Right-sided Asymmetry Research Articles

Sexual dimorphism in hemispheric processing of faces in humans: A meta-analysis of 817 cases.

A well-established neuroimaging literature predicts a right-sided asymmetry in the activation of face-devoted areas such as the fusiform gyrus (FG) and its resulting M/N170 response during face processing. However, the face-related response sometimes appears to be bihemispheric. A few studies have argued that bilaterality depended on the sex composition of the sample. To shed light on this matter, two meta-analyses were conducted starting from a large initial database of 250 ERP (Event-related potentials)/MEG (Magnetoencephalography) peer-reviewed scientific articles. Paper coverage was from 1985 to 2020. Thirty-four articles met the inclusion criteria of a sufficiently large and balanced sample size with strictly right-handed and healthy participants aged 18–35 years and N170 measurements in response to neutral front view faces at left and right occipito/temporal sites. The data of 817 male (n = 414) and female (n = 403) healthy adults were subjected to repeated-measures analyses of variance. The results of statistical analyses from the data of 17 independent studies (from Asia, Europe and America) seem to robustly indicate the presence of a sex difference in the way the two cerebral hemispheres process facial information in humans, with a marked right-sided asymmetry of the bioelectrical activity in males and a bilateral or left-sided activity in females.

Sequential MRI reveals vertebral body wedging significantly contributes to coronal plane deformity progression in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis during growth.

Cross-sectional study. To provide a comprehensive, multi-stage investigation of vertebral body (VB) and intervertebral disc (IVD) coronal plane deformities for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients with a main thoracic curve type, using a series of sequential magnetic resonance images (MRIs). Despite numerous investigations of AIS deformity at the spinal segmental level, there is little consensus as to the major contributor to the lateral curvature of a scoliotic spine. Moreover, scoliotic deformity is often described along a continuum of progression, with few studies having characterised the change in segmental deformity for AIS patients whose deformity progresses clinically over time. 30 female AIS patients with primary thoracic curves were included between 2012 and 2016. Three sequential MRIs were captured for each patient. Datasets were reformatted to produce true coronal plane images of the thoracic spine (T4-L1). Overall curve morphology, coronal plane IVD and VB segmental deformity and rates of growth were analysed. Right-side asymmetry was greater in IVDs (18.5 ± 23.9%) when compared to VBs (8.3 ± 9.2%) (P < 0.05) by third scans. Despite this, 77% of patients demonstrated the majority (> 50%) of their coronal curvature was attributed to VB wedging when measured across all three scans. Regardless of progression status, scan number, or region, the sum of the VB wedging angle was greater than the sum of the IVD wedging angle (all P ≤ 0.05). There was no correlation between the rates of major curve angle progression and standing height increase, VB height growth, or IVD height growth (P > 0.05). VB wedging contributed more to the lateral deformity observed in primary thoracic subtypes of AIS patients than IVD wedging. While IVDs demonstrated the greatest asymmetric deformity, their relatively smaller height resulted in a smaller proportional change in lateral curve angle compared to the VBs. IV.

Статистические оценки частотного распределения «базовой триады» осадков на юге России

On the basis of data from 20 meteorological stations for 1961-2018 of the «basic triad» of precipitation (total, maximum daily precipitation and the number of days with precipitation of at least 20 mm (NR20)) for the territory of southern European Russia, a frequency analysis of seasonal and annual precipitation was carried out, a frequency distribution in absolute value, an integral distribution was obtained. The right-sided asymmetry of the empirical distribution function revealed a redistribution of the daily maximum precipitation and NR20 towards their increase.

ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ РАЗВИТИЯ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЬСТВА РОССИИ: ПРОСТРАНСТВЕННЫЙ АСПЕКТ

The development of technological entrepreneurship is necessary since new technologies and the level of knowledge are the factors determining the macroeconomic indicators, along with capital and labor. It is essential to identify the effectiveness of the development of technological entrepreneurship as an institution that transforms the research, development, and intellectual property into ready-made advanced production technologies. The paper studies the interrelation between the resources available to technological entrepreneurship (the level of costs for research and development, intellectual property) and the results in the form of the creation of new technologies. The author carried out the analysis at the national and regional levels. For this reason, two new indicators are calculated: the ratio of the number of patents for inventions to the number of the developed advanced production technologies; the ratio of the number of the developed advanced production technologies to the internal costs of research and development. At the national level, the author studied the change in these indicators for 2000–2018, determined trends and dynamics peculiarities. The study identified the influence of changes in the methodology of statistical accounting in 2011–2012 on assessing technological entrepreneurship efficiency. At the regional level, the author studied the variants of indicators of the effectiveness of technological entrepreneurship development, evaluated the nature of the distribution, and concluded on the degree of regional asymmetry. The paper includes the analytical grouping of Russian regions by the effectiveness of technological entrepreneurship development and its use of the resources of the national innovation system. The key features of the national dynamics of technological entrepreneurship efficiency are the improvement of the efficiency of the usage of intellectual property (patents) in general over the period and the unstable nature of this indicator in the last 5–7 years. At the regional level, the author noted a right-sided asymmetry in the distribution of both indicators and identified the regions with the highest and lowest efficiency of technological entrepreneurship development. The study showed that technological entrepreneurship efficiency does not always coincide with the positions of a region in the innovative development ratings.

SEX-RELATED FEATURES OF THE ASYMMETRY OF CRANIOMETRICS PARAMETERS IN VARIOUS FORMS OF THE FACIAL SKULL

The aim was to study the severity of asymmetry on different forms of the facial skull with regard to gender. It was studied 70 specially selected turtles of people of different ages from the craniological collection of the fundamental museum of the human anatomy department of the Azerbaijan Medical University. The characteristic of the group of skulls that was study was carried out on the basis of the upper index of the face. To study the asymmetry of the facial skull, the fan-shaped method of morphometry was used. The digital data of our study were subjected to statistical processing. An analysis of the data obtained indicates the absence of statistically significant sexual differences in the sizes of the contralateral sides of all the studied parameters of the upper fan for skulls with different face shapes. In the women's series on the lateral fan the asymmetry is almost negligible. In the men's series, almost all indicators on the lateral fan show stable left-sided asymmetry. The exception is the distance from the zygo-maxillary point to the lowest point of the pear-shaped hole. In the lower fan on the turtles with a narrow and broad face in the female series of skulls, left-sided asymmetry is observed in almost all signs. On turtles with a face of medium width, both significant left-sided and right-sided asymmetry are noted. In the male series, in general, the asymmetry is much less pronounced than in the female series of skulls. The exception is the subspinal-dacryon distance on wide-faced skulls in the male skull series was found right-sided asymmetry, which is not typical for the female series.

Variability of morphometric characteristics of Betula pendula lamina under technogenic conditions of Dnipro city

The response of a plant organism to the effects of negative environmental factors, including the effects of multicomponent pollution, can be determined using a morphometric approach, setting the range of variability of biometric indicators of assimilation organs. The obtained data allow us to identify the directions of evolution of leaf shape and parameters under conditions of anthropogenic environment. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the variability of morphometric characteristics of lamina of Вetula pendula Roth. under technogenic conditions of the city of Dnipro. Leaf samples were collected in September – October 2018 at five test areas in the city of Dnipro (100 sheets each), which differed in the level of environmental pollution. For each leaf according to the method, five dimensions were measured on the left and right sides: width of the left and right halves of the leaf; the length of the vein of the second order, the second from the base of the leaf; the distance between the bases of the first and second veins of the second order; the distance between the ends of the first and second veins of the second order; the angle between the main vein and the second vein from the base of the leaf of the second order. It is shown that by the degree of increase of variation in the conditions of influence on the plants of B. pendula under conditions of multicomponent contamination of the environment the investigated signs of the lamina can be arranged as follows: 5 &lt; 2 &lt; 1 &lt; 4 &lt; 3. It is established that the most stable feature of the B. pendula lamina in the conditions of technogenesis is the angle between the main vein and the second vein from the base of the leaf of the second order, and the most variable one is the distance between the bases of the first and second veins of the second order. A tendency was found for the differences in the reactions of plants from the relatively clean area and contaminated territories: the control trees had a coefficient of variation higher for the right half of the leaf (right-sided asymmetry), whereas plants of the technogenic zones had left-sided asymmetry.

Does the Right Focal Variant of Alzheimer's Disease Really Exist? A Literature Analysis.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a clinically heterogeneous disease. Multiple atypical syndromes, distinct from the usual amnesic phenotype, have been described. In this context, the existence of a right variant of AD (RAD), characterized by enduring visuospatial impairment associated with right-sided asymmetric brain damage, has been proposed. However, to date, this phenotype remains controversial. In particular, its peculiar characteristics and the independence from more prevalent cases (especially the posterior cortical atrophy syndrome) have to be demonstrated. To explore the existence of focal RAD on the basis of existing literature. We performed a literature search for the description of atypical AD presentations, potentially evoking cases of focal RAD. To be considered as affected by RAD, the described cases had to present: 1) well documented right-sided asymmetry at neuroimaging; 2) predominant cognitive deficits localizable on the right hemisphere; 3) no specific diagnosis of a known variant of AD. Twenty-one cases were found in the literature, but some of them were subsequently excluded because some features of a different clinical syndrome were overlapped with the clinical features of RAD. Thirteen positive cases, three of them with pathologically confirmed AD, remained. A common right clinical-radiological syndrome, characterized by memory and visuospatial impairment with temporal and parietal involvement, consistently emerged. However, the heterogeneity among the reports prevented a definitive and univocal description of the syndrome. Even if sporadic observations strongly support the existence of a focal RAD, no definitive conclusions can still be drawn about it as an independent condition.

The influence of sloping cloud in the visual field on the cognitive determinants of military pilots' behavior.

The study analyzed the effectiveness of military pilots' behavior under the influence of false horizon illusion - a false perception of the real horizon. It was assumed that visual illusion tends to cause spatial disorientation (SD). The question was asked which orientation of the sloping cloud (right/left) would have a bigger impact on SD. The effectiveness of the flight profile performance under the influence of visual illusion was analyzed in the context of the field dependence (FD), field independence (FI) or field intermediate dependence (FINT) of perception, the effectiveness of attention and operational memory. The study covered 66 pilots. A flight simulator was used as a measure of effectiveness in performing the flight profile in spatial disorientation conditions. The effectiveness of attention and working memory was diagnosed using 4 computer tasks. It was revealed that the right sloping cloud (compared to the left sloping cloud) had a greater impact on military pilots' behavior. The cognitive style distinguishes the accuracy of the flight profile performance from the inclined cloud pointing to the right. The comparisons showed significant differences between the FI and FD pilot groups. All the pilots demonstrated the right-sided asymmetry of the flight rate. While performing tasks on the simulator, the FI pilots were characterized by a more stable rate than the FINT pilots. A general conclusion is that the "correct falling cloud" had a greater impact on pilots' behavior. The presented results confirm the hypothesis that susceptibility to visual illusions is significantly increased in the pilots characterized by field dependence while the pilots with the FINT style of perception are characterized by a greater variability of the flight rate. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2019;32(5):653-62.

INFLUENCE OF FORCED MIGRATION ON THE ECONOMY OF UKRAINE

Introduction. Significant geopolitical transformations, the annexation of the Crimea, and the conflict in the Donbass affect the functioning of the Ukrainian economy. These processes provoked a profound and only political but also socio-economic crisis, intensification of labor migration, massive forced displacement of the population: the emergence of the category of forced migrants – internally displaced persons (IDP). IDPs are citizens of a country that does not cross borders and migrate within their own country for compelled reasons (similar to the case with refugees). In Ukraine, they are called forced migrants.The hypothesis of scientific research is to find out how the emergence of regional migration asymmetry, in particular the emergence of a significant number of IDP, affects the asymmetry of migration processes in Ukraine, the economy and welfare of the population, and the level of socio-economic development of the country.The aim is to diagnose the existing processes of domestic forced migration processes in Ukraine, including the asymmetry of migratory flows, the impact of the movement of internally displaced persons on the level of development of regional economies.The research methodology is fundamental and applied research in the field of forced internal migration, the demographic situation and the state of the labor market, UN materials, the ILO, UNESCO, the bodies of the state statistics service, materials from other official sources and Internet resources. During the study, methods of systematization, theoretical generalization, scientific classification, comparative analysis, statistical methods were used.Results: the main factors determining the conditions and nature of forced internal migration in Ukraine in 2014–2017 were determined. The main directions of forced internal migration since the beginning of hostilities in the Donbass were determined. The emergence of regional asymmetry of migration processes at the level of aggregate migratory flows is investigated.Conclusions: it is proved that all regions of Ukraine have a significant right-side asymmetry of balance in the direction of arrivals in the region, which manifests itself in the concentration of refugees in the presence of a relatively small number of most mass flows. HPE is perceived in their places of residence as an additional resource for the development of a regional economy: the emergence of new opportunities for increasing social activity by refugees; the opening of new businesses; a strong motivation to succeed; intensification of production and provision of services; filling jobs that were not in demand by the local population.

Acquired Torticollis as the Initial and Only Finding in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Case Report

Torticollis or involuntarily twisted neck is considered to be a sign rather than a condition. Some of the main causes of torticollis are trauma, medication side-effects, infectious and inflammatory processes, and head and neck tumors.A 26-year-old female patient presented with acute acquired torticollis for four months, and the conditions had complicated due to constitutional symptoms, such as weight loss, sweating, and decreased appetite, eventually leading to trismus. Neck CT-scan showed bilateral lymph node enlargements, soft tissue stranding, right-sided asymmetry of the fossa of Rosenmuller (pharyngeal recess), and a heterogeneous enhancing mass on the nasopharynx roof with left extension and bilateral pressure on the Eustachian tube. The biopsy of the mass indicated the infiltration of atypical epithelial cells with marked nuclear atypia in small solid nests within the lymphoid tissue of the nasopharynx, which corresponded to nasopharyngeal carcinoma. However, the patient had no risk factors for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. This study highlighted the importance of a complete work-up for the underlying tumors in the head and neck in the patients presenting with the only finding of torticollis.

Changes in thickness of cortex and its layers in the posterior lobe of the cerebellum in postnatal ontogenesis

Objective– the study of age-related changes in the thickness of the cortex and its layers in the posterior lobe of the cerebellum of children.Material and methods.The work is performed on postmortem material (62 cerebellum), obtained from children aged from birth to 12 years who died as a result of injuries without brain damage. Using computer morphometry on the painted method Nissle frontal histological sections of cortex, taken in region right and left posterior quadrangular lobules (H VI) on top of the folia of cerebellum, was measured the cortical thickness and the thickness of molecular and granular layers. Analysis of quantitative data was performed at annual intervals.Results. The posterior lobe of the cerebellum the increase in the thickness of the cortex in the left hemisphere occurs in two stages: from birth to 1 year and then to 2 years, in the right hemisphere in three stages: from birth to 1 year, and 2 and 7 years. Right-sided asymmetry of the thickness of the cerebellar cortex observed in infants and children 7 years of age, thickness of granular layer in infants and children 9 years. Left-hand asymmetry is specific to cortical thickness and its molecular layer in children 12 months.Conclusion. The thickness of the cerebellar cortex and its layers in the area of the lobule H VI increases during early childhood, and in the right hemisphere also during the first childhood. Reducing the diameter of the cortex and layer in the posterior lobe of the cerebellum of children from birth to 12 years of age are not detected.

Функціональна дихотомія (симетрія – асиметрія) фізичного розвитку у чоловіків, які займаються триатлоном

Purpose : explore the dichotomy of the physical development of men who are engaged in triathlon and long-distance running on the highway. Material & Methods: under the conditions of the exercise test with a hip strength of 94 physically active men, the reaction of the cardio-respiratory system to physical activity was investigated. Body composition was determined using the bioelectric impedance method. For paired signs, the asymmetry coefficient was calculated. (C АS ). Results : largest groups of work at the level of maximum oxygen consumption were allocated groups assess the level of fitness of athletes. With an increase in the level of physical performance, individual indicators of the maximum response of the cardiorespiratory system to stress have a multidirectional tendency. The development of the muscles of the lower extremities is characterized by right-sided asymmetry for all groups of athletes. At the same time, the value of C АS increases with the increase in the level of physical performance from the 1st to the 4th group. In amateur with a high level of preparedness, a decrease in this coefficient is observed. Conclusion : most amateur athletes who practice triathlon or long-distance runner on the highway have an asymmetry in their lower limbs. The most pronounced asymmetry has athletes with a performance at the level of maximum oxygen consumption of 4,0–4,5 W∙kg –1 . In the first to fourth groups, an increase in the asymmetry of the lower extremities is observed, whereas in the group with high performance (4,6–5,5 W∙kg –1 ), the asymmetry decreases, which may be a necessary condition for achieving high results.

Childhood trauma and dissociative symptoms predict frontal EEG asymmetry in borderline personality disorder

ABSTRACTFrontal EEG asymmetry (FEA) has been studied as both state and trait parameter in emotion regulation and affective disorders. Its significance in borderline personality disorder (BPD) remains largely unknown. Twenty-six BPD patients and 26 healthy controls underwent EEG before and after mood induction using aversive images. A slight but significant shift from left- to right-sided asymmetry over prefrontal electrodes occurred across all subjects. In BPD baseline FEA over F7 and F8 correlated significantly with childhood trauma and functional neurological “conversion” symptoms as assessed by respective questionnaires. Regression analysis revealed a predictive role of both childhood trauma and dissociative neurological symptoms. FEA offers a relatively stable electrophysiological correlate of BPD psychopathology that responds only minimally to acute mood changes. Future studies should address whether this psychophysiological association is universal for trauma- and dissociation-related disorders, and whether it is responsive to psychotherapy.

АСИММЕТРИЯ РАЗМЕРОВ «ВЕРХНЕГО ВЕЕРА» У ВЗРОСЛЫХ ЛЮДЕЙ С РАЗЛИЧНОЙ ФОРМОЙ ЛИЦЕВОГО ЧЕРЕПА

The aim is to study the parameters of the upper in adults with different forms of the facial skull. Material and methods. The material for the study was 60 passportized skulls of mature people from the craniological collection of the fundamental museum of the human anatomy department of the Azerbaijan Medical University. To study the asymmetry of the facial skull, a fan craniometry method was used. Results. The results of craniometric measurements showed that in the upper the distance from the nazion to the point on the apex of the frontal hillock on the right side is 1.02 times less than on the left. Distances from the nazion to the most prominent point on the zygomatic bone and from the nasal to the infraorbital foramen on the right and left sides are almost identical. The distance from the nasin to the point on the lateral margin of the pyriform aperture is 1.02 times greater on the right side than on the left side (p s <0.05). The distance from the nazion to the lowest point of the pyriform aperture is on the contrary, on the right side it is 1.05 times greater than on the left side (p s <0.05). The distance from the nazion to the lowest point of the pyriform hole and to the point on the lateral edge of the pear-shaped aperture on the right side is greater than on the left. For the distance from the nasal to the most prominent point on the malar bone and to the infraorbital foramen, asymmetry is not established. Conclusions. In the distance from the nazion to the point on the apex of the frontal tuber, a left-sided asymmetry is defined, in the distance from the nazion to the lowest point of the pyriform aperture and right-sided asymmetry is noted to the point on the lateral margin of the pyriform. For the distance from the nasal to the most prominent point on the zygomatic bone and to the infraorbital foramen, asymmetry is not established.

Pattern of Lateralized Behaviors in a Caudate Amphibian, &lt;i&gt;Ambystoma mexicanum&lt;/i&gt;

Laterality of brain and behavior at the individual and/or group level is a characteristic of all vertebrate classes. The general pattern of left-right asymmetry in vertebrates is so that left-eye/right-hemisphere system is used to detect socially important images, like conspecifics, and also recognize danger, while the right-eye/left-hemisphere system is used to discriminate prey and food items from inedible objects. However, the pattern of motor and visual lateralization in caudate amphibians is poorly investigated to date. Here we present the first evidence of individual and group level motor and visual lateralization in sexually mature and immature larvae of the Mexican axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum , thus presenting a comprehensive characteristic of the lateralized behavioral pattern in a salamander species. First, we performed four successive tests to assess asymmetry in rapid C-start and measure its characteristics in responses to startle stimuli in sexually immature larvae. We experimentally showed that axolotls exhibited a leftward population bias in each of four C-start tests, of which the bias was significant in the second test and in the pooled data for all four tests. Second, in mature axolotls we have found right-sided individual level asymmetry and, at the group level, a tendency to react more actively to food items (live chironomid larvae) appeared in their right visual hemifield. Third, individual axolotl larvae been placed in the square aquarium with two opposite mat walls and two opposite mirror walls preferred to stay near to mirror walls, rather than near to mat walls. At the group level, this preference increased over three successive tests and reached significance in the third test and in the pooled data. At both individual and group levels axolotls showed statistically significant lateralization, preferring to inspect the mirror walls with their left eyes in all three tests. Overall, the expressed pattern of lateralization in the Mexican axolotl corresponds to the general pattern of lateralization established for other vertebrates including anuran amphibians.

Effects of Oxytocin on the Levels and Metabolism of Monoamines in the Brain of White Outbred Mice during Long-Term Social Isolation.

The effects of intranasal administration of oxytocin on the levels and metabolism of monoamines in symmetrical structures of the brain of white outbred mice kept under conditions of long-term social isolation were studied by HPLC. Disappearance of initial right-sided asymmetry in the content of dopamine metabolites in the striatum, increased 5-hydroxyacetic acid content in the right striatum, and disappearance of the initial left-sided asymmetry in serotonin level in the cortex were noted; we also found a decrease in norepinephrine content in the left hippocampus with appearance of asymmetry and higher content in the right olfactory tubercle. It can be hypothesized that minor changes in the serotoninergic and dopaminergic systems against the background of high reactivity of noradrenergic system represent specific response of the brain to oxytocin in aggressive animals.

Right-side-stretched multifractal spectra indicate small-worldness in networks

Complex network formalism allows to explain the behavior of systems composed by interacting units. Several prototypical network models have been proposed thus far. The small-world model has been introduced to mimic two important features observed in real-world systems: i) local clustering and ii) the possibility to move across a network by means of long-range links that significantly reduce the characteristic path length. A natural question would be whether there exist several “types” of small-world architectures, giving rise to a continuum of models with properties (partially) shared with other models belonging to different network families. Here, we take advantage of the interplay between network theory and time series analysis and propose to investigate small-world signatures in complex networks by analyzing multifractal characteristics of time series generated from such networks. In particular, we suggest that the degree of right-sided asymmetry of multifractal spectra is linked with the degree of small-worldness present in networks. This claim is supported by numerical simulations performed on several parametric models, including prototypical small-world networks, scale-free, fractal and also real-world networks describing protein molecules. Our results also indicate that right-sided asymmetry emerges with the presence of the following topological properties: low edge density, low average shortest path, and high clustering coefficient.

Frontal cortical effects on feedback processing and reinforcement learning: Relation of EEG asymmetry with the feedback-related negativity and behavior.

Reinforcement learning refers to the acquisition of approach or avoidance action tendencies through repeated reward/nonreward feedback. Although much research on reinforcement learning has focused on the striatum, the prefrontal cortex likely modulates this process. Given prior research demonstrating a consistent pattern of lateralized frontal cortical activity in affective responses and approach/avoidance tendencies in the EEG literature, we aimed to elucidate the role of frontal EEG asymmetry in reinforcement learning. Thirty-two participants completed a probabilistic selection task in which they learned to select some targets and avoid others though correct/incorrect feedback. EEG indices of frontal cortical asymmetry were computed from alpha power recorded at baseline and during task completion. We also examined the feedback-related negativity ERP component to assess feedback processing associated with activity in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex. Results revealed that greater right-lateralized frontal cortical activity during learning was associated with better avoidance learning, but neither left- nor right-sided asymmetry reliably related to approach learning. Results also suggested that left frontal activity may relate to reinforcement feedback processing, as indicated by the feedback-related negativity (FRN). These findings offer preliminary evidence regarding the role of frontal cortical activity in reinforcement learning while integrating classic and contemporary research on lateralized frontal cortical functions.

The effect of oxytocin on the level and monoamines turnover in the brain of isolated mice of highand low-aggressive lines

Objective. In the course of the study, the effect of oxytocin on the behavior and level of monoamines of the brain in aggressive male isolates of the initially low-aggressive C57Bl/6 line with similar indices of highly aggressive white outbred mice was compared. Methods. In experiments on isolated male mice of the low-aggressive C57Bl/6 line and highly aggressive white outbred mice, the effects of oxytocin on the aggressive behavior and the activity of monoaminergic systems of the left and right cerebral hemispheres was investigated. After prolonged social isolation, the male mice, who attacked in the resident-intruder test, were selected for further research. Oxytocin (5 IU/ml, 20μl) was admitrated intranasally. Control animals was treated with saline. With the HPLC-method, in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, olfactory tubercle and striatum of the left and right sides of the brain the concentrations of dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin and their metabolites of dioxyphenylacetic, homovaniline and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acids were measured. Results. Among the male isolates of the C57Bl/6 line, the proportion of aggressive individuals was 56.5%, and among white outbred mice 87.5%. The investigated lines also differed in the attack latency time: aggressive C57Bl/6 mice attacked an average on the 113.1±23.5 second, while in white outbred mice the attack followed on the 35.3±14.7 second (p &lt; 0.01). In the aggressive male isolates of the C57Bl/6 line, which received intranasally saline solution, the content of serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in the hippocampus was significantly higher on the right. In C57Bl/6, oxytocin reduced the manifestation of aggression caused by prolonged social isolation (p &lt; 0.05), but had no absolute ability to stop this type of behavior. Under its influence, the level of dopamine in the left cortex (p = 0.054), as well as serotonin content in the right hippocampus (p &lt; 0.05) and in the left striatum (p &lt; 0.05) decreased. In addition, the use of oxytocin in C57Bl/6 neutralized the asymmetry of serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid levels in the hippocampus. At the same time there was an asymmetry in the content of dopamine in the cerebral cortex with the predominance of this mediator in the right hemisphere (p &lt; 0.05). In male isolates of highly aggressive white outbred mice, the effect of oxytocin on behavior was not found. However, in these animals oxytocin caused certain changes in monoaminergic systems of the brain. Under the action of oxytocin, the inicial right-sided asymmetry of the level of dopamine metabolites in the striatum and left-sided asymmetry in the level of serotonin in the cortex disappeared. Oxytocin caused an increase in the content of 5-hydroxyacetic acid in the right striatum (p &lt; 0.05) and norepinephrine in the left hippocampus (p &lt; 0.05). In addition, white outbred mice under the influence of oxytocin developed asymmetry with the predominance of norepinephrine in the right olfactory tubercle (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusions. It can be assumed that relatively weak changes in the state of serotonergic and dopaminergic systems against the background of high reactivity of the noradrenergic system are a feature of the reaction of the brain of highly aggressive animals to oxytocin. The data obtained are discussed in terms of the lateralization of neurotransmitter systems responsible for intraspecific aggression caused by prolonged social isolation. (For citation: Karpova IV, Bychkov ER, Marysheva VV, et al. The effect of oxytocin on the level and monoamines turnover in the brain of isolated mice of high- and low-aggressive lines. Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy. 2017;15(2):23-30. doi: 10.17816/RCF15223-30).

Cenopopulation structure of climax forest stands of formation of beech forests in Ukrainian Carpathians

Logging in the mountainous conditions of the Carpathians has transformed the forest cover into a continuous succession system. Climax exemplary communities which are subject to protection and research according to the position of structure and dynamics on the population methodological basis, to have survived on an insignificant area in the reserves and protective categories of forests. The cenopopulation paradigm considers the edificator species (spruce, fir, beech, pine) as a system of interacting geographic, food and elementary populations. The structure of climax uneven-aged coenopopulations of formation of the beech forest is considered as natural climax cenoses that have arisen as a result of endo- or exogenous successions due to climatic and edaphic conditions. Their dynamic equilibrium is supported by the variability of the spatial mosaic structure through the age-old turnover of generations. The distribution of trees by diameter in climax forest stands is characterized by three types: reverse s-shaped, j-shaped and bell-shaped with right-sided asymmetry. The inverse s-type distribution type is the main one and occupies 77 % of trial plots. The types of reverse j-shaped and bell-shaped with right-side asymmetry are encountered respectively in 2 and 21 % of the trial plots. Vertical stratification in climax beech cenoses distinguishes four functional tiers-horizons, or spatial ecological niches. There is a possibility to forecast the directions of successions by species composition in tiers. In mixed dark-coniferous-beech stands, the beech occupies a dominant position, and fir, and especially spruce, a regressive position. The age structure of climax forest stands is presented to 6 age groups: pre-generative - juvenile and imature and virginal; generative – young, middle-aged, ripe and old (overmature). According to number of climax coniferous/beech and beech stands the full-member beech cenpopulations predominate. The age spectra of fir and spruce, maple-sycamore, ash, and elm are usually unequal, or fragmentary. On average, one hectare in climax coniferous/beech and beech stands include 174–235 individuals of generative generation – 42–52 – fir, 5–16 – spruce, 5–10 – maple-sycamore and ash tree. The timber stock in half (50–60 %) is concentrated in overmature and 25 % in mature age condition. Introduction of the population paradigm in forest synecology discover a new opportunity to divide the stand of the age generation and treat them as old-growth forests and virgin forests which form a set of key species of cenopopulations, and also determine the direction of succession.