The collection of the Museo de Entomologia y Biodiversidad Tropical (formerly the Entomology Museum) at the Agricultural Experiment Station (AES) of the University of Puerto Rico is the largest depository of insects in Puerto Rico (Santiago-Blay et al. in prep.). The collection harbors more than 200,000 specimens, mostly from Puerto Rico, in its main collection at Rio Piedras (not to be confused with the Rio Piedras Campus of the University of Puerto Rico that also houses significant biological collections) and some additional holdings in the Isabela (approximately 5,000 insects of agricultural importance and 1,200 identified Acari). The collection was started in 1910 by D. L. Van Dine, W. V. Tower, E. G. Smyth, C. E. Hood, and G. N. Wolcott, all entomologists working with sugarcane in Puerto Rico (Cook and Otero 1937). Following the successful control of insect pests in major commodities in the continental United States, great emphasis was placed in solving practical agricultural problems caused by insects, such as sugarcane white grubs, Diaprepes abbreviatus (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), and Phyllophaga spp. (Coleoptera: Scarabeidae), in the Island. Some examples of biological control that influenced research activities in Puerto Rican agricultural entomology were: 1) the cottony cushion scale (Icerya purchasi Mask., Homoptera: Margarodidae) in California oranges controlled by Rhodolia cardinalis Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and Cryptochaetum iceryae Williston (Diptera: Cryptochaetidae) in the late 1880s), and 2) the sugarcane leafhopper (Perkinsiella saccharicida Kirkaldy, Homoptera: Cicadellidae) in Hawaii controlled by several parasites, of which Paranagrus optabilis Perkins (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) was perhaps the most important (Perkins and Kirkaldy 1907). These are interesting cases in the history and interactions between science, agribusiness, government, and the general public in Puerto Rico. Since 1910, the main collection has been housed in several locations within the Biology Building at the AES in Rio Piedras, expanded, and kept as a research tool. One of the unique aspects of this collection is the detailed accession number catalog that cross-references about 85% of the pinned specimens with additional biological data. The efforts of dedicated researchers, such as George N. Wolcott, Luis F. Martorell, Jose Garcia Tuduri, Silverio Medina Gaud, Niilo Virkki, and many others contributed to the collection's maintenance and development. The collection has had some teaching functions and has been used to identify insects for the public. Since November 1996, the collection has been located on the east wing of the Edificio de Agronomia (Agronomy Building) in front of the Biology Building, and it was officially inaugurated on May 9, 1997. In addition to its space devoted to research