demography. The availability and the categories of kin most prevalent varied over time and among different social and age groups. The incidence of remarriage, changing marriage ages, generational lengths, and, more recently, lowered fertility, rising longevity, and the prevalence of divorce have also influenced kin availability. Some of the contributions in this volume specifically investigate the changing reservoirs of kin which people have been

In the eye of a divorce storm: examining the modern challenge for Irish schools educating children of divorced and separated families

The rising divorce rate in Irish society has consequences which are resonating beyond the family, and schools can find themselves caught in the eye of the storm, having to communicate with parents in conflict over the custody of their children. This article considers the obligations on schools in such a situation, in the context Irish family law, the education rights of parents and the ‘partnership’ approach now central in Irish education law and policy. It also explores the potential liability of schools with respect to the issue of parental child abduction.