Right Of Domain Research Articles

La Puesta en Valor de la Ley General de Transporte Terrestre en los Pobladores de Huanta, 2023

The purpose of this work was focused on characterizing the value of the general law of land transportation in the inhabitants of Huanta, Ayacucho, Peru. The research corresponds to a quantitative method. (Héctor Cárcamo Vásquez, 2009) This law decrees the general, organizational and regulatory orientation of land transportation that governs the entire Peruvian territory (Palma, 2022). General Law of Land Transportation and Transit N. 27181, incorporated by Emergency Decree N. 019-2020, 4-A-1 establishes various obstacles for certain natural and legal persons to obtain authorized domain rights for the assistance of transportation or auxiliary services while the interference would be justified in the protection of the referred constitutional rights (Chafloque Tullume, 2022). Transportation in Peru is governed under free market principles, with legal facilities for permits and services under Law No. 27181, which establishes the general economic, organizational and regulatory criteria for road transportation and transit and applies throughout the territory of the Republic. The transporter, complying with regulatory requirements such as safety, technical condition of the vehicle, without monopolization or price standardization, has the opportunity to access, with prior authorization, on non-saturated roads, according to the services provided that are in areas or roads classified as saturated (Risco, 2020). So one of the criticisms to the people of Huanta is that they should put into practice the good management of the general transportation regulations, in order to stop committing accidents due to the same recklessness of the driver.

P-031 TREATMENT OF A VOLUMINOUS INGUINOSCROTAL HERNIA AFTER A PREOPERATIVE PNEUMOPERITONEUM PREPARATION

Abstract Voluminous inguinoscrotal hernias that have lost their “right of domain”, are usually hard to repair, and need preoperative preparations to reduce the risk of complications after the treatment, such as compartment syndrome, intestinal ischemia, and respiratory problems. In this e-poster, we present a case report of a patient who had a voluminous inguinoscrotal hernia containing most of the small intestine and the entire right colon, which we treated after a preoperative pneumoperitoneum preparation (PPP). The preparation was conducted 20 days before the surgery and the pneumoperitoneum was created through a percutaneous catheter that we inserted in the epigastric region after a radiologic control. We injected 1000 ml of air per day, and the dose was adapted to the clinical tolerance of the patient. We performed a reintegration of the hernia's volume, a resection of the hernial sac, and a reduction of the size othe profound inguinal ring via a Raphia, no intestinal resections were made, and the postoperative course was uneventful. We plan a second intervention that consists of a hernia repair by a mesh insertion and a resection of the extra skin developed as a result of the voluminous hernia. PPP is an interesting way to prepare the abdominal cavity to receive the component of a voluminous hernia after its reduction. The patient should be closely monitored during the preparation and after the surgery in order. Sometimes a second operation is necessary for definitive cure or aesthetic needs.

Preoperative Progressive Pneumoperitoneum Revisited.

Incisional hernia represents a common and potentially serious complication of open abdominal surgery, with up to 20% of all patients undergoing laparotomy subsequently developing an incisional hernia. This incidence increases to as much as 35% for laparotomies performed in high-risk patients and emergency procedures. A rarely used technique for enabling closure of large ventral hernias with loss of domain is preoperative progressive pneumoperitoneum (PPP), which uses intermittent insufflation to gradually stretch the contracted abdominal wall muscles, increasing the capacity of the abdominal cavity and allowing viscera to re-establish right of domain. This assists in tension-free closure of giant hernias which may otherwise be considered inoperable. This technique may be used on its own, or in conjunction with preoperative Botulinum Toxin A to confer paralysis to the lateral oblique muscles. These two complementary techniques, are changing the way complex hernias are managed.

Eminent Domain Law as Climate Policy

In 2019, several state legislatures adopted aggressive clean energy laws and other states are poised to do the same. These policies require electric utilities to secure all of the electricity they sell to customers from carbon-free energy resources by a specified date and many also require the state to drastically reduce carbon emissions from the transportation sector, increase energy efficiency in buildings, and otherwise decarbonize their economies. In order to meet these mandates, states must transform the physical infrastructure used to create and transport energy. This will require building new power plants that run on carbon-free energy resources like wind, solar, hydropower, or nuclear energy; constructing the electric transmission lines and other infrastructure needed to deliver these energy resources to consumers; setting standards and mandates for new buildings, vehicles, and transportation infrastructure that will reduce carbon emissions; and providing direct funding, tax incentives, new permitting processes, and staff to support the public and private actors that will implement these changes. These needs are becoming well documented. What remains completely unexplored, however, is the potential for state property law reform — most notably eminent domain law — to limit the development of fossil fuels and promote the growth of alternative energy to support these new clean energy policies. This Article contends that states should consider eliminating existing eminent domain rights for fossil fuel projects and extending eminent domain rights for clean energy projects as part of their state climate policies. Moreover, each state’s approach to eminent domain reform may differ based on the current energy mix in the state as well as the potential for technological development. These policy conversations regarding the use of eminent domain for energy projects are critical to developing robust state clean energy laws. They also can provide a useful template for Congress if, in the future, it decides to enact federal climate policy.

Preoperative progressive pneumoperitoneum complementing chemical component relaxation in complex ventral hernia repair.

A rarely used technique for enabling closure of large ventral hernias with loss of domain is preoperative progressive pneumoperitoneum (PPP), which uses intermittent insufflation to gradually stretch the contracted abdominal wall muscles, increasing the capacity of the abdominal cavity. This allows the re-introduction of herniated viscera into the abdominal cavity and assists in closure of giant hernias which may otherwise be considered inoperable. This was a prospective study assessing 16 patients between 2013 and 2015 with multi-recurrent ventral hernia. All patients were treated preoperatively with both Botulinum Toxin A (BTA) injections to the lateral abdominal wall muscles to confer flaccid paralysis, and short-term PPP to passively expand the abdominal cavity. All patients underwent serial abdominal CT imaging, with pre- and post-treatment circumference measurements of the peritoneal cavity and hernia sac, prior to undergoing operative mesh repair of their hernia. The mean hernia defect size was 236cm2, with mean 28% loss of domain. The mean overall duration of PPP was 6.2days. The mean gain in abdominal circumference was 4.9cm (5.6%) (p 0.002) after BTA and PPP. Fascial closure and mesh hernia repair were performed in all 16 patients, with no patients suffering from postoperative abdominal hypertension, ventilatory impairment, or wound dehiscence. There are no hernia recurrences to date. Eight patients (50%) experienced PPP-related complications, consisting of subcutaneous emphysema, pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, pneumocardium, and metabolic acidosis. No complication required intervention. PPP is a useful adjunct in the repair of complex ventral hernia. It passively expands the abdominal cavity, allowing viscera to re-establish right of domain. At the same time, it helps to minimize the risks of postoperative abdominal compartment syndrome and the sequelae of fascial closure under tension. However, its benefits must be carefully weighed with the risk of serious complications, such as infection, perforation, pneumothorax, and pneumomediastinum.

La valoración cualitativa y cuantitativa de la hernia abdominal con tomografía computarizada multidetector

There are increasing therapeutic possibilities in the pathology of the abdominal wall. This implies an increasing need for anatomical information. Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) has become the most commonly used technique due to the extensive information that provides of the entire abdominal and pelvic cavity, as well as for its speed of acquisition.MDCT helps to establish an efficient diagnosis of abdominal wall hernias and inguinal region, differentiating them from other situations that simulate hernias. It is also useful for accurately determining the size and morphology of the hernial orifice through multiplanar and three-dimensional reconstructions, allowing classification of the hernia pathology according to recent criteria of the European Hernia Society. This information may be relevant in patients with large hernias that present a «loss of the right of domain».MDCT allows a full assessment of the abdominal wall musculature, identifying areas of atrophy, rupture, muscle detachment or other complications. It can also show false hernias that do not require surgery, as diastasis of the rectus abdominis in the midline or weaknesses of the wall.It is important to do this exploration with functional maneuvers that increase intra-abdominal pressure (Valsalva, lateral decubitus) to reduce the number of false negatives.Thus, MDCT is the technique of choice for assessing hernia complications and postoperative complications, being very useful in the presurgical evaluation of large hernias.

Complications, Pitfalls, and Outcomes After Chest Wall Reconstruction

Chest wall and mediastinal wounds may be life-threatening. Although modern reconstruction methods with various muscle flaps have reduced morbidity and mortality, chest wall reconstruction presents unique challenges. Major categories of adverse outcomes include (1) persistent infection; (2) interference with respiratory mechanics; (3) functional deficits of the shoulder; and (4) hernias. Persistent infection may be resolved by providing coverage via muscle or omental flap, performing thorough debridement, filling the "dead space" with adequate volume, buttressing repair of visceral fistulae, and covering exposed prosthetic material with vascularized flaps. Potential deficits in respiratory mechanics and shoulder function may be avoided by stabilizing the chest wall skeleton and decreasing donor muscle functional loss. Hernias may be minimized by maintaining visceral "right of domain" to the chest and abdominal cavities. Complex reconstructive cases represent an intricate interplay of physiology, structural protection, and aesthetic considerations and require integration of several management principles.

O uso do pneumoperitônio progressivo no pré-operatório das hérnias volumosas da parede abdominal

Correction of voluminous hernias and large abdominal wall defects is a big challenge in surgical practice due to technical difficulties and the high incidence of respiratory and cardiovascular complications. To present the authors experience with inducing progressive pneumoperitoneum preoperative to surgical treatment of voluminous hernias of the abdominal wall. Retrospective study of six patients who presented voluminous hernias of the abdominal wall and were operated after installation of a pneumoperitoneum. The procedure was performed by placing a catheter in the abdominal cavity at the level of the left hypochondrium with ambient air insufflation for 10 to 15 days. Four of the six patients were female and two male. Ages ranged from 42 to 62 years. Hernia duration varied from 5 to 40 years. Four patients had incisional, one umbilical, and one inguinal hernias. Mean pneumoperitoneum time was 11.6 days. There were no complications related to pneumoperitoneum installation and maintenance. All hernias were corrected without technical difficulties. The Lichtenstein technique was used to correct the inguinal hernia, peritoneal aponeurotic transposition for one of the incisional hernias, with the rest corrected using polypropylene mesh. One death and one wall infection were observed post operatively. No recurrences were reported until now, in 4 to 36 months of follow-up. Preoperative progressive pneumoperitoneum is a safe and easy executed procedure, which simplifies surgery and reduces post-operative respiratory and cardiovascular complications. It is indicated for patients with hernias that have lost the right of domain in the abdominal cavity.

No Trespassing: Authorship, Intellectual Property Rights, and the Boundaries of Globalization (review)

Reviewed by: No Trespassing: Authorship, Intellectual Property Rights, and the Boundaries of Globalization J. G. Matthews No Trespassing: Authorship, Intellectual Property Rights, and the Boundaries of Globalization. By Eva Hemmungs Wirtén . Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2004. xii, 224 pp. $50.00. ISBN 0-8020-8835-X. Eva Hemmungs Wirtén's No Trespassing is an insightful exploration of the influences technological change and globalization wield on notions of authorship and intellectual property rights. The matter of cultural ownership lies at the heart of this book, and the author brilliantly shows how it describes the historical, dynamic tensions between private ownership of and public access to information. Indeed, the very term "cultural ownership" juxtaposes two concepts that might seem at odds. Broadly defined, "culture" denotes a common historical, social, and artistic heritage shared by a group. "Ownership," on the other hand, describes entitlements purchased by individuals and other entities with capital to spend. In many ways, suggests Hemmungs Wirtén, the ambivalence between private ownership and public access sponsors the development of copyright and intellectual property law and legislates who controls access to information, both nationally and internationally. Beginning with a reading of Victor Hugo's inaugural address to the 1878 Exposition Universelle and its subsequent influence upon the development of international copyright laws, Hemmungs Wirtén proceeds to skillfully weave together chapters on the English translation and publication of Peter Høeg's Smilla's Sense of Snow; the enduring impact that the development of photocopy machines have had on copyright legislation; media as commodities; the challenges of developing cultural property rights that are different from postcolonial and imperialistic paradigms of ownership and trade; and the safeguarding of public domain rights in respect to contemporary attempts (in the United States) to extend copyright privileges. As this summary indicates, Hemmungs Wirtén's breadth of inquiry isremarkable. Her ability to express clearly this complex topic, particularly its formidable legal aspects, is all the more impressive considering her academic background, which is in literature and information science. The author is most [End Page 291] compelling, however, when she focuses on a specific event, author, and/or work and considers its historical, legal, and theoretical significance to her topic, as she does in the first three and in the concluding chapters of this work. While chapters 4 and 5 are informative discussions on the economics of copyright and the cultural dimensions of intellectual property, respectively, they lack the interpretive dimension that distinguishes the other sections. Despite these criticisms, No Trespassing is a remarkably readable and judiciously documented volume. Chapter 2, "Inventing F. David: Author(ing) Translation," is particularly compelling in its consideration of the translation problem. Is translation a type of authorship? What are the publishing rights of authors and translators? Who has the "last word" on what translation makes it into print? No Trespassing is especially relevant in a day and age when individual rights are constantly compromised by aggressive privatization throughout the world. As global interdependence and technological progress shrink the planet, the gap between who controls and who has access to information treacherously widens. Hemmungs Wirtén convincingly argues that copyright and intellectual property rights litigation perpetuates postcolonial cycles of cultural imperialism that further divide and oppress individuals by treating information, including cultural property, as a commodity. In such a market even cultural goods and services traditionally held in the public domain, such as literature and art, are accessible for a fee. The title calls to mind lurid orange-and-black signs posted on fence posts and alley entrances warning people to stay out or stay away on pain of penalty. It evokes a sense of peril and punishment. Ironically, this book invites readers to consider timely, complex cultural and legal issues in lucid, respectful prose. No Trespassing deserves a wide readership, including students of cultural studies, publishing history, and new media. Readers interested in relationships between copyright and authorship as well as law and literary production will find this book a compelling resource. Likewise, librarians and information ethicists interested in copyright as well as the development of information regulation and data-sharing standards may discover new arguments to underscore freedom to information positions and policies that are...

Rights and Resources—Libertarians and the Right to Life

The author addresses Robert Nozick's claim that: “The particular rights over things fill the space of rights, leaving no room for general rights to be in a certain material condition.” Hence Nozick insists that rights are violated if citizens are compelled to contribute to others' welfare, however urgent their needs may be. The author argues that it is characteristic of libertarian theories that they invoke the moral sanctity of private property against welfarist or egalitarian conceptions of social justice. Nozick's version of the libertarian critique has three conceptual pillars–“right,”“thing” and “space.” On that basis Nozick claims that talk of welfare “rights” can be condemned on the plane of rights. This is true, Nozick maintains, even of “the right to life.” The author contends that this argument fails. It equivocates over the idea of “rights”; and it misconceives crucial features of property. Nozick deploys exclusive “domain rights,” whilst attacking “important‐interest rights.” His historical‐entitlement theory fails as a justification of private property. The author argues that, so far as material objects are concerned, private property institutions depend upon trespassory rules which do not impose morally binding obligations unless basic needs are catered for. Furthermore, private property institutions also comprise monetary resources to which the spatial metaphor of exclusive rights does not apply. Holdings vested in any particular person at any particular time are stamped, morally, with a mix of contestable and mutable property‐specific justice reasons. Hence it is fallacious to suppose that ownership rights together exhaust all normative space over “things.”The major objection to speaking of everyone's having a right to various things such as equality of opportunity, life, and so on, and enforcing this right, is that these “rights” require a substructure of things and materials and actions; and other people may have rights and entitlements over these. [≡] The particular rights over things fill the space of rights, leaving no room for general rights to be in a certain material condition. (Nozick 1974, 238)

Nonoperative initial management versus silon chimney for treatment of giant omphalocele

Giant omphalocele is a major clinical challenge for pediatric surgeons. Whereas small- to medium-sized defects can be repaired primarily, larger omphaloceles cannot be closed at birth because the liver and small bowel have lost the right of domain to the abdomen. Two divergent strategies have evolved for treating these giant defects: (1) use of a silon chimney with gradual reduction of the contents of the sac, and (2) initial nonoperative management (epithelialization) of the omphalocele followed by repair of the residual ventral hernia. In an 18-year retrospective study, we have reviewed our experience with these treatment methods. Ninety-four infants underwent treatment for omphalocele between 1975 and 1993. Primary closure (PC) was possible in 55 patients, silon chimney (SC) was used in 15, and 7 had nonoperative management (NM) with epithelialization. In the remaining 17 infants, surgery was believed to be inappropriate because of the lethality of their associated anomalies. Major (but potentially survivable) anomalies were present in 26% of PC, 13% of SC, and 71% of the NM group patients. The majority of the liver was present in 73% of SC- and 86% of NM-treated omphaloceles. There was a decrease in length of stay, time to enteral feeding, and mortality over the 18-year period. However, those patients whose defects could not be closed primarily had consistently longer hospital stays. This was particularly true for the SC patients. The decreased use of total parenteral nutrition seems to reflect a shift from SC to NM rather than a decrease in the interval to full enteral feeding in any given treatment group over time. The high mortality rate during the first 6 years occurred in patients with large omphaloceles that could not be closed primarily; during this interval all such patients were treated with SC. The average length of hospitalization among survivors was 13, 42, and 22 days in the PC, SC, and NM groups, respectively. Full enteral feeding was achieved earlier in the PC and NM groups than in the SC cohort. There were 8 patients with major, treatment-related complications in the SC group and 1 each in the PC and NM groups. Six deaths occurred in this series, all of which were in the SC group. Three patients in the NM group have had uncomplicated fascial closure, 2 had defects that diminished in size to the point where fascial repair has been deferred indefinitely, and the remaining 2 await repair. These findings suggest that nonoperative initial management of giant omphalocele is safer than SC placement and results in earlier enteral feeding and shorter hospital stays.

The Use of Pneumoperitoneum in the Repair of Giant Hernias.

Preoperative pneumoperitoneum is used to re-establish the right of domain for abdominal viscera before repair of otherwise inoperable giant abdominal hernias. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use and safety of preoperative pneumoperitoneum in the repair of giant hernias in relation to surgical treatment of obesity. The medical records of patients who underwent preoperative pneumoperitoneum in the treatment of giant hernias between 1953-1993 were reviewed. There were 27 patients (11 males, 16 females; mean age: 56 years) whose mean preoperative weight was 99 kg (range: 69-183). Hernias were predominantly in the midline (17). Other locations were right lower quadrant (5), right upper quadrant (3) and groin (2). The mean duration of preoperative pneumoperitoneum was 28 days (3-100). Subcutaneous emphysema developed in three patients with no sequelae. Primary repair of the giant hernia without Marlex mesh was possible in 19 patients (70%). Marlex mesh was used in seven (26%). One patient had a fascia late graft. Operative complications were one pulmonary embolus and one hematoma. There were no deaths. We conclude that preoperative pneumoperitoneum is a useful adjunct to giant hernia repair. Severe obesity should be corrected before preoperative pneumoperitoneum and hernia repair. Some patients may need mesh to replace insufficient abdominal wall or to reinforce repair.

Repair of Massive Abdominal Wall Defects: Combined Use of Pneumoperitoneum and Marlex Mesh

The most important aspects of repairing massive hernias, eventrations, or surgically created abdominal wall defects are preoperative preparation of the patient and conservative judgment in indications for use of prosthetic material. Before operation, most patients (excluding those with trauma or severe sepsis) can be prepared electively by progressive preoperative pneumoperitoneum. The procedure is safe, simple, and effective. As described, it involves no special techniques or equipment and may be carried out as an inpatient or outpatient procedure. Prosthetic material should be used only to obviate tension on a suture line, for this must scrupulously be avoided. It should not be used routinely as onlay grafts in small or moderate hernias as primary fascial suturing gives better results with few wound complications when closure without tension is possible. Progressive preoperative pneumoperitoneum, combined when necessary with Marlex mesh to obviate tension, enables closure of even gigantic defects. The technique avoids the severe and sometimes fatal preliminary complications resulting from sudden increase in abdominal pressure and diaphragmatic elevation that accompany replacement of abdominal viscera that have lost their "right of domain" with large hernias or abdominal wall defects. This technique also markedly diminishes postoperative pain and aids satisfactory pulmonary management and thus permits early postoperative mobilization and discharge from the hospital.

Preoperative progressive pneumoperitoneum in preparation for repair of large hernias of the abdominal wall

A series is presented of ten patients who had complex hernias that were treated with preoperative progressive pneumoperitoneum. The benefits of this method are indicated in the dramatic clinical picture of these patients in the postoperative period, when they are breathing without difficulty, have minor incisional pain, are ambulating with ease, voiding well, and usually hungry. The indications for preoperative progressive pneumoperitoneum are in massive hernias where the “right of domain” is lost, large scrotal hernias, with concomitant bowel surgery, in recurrent ventral hernias, in obese patients, as an alternative to using Marlex mesh, and in correcting hernias in which the prosthesis is infected. Respiratory function data are presented indicating that not only is ventilatory performance not significantly impaired during preoperative progressive pneumoperitoneum but also that it is improved in the postoperative period when this technic is used.