User Rights Research Articles

IMPLEMENTASI APLIKASI SISTEM PAKAR MENGGUNAKAN METODE FORWARD CHAINING

The Expert System is a solution that helps parents diagnose possible hyperactivity in their children from an early age. This expert system is designed for several stages including system requirements analysis, design, coding and testing. This expert system is represented in the form of rules and its reasoning method is forward chaining, namely H. concludes hyperactivity from several symptoms. The result of the system is a kind of hyperactivity from diagnosis and solution to diagnosis. In operation, this system has two user rights, namely expert users and ordinary users. Experts in this system are child development experts. This system can process disease information, symptoms and context. The result of this system is the result of a diagnosis of hyperactivity based on the presence of symptoms.
 Hyperactivity Disorder is a pattern of behavior in someone who doesn't want to relax. Hyperactive children are children with attention deficit disorder. Hyperactivity or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) or also known as Hyperkinetic Disorder. Hyperactivity is a combination of attention problems, hyperactivity and impulsive behavior. The diagnosis of hyperactivity is usually made by a doctor or child development specialist. In fact, parents can also diagnose early the possibility of hyperactivity in children by observing their child's behavior in everyday life, especially through the way they communicate and interact socially. with peers and children's imagination.

Kajian Normatif Problematika Pemindahtanganan Barang Milik Daerah dengan Status Hak Pakai kepada Desa Adat

Regional property in the form of land must be certified in the name of the localgovernment, as in the registration of land rights for local governments in the form of usage rightsor management rights. After the issuance of Government Regulation Number 18 of 2021, landwith the status of usage rights cannot be transferred, especially usage rights for period of time aslong as they are used. The legal ratio for prohibition on the transfer of Regional Property becausethe limitations attached to usage rights owned by the local government are Public Use Rights withthe implication is only right to use not rights of disposal. So it is suggested for the management ofRegional Property by Traditional Villages it would be possible to use the mechanism for utilizationof Regional Property in accordance to the Laws and Regulations.

Crowd Pleaser: The Remaking of Property Rights in Digital Spaces

Abstract This article explores the remaking of classical liberal rights in digital spaces, with a focus on property rights in artificial intelligence (AI) crowds. The rise of crowds in digital and technological spaces has created new opportunities for users, but their accumulated contributions create added value for the platforms and manufacturers that manage the crowd, leading to a curtailment of individual autonomy. The article identifies two parallel processes that characterize individuals’ involvement in digital crowds: manufacturers construct the property rights of individual users as crowd-based rights, while also working to de-crowd users in other contexts. The article compares crowd-based rights to potential group rights and individual rights in non-digital spheres, exposing the weakness of manufacturer-constituted crowd-based rights. The article concludes by discussing possible legal conceptions of the crowd and its governance.

Digital user rights and their enforcement: What is the copyright directive asking for?

AbstractArt 17 Directive 2019/790 on copyright and related rights in the Digital Single Market (CDSMD) offers not only a new perspective on service provider liability but also on user rights in the digital sphere of copyright law. The Directive obliges Member States to enable users of online content sharing service providers to assert the use of an exception or limitation before a court or another judicial authority. Hence, art 17 CDSMD foresees a subjective, that is, enforceable, right of the user deriving out of the exceptions and limitations of copyright and related rights. Yet, there is no clear guidance on how to transpose this requirement into national law, neither in art 17 CDSMD nor within the judgment of the CJEU in the annulment proceeding or the guidance of the EU Commission. This generates uncertainty for Member States, for which the concept of enforceable user rights is novel. The paper examines the requirements which art 17 CDSMD sets out for digital user rights and the difficulties for Member States to comply with them. The example of the German transposition of art 17 CDSMD shows that a high standard of user protection is not necessarily accompanied by a respective enforceability mechanism.

Wormwood, nomads’ rights, and capitalism: the birth of a chemical industry in Russian Turkestan (1870s–1914)

AbstractA variety of wormwood, Artemisia cina, once grew abundantly in the Syr-Darya province of Russian Turkestan. Santonin, a drug derived from it, was in high demand. Flowers harvested by Kazakhs were handed over to intermediaries to be processed in Europe, but from the 1880s entrepreneurs from different parts of the Russian empire established their own chemical plants in Chimkent and Tashkent. They pressured the Russian imperial government to restrict the rights of the Kazakhs on land where Artemisia cina grew, and grant them the exclusive right to exploit this resource. These entrepreneurs used conservationist arguments and advocated a ‘cultured’ approach to the management of natural resources located on supposedly ‘State land’. These attempts collided with the usage rights of the Kazakhs, as defined by Turkestan’s governing Statute. By shifting the argument to the political, rather than legal, level, the industrialists eventually gained a monopoly to the exclusion of local entrepreneurs and even assumed State-like functions. This article reconstructs this controversy and allows a glimpse into the evolving claims to natural resources in the ‘periphery’ by both Tsarist colonial power and the Kazakhs themselves. The article also explores the features of autochthonous and Russian entrepreneurship and situates Turkestan in a web of trade connections to the global pharmaceutical industry.

WhatsApp Data Policy, Data Security and Users’ Vulnerability

Several regulatory agencies regulate companies that deal with users' data, but specifically in the UK, they are regulated by the European Union General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The techniques of handling and processing data, rights of users, sanctions for defaulters, and other regulating clauses are formulated and implemented by these agencies to minimize the exploitation of the masses. Data regulation and management are essential because companies managing users' data are expected to handle data with care, caution, and due diligence. However, WhatsApp (arguably the most powerful instant messaging application in use) has been involved repeatedly in several cases that compromised the security of its users’ data over the years. The platform has become a prime target and medium for predators (con artists, fraudsters) with intentions to access users' data (phone numbers, last seen, live location, and others) for vile purposes. These cases include leaked data that could be used for marketing purposes, phishing, impersonation, and fraud. This paper highlights recent cases of data security (data leakages) and privacy policies involving WhatsApp, examining the various issues that threaten WhatsApp users and make them vulnerable to exploiters, cybercrime, and con artists. It also considers how WhatsApp can protect its users against vulnerabilities. Also, the European Union GDPR was examined in line with WhatsApp's privacy policy to measure compliance with the regulation in light of recent data breaches. 

End Users License Agreements and Legal Implications for Nigerian Users

The acceptance of EULAs by Nigerian users raises important legal implications. Users may face challenges related to privacy, data protection, intellectual property rights, and dispute resolution. EULAs are legal contracts that establish the terms and conditions under which end users can access and use software applications. Understanding EULAs is crucial for both software developers and end users. However, the complexity and length of EULAs often make them difficult for end users to comprehend and raise concerns about informed consent. The lack of user understanding and awareness regarding EULAs is a significant problem. The study examined end users license agreements and legal implications for Nigerian users. The study employed quantitative research approach and self-structured questionnaire used to collect the needed data. A sample size of two hundred and two sample of respondents was used for the study. Descriptive statistics was used to analyzed the collected data via the aid of Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). The findings revealed that EULAs have significant legal implications for users in Nigeria, shaping their legal relationship with software providers and influencing aspects like data privacy, usage rights, and dispute resolution.

Artisanal fishers’ perceptions of two co-existing kelp resource management regimes in northern Chile

As fisheries management evolves and includes new measures, it is imperative to evaluate co-existing regimes. In Chile, two kelp fishery management policies were implemented sequentially over the last 20 years and currently co-exist. We analysed fishers’ perceptions regarding the performance of a territorial user rights policy and a regional management plan policy operating in what were historically open access areas along the coastline of two important kelp production regions in northern Chile. Interviews with Directorates of fisher associations were used to report key dimensions of both regimes, their problems, benefits, and proposals for improvement. A survey was used to assess artisanal fishers’ perceptions of the outcomes of the two management regimes studied: satisfaction, perceived success, and compliance. Trust, environmental attitude, and participation in decision-making associated to both regimes were also assessed. The results of the interviews show that the majority of association Directorates mentioned illegal harvesting by unregistered fishers as the most important problem of the regional management plan regime and suggest that the state needs to invest in law enforcement as a key issue for improvement. The survey results showed that, in general, the territorial user rights regime is perceived to have higher levels of compliance, success, and generates more satisfaction. Lessons from the different management regimes can provide important insights for improving the implementation of management plans to generate synergies between co-existing management regimes.

BSAF: A blockchain-based secure access framework with privacy protection for cloud-device service collaborations

In an open Internet-of-Things (IoT) environment, cloud-device collaborative development brings more functional services to users. However, privacy disclosure risks concerning service provision and users’ accessing behavior also increase. Traditional privacy protection approaches involve a centralized system with a third-party administrative server, which has the risk of single-point failures and overlooks the issue of privacy information leakage concerning users’ behaviors. Blockchain is a decentralized and traceable technology that provides a reliable solution for secure access by users. This paper proposes a novel blockchain-based secure access framework (BSAF) for cloud-device service collaborations with privacy protection. Specifically, a key matrix encryption mechanism is used to protect the privacy of users’ behaviors, and a fully homomorphic encryption mechanism is designed to protect the privacy of service content. Two smart contracts are designed: a request verification smart contract to verify the access rights of users, and a behavior punishment smart contract to audit users’ access behaviors. Comprehensive experiments on the Ethereum blockchain network show that the proposed BSAF framework outperforms existing schemes in latency reduction and cost saving, and is more suitable for low-profile IoT devices.

Internet law and cybersecurity of the PRC

The history of the emergence and subsequent cross-border evolution of Internet law around the world is, in a sense, paradoxical. The creators of the first version of the Internet as a national security information system hardly imagined that the legal regulation of the Internet, primarily in Western Europe, would fall under the influence of the Romano-Germanic legal system. We are talking about the basic division of the national legal order for continental Europe into public law (jus publicum) and private law (jus privatum). Accordingly, cybersecurity and other public needs of the Internet in continental Europe have become the subject of public Internet law. On the contrary, the specifics and protection of the individual rights of users and entrepreneurs in the Internet space have become the subject of regulation of private Internet law. In the context of such differentiation of the Internet space, the experience of the PRC is of particular interest, where the ratio of public need and private interest, due to the specifics of Chinese civilization, cannot be interpreted in the spirit of Western European dualism.

К вопросу об оформлении прав на земельные участки, лесные участки и водные объекты, необходимые для осуществления недропользования на континентальном шельфе

The article is devoted to legal conflicts arising in connection with the absence in the current legislation of a legal mechanism for providing a person engaged in the use of the subsoil of the continental shelf, necessary for such use of a land plot, as well as a forest plot or a water body. Examples of the use of land plots for the purposes of offshore subsoil use are considered, according to the results of the study of which it is concluded that there is no uniform approach and the need to develop common criteria that do not allow limiting either the rights of the subsoil user or other subjects of land rights.

Assessing the impacts of strong user rights in fisheries: The case of the Philippines marine fisheries

Previous research has concluded that a transition to SURFs (strong user rights in fisheries) has several economic, environmental, and social impacts. In this paper, the problem of assessing the values of these impacts is considered. First, this kind of an assessment is considered in general terms. It is found that the values of the impacts depend in general on the empirical situation at hand. Therefore, a broad result that a transition to SURFs is either beneficial or detrimental does not seem to be available. Following this finding, it is attempted to evaluate empirically prominent impacts of installing SURFs in the Philippines Marine fisheries. On the basis of the available data and some simple bioeconomic modelling, it is found that the economic and biological impacts are mostly beneficial and their sum highly positive. Because of lack of data, the social impacts of SURFs could not be evaluated. However, it appears unlikely that they are detrimental enough to render a transition to SURFs inadvisable.

The right to ecology: Rohingya refugees and citizens contest over natural resources in Bangladesh

ABSTRACT More than a million Rohingya have fled Myanmar to live in Bangladesh, mostly in Cox’s Bazar district. The government has been praised worldwide for sheltering them, but this enormous influx has strained its limited resources. As the host communities struggle with the Rohingya for control over and access to the scarce natural resources they depend on for their livelihood — land, water, agriculture, and forests — tension and conflict arise. The host community members perceive that the government and aid agencies prioritize the Rohingya over the host communities in allocating resources, exacerbating their resentment. I argue that although both the locals and the Rohingya are poor and marginalized, as citizens, the locals have a stronger claim to environmental citizenship and rights to state resources. Any ecological policies taken towards the safeguarding of resource usage rights of the Rohingyas should also be inclusive and should give equal consideration to the local host community members.

The Chinese Approach to Protecting User Rights Online Compared to the EU’s DSA

The Chinese Approach to Protecting User Rights Online Compared to the EU’s DSA

Routing and Navigation Solutions for Emergency Vehicles in Urban Emergency Management

Urban population and expansion continue to rise, as have emergencies, and emergency response times are becoming longer in the city. Response times are critical in urban emergency management. Traditional navigation systems do not consider the preferential road usage rights and requirements crucial for emergency teams such as ambulances, fire departments, and police. In traditional navigation systems, features such as safety lanes and road width are not incorporated as routing criteria. Past emergency navigation studies do not contain many variables and this causes delays in emergency response processes. As a result, applications that process real-time traffic information and provide guidance according to different vehicle types are needed for emergency management.. This study aims to develop an application capable of routing for different vehicles according to criteria such as working hours, holidays, weather conditions, and seasonal effects. The application is developed with a novel approach in this context using machine learning methods and produces alternate routes with GPS navigation based on the real-time traffic situation. Moreover, the software also provides routing solutions for trucks, freight distribution, and automobiles and recommends unique routes for emergency vehicles based on factors including safety lanes, road width, corner turning angles, and right of way. The expected outcomes upon implementing this application include easy and fast access to the emergency locations, reduced response times, and improvement in urban emergency management services.

정보통신망법상 권리침해·불법정보의 범위 확대와 자율규제 가능성

In the current 21st National Assembly, a number of amendments to the Act to expand ‘illegal information’ of the Information and Communication Network Act have been submitted. In addition, many amendments to the law to strengthen the responsibility of information and communication service providers have been submitted. Illegal information has been expanded, and there are many amendments to the law that apply “temporary measures” that were applied to information on infringement of rights to illegal information. It is important to protect the freedom and rights of users in the information and communications network. However, it should not be a bill that reduces the self-regulation of business operators. The amendments to the Information and Communication Network Act submitted to the National Assembly are overlapping. The amendments to the law are criticized for failing to take into account the actual enforcement costs or enforceability. There are only a few bills that have proposed the ‘right to raise objections’ for temporary measures. Legislation was needed to indemnify business operators. However, there are no amendments to the law. Another problem is that the legal amendments are likely to violate the principle of clarity and the principle of prohibition of excess. Careful legislative activities are required to protect freedom of expression through information and communication networks and the rights of users.

The Legal Status Of Land Tenure Of Foreign Nationals Obtained Through Public Auction On The Object Of Mortgage Rights

The concept of citizenship stipulates that non-citizens are prohibited from acquiring land ownership in Indonesia, meaning that "only Indonesian citizens are eligible for land ownership rights in Indonesia." This regulation is outlined in Article 21 and Article 26, paragraph (2) of the UUPA. If a foreign national is unable to own land, they are granted land tenure status through auctions, entailing rights of usage or other entitlements. This situation can potentially lead to issues of legal ambiguity and inconsistencies in the regulations governing property rights for foreign nationals who acquire land through auctioned mortgage rights. The primary concern addressed by the author is to determine the status of the auction minutes document as proof of land rights transfer to foreign nationals and the legal status of land rights control held by foreign nationals who obtain property through mortgage rights auctions. The objective of this study is to investigate and analyze the validity of the auction minutes document as evidence of land rights transfer to foreigners and to analyze the legal status of land rights held by foreign nationals who acquire property through mortgage rights auctions. The research employs a normative juridical research method, specifically a normative legal research approach. This approach encompasses both a statutory analysis and a conceptual analysis. Based on the findings of this research: 1. The auction minutes' position as evidence of the transfer of land ownership rights to foreign nationals indicates that these minutes, prepared by the auctioneer, can serve as a valid basis for documenting the transfer of rights to foreign nationals. 2. Regarding the legal status of land ownership obtained by foreign nationals through mortgage rights auctions, it is established that such land ownership is legally valid. Foreign nationals can manage this land under usage rights status, with the utilization rights in the name of foreign nationals being subject to the prescribed rights transfer procedures.

Participatory rights of older adults at risk in adult protection case conferences

PurposeThe Adult Support and Protection (Scotland) Act 2007 (ASP Act) mandates public bodies to investigate situations of harm and to support and protect adults at risk. One of the fundamental principles of the legislation is to involve the person in the adult protection process. Older people are highly represented among those defined as adults at risk and have the right to participate in decisions about their lives. However, contextual factors can impact participatory parity, and participation can be tokenistic. Drawing on the author’s practice experience, this paper aims to explore the supports and barriers to meaningful participation in adult protection.Design/methodology/approachBased on practice during the first decade of the ASP Act, this paper uses amalgamated scenarios involving older adults at risk to illustrate some of the key themes emanating from literature.FindingsDespite Human Rights Conventions and law promoting participatory principles, research evidence and practice experience suggests that ethical principles do not always translate to practice. Within adult protection case conferences (APCCs), participation is nuanced and multifaceted, involving individual and structural facilitators and impediments. APCCs can be inhospitable environments for the adult at risk. But they also have the potential to be collaborative and supportive spaces, promoting the person’s self esteem and agency. The author plans to conduct research with service users and practitioners exploring the extent to which APCCs can facilitate meaningful participation.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the wider debate about the participatory rights of service users and the value of experiential knowledge.

Management activities in the field of environmental protection

Purpose. The purpose of this article is to consider the main elements of management in the field of environmental protection and to analyze scientific approaches to the concept and meaning of management in the field of natural resource use and environmental protection. Methodology. The methodology is determined by the analysis of regulatory and theoretical approaches to management activities in the field of environmental protection, conclusions and proposals are made accordingly. During the research, such methods of scientific knowledge as logical-semantic, comparative-legal, and the method of legal analysis were used. Logico-semantic was used to define and deepen the conceptual apparatus of "management". Comparative law and the method of legal analysis were used in the analysis of the views of scientists and the provisions of normative legal acts on this issue. Results. In the process of work, it was established that today there are a number of problems in the coordination of all participants in management activities in the field of environmental protection and nature management (we can observe illegal mining of minerals, inappropriate use of land, inadequate man-made loads). Originality. As a result of the study, it was established that the improvement of the legal foundations of management should be aimed at harmonizing the coordination and control functions of all bodies performing management functions in order to strengthen control over compliance with environmental legislation, the implementation of the state's environmental policy, and the protection of the environmental rights of users. Practical significance. The practical significance lies in the fact that the provisions set forth in the article can be used in the improvement of the legal foundations of management, in the further research of this issue.

Blockchain aware proxy re-encryption algorithm-based data sharing scheme

The blockchain stores transaction data in a distributed shared global ledger. It is challenging to strike a balance between privacy protection and usefulness while sharing data. Moreover, the dynamic adjustment of blockchain data access rights is a challenging problem. To this end, this paper suggests a blockchain data-controlled sharing scheme based on proxy re-encryption. First, a proxy re-encryption algorithm is constructed based on SM2 and the blockchain. Blockchain data sharing can give businesses a secure way to store and share data. Since this network is decentralized, and data is transmitted across a peer-to-peer network under the protection of an unchangeable cryptographic signature. Blockchain makes it more difficult to alter or hack the data. The data-controlled sharing scheme uses proxy re-encryption to protect transaction data privacy and realize data security sharing. Secondly, a dynamic adjustment mechanism for user rights is proposed. Blockchain nodes divide labor and manage re-encryption key parameters separately to achieve user access rights determinism Update, the visibility of transaction data is dynamically adjusted. Finally, the performance and security evaluation demonstrate that this scheme can realize the dynamic sharing of blockchain data while protecting transaction privacy and has advantages in computing overhead, which is better applicable to the Controlled sharing of blockchain data. This research suggests a regulated blockchain-based data-sharing system that makes use of proxy re-encryption. They are developing a proxy re-encryption algorithm with SM2 in order to fully safeguard the privacy of transaction data and to achieve data access authority determination by controlling proxy re-encryption key parameters. It is suggested to employ a hybrid attribute-based proxy re-encryption method that enables the proxy server to change attribute-encrypted cypher texts into identity-based encrypted cypher texts so that users with limited resources can access the previously encrypted material.