Rise In Chronic Diseases Research Articles

The Looming Food Crisis: Exploring the Causes and Consequences – A Comprehensive Analysis And Strategic Recommendations for SDGs 2

Background: This study investigates the sustainability of future food production by examining current intensive high-yield cultivation practices and their long-term impacts. With the global population projected to reach 10 billion by 2050, the demand for food will escalate, leading to increased use of chemical inputs in agriculture. This practice poses a significant threat to soil fertility, potentially rendering it infertile for future generations. Presently, food scarcity affects millions, with 80 million people lacking adequate food and 2 million dying annually due to hunger-related issues. If these trends persist, the impact will extend from low-income countries to middle-income and developed nations. Objective: The study highlights the urgent need for strategic and practical approaches to mitigate these challenges. It underscores the detrimental effects of current agricultural practices on human health, including a rise in chronic diseases and genetic impacts on future generations. The research draws on interviews, case studies, and focus group discussions with farmers to understand their motivations and knowledge regarding sustainable practices. It also analyses the transition from traditional to modern agricultural methods in Telangana state over five years of doctoral research. Recommendations: Based on this comprehensive analysis, the paper provides strategic recommendations for Small Scale Growers (SSGs) to achieve sustainable development goals, eradicate future hunger, and preserve soil fertility. The proposed strategies include controlling soil erosion, minimizing synthetic fertilizer use, eliminating herbicides, and promoting effective soil ploughing and residue management. By integrating traditional knowledge with modern practices, these recommendations aim to enhance agricultural productivity while safeguarding environmental and human health. This study calls for immediate action to implement these strategies at the ground level to ensure a sustainable future for food production.

The Curse of Plenty: The Green Revolution and the Rise in Chronic Disease

The rising rate of chronic disease is a leading driver of the global disease burden. Yet, its determinants are not fully understood. Exploiting the Green Revolution and its expansion in historically groundwater-rich Indian districts, we examine the unanticipated contribution of agricultural productivity growth to the rise in chronic, diet-related diseases. We find that areas with greater adoption of new staple varieties saw an increase in diabetes in men born after the introduction of high-yield crops. We find suggestive evidence that diet is an important mechanism, such as heterogeneous impacts with respect to dietary habits and increases in household calorie consumption. (JEL I12, O13, O15, O31, Q12, Q16)

Internal medicine in the 21st century: Back to the future

Healthcare systems face multiple challenges arising from demographic factors (population aging) and epidemiological factors (rise of chronic diseases and patients with multimorbidity) as well as threats to their financial sustainability when maintaining equitable access to medical and technological advances. Current healthcare models, based on specialized medical care, lead to fragmented care that can be harmful to the patient and is inefficient for the system due to the overuse of redundant, low-value medical acts. Internal medicine is the hospital-centered general medical specialty par excellence, providing a comprehensive and holistic vision that is centered on the patient and not on the disease. Internists should be the leading physicians in the hospital setting for complex patients with or those with an uncertain diagnosis. Internists must play a key role, as hospitalists do, in the continued care of acute patients hospitalized for medical or surgical diseases, establishing shared care models in multidisciplinary teams. Likewise, to guarantee continuity of care for chronic patients, internists must establish mechanisms for collaboration with primary care and nursing, participating in the development of new out-of-hospital care models that use the available technological resources. Internal medicine should play a leading role in graduate and postgraduate medical education to promote a holistic vision among medical students and residents in medical subspecialties.

Community-Based Interventions in People with Palliative Care Needs: An Integrative Review of Studies from 2017 to 2022.

To describe the latest scientific evidence regarding community-based interventions performed on patients in need of palliative care worldwide. Given the rise of chronic diseases, their complexities and the fragility of patients, we are facing around 56.8 million people in need of palliative care. Community-based healthcare, particularly palliative care, can address social inequalities and improve the biopsychosocial health of disadvantaged populations. Therefore, primary care, as the main health referent in the community, has a central role in the care of these patients. This is an integrative review from January 2017 to June 2022 that follows the PRISMA statement and has been registered in PROSPERO. PubMed, Cuiden, the Web of Science (WoS), Cochrane and LILACS were the five databases searched. The scientific quality assessment of the articles was carried out following the CASPe methodology. Study selection was carried out by two researchers, A.V.L. and J.M.C.T., using the inclusion and exclusion criteria mentioned below. In cases of doubt or discrepancy, a third author (J.R.S.) was consulted. The interventions mentioned in the 16 articles analysed were classified under the following categories: music therapy, laughter therapy, spiritual and cognitive interventions, aromatherapy, interdisciplinary and community-based teams, advance care planning and community, volunteering, telemedicine and care mapping. Educating people to talk about different ethical issues could improve their quality of life and help develop more compassionate cities. We have identified interventions that are easily accessible (laughter therapy, telemedicine or music therapy), simple enough to be carried out at the community level and do not incur high costs. This is why they are recommended for people with palliative care needs in order to improve their quality of life.

HOSPITAL ADMINISTRATION IN A PERIPHERAL REMOTE LOCATION HOSPITAL: A EVIDENCE BASED STUDY

Objective: The organisation of the human society has undergone a unique transition throughout the last decades. With the rise of ever growing technologization and disruptive innovations, populations also demand more social and environmental initiatives from firms and governments. In 2015, the United Nations (UN) member states agreed upon a 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Developing a sustainable UHC is decisive to ensure better economic prospects and social equality across socioeconomic classes. This can be achieved by lowering the barriers to access health services to the most vulnerable groups and improve mortality and disability rates in the potential workforce. Methods: The present study was conducted in a remote location defence hospital catering to the health care needs of serving personnel of Indian armed forces and civilians residing in this peripheral area. The basic specialties including Obstetrics, paediatrics, medicine and general surgery are provided at this centre 24*7 by the dedicated medical officers of Indian Armed forces. Results: Sustainability of care continuously evolves towards becoming a major factor for public healthcare organisations, and more accountability will likely be demanded of managers to deliver on each aspect of its triple bottom line. This study shows that prevention and patient empowerment both carry great potential to attain this objective. Conclusion: It is necessary to set priorities and act according to available resources and organisational vision. The central threats to sustainability of public health care welfare systems in peripheral hospitals identified, namely the ageing population and rise in chronic diseases. UHC at a meso and micro level, could provide a much better rationale for scholars to evaluate the need for change, and contribute to draft more inclusive sustainable strategies.

Management Considerations for Cervical Corpectomy: Updated Indications and Future Directions.

Together, lower back and neck pain are among the leading causes of acquired disability worldwide and have experienced a marked increase over the past 25 years. Paralleled with the increasing aging population and the rise in chronic disease, this trend is only predicted to contribute to the growing global burden. In the context of cervical neck pain, this symptom is most often a manifestation of cervical degenerative disc disease (DDD). Traditionally, multilevel neck pain related to DDD that is recalcitrant to both physical and medical therapy can be treated with a procedure known as cervical corpectomy. Presently, there are many flavors of cervical corpectomy; however, the overarching goal is the removal of the pain-generating disc via the employment of the modern anterior approach. In this review, we will briefly detail the pathophysiological mechanism behind DDD, overview the development of the anterior approach, and discuss the current state of treatment options for said pathology. Furthermore, this review will also add to the current body of literature surrounding updated indications, surgical techniques, and patient outcomes related to cervical corpectomy. Finally, our discussion ends with highlighting the future direction of cervical corpectomy through the introduction of the "skip corpectomy" and distractable mesh cages.

Rise in Chronic Diseases: Will Radiology Survive?

Rise in Chronic Diseases: Will Radiology Survive?

Global Regulatory Frameworks for the Use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the Healthcare Services Sector.

The healthcare sector is faced with challenges due to a shrinking healthcare workforce and a rise in chronic diseases that are worsening with demographic and epidemiological shifts. Digital health interventions that include artificial intelligence (AI) are being identified as some of the potential solutions to these challenges. The ultimate aim of these AI systems is to improve the patient's health outcomes and satisfaction, the overall population's health, and the well-being of healthcare professionals. The applications of AI in healthcare services are vast and are expected to assist, automate, and augment several healthcare services. Like any other emerging innovation, AI in healthcare also comes with its own risks and requires regulatory controls. A review of the literature was undertaken to study the existing regulatory landscape for AI in the healthcare services sector in developed nations. In the global regulatory landscape, most of the regulations for AI revolve around Software as a Medical Device (SaMD) and are regulated under digital health products. However, it is necessary to note that the current regulations may not suffice as AI-based technologies are capable of working autonomously, adapting their algorithms, and improving their performance over time based on the new real-world data that they have encountered. Hence, a global regulatory convergence for AI in healthcare, similar to the voluntary AI code of conduct that is being developed by the US-EU Trade and Technology Council, would be beneficial to all nations, be it developing or developed.

Unlocking longevity: the role of telomeres and its targeting interventions

Average life expectancy has been steadily increasing in developed countries worldwide. These demographic changes are associated with an ever-growing social and economic strain to healthcare systems as well as society. The aging process typically manifests as a decline in physiological and cognitive functions, accompanied by a rise in chronic diseases. Consequently, strategies that both mitigate age-related diseases and promote healthy aging are urgently needed. Telomere attrition, characterized by the shortening of telomeres with each cell division, paradoxically serves as both a protective mechanism and a contributor to tissue degeneration and age-related ailments. Based on the essential role of telomere biology in aging, research efforts aim to develop approaches designed to counteract telomere attrition, aiming to delay or reduce age-related diseases. In this review, telomere biology and its role in aging and age-related diseases is summarized along with recent approaches to interfere with telomere shortening aiming at well- and healthy-aging as well as longevity. As aging research enters a new era, this review emphasizes telomere-targeting therapeutics, including telomerase activators and tankyrase inhibitors, while also exploring the effects of antioxidative and anti-inflammatory agents, along with indirectly related approaches like statins.

Reviewing the process intensification landscape through the introduction of a novel, multitiered classification for downstream processing.

A demand for process intensification in biomanufacturing has increased over the past decade due to the ever-expanding market for biopharmaceuticals. This is largely driven by factors such as a surge in biosimilars as patents expire, an aging population, and a rise in chronic diseases. With these market demands, pressure upon biomanufacturers to produce quality products with rapid turnaround escalates proportionally. Process intensification in biomanufacturing has been well received and accepted across industry based on the demonstration of its benefits of improved productivity and efficiency, while also reducing the cost of goods. However, while these benefits have been shown empirically, the challenges of adopting process intensification into industry remain, from smaller independent start-up to big pharma. Traditionally, moving from batch to a process intensification scheme has been viewed as an "all or nothing" approach involving continuous bioprocessing, in which the factors of complexity and significant capital costs hinder its adoption. In addition, the literature is crowded with a variety of terms used to describe process intensification (continuous, periodic counter-current, connected, intensified, steady-state, etc.). Often, these terms are used inappropriately or as synonyms, which generates confusion in the field. Through a detailed review of current state-of-the-art systems, consumables, and process intensification case studies, we herein propose a defined approach in the implementation of downstream process intensification through a standardized nomenclature and viewing it as distinct independent levels. These can function separately as intensified single-unit operations or be built upon by integration with other process steps allowing for simple, incremental, cost-effective implementation of process intensification in the manufacturing of biopharmaceuticals.

Unveiling the Impact and Diverse Contributions of Champions in Community Initiatives for Elderly Individuals with Chronic Conditions: An In‐Depth Examination through a Scoping Review

In response to the global rise in chronic diseases among aging populations, healthcare systems are transitioning from acute care models to community‐based interventions tailored to the diverse needs of older adults. This study aimed to explore the role of champions in implementing community‐based interventions for older adults with chronic conditions to address the gap in understanding the specific functions and impact of champions in these contexts. A scoping review methodology used a six‐stage process aligned with the Arksey and O’Malley framework. After searching across 8 databases, a total of 10 studies met all inclusion criteria. The included studies were predominantly from the United States (n = 6/10, 60%) and the United Kingdom (n = 2/10, 20%). Most studies employed quantitative methodologies (n = 6/10, 60%), describing and evaluating healthcare champion programs or investigating the quality of care for older adults. Community interventions targeted various chronic conditions (e.g., dementia) and health outcomes (e.g., medication reconciliation). Champions, ranging from 17 to 106 individuals, played diverse roles as professional healthcare providers or lay volunteers. They facilitated intervention delivery, advocated for change, participated in evaluation, and fostered collaboration within multidisciplinary teams, contributing significantly to program implementation and health information dissemination. Recognizing champions’ diverse roles, researchers and practitioners can tailor interventions to leverage their strengths and maximize their impact. Additionally, the review highlights the importance of clear definitions and operationalization of champions to ensure consistency across studies and interventions. Practitioners can use this knowledge to identify, train effectively, and support champions within their communities, ultimately enhancing the sustainability and success of interventions for older adults with chronic conditions.

Micellar delivery systems of bioactive compounds for precision nutrition.

Rapid changes in lifestyle and the increasingly hectic pace of life have led to a rise in chronic diseases, such as obesity, inflammatory bowel disease, liver disease, and cancer, posing significant threats to public health. In response to these challenges, precision nutrition (PN) has emerged as a secure and effective intervention aiming at human health and well-being. Bioactive compounds (bioactives), including carotenoids, polyphenols, vitamins, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, exhibit a range of beneficial properties, e.g., antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. These properties make them promising candidates for preventing or treating chronic diseases and promoting human health. However, bioactives might have different challenges when incorporated into food matrices and oral administration, including low water solubility, poor physiochemical stability, and low absorption efficiency. This limits them to achieve the health benefits in the body. Numerous strategies have been developed and utilized to encapsulate and deliver bioactives. Micellar delivery systems, due to their unique core-shell structure, play a pivotal role in improving the stability, solubility, and bioavailability of these bioactives. Moreover, through innovative design strategies, micellar delivery systems can be tailored to offer targeted and controlled release, thus maximizing the potential of bioactives in PN applications. This chapter reveals details about the preparation methods and properties of micelles and highlights the strategies to modulate the properties of polymeric micelles. Afterwards, the application of polymeric micelles in the delivery of bioactives and the corresponding PN, including controlled release, organ-targeting ability, and nutritional intervention for chronic disease are summarized.

Quality and performance indicators for wound management towards value-based healthcare

Outpatient services and specialized wound care clinics have become an expanding practice worldwide, which may be related to the increased life expectancy, rise in chronic diseases, favoring the occurrence of vascular and diabetic ulcers, as well as prolonging their treatment and delaying improvement. The high costs and risks associated with hospitalization lead to the patient being referred to a specialized wound center for continued treatment. The adoption of value-based healthcare models seeks cost reduction but primarily focuses on improving patient health outcomes. Its design and implementation depend on data that allows for measuring the health outcomes and costs of care for each patient and utilizing that information to drive continuous improvements. This study aims to propose quality and performance indicators for becoming a standard practice in specialized nursing services in wound care to enable the adoption of value-based healthcare models. The consultation of 19 experts through the Delphi method enabled the systematic organization of a large number of indicators identified in the literature into 8 categories and 43 specific indicators.

The Correlation Between Chronic Diseases and Gut Microbiota

Recently, understanding the function of the gut microbiome in preserving human health and its potential link to the rise in chronic diseases has attracted an obviously increase in research. The gut microbiota, which is made up of billions of different microbes and plays a critical role in many physiological processes, is a complex ecosystem that lives inside the human body. This article delves into the intricate relationship between the gut microbiome composition and chronic diseases, highlighting emerging research that sheds light on the underlying mechanisms connecting microbial dysbiosis to conditions such as hypertension, obesity and T2DM, and CVD. The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive understand of how disruptions in the gut microbial equilibrium can influence disease pathogenesis, immune responses, metabolic processes, and overall health. Furthermore, potential therapeutic strategies, including dietary interventions, probiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation, will be discussed as avenues for restoring gut microbial balance and ameliorating chronic disease outcomes.

Lessons From the Field. Chronic disease: Action for post‐pandemic wellness and health

ABSTRACTObjectiveWe aim to share practical insight acquired while implementing the Chronic Disease Self‐Management Program (CDSMP), offering strategies to reach and support diverse individuals with chronic diseases.BackgroundIn light of a global rise in chronic diseases, existing health disparities, and increasingly limited health care access, exacerbated by COVID‐19, empowering individuals through self‐management becomes important to alleviate burdens for families, individuals, and healthcare systems.MethodsUptake and effectiveness of CDSMP were quantified via enrollment data and evaluation instruments. Qualitative exploration of instructor feedback provided lessons learned.ResultsParticipation in CDSMP courses increased during the pandemic with participants reporting greater confidence and frequency of engagement in self‐management activities. Strategic efforts including partnership‐building, targeted marketing, and innovative delivery methods played a pivotal role in recruitment success. Inclusivity measures, such as use of electronic platforms and varied engagement options, broadened program accessibility. Addressing social isolation emerged as a key factor, both as an end in itself and as a motivator for course engagement and retention.ConclusionReducing barriers related to program accessibility, inclusivity, and social isolation are important factors influencing program enrollment both in total number and in diversity of participants, course engagement and retention, and program effectiveness.ImplicationsLessons learned can inform future implementation as family educators seek to uplift and improve the well‐being and health of diverse families coping with chronic diseases.

Understanding Post-Sepsis Syndrome: How Can Clinicians Help?

Sepsis is a global health challenge, with over 49 million cases annually. Recent medical advancements have increased in-hospital survival rates to approximately 80%, but the escalating incidence of sepsis, owing to an ageing population, rise in chronic diseases, and antibiotic resistance, have also increased the number of sepsis survivors. Subsequently, there is a growing prevalence of "post-sepsis syndrome" (PSS). This syndrome includes long-term physical, medical, cognitive, and psychological issues after recovering from sepsis. PSS puts survivors at risk for hospital readmission and is associated with a reduction in health- and life span, both at short and long term, after hospital discharge. Comprehensive understanding of PSS symptoms and causative factors is vital for developing optimal care for sepsis survivors, a task of prime importance for clinicians. This review aims to elucidate our current knowledge of PSS and its relevance in enhancing post-sepsis care provided by clinicians.

Multibiosensor Data Sampling and Transmission Reduction With Decision-Making for Remote Patient Monitoring in IoMT Networks

The rise in chronic diseases and the aging of the population led to an increase in the demand for remote healthcare systems that employ biosensors to monitor people’s health status. The increasing need for these automated systems has led to the emergence of the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) networks. In the IoMT networks, the biosensor devices collect vital signs and transmit them to the gateway for further analysis and fusion. In light of the limited biosensor device resources (power, storage, and computation) and the periodical transmission of a large amount of data, it is necessary to optimize the transmission of data in order to conserve power while maintaining data quality at the gateway. Also, it became important to have a decision-making-based machine learning model at the gateway to evaluate a patient’s health and make a quick, accurate decision in case of an emergency. This paper proposes Multibiosensor Data Sampling and Transmission Reduction with Decision-making (MuDaSaTReD) for Remote Patient Monitoring in the IoMTs Networks. The MuDaSaTReD achieves this goal on two levels: biosensors and a fog gateway. It uses an Energy-saving Lightweight Data Transmission (ELiDaT) algorithm to get rid of the repeated data and then adapts the sampling rate of each biosensor using an Adaptive Data Sampling (ADaS) algorithm. The MuDaFuDeC implements the machine learning model at the fog gateway to learn and decide the situation of the patient according to the received data from the biosensors. The performance evaluation shows that the MuDaFuDeC outperforms other approaches in terms of the data reduction percentage and energy consumption. It keeps a good representation of all the scores at the fog gateway and makes automated, fast, and accurate decisions based on the patient’s condition.

Multiple Disease Prediction System

In recent years, the rise of chronic diseases and health problems has created a pressing need for accurate and efficient disease prediction. The Corona virus pandemic further highlighted the importance of early disease detection and giving importance to early signs of symptoms. Further, many people experience symptoms of illnesses but are unsure about what disease or condition they might have. This uncertainty can lead to anxiety and stress, and sometimes people may delay seeking medical help until their symptoms worsen. Additionally, some people may not have easy access to health care services and facilities or may not want to visit a healthcare facility for various reasons. Taking all these factors into consideration, this paper proposes a multiple disease prediction system that allows users to enter their symptoms and get an indication of what they might be experiencing. The system facilitates early disease detection. Machine learning algorithms are utilized to analyze a symptom dataset which has hundreds of symptoms combinations for each disease. After training and development of machine learning models, they have been in corporate into a Stream lit application.

An Experimental Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Video Assisted Teaching on Knowledge Regarding Early Sign & First aid Management of Cardiac Symptoms among General Population of Rohtas, Bihar

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. The prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD), a major contributor to CVD, is related to the increasing Prevalence of modifiable risk factors, previous studies identified diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity and sedentary lifestyle as risk factors. However, certain risk factors may predominate in certain regions. Smoking is the main determinant of ischemic heart disease (IHD) amongst the East Indians of Bangalore, India and populations of certain Arab countries. India is also experiencing a large rise in chronic diseases, especially heart disease, stroke and diabetes. Cardiovascular disease will be the largest cause of death and disability by 2020 in India. It has been forecasted that 2.6 million people will die from coronary heart disease, which constitutes 54% of all cardiovascular disease deaths. AIM: To evaluate the effectiveness of video assisted teaching on knowledge regarding early sign & first aid management of cardiac symptoms among general population of Rohtas, Bihar METHODOLOGY: The Experimental research is conducted using group pre-test and post-test design at Karkatpur, Akhorigola, Rohtas, Bihar from 6/02/2023 to 11/02/2023. A self-structured questionnaire tool was used to assess the knowledge regarding early sign & first aid management of cardiac symptoms among 60 general population by adopting random sampling technique. Pre-test is conducted by using questionnaire tool and immediately after pre-test video assisted teaching programme was implemented. Just after the implementation of video, post-test was conducted by using same questionnaire tool. The results were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistical. RESULTS: The present study was aimed at assessing the effectiveness of video assisted teaching on knowledge regarding early sign and first aid management of cardiac symptoms among general population Akhorigola, Bihar. The relevant data was collected statistically based on objectives of the study. There are 60 participants. Before intervention in pre-test about early sign (10%) has good knowledge, (50%) has moderate knowledge and (40%) has poor knowledge. Whereas about first aid management (5%) has good knowledge, (70) has moderate knowledge and (25%) has poor knowledge. After intervention there is increase in knowledge about both early sign and first aid management. In post-test (88%) has good knowledge, (12%) has average knowledge and (0%) has poor knowledge about early sign. Whereas (66.7%) has good knowledge, (30%) has average knowledge and (3.3%) has poor knowledge regarding first aid management. CONCLUSION: At last as a researcher we concluded that there is increase in knowledge regarding early sign and first aid management of cardiac disease after video assisted teaching and there is no any correlation between both the variable early sign and first aid management. There is no association.

Differentiating Lumbar Spinal Etiology from Peripheral Plexopathies

Clinicians have managed and treated lower back pain since the earliest days of practice. Historically, lower back pain and its accompanying symptoms of radiating leg pain and muscle weakness have been recognized to be due to any of the various lumbar spine pathologies that lead to the compression of the lumbar nerves at the root, the most common of which is the radiculopathy known as sciatica. More recently, however, with the increased rise in chronic diseases, the importance of differentially diagnosing a similarly presenting pathology, known as lumbosacral plexopathy, cannot be understated. Given the similar clinical presentation of lumbar spine pathologies and lumbosacral plexopathies, it can be difficult to differentiate these two diagnoses in the clinical setting. Resultingly, the inappropriate diagnosis of either pathology can result in ineffective clinical management. Thus, this review aims to aid in the clinical differentiation between lumbar spine pathology and lumbosacral plexopathy. Specifically, this paper delves into spine and plexus anatomy, delineates the clinical assessment of both pathologies, and highlights powerful diagnostic tools in the hopes of bolstering appropriate diagnosis and treatment. Lastly, this review will describe emerging treatment options for both pathologies in the preclinical and clinical realms, with a special emphasis on regenerative nerve therapies.