Righteous Anger Research Articles

Verbal Emotional Disclosure of Moral Injury in Holodomor Survivors

Objectives. The purpose of the current research is to define and operationalize moral injury based on moral standards, moral judgements, moral reasoning, moral emotions, moral behaviour, and moral consequences; to explore verbal emotional disclosure of moral injury in Holodomor survivors’ narratives.
 Materials & Methods. The study applies traumatic narratives of 42 survivors of the Holodomor of 1932–1933 in Ukraine. Main themes aligned with morality structure were captured, using software tool NVivo.12. The study uses LIWC2015 to search for psychological meaningful categories, notably anxiety, anger, sadness, and insights (deep comprehension). The research uses the cross-sectional design utilizing the independent variables of anxiety, anger, insights and dependent variable of moral emotions represented in narratives for multiple linear regression analysis and correlations (2-tailed Pearson r) between components of morality, anxiety, sadness and insights, SPSS. 26.
 Results. There is a high frequency of moral judgements and a low frequency of moral emotions and moral consequences in the narratives. A significant positive correlation was found between moral standards and other components of morality, in particular moral judgements, moral reasoning, moral consequences, anxiety, sadness and insight. There was a significant positive correlation between moral emotions and anger, and insight. Anxiety, insights and anger taken together are significant predictors of moral emotions, however, only anger is a robust significant independent predictor of moral emotions.
 Conclusions. Verbal emotional disclosure of traumatic experience relates to expressing righteous anger, contempt, disgust, decreased empathy, and embarrassment, which substitute other moral emotions, notably shame and guilt. The study contributes to our understanding of anxiety, anger, insights (deep comprehension) taken together as robust predictors of moral emotions. Finally, we captured that there are difficulties in verbal emotional disclosure of experience and moral consequences of the Holodomor, since Holodomor survivors predominantly focus on moral judgements and moral standards.

In Praise of Indignation

As a survivor of interpersonal violence and expert in recovery from relational abuse, I instinctively reacted with indignation when I recognized Trump as an abusive personality. Indignation advocates righteous anger in opposition to immoral, disgusting, or unfair behavior aimed at reducing the dignity of others. Accessing indignation to confront abusers is essential for the health of interpersonal relationships. In the same way, I had a moral obligation to be a truth-teller about Trump in service of the country. Prosocial emotions help manage antisocial behaviors universally judged as nonreciprocal. When Trump’s mental health was first discussed, I predicted it would be frustrating, because the medical model of psychiatry has lost its way in many regards, notably its disavowal of the role of emotions. Evolution designed emotions as essential guides for healthy human relationships. A case formulation model I designed advocates identifying those like Trump as other-blamers—people with low self-worth who manage shame and social downranking by blame-shifting. They are attracted to partners with low self-worth who readily accept blame ( self-blamers). The profession should educate on the power of shame, the widespread harms of narcissistic abuse, and help clients access indignation and assertiveness. Moral elements should be reintegrated into psychology.

FORGIVENESS, EMPATHY AND VULNERABILITY

This article traces the development of Pamela Sue Anderson’s thought about the nature of forgiveness through six papers that she wrote, published between 2001 and 2017. Throughout the period she was in conversation with Paul S. Fiddes on the theme, some of which appears explicitly in her published work, and the article aims to re-create and renew the conversation. Successively in her papers, Anderson presents forgiveness as a struggle with justice (alternatively, the place for the struggle of love with justice), associates it with promise and yearning in making a new future, regards it as “unselfing,” affirms that it exceeds distributive justice, portrays it as an object of hope, finds difficulties in locating it in the practice of Restorative Justice, and finally relates it to vulnerability. Throughout she urges that forgiveness must not undermine the self-worth and the righteous anger of the abused, especially women, so that time and space must be given for a process of cognitive and emotional transformation to happen. While an increasing mutual convergence develops between her view of a “process” and Fiddes’s more theological view of a “journey of forgiveness” (involving divine empathy with humanity), the conversation remains unfinished.

Jonathan Coe: Contemporary British Satire by Philip Tew

 Reviews Ted Hughes in Context, Terry Gifford writes that ‘No single scholar could know all that Hughes knew or even have read all that Hughes had read during his sixty-eight years’ (p. xv). e task of contextualizing him, then, is a somewhat daunting one. But Gifford himself, a leading authority on Hughes, is best placed to take on this task, and the contributions he has gathered do an excellent job of assembling a jigsaw of Hughesian contexts. Ted Hughes in Context represents a vital resource for two main reasons. e first is its usefulness: the volume comprises thirty-six short essays (generally around ten pages each in length), covering a wide range of topics and written with clarity by contributors including junior and senior scholars, archivists, and Hughes obsessives. Individual sections and chapters have been given plain, unfussy titles: ‘Literary Contexts’, ‘Biographical Contexts’, ‘Hughes and Religion’, ‘Hughes and War’. Students and scholars of Hughes’s work, therefore, now have an obvious first port of call, whether they require an overview of Hughes’s work or a starting point for a particular aspect of it. All of the expected topics are covered in concise and engaging chapters summarizing areas of study that have filled entire monographs: ‘Hughes and Nature’, ‘Hughes and Plath’, ‘Hughes and Yorkshire’, and so on. But the volume does much more than digest existing Hughes scholarship. A significant number of chapters present new takes on this writer, reflecting some of the most up-to-date Hughes scholarship, and suggesting future lines of enquiry. A fascinating essay by Carrie Smith, for instance, theorizes Hughes’s literal and poetic voice, while Joanny Moulin’s chapter ‘Hughes as Correspondent’ finally pays some attention to the writer’s letters, which powered so much of his thinking and which underpin so much of the research on display elsewhere in this volume. e cover of Ted Hughes in Context features a remarkable photograph of the author. Taken in  by Tony Othen, and only recently rediscovered, it shows an unusual hand gesture that competes for the viewer’s attention with Hughes’s candid stare. Identified by one scholar as a mano fico—intended to ward off the evil eye—the gesture reveals Hughes’s interest in the occult, another of the major preoccupations explored in this invaluable contribution to Hughes studies. U  H J U Jonathan Coe: Contemporary British Satire. Ed. by P T. London: Bloomsbury . . xiv+ pp. £.. ISBN ––––. Jonathan Coe’s twelve novels have earned him healthy sales, sympathetic reviews, and an appreciative readership. He picked up the Prix du Meilleur Livre Étranger in  and the Prix Médicis Étranger in ; he was made Chevalier of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres in  and a member of the Royal Society of Literature in ; his best-known work, What a Carve Up! (), has been described as ‘[u]nquestionably the most significant novel about the effects of atcherism’ (Dominic Head, e Cambridge Introduction to Modern British Fiction, – (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ), p. ). However, despite being MLR, .,   garlanded with accolades that would make him the envy of many other purveyors of contemporary fiction, Coe continues to occupy a slightly uncertain place in the field of contemporary fiction studies. Philip Tew’s new collection, which comprises twelve original essays plus a new interview with the author, opens with the editor wondering ‘why on earth [Coe] is not more celebrated and does not feature far more on the academic curriculum’ (pp. xi–xii). Covering Coe’s fiction from e Accidental Woman () to Number  (), this collection (appearing a few months before Coe’s Brexit novel, Middle England ()) will remind long-time fans about what there is to admire and enjoy in his work: its painfully sympathetic observational humour; its cast of sensitive underachievers whose lives are poignantly sabotaged by their own ‘precautionary timidity’ (p. xii); its nostalgic feel for the pop-cultural minutiae of a given decade; its approachable experimentalism (Coe does elaborate things with narrative temporality and point of view, but never in such a way as to bamboozle or alienate); its bracing flashes of righteous political anger. Although this is not a forcefully evaluative book—its contributors are not...

Vigilante rituals theory: A cultural explanation of vigilante violence

This contribution offers a new theory of vigilante violence: vigilante rituals theory. We argue that vigilante violence originates from fear, righteous anger, and retaliatory punitive desire that stems from violations of moral imperatives, which are Durkheimian sacred values. We argue that morally outraged people transform their fear and anger into violent action through mobilization and bodily alignment in vigilante rituals. These rituals can restore the integrity of moral imperatives and generate the unity of the in-group. Further, we propose the following variable socio-legal conditions that affect the likelihood for vigilante rituals to occur: legal legitimacy, an exposure to violence, and authorities’ encouragement of (violent) self-help. We conclude by noting how the theory advances prevailing explanations and how it can be used in future empirical research.

Rome's Holy Mountain: The Capitoline Hill in Late Antiquity by Jason Moralee

Reviewed by: Rome's Holy Mountain: The Capitoline Hill in Late Antiquity by Jason Moralee Raymond Van Dam Jason Moralee. Rome's Holy Mountain: The Capitoline Hill in Late Antiquity. Oxford Studies in Late Antiquity. New York: Oxford University Press, 2018. Pp. xxv, 278. $74.00. ISBN 978-0-19-049227-4. The symbolic high point of ancient Rome was the Capitoline Hill, crowned with the great Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus. In Vergil's Aeneid the hero had been granted a glimpse of the glorious future of the site, "once bristling with woodland thickets, but now golden." For centuries the hill and the temple would represent the power and the eternity of the Roman empire. Then, after the collapse of empire, the challenge of Christianity, and the incessant conflicts among medieval states, it became difficult to conjure up that shiny past. In the fifteenth century the antiquarian Poggio Bracciolini mourned the reversal of fortune for the hill and its monuments, "once golden, but now returned to thickets and brambles." In the past the hill had been a caput, the head of the empire; now, Poggio lamented, it had become, literally, the bottom, spattered with poop (12). Jason Moralee's book about the "Temple Mount" of Rome is another sterling contribution to the recent interest in memory studies among classicists and ancient historians. The coverage of his book stretches from the early Roman Republic to the Renaissance, with an emphasis on late antiquity. Part of his narrative is the physical transformation of the Capitoline Hill, with the construction and deconstruction of buildings, monuments, administrative offices, and residential neighborhoods. But his primary concern is the accompanying cognitive transformation. The hill was not simply a place, but also a hermeneutics, "a way of representing and critiquing the exercise of social power, the morality of rulers, the authority of divine forces, and the failures of the state" (121). The discussion of so many topics and themes is often split among various chapters and therefore sometimes a bit jumbled. One important topic is the significance of processions. In the Republic and the early empire, ascending the hill to sacrifice at the Temple of Jupiter was the culmination of triumphal parades and [End Page 371] ceremonies of investiture: for a moment the victorious emperors were kings of the mountain. By the early fourth century, however, emperors stopped climbing the hill, and in the culture wars between Christians and pagans Constantine would be denounced for abandoning the Capitol. When Christian emperors visited, the routes of their public processions instead included the Church of St. Peter. Another important topic is the transition from temples to churches. In Moralee's evocative summation, "the old temples of the Roman world were like decommissioned nuclear power reactors: they were systematically closed, cleaned up of contaminants, and eventually demolished" (62). Christian apologists were only too happy to classify the earlier destructions of the Temple of Jupiter as examples of "the Christian God's righteous anger" (183). In late antiquity the agents of that divine wrath were barbarians and Greeks. In the mid-fifth century the king of the Vandals sailed away with half of the gilded roof tiles from the temple; in the later sixth century the first church was established on the hill, whose founder Moralee argues to have been Narses, Justinian's general in Italy. By then the Capitoline Hill was becoming a Christian heritage site (102). It was also incorporated into "a new Christian history of the Roman people" (140). According to this alternative perspective, for centuries the ancient gods had been asleep or ineffective. In 390 b.c. only the honking of a goose had saved the hill from being captured by the Gauls; in 410 a.d. the Goths had sacked the city. These disasters confirmed that the most reliable sanctuaries were now the shrines of the apostles Peter and Paul. In this "triumphalist Christian memory culture" (139) the only triumphs worth celebrating on the hill commemorated the victories of saints and martyrs. Already in antiquity remembering the Capitoline Hill and the Temple of Jupiter was a powerful way of rewriting history, and Moralee's book is itself a splendid evocation of this Capitole imaginaire. Another...

France’s #Nuit Debout Social Movement: Young People Rising up and Moral Emotions

Set against a backdrop of austerity and neoliberal policies affecting many young people adversely, the Nuit Debout protest movement in France began in March 2016 when people gathered in public spaces to oppose the Socialist government’s plan to introduce neoliberal labour legislation. Like other post-2008 movements, Nuit Debout was leaderless, non-hierarchical, and relied on social media for political communication and to mobilise participants. The Nuit Debout was also a movement inspired by powerful moral-political emotions such as righteous anger and hope. In this article, the authors address two questions. First, what features of Nuit Debout distinguished it from earlier social movements in France? Second, what role did moral emotions play in mobilising people to act as they did? Drawing on interviews with young protestors and their own testimonies, we argue that Nuit Debout was a distinctive form of protest for France. One distinguishing feature was the way young people—the “precarious generation”—were motivated by a strong sense of situated injustice, much of which related to what they saw as the unfairness of austerity policies, being deprived of a decent future and the feeling they had been betrayed by governments.

Just under the Clouds by Melissa Sarno

Reviewed by: Just under the Clouds by Melissa Sarno Karen Coats Sarno, Melissa Just under the Clouds. Knopf, 2018 [240p] Library ed. ISBN 978-1-5247-2009-4 $19.99 Trade ed. ISBN 978-1-5247-2008-7 $16.99 E-book ed. ISBN 978-1-5247-2010-0 $10.99 Reviewed from galleys Ad Gr. 4-7 Life has not been easy for twelve-year-old Cora: her father died six years ago, she’s charged with the after-school care of her ten-year-old sister, Adare, who has mental challenges resulting from oxygen deprivation at birth, and she and her mother and sister are living in a homeless shelter. When their room at the homeless shelter is broken into, their mother takes them to the swanky apartment of her friend Willa. Cora’s mother wants to move on to a new social services placement, but Cora loves the stability and comforts of the apartment. Meanwhile, Cora struggles to keep her father’s memory alive, negotiate a new friendship, keep Adare safe, and define for herself what she means by home. Despite the trim page count, the pace of this atmospheric debut novel lags, giving over too much narrative space to Cora’s adultish ruminations about trees in honor of her father, who was a professional gardener. As a result, not much happens in terms of plot until Adare goes missing for a few hours when Cora claims a little alone time. The issue of Mom’s leaning too much on Cora is not fully resolved, however, and the sympathy generated for the family’s homelessness and Adare’s neurodiversity may well be overshadowed by righteous anger at their mother’s choices. Cora’s empathy for her sister, on the other hand, does grow throughout the novel, offering middle-graders food for thought on how to see through the eyes of those whose communication skills prevent them from expressing their needs. Copyright © 2018 The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois

Self-enhancement, righteous anger, and moral grandiosity

Do people self-enhance by dwelling in righteous anger in an effort to preserve their self-views as pillars of morality? We addressed this question in two experiments. Participants read a story about an injustice (experiencing righteous anger) or grocery shopping (experiencing neutral emotion), indicated their interest in reading injustice-relevant or happiness-relevant newspaper articles, and rated themselves on moral and agentic traits. Participants who experienced righteous anger (vs. neutral emotion) maintained their anger (i.e., exhibited stronger interest in reading injustice- than happiness-relevant articles) and rated themselves more positively on moral, but not on agentic, traits. Furthermore, anger maintenance mediated the effect of righteous anger on moral grandiosity. The findings illustrate tactical self-enhancement: the instrumental use of one’s negative emotions for self-enhancement purposes.

The Iconic American Western in Film and Literature

This essay examines representative stories of the American Western genre in both film and literature in light of various literary influences, including The Bible and classical epics such as Gilgamesh, The Iliad, and The Odyssey. These stories relate the dynamic tensions of characters caught between righteous and unrighteous anger, between home and longing for the road, and between the imperative to survive and the impulse to sacrifice oneself for others.

Letter from Howard Tharsing to Elizabeth Oehlkers Wright

Letter from Howard Tharsing to Elizabeth Oehlkers Wright Howard Tharsing O Beth! I have been avoiding writing this letter for day after day since I got the phone call. I have been scolding myself daily for not writing, but I guess I knew that doing what I am doing now would finally make it true: no more Franz. The other day I got on a bus and saw two boys who appeared to be of about high school age, a bit awkward and gangly-looking, as if pieces of them were growing at different rates and their faces and their bodies had not yet coalesced into the manhood they were so rapidly approaching. They were talking forcefully and with great seriousness to one another, then from time to time laughing in some shared sense of the ridiculousness of themselves or of others, their teachers or parents or girls in general perhaps, and I remembered Franz. Indeed, he has risen before me innumerable times in the past ten days. I knew two Franzes. The first, with his long hair and soft face, shy, gentle, but deeply serious and already committed irrevocably and without hesitation to poetry at an age when the rest of us were fumbling through a variety of imagined futures; the second, his visage craggy and his manner outspoken, defiant, and critical, secure in his being a poet, proud of his accomplishment and jealous of its value. Between them lay forty years untold. He and I had no communication, no contact, and lived in worlds wholly apart. Yet when we were reunited in the last few years, what a special joy it was to find the same man I had known as a boy. It was not just that we understood one another's references and touchstones. Any one of our contemporaries would make those same connections and understand one another in the same way. No, it was much more. The only way I can describe it is to say that when Franz spoke, I heard my own words, my thoughts, coming out of his mouth. Yet of course Franz wasn't me. I have stumbled through life. Franz pursued a path that if not always clear itself nevertheless always pointed at a clear destination. This clarity of purpose was matched by an inward assurance of righteousness, not some cheap belief that one is always right but the moral certainty of knowing right from wrong and being able, despite one's own weaknesses and failures, to judge with clarity the people and events one encounters in the world. I remember Franz arriving at school the day after the National Guard murdered four students at Kent State. A group of us were chatting and, no doubt, laughing about whatever nothings high school students chat and laugh about. Franz walked up to us wearing a black arm band. The anger in his quiet voice carried with it grief as well as indignation. "Don't you know what's happened?" he said. I think that all the rest of our little group must have been as immediately—and deeply—shamed as I was. I felt small and wrong and hung my head the rest of the day. And he was right. And we all wore black armbands from then on, and participated in the Moratorium and other demonstrations and struggles as we went forward through those days. [End Page 188] I remember his youthful smile, too. His eyes would narrow and a look of being settled, of peace, would gently lift the corners of his mouth. His happiness was quiet and full—the Cheshire cat, or the cat who swallowed the canary. I cannot thank you enough for having me come and stay with you for those four days last year. I will always treasure those hours with the second Franz, the accomplished and celebrated poet. I loved him for the beauty of his work and of his faith and also for his righteous anger at injustice and at the carelessness with which our culture is squandering its riches and devolving into a squalid and dangerous mess. I cherish the memory of us two old men sitting in those big chairs, talking...

Life in a Fishbowl by Len Vlahos

Reviewed by: Life in a Fishbowl by Len Vlahos Karen Coats Vlahos, Len Life in a Fishbowl. Bloomsbury, 2017 [336p] Trade ed. ISBN 978-1-68119-035-8 $17.99 E-book ed. ISBN 978-1-68119-036-5 $12.99 Reviewed from galleys R Gr. 8-10 When Jackie’s father discovers he has a brain tumor that will kill him in three to four months, he decides to provide for his family by accepting the offer of a ruthless TV executive who offers five million dollars to the family if they will turn the remaining months of Jared’s life into a reality show. Without consulting his family, Jared signs the contract, and introverted Jackie’s worst nightmares are realized; not only will she be losing her beloved father, who has always been her best friend, but she is losing her privacy to deal with his death in her own way. She turns to her only other friend, a Russian internet acquaintance named Max, for help, but it is only when they join forces with Hazel, an online gamer who had tried to raise money to allow Jared to die in peace, that they are able to work out a plan to successfully thwart the control the reality show people have claimed over all of their lives. Add to the mix a psychopathic billionaire, a fanatical nun, and Glio, the personified tumor itself, and you get a multifaceted send-up of contemporary cultural life and values regarding the right to die and the spectacle of personal tragedy. What is curiously lost is Jackie’s relationship with her father; the intrusion of the media and Jared’s gradual loss of his faculties estranges father and daughter and produces an emotionally distancing effect exacerbated by the book’s continually shifting focus, which means that readers, like Jackie, have little time to grieve. Nonetheless, the narrative structure and tone compel interest, humor, judgment, and righteous anger, and readers will be left with much to discuss. [End Page 241] Copyright © 2017 The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois

Patterns of Behavior in the Great Patriotic War’s Soviet Cinema

The author explores the moral stances of films produced during the Great Patriotic War. The author considers these films as a part of the state cultural policy suggesting that their plots and characters were subject to the political situation and focused on the morale building activities both in the military and in the rearward. The frame of holy war dictated patterns of behavior on the screen as well as in real life. The Great Patriotic War and necessity of the nations unity promoted Soviet peoples collectivist identity. The theme of revenge became the keynote of films produced during this period. On the one hand, Soviet people showed on the screen righteous anger, intransigence and even cruelty against the enemy; on the other hand - altruism, willingness to sacrifice ones life for the sake of motherland and compatriots. The concept of us and them which had been formed during the class struggle received further development. The Soviet cinema tended to embody patterns of behavior for all social groups. Mans and womans images became mostly archetypal. The author shows that a mans positive image was a hero and a man of wisdom, whereas a womans positive image was to be a female warrior, beloved and mother. Moral rigorism, certainty and univocity of films shot during the war played a great role for the victory. Ethics of duty in Soviet films, introducing the model of life as heroic act, seemed invincible in the war years since it was based on distinct ideas of the purpose of the society. The destruction of the Soviet institutions and ideology would have contested the moral component of films made in the period of the Great Patriotic War. The article contributes to the development of historical memory and ability to perceive a film within the framework of public life and cultural policy.

A Study of Truth Therapy's Dispute about Anger

A Study on REBT and Truth Therapy survey in a general outlook, explore ways about anger. REBT is developed counseling technique without Christian background. counseling technique connected with Christian background based on this REBT is Truth Therapy. We will observe on Jesus Christ and Bible and His Revelation from Truth in Truth Therapy. Especially, In subject of anger, we will survey kinds and causes of an anger. Anger has as various causes as kinds. If it has human nature, there is no somebody lives in without an anger. Even though God and Jesus Christ shows at anger emotions. As it showed, we can recognize as righteous anger. Although it is righteous, human being indwelling in sin nature is too difficult to do righteous anger fundamentally. Instead of righteous anger, that to express destructive anger bring forth diverse negative results. Most negative results are originated in human's prejudice and misunderstanding, we shall survey at faulted thinking methods. Therefore, there is no way live totally not angered, all we will study how to control an anger through Truth Therapy dispute effectively. Therefore, this study is a purpose how to regulate an anger with Truth Therapy.

‘A stroke schalt thow beyre’: Staging Anger in Plays of the Massacre of the Innocents

Of the six surviving pageants and plays that dramatize Massacre of the Innocents, four expand on the biblical spectacle of cruelty by adding a scene in which the mothers of the Innocents confront Herod’s soldiers verbally, and to varying degrees, physically. This article explores these confrontations as scripted in the Pageant of the Shearmen and Taylors in Coventry and the Digby Candlemes Day and þe Kyllyng of the Children of Israelle play through medieval discussions of anger. It examines the representations of anger in both plays and argues that the cultural work of the added altercations between the mothers and Herod’s knights lies in portraying righteous anger as a socially positive force.

SERMON AND STORY IN GEORGE MACDONALD

George MacDonald took to preaching early in life. In his boyhood he once “rushed into the kitchen, jumped upon the clean-scrubbed table, and began a learned discourse, indicating Bell Mavor, the maid, as a reprobate past redemption”: She flicked at him with her dish-clout, when he turned upon her in righteous anger, as he set straight the improvised bands about his neck: “Div ye no ken fan ye’re speakin’ til a meenister, Bell? Ye's no fleg [frighten] awa’ the Rev. Geordie MacDonald as gin he war a buzzin’ flee [fly]! Losh, woman, neist to Dr. Chaumers [Thomas Chalmers], he's the grandest preacher in a’ Scotland!” (Greville MacDonald 59) Before long MacDonald would grow uneasy with the Calvinist beliefs from which this childhood frolic takes its bearings. He would later characterise the religion of his youth as one in which “hell is invariably the deepest truth, and the love of God is not so deep as hell” (Robert Falconer 1: 152). Coming to feel “that the more perfect a theory about the infinite, the surer it is to be wrong” (qtd. in Greville MacDonald 155), MacDonald in maturity embraced a broad and undogmatic theology, and – at the urging of F. D. Maurice – eventually joined the Church of England. Yet the impulse to preach never left him. MacDonald is now principally remembered as a writer of fantasy and fairy tales, but his literary career was in one sense a stand-in for the pulpit. He briefly served as a Congregationalist minister in Arundel before being forced out for his unorthodox views on salvation. Unable to secure another appointment, and sustaining “a hand-to-mouth existence” with his family in Manchester, MacDonald came to prose fiction “through economic necessity” (Raeper 103, 125). Even once he had achieved literary fame, MacDonald continued to preach occasionally by invitation. Over the course of his lifetime he would also publish several volumes of sermons never delivered – not simply spiritual reflections, but, as the title of a series of his volumes has it, Unspoken Sermons (1867–1889).

Consumer stakeholder responses to reshoring strategies

Our research provides insights into the nature of consumer reactions to corporate reshoring. We test the impact of reshoring decisions on consumer willingness to buy and willingness to pay for the products of companies implementing reshoring decisions. We conduct three experimental studies: Study 1 analyzes the processes underlying consumer reactions to reshoring from a moral psychology perspective. Results show the mediating role of positive and negative moral emotions (i.e., gratitude and righteous anger) felt by consumers. Study 2 shows the important role of consumer attribution inferences of company motives for reshoring, and ethnocentrism dispositions of consumers, highlighting boundary conditions of proposed moderating mechanisms. Study 3 tests the proposed model in the context of an actual reshoring case, extending its range of application and addressing external validity. The results improve our understanding and handling of consumer reactions to corporate reshoring.

Empowerment in a Mental Health Institution

Objectives: To examine the association between empowerment and quality of life among adult forensic patients. Method: The Empowerment Scale and the Lancashire Quality of Life Profile were used to assess perception on personal empowerment and quality of life in 98 detained adult forensic patients in Prison Hospital of Tirana. Results: The proportion of adult forensic patients scoring above personal empowerment and the quality of life was significantly low in the detained group for the five factors of empowerment Hierarchical multiple regression models showed that self-efficiency-self-esteem, power-powerlessness, community activism, righteous anger, and optimism-control over the future were significantly low among detained adult forensic patients, indicating that detention contributed to increased symptom levels of psychiatric symptoms. Conclusions: For adult forensic patients, even brief detention is associated with a low perception on personal empowerment and a quality of life that interfere in rehabilitation plans. Governments should consider the many viable alternatives to incarceration of adult forensic patients, such as temporary placement in a supervised residential facility, to minimize the risks of psychological harm to this vulnerable population. DOI: 10.5901/ajis.2014.v3n6p229

Sex, sleaze and righteous anger: The rise and fall of gay magazines and newspapers in Australia

For much of the 20th century, homosexuality was illegal in Australia. The country was also subject to draconian censorship; overt homosexual works were banned. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, however, social change was afoot and publications of the homosexual rights and gay liberation movements began to appear, soon joined by more commercial publications aligned to an increasingly overt gay sub-culture. These publications prospered over the next three decades. Their focus ranged from earnest proselytising to post-modern pornography. Most maintained strong links to their readerships, even though many of them were distributed free of charge and relied on advertising to survive. This paper chronicles the range of these publications and examines how they helped develop and foster a gay, lesbian or queer readership (and hence outside the mainstream); explores how and why the printed forms of these publications gradually merged within the mainstream as same-sex relationships lost their deviance; and notes that these publications have largely been replaced by digital alternatives in the 21st century.

The effects of company offshoring strategies on consumer responses

This paper develops a unique theoretical framework for explaining consumer reactions to corporate offshoring by testing the impact of the decision to offshore or to maintain domestic activities on two dependent variables: consumer attitudes toward the company and word-of-mouth communication. We conduct two controlled experiments administered in the field with adult consumers. Study 1 analyzes the processes underlying consumer reactions to corporate offshoring from the perspective of the perceived moral harm and good that offshoring produces. Results verify the mediating role of positive and negative moral emotions (i.e., gratitude and righteous anger) felt by consumers. Study 2 demonstrates the moderating role of consumer perceived risk of offshoring on the linkage between company offshoring and the same moral emotions and through these moral emotions on consumer attitudes toward the company and word-of-mouth communication. An unexpected finding is the mediation of the positive moral emotion of elevation on consumer attitudes.