Ripple Tank Research Articles

Compressive sensing imaging with periodic perturbation induced caustic lens masks in a ripple tank

Terahertz imaging presents immense potential across many fields but the affordability of multiple-pixel imaging equipment remains a challenge for many researchers. To address this, the adoption of single-pixel imaging emerges as a lower-cost option, however, the data acquisition process necessary for reconstructing images is time-intensive. Compressive Sensing, which allows for generation of images using a reduced number of measurements than Nyquist's theorem demands, presents a promising solution but long processing times are still issue particularly large-sized images. Our proposed solution to this issue involves using caustic lens effect induced by perturbations in a ripple tank as a sampling mask. The dynamic nature of the ripple tank introduces randomness into the sampling process and this reduces measurement time by exploiting the inherent sparsity of THz band signals. This work employed Convolutional Neural Network to perform target classification based on the distinct signal patterns acquired through the caustic lens mask. The proposed classifier achieved 99.22% accuracy rate in distinguishing targets shaped like Latin letters. The controlled randomness introduced by the caustic lens mask is believed to play a crucial role in achieving this high accuracy by mitigating overfitting, a common challenge in machine learning.

Doppler effect in the ripple tank: further experiments with a moving source

In this paper, we extend some recent works about the Doppler effect in surface waves on water. We improve the experimental set up by exploring several situations: source in motion with constant velocity and receiver at rest, source at rest and receiver in motion with constant velocity, as well as both source and receiver in motion. Thereby we produce fractional frequency changes of the order of 40%–50%, far larger than those obtained by more traditional sound experiments. The experimental setup, the data collection and the data analysis also allow to highlight some aspects relevant from a didactic point of view, in particular, the experimental results clearly show the nonlinearity of the Doppler shift with the moving source velocity.

A low cost ripple tank experiment with 3D printed components and an Arduino control unit

In this article we present a ripple tank with 3D printed components including a control unit with Arduino microcontroller that can be inexpensively replicated. With the presented setup, experiments such as Huygens’ principle, diffraction, and the double-slit experiment according to Young are possible. Due to the simple operability and the comparatively low price, the experiments can be carried out easily and quickly by the learners themselves.

Analysis of submerged breakwater models using ripple tank

A breakwater is an infrastructure that functions to dampen wave energy. To secure the area directly adjacent to the coast, an effective breakwater model is needed based on the analysis of the dissipation coefficient value ( ). This study aims to determine a good breaker model based on the value using a ripple tank. The data analyzed were wave heights before and after passing through the breakwaters of the three concrete models whose arrangement was varied. The results showed that the breaker model that is effective in reducing wave energy is the Grooved cube model with holes arranged horizontally based on the resulting small reflection coefficient ( ) and transmission coefficient ( ) values and large values

Pemanfaatan Tangki Riak Untuk Mengukur Kecepatan Rambat Gelombang Permukaan Air

The study intends to investigate the relationship between wavelength and frequency to calculate the speed of propagating waves on the water's surface. The researchers used a ripple tank to collect data by recording the pendulum's movement as well as the image of the ripples on the water's surface. The data is then analyzed with the Tracker application. The wavelength is determined by analyzing the recorded ripple shadows with the Tracker application. The Tracker application is used to analyze the recorded pendulum movement to obtain data on the period of vibration and calculate the frequency of the vibrations. The average surface wave velocity at a pendulum length of 10 cm is 3.38 10-2 m/s. In addition, for a 30 cm pendulum length, an average surface wave speed of 3.26 10-2 m/s is obtained.

Development of Learning Media for Wave Ripple Tanks with the Implementation of Guided Inquiry Models on Students' Mastery of Concepts and Scientific Creativity

The purpose of this study was to develop learning media for wave ripple tanks with the implementation of guided inquiry models on the conceptualization and creativity of students in physics subjects in class XI with the material of mechanical wave characteristics. The wave ripple tank learning media is used as a tool in the learning process that can improve students' mastery of concepts and creativity. This study uses the Research and Development method with a 4D design (Define, Design, Development, Disseminate). At the defining stage, the initial analysis was carried out, namely examining the background behind the emergence of researchers' ideas. The design stage is carried out by designing the wave ripple tank learning media with the implementation of guided inquiry models. The development stage is a development activity as well as an assessment of the experts which includes the validation test of the development results of the device, media ripple tank learning, and assessment instruments. The last stage is the dissemination stage, where the results of this study are distributed to schools to be used as a model that can be used

Interference of Two Point Sources Using Smartphones

A simple experimental setup using a smartphone and a pair of speakers is presented to perform an accurate experiment on interference of two point sources. The proposed experiment allows simple but interesting measurements to be done to introduce students to interference and diffraction phenomena. As such, the experiment effectively introduces the classical Young’s double-slit interference experiment, and can be used as a replacement for the classical ripple tank.

Development of Physics Learning Media based on Guided Inquiry Model to Improve Students' Concepts Mastery and Creativity

This study aims to develop learning media based on guided inquiry models to improve students' concepts mastery and creativity in physics learning in senior high schools. The learning media in question is a ripple tank to explain the characteristics of a mechanical wave. Development research with the 4D model (define, design, development, dissemination) was conducted in this study, where the learning media developed met the criteria of validity, practicality, and effectiveness in improving students' concepts mastery and creativity. Evaluation of the learning media validity is carried out through a validation mechanism where the media is validated by 3 validators (media experts), while evaluation of the practicality and effectiveness of learning media through its implementation in class involves students in two schools in Mataram City - Indonesia. The results of the study show that the learning media with the guided inquiry model are valid, practical, and effective in improving students' concepts mastery and creativity in learning physics. The results of further studies are described in this article

Wave Reflections in a Circular Ripple Tank

Although ripple tanks have been used in the past to perform wave simulations for electromagnetic and acoustic phenomena, especially before the advent of computers, they are still often used to demonstrate wave propagation in high school and college physics classrooms. Usually ripple tanks have a rectangular shape. The wave propagating through the tank interacts with smaller slits, reflecting surfaces, and similar objects. Sophisticated circular ripple tanks have been built in the past, but their main purpose was for the study of wave phenomena in rotating systems. John Fleming in his book describes an elliptical ripple tank, but it is not clear if he actually built one. He discusses the possibility of generating a wave at one of the focal points of an ellipse and focusing it at the other.

Analysis of interference patterns using a simplified ripple tank, a smartphone camera and Tracker

This paper presents a thorough method for studying the interference of water waves. The study aimed: (a) to demonstrate the interaction of two coherent waves, which creates interference patterns, and (b) to analyse the interference patterns. Three main tools were employed: a simplified ripple tank to experiment, a smartphone camera to record the experiment, and Tracker to quantify the experiment video. The quantification was designed to investigate experimental measurement, asymptotic approximation and linear approximation of the interference patterns. The results showed that the demonstration was impressive in that the interference patterns were appealingly depicted in the video recording. The quantification was highly accurate, with an error of about 3%. The investigation indicated that the measured values agreed with the asymptotic prediction throughout the entire range, with errors of about 3%. Errors between the measured values and linear approximation dramatically increased from the fourth pattern. The findings caution teaching and learning against using the linear approximation for predicting interference patterns of water waves. In conclusion, this study exposes implications for teaching and learning interference phenomena comprehensively.

Using a simplified ripple tank and video analysis to visualise and quantify the Doppler effect

This study presents an experimental method that illustrates and quantifies the Doppler-effect phenomenon. Two stages of the experimental process were carried out. First, a simplified ripple tank was used to depict the Doppler effect, and the whole experiment was recorded by a digital camera. Second, video analyses of the recorded experiment were conducted to quantify the Doppler effect. The experiment showed (a) that the Doppler-shift waves can be visualised clearly using the simplified ripple tank, and (b) that the observed number of waves in such an experiment is consistent with the theoretically expected number, with an error rate of less than 5%. This study proves that using a video-recorded ripple tank experiment to teach and learn the phenomenon of the Doppler effect can be highly efficient, because the method provides clear visualisation and accurate quantification of the Doppler effect.

Development of Science Teachers’ PCK About Waves Through Training in the Use of the Ripple Tank Apparatus

This study investigated the effect of in-service training in the use of the ripple tank equipment on science teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) about the topic of waves. Three Grade 10 Physical Sciences teachers participated in this qualitative case study. The Refined Consensus Model informed the conceptual framework of this study, considering PCK at a topic level within each of the three realms of PCK. The training exposed teachers to the collective realm of PCK with the intention of developing their personal PCK about the topic. Teachers’ personal PCK was explored by means of written Content Representations before as well as after the training. After the training, teachers’ enacted PCK was observed and video-recorded while teaching the topic of waves to their learners. Pedagogical reasoning was elicited through video stimulated recall interviews. The post-training interviews also provided insight into participants’ general views about the in-service training. The results show that the participants’ personal PCK improved and that some of the content and skills taught during in-service training were utilized in the enacted PCK of two of the participants, particularly regarding conceptual teaching strategies. Least improvement occurred for the component of teachers’ knowledge of learners’ understanding. We found evidence that teachers’ beliefs influence their pedagogical reasoning, acting as amplifiers and filters to translate newly acquired personal PCK into enacted PCK: teachers who prioritise hands-on experiences and teaching for understanding as opposed to rote learning are more receptive to training in the use of apparatus. The study therefore shows that training in the use of the ripple tank equipment improved in unique ways each of the teachers’ PCK about waves.

The effect of dishwashing detergent in the ripple tank

The effect of dishwashing detergent in the ripple tank

Pengembangan Alat Peraga Bak Simulasi Riak Gelombang pada Materi Gelombang untuk Peserta Didik SMA/MA

This research aims to develop physics learning media in the form of ripple tank on wave subject. One of the problems in education is the lack of facilities and infrastructure, so teachers are required to be creative in improving learning quality in the classroom, such as making props as one of the learning media. One of the interesting learning media that can overcome students’ boredom in learning is through props-making based learning. The method used in this study is research and development. The type of research used is the 4D model. The data in this study were collected in the form of a questionnaire given to content experts, media experts, teachers and 10th-grade students. The type of data generated is qualitative and quantitative data to determine the accuracy of the products, so that, it can produce physics learning media in the form of props that is valid for use based on the assessment of the content expert validator and the media expert validator with very accurate categories, and based on the assessment from teachers and students got scores with very interesting categories. This shows that the product developed can be used in learning to facilitate students in understanding wave subject.

Analysis of The Properties and Quick of Wave Creation on A Simple Ripple Tank Using Frequency Sensors

Practicum is one of the effective methods for students in learning Natural Sciences (IPA), especially Physics subjects. The purpose of the practicum is to make it easier for students to understand concepts and help explain physics concepts that cannot be observed directly by the eye. The 2013 curriculum demands physics learning to integrate various concepts, so that students have a thorough understanding of a phenomenon. This study aims to determine the effect of spring strain and tube length on the speed of propagation and wavelength. Ripple tank experiments that currently exist, only calculate variations in fluid height, gap size, vibrator frequency, and so on. The method used in this research is experimental, for the components used consist of a set of simple ripple tank tools and frequency sensors. The analytical technique used in this research is descriptive quantitative. The highest and lowest frequencies produced from the small tube were 20 Hz (l=70 cm; = 0.04 cm) and 1 Hz (l=5 cm; = 4.30 cm). The highest and lowest frequencies obtained from the large tube were 52 Hz (l=70 cm; = 0.05 cm) and 3 Hz (l=5 cm; = 4.95 cm). The highest and lowest wave propagation velocities produced by the small tube are 4.3 cm/s (l=5 cm) and 0.89 cm/s (l=70 cm). The highest and lowest wave propagation velocities produced by the large tube are 9.87 cm/s (l=5 cm) and 2.69 (l=70 cm). Based on the results of the study, it was shown that the greater the spring strain, the higher the frequency, the wavelength and the speed of wave propagation.©2019 JNSMR UIN Walisongo. All rights reserved.

Surface Water Wave Topography Construction using Free Surface Synthetic Schlieren Method for Demonstration of Ripple Tank Wave Phenomena

The ripple tank is a popular water wave phenomena demonstration tool for secondary school students. The projected wave images are observed in bright - dark patterns on a screen. This tool, however, falls short in presenting the amplitude of the waves which is another important parameter in explaining the wave phenomena. The free surface synthetic schlieren (FS-SS) method presents an immense technical tool for solving this problem. FS-SS is an optical method based on light refraction in determining the surface gradient field from the motion of a random dot pattern when the water surface is perturbed. The surface height of the wave is constructed using the inverse gradient operation on the displacement gradient field of the random dot pattern. In this work, Wave propagation, reflection, diffraction, and interference pattern surface construction were performed to visualize wave phenomena in 3D.

Demonstration of synthetic aperture sonar or radar using shallow water waves in a ripple tank with small cylindrical targets

In an ideal stripmap synthetic aperture radar SAR or synthetic aperture sonar SAS experiment, a collocated transmitter and receiver array, respectively, generate a linear frequency modulated LFM pulse chirp that (1) reflects off of point-like targets that are placed along a smooth surface in the x,y plane and (2) receives backscattered echoes off the targets. The array (located a height h from the surface) may be towed (SAS) or flown (SAR), or in some airborne acoustic applications placed on a vehicle or track. In the stop and hop approximation waves are transmitted and then echoes vs. times are received and recorded at a point location along the track. At discrete locations along the track a set of N echoes are recorded which are pulse compressed using a correlation process. Using a time correlation backprojection algorithm the echoes are used to predict an image of the targets, namely the two-dimension reflectance f(x,y). Using a ripple tank, point-like spherical pulses are generated at locations guided...

M for MAN RAY

Abstract How Mama met Dada. A double image, a double identity; an enigmatic face as a two-source interference pattern in a ripple tank. A furry moire and a radiant gaze (Man rays? Fay rays?);a coy wave, a fetching hat,constructed and destroyed, disguised and revealed, depending on your perspective. ‘Lovingly Rrose Selavy alias Marcel Duchamp,’ 1921, by Man Ray.

An old experiment revisited: the Doppler effect in a ripple tank

Studying waves on a water surface, in this paper we present an approach to the Doppler effect that enables students to not only perceive it qualitatively, but also to construct experimentally the well known quantitative relations, which are usually introduced in a rather formal way. The interpretation of these relations is then obtained and discussed exploiting space–time diagrams, whose role is emphasized especially in view of extending this approach to phenomena involving light.

Wave physics of the graphene lattice emulated in a ripple tank

Using the example of graphene, we have extended the classic ripple tank experiment to illustrate the behavior of waves in periodic lattices. A loudspeaker driving air through a periodically perforated plate onto the tank's water surface creates wave patterns that are in agreement with numerical simulations and are explained in terms of solid state theory. From an educational point of view, the experiment provides an illustrative example of the concepts of reciprocal space and symmetry.