Community Rights Research Articles

Consultations on the System of Indigenous and Afromexican Communal Security and the Right to be Consulted in Mexico

Abstract The right to be consulted is a legal institution that originated in 1989 in the United Nations Convention 169, requiring states to conduct a consultation process of Indigenous peoples and communities on issues potentially impacting them. The Mexican state has subsequently implemented the right to be consulted in its legal system. The consultation processes were often riddled with inconsistencies and the violation of the rights of Indigenous communities and peoples. In this paper I analysed the case study of the consultation process in Guerrero, by researching press articles, engaging in participant observation and conducting interviews. I looked for similarities between the Guerrero consultations and past consultations in Juchitán, Sonora, and Campeche. I identified several violations and manipulations consistent with the history of the right to be consulted. In the last part of the article, I compared the proposed acts and established their potential impact on security in Guerrero.

The Development of Recognition and Protection of the Customary Rights of Indigenous Peoples in Indonesia

indigenous people of Indonesia occasionally experience changes to their customary rights. The Dutch East Indies government has had exclusive jurisdiction over the communities with customary law since the time of Dutch colonial rule. Following Indonesia’s independence, Agrarian development saw quite radical transformations, including the establishment of ulayat rights for communities governed by customary law. A groundbreaking law, known as Law No. 5 of 1960 addressing Basic Agrarian Regulations, was created in 1960. Ulayat rights are acknowledged for existing and being put into practice. This essay examines Indonesia’s legal community’ growing acceptance of customary rights. This kind of research refers to the norms found in statutory rules and is normative in nature because it is based on primary and secondary legal materials. The study’s findings demonstrate that for communities governed by customary law or indigenous peoples who have lost their traditional territory, recognition does not always ensure justice. The defense of their customary rights cannot be made based on government rules and legislation.
 Keywords: recognition, protection, indigenous people, Indonesia

Ukraine's parliament in war: the impact of Russia's invasion on the Verkhovna Rada's ability and efforts to legislate reforms and join the European Union

ABSTRACT Other than the Baltic countries, Ukraine has made the most progress in the transition to democracy than any other post-Soviet country. Ukraine's Parliament, the Verkhovna Rada, has been an instrumental institution in the democratisation process, and has played an increasingly significant role in furthering the public's desire to align with Europe, sometimes in opposition to Ukrainian presidents who have tried to steer the country towards Russia. Nonetheless, the path to join the European Union has not been a smooth one. On 16 September 2014, the Verkhovna Rada ratified the Association Agreement with the European Union and set out to meet its requirements. However, progress in passing the necessary reform legislation has been slow, in part due to the political dynamics operating in the country and the Parliament; proliferation of parties, repeated shifting party memberships, regional differences and oligarchic influence have all played a role in preventing agreement on reforms. The Russian invasion in February of 2022 has transformed the political dynamics in the country and the Parliament. Long-stalled reform legislation passed in a few months. This article examines the impact of Russian's invasion on the changing political dynamics that spurred Ukraine's Parliament to pursue compliance with EU requirements. It discusses the actions the Ukrainian Parliament has taken to combat corruption, improve the rule of law, and to achieve economic reform that is necessary for EU compliance. Ukraine is trying to accelerate its efforts to join the European Union and to succeed, it must meet the requirements of the EU acquis which is the body of Community rights and obligations that is binding on all the EU member states. It includes the content, principles, and obligations of the EU treaty and legislation adopted pursuant to the treaty and the case law of the Court of Justice.

The principle of coherence between internal and external migration: an apagogical argument for open borders?

ABSTRACT There is a broad consensus on the legitimacy of states to control immigration. However, this belief has recently been questioned, among other reasons, due to the contradiction with current practices in emigration and internal mobility. The principle of symmetry states that any restriction on immigration should also apply to emigration; or that, to the contrary, if there is a right to emigrate, there should be a corresponding right to immigrate. The principle of coherence posits that every reason one might have for moving within a country also counts for moving between countries. This article proposes to extend the coherence principle from external to internal migration, arguing that the same reasons that justify restrictions on mobility across borders justify restrictions on mobility within borders too. Therefore, either freedom of movement is a fundamental right or the right of the political community to control mobility prevails. The interests at stake are in both cases the same, so asymmetry is not warranted. This leads us to an apagogical argument for open borders.

Kajian Yuridis atas Ketentuan Darurat Bencana dalam Konstitusi Sebagai Jaminan Hak Asasi Manusia Korban Bencana

Indonesia faces a high risk of disasters, which require community involvement and participation in disaster management. The state cannot handle disasters without the community's help, and the research aims to examine the disaster emergency provisions in the 1945 Constitution to guarantee the human rights of disaster victims. This normative legal research found that emergency provisions are regulated in Article 12 and Article 22, granting the President emergency power. However, the 1945 Constitution does not specifically focus on the rights of communities affected by disasters or regulate the principles the government or president must adhere to in limiting or reducing constitutional rights during a disaster. Therefore, it is necessary to amend articles to include provisions that focus on the rights of people affected by disasters and the terms and conditions for limiting or reducing constitutional rights of citizens.

Presentation of a Social Responsibility Measurement Model in Tejarat Bank with a Brand-Centric Approach

Objective: Nowadays, social responsibility is considered essential for organizations, as it significantly influences various organizational outputs. Many organizations are continually striving to improve their image through the development of their social responsibilities. This study presents a model for measuring social responsibility in Tejarat Bank. Methodology: The research was conducted using a mixed-method approach (qualitative and quantitative). The qualitative sample consisted of 10 experts, and the quantitative sample included 413 managers and specialists from Tejarat Bank, with 203 individuals selected as the statistical sample using a sample size formula. In the qualitative part, an initial model including 3 dimensions, 9 components, and 45 indicators was extracted through interviews with bank experts. Subsequently, the extracted model was tested using structural equation modeling in the LISREL software environment. Findings: Results showed three main dimensions: customer-centricity (including components of responsiveness and service quality), legal and ethical (including stakeholders, employees, community rights, and organizational activities), and environmental focus (including environmental factors, online marketing, and internet service provision). Conclusion: To improve service quality, it is suggested that managers examine the customer experience in all service delivery processes and assess customers' mental satisfaction. It is also recommended that service delivery channels to customers be standardized, meaning that services received through various means (such as mobile banking, internet banking, etc.) should be uniform, and if a customer begins a service process through one channel, they should be able to continue it through another.

Critical Analysis of the Right to Health of Tribal Minorities - an Indian Perspective

India has signed the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, but the country's health care system has not received the adequate funding or attention it needs to meet the convention's standards. Health and education are crucial to realizing children's rights, but to do so we must shift away from a welfare model. Special care must be taken to ensure the health of the newborn (survival), baby (immunizations, nutrition), and preschooler (infections, development). Completely functioning health care delivery systems, well executed programs, and comprehensive accountability. All children should have access to free preventative care and basic medical treatment. The disadvantaged need access to practical health literacy education. Because of a severe lack of access to medical care, the health of indigenous people is in a precarious state. Women and children in the neighbourhood are disproportionately affected by malnutrition, which is the leading cause of mortality. The indigenous tribal people of India still face significant obstacles in the health sector, despite India's 68 years of independence. These include a lack of education, the absence of even basic health care, and food poverty. Natural resources are dwindling as a direct consequence of increasing land grabs by corporations, which is wreaking havoc on indigenous communities that have no other means of subsistence. Unemployment among native/tribal youngsters is a major problem. Hence, it becomes important to evaluate the healthcare rights of tribal communities in India. This paper is an attempt to analyse the provision of Right to Health for the tribal communities. It will further argue, whether Right to Health should be explicitly considered as a fundamental right under Part III of the Constitution of India.

The Implementation of the Acknowledgment of Rights through the Conversion of Customary Land Ownership

To ensure legal certainty and the protection of the rights of each party to land ownership, including customary lands, it is necessary for the state to regulate this matter. One of the substantial triggers for conflicts is the neglect of the rights of indigenous communities, especially concerning the recognition of customary land, and there is still confusion in land regulations. The second root cause is that the conversion process of land rights from customary land to one of the rights under the Agrarian Law (UUPA) is still fully regulated by the law. The conclusion of the research in this thesis is that the implementation of recognition through the conversion of customary land aims to acknowledge previous land rights and to ensure legal certainty, which can contribute to the realization of a just and prosperous society as envisioned by Article 33 Paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. Obstacles in the implementation of the recognition of customary land rights include the lack of legal awareness among the community, the perception that recognition by the indigenous community is already strong, a lengthy and costly conversion process, incomplete land administration systems, and a shortage of technical conversion personnel. To address these obstacles, the Land Office plays a crucial role in conducting outreach and implementing policies related to the recognition of rights through the conversion of customary land ownership.

Environmental Justice and Globalization: Putting a Focus on Indigenous Peoples and Local Community Rights and Perspectives

The right to participate in matters of local importance for communities as well as for Indigenous Peoples are increasingly recognized. This article analyses the continuous existence of deterrents to environmental justice from the perspective of social leaders who have worked in the defence of environmental and Indigenous rights in Colombia, Peru and Chile. This article argues that community rights and interests are relegated as a consequence of notions of development that are solely based on economic growth. This lack of a proper balance between a market-driven vision of development with local and Indigenous perspectives of development is manifested in different obstacles to effective participation and could also be explained by post-colonial dynamics. The research identifies seven particular obstacles that environmental and Indigenous rights defenders face to make their voices and perspectives be heard, namely: a total denial to binding mechanisms for participation, lack of information and transparency surrounding projects with a significant impact to local environments, unwillingness of State actors to supervise extractive industries, lack of access to environmental justice, lack of recognition by local authorities, in particular of Indigenous representatives, deception to the agreements between mining companies and the local communities as well as bureaucratic practices and judicial persecution, stigmatization and threats to the lives of environmental and Indigenous leaders.

The Construction of Orientalism in Doris Lessing's The Grass is Singing

This article studies the construction of Orientalism in the novel The Grass is Singing by Doris Lessing. Doris Lessing is a British writer born in Persia who won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2007. As a white writer, Lessing is known as a writer who fights for the rights of the black community. Still, in this novel, she sharpens the negative image of the blacks as described in the theory of Orientalism. Orientalism focuses on the West’s view of the East. In the novel, Orientalism was carried out by The West against The East, represented by Mary Turner as white people and Moses as the black. This study aims to dismantle the Orientalist discourse in the novel. The study applied the theory of Orientalism proposed by Edward Said (1979). The Orientalist discourse in The Grass is Singing is constructed in the form of stereotypes and oppression against the black people in Southern Rhodesia. Racism, colonialism, and the politics of Apartheid done by white people in the novel showcase the white superiority toward the inferior black.

Assessing the Impact of Land Development Regulations on Customary Land Values: A Case Study of Rempang and IKN in Indonesia

The relocation of Indonesia’s capital city from Jakarta to East Kalimantan (IKN Nusantara) is an ambitious project aimed at reducing pressure on Jakarta and promoting more balanced development across the country. However, land development regulations in IKN often conflict with the customary land values held by local communities. Additionally, land rights regulations under the IKN Law contradict the agrarian reform goals intended by the Basic Agrarian Law of 1960. A similar situation occurs in Rempang, where Indigenous communities are burdened with proving ownership of land that is being “seized” under the National Strategic Project (PSN). This is in stark contrast to the constitutional spirit of protecting indigenous rights, which only requires recognition “as long as they still exist.” This study aims to assess the impact of land development regulations on customary land values, focusing on case studies in Rempang and IKN Nusantara in Indonesia. A qualitative approach is used in this research, with data collection methods including in-depth interviews with local stakeholders, policy document analysis, and participatory observation. Rempang and IKN were chosen as case studies because they represent conflicts between development regulations and customary land values. The research found that land development regulations often disregard the rights of indigenous communities, leading to conflicts and dissatisfaction among local communities. In Rempang, Indigenous communities face significant challenges in proving their land ownership, which is constitutionally recognized but overlooked in the implementation of PSN policies. In IKN Nusantara, the implementation of national policies shows significant gaps with local practices, exacerbating tensions and dissatisfaction. Additionally, the study reveals a lack of effective mechanisms to involve indigenous communities in the decision-making process regarding land development, leading to further exclusion and marginalization. To achieve sustainable and inclusive development in IKN Nusantara and Rempang, policymakers must consider and integrate customary land values into development regulations. Policy recommendations include more intensive consultations with indigenous communities, stronger recognition of indigenous land rights, and revising regulations to respond more to local needs. A more participatory and inclusive approach is necessary to reduce conflicts and ensure development benefits all stakeholders. In Rempang, in particular, fair and transparent mechanisms are needed for land rights proof in line with the constitutional spirit.

Deadly Coal Social Campaign in Environmental Advocacy Efforts for Indigenous Community of Kalimantan

In the midst of the high production of coal to meet the energy needs of society, JATAM strives to carry out a social campaign for environmental advocacy in the indigenous communities of Kalimantan. The purpose of this article is to describe the management of JATAM's deadly coal campaign in advocating for the environmental rights of indigenous communities in Kalimantan due to coal mining activities. A qualitative research approach was chosen to uncover data to address these objectives. The data collection techniques employed were interviews and documentation through online media monitoring. The data analysis technique utilized three stages: data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results obtained indicate that the campaign aims to advocate for the rights of indigenous communities in Kalimantan to have a safe and healthy environment without mining contamination. The primary target audience includes indigenous communities and the government. In its implementation, JATAM engages in discussions and provides writing training for indigenous communities. Furthermore, JATAM collaborates with Greenpeace and other international NGOs to conduct on-the-ground lobbying of government policies through various actions. The targeted communities have shown a change in attitude and behavior, demonstrating acceptance and willingness to learn about the impacts of mining and their rights to life in their indigenous land.

Kontroversi Revisi Undang-Undang Minerba Terhadap Hak Asasi Manusia Masyarakat Hukum Adat

Law no. 3 of 2020 is predicted to be able to improve mineral and coal mining by integrating the concept of real participation in the community. In fact, the Minerba Law has sparked polemics on human rights issues. This research aims to find out what are the controversial regulations on the Human Rights of Indigenous Peoples contained in the Minerba Law and the community's efforts to fight for human rights contained in the Minerba Law. This research uses normative juridical methods, namely research starting from statutory regulations, books, scientific journals and websites. The results of the research are that there are several articles that have multiple interpretations regarding the rights of customary law communities which are detrimental to the community. This controversy has certainly drawn a response from the public whose efforts are to carry out a judicial review at the Constitutional Court. Constitutional Court Decision Number 37/PUU-XIX/2022 Revision of Law Number 4 of 2009 concerning Mineral and Coal Mining as partly amended by Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation to the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia seems to provide a wide path to oligarchic profit-seekers rather than paying attention to the welfare of the Indonesian people. Looking at the problems above, the role of regional government is a solution in making regional legal product policies that can provide solutions for empowering, fostering respect and protection of MHA as a subject of development.

Ukrainian universities at the time of war: From occupation to temporary relocation.

This paper presents a deep analysis of the impact of the Russian occupation on the activities of Berdyansk State Pedagogical University in Ukraine. This reflection sheds light on numerous challenges faced by the university community under occupation due to the the Russia's full-scale war against Ukraine, particularly emphasizing human rights violations and academic freedom. Utilizing a mixed-method approach, this study employs document analysis, online surveys, and semi-structured interviews. The findings reveal a profound impact of war and occupation on academic and physical freedom. We share the experiences of staff and students during life under occupation, which are filled with fear of violent actions by the occupiers. Berdyansk State Pedagogical University had to adapt to changing conditions, transitioning to a digital educational platform and decentralizing its structure while concurrently fulfilling its third mission: social service and support of the university community and Berdyansk local community. Our research-reflective piece calls for intervention and further research toward developing effective strategies to protect the rights of staff and students of higher educational institutions in conditions of war and occupation. Conclusions provide a critical view of the catastrophic consequences for academic communities and science if timely measures are not taken.

A THEORETICAL STUDY ON NEGATIVE EXTERNALITIES AND THE FREE-RIDER PROBLEM IN NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT FROM ISLAMIC LAW PERSPECTIVE

This paper aims to address two major problems faced throughout the production and management of natural resources, which are negative externality and free-rider problem and to offer some relevant solutions and suggestions for policymakers within the framework of Islamic Law. In this paper, a descriptive research methodology was used to identify the problems, using a conceptual analysis model as a primary method used throughout the research. Deductive reasoning was employed to derive specific predictions from general theories and established Islamic jurisprudence principles. The research findings indicate that the negative externality and free-rider problem extend beyond economic concerns and are intricately linked to the violation of rights within the framework of Islamic law. It is evident that both negative externalities and the free-riding of natural resources can lead to violations of human rights (ḥuqūq al-‘ibād) and community rights (ḥuqūq Allāh). This observation underscores a critical intersection of economic and legal dimensions within an Islamic context. The practical and social implications of the study highlight the need for Islamic economic and environmental policies to align with Islamic law and ethics, prioritize public interest and well-being, and promote responsible resource stewardship and sustainability. Additionally, the study encourages policymakers to adopt a global perspective, recognizing their role as stewards in a broader context. To the best of the author’s knowledge, this paper is the first study on dealing with negative externality and free rider problems from Islamic legal theory point of view.

Human Dignity in the Criminal Process: A Lesson Learned from Torture Case in Germany

The research aims to analyze the prevising human dignity in the criminal process, especially in cases regarding torture for good purposes. In the interrogation process, the preparator does not give any information about the hostage; at the same time, the hostage’s condition becomes critical. Does harm given to the preparator without causing injuries within a short time to save a hostage be accepted and not violate human dignity? The researcher conducts document research and applies a comparative law approach to answer the question. The study compares Indonesian and German legal systems to show the different perspectives on the issue. The research shows that historical and cultural dimensions shape the concept of human dignity in each legal system, and it has a consequence with the idea of proportionally deterring torture for good purpose action. Under Germany's legal system, this action cannot be accepted because human dignity is the supreme value of the Constitution. It is a bit different from the Indonesian legal system, where the concept of human dignity shall maintain a balance between individual and community rights; the action might be accepted with strict requirements.

Pervasive State Control On Temples: An Administrative Furore?

It all started with the eviction proceedings of a practicing advocate who was a tenant on the premises of the temple owned by the royal family of Travancore. The action of the executive officer who tried to oust the practicing advocate from the land on which he was a tenant was challenged. The predisposition of the tenant was that the executive officer himself lacked the authority to exercise powers by holding his office. In addition to that, the person vide whom he was appointed under hand and seal lacked the authority to do so since his authority in office was questioned. This spiked the fire of the famous Padmanabhaswamy Temple dispute which not only underscores pervasive state control but also speaks volumes of the pseudo-secularism in the exercise of administrative privileges present in the country. The action of a religious community to agree to the state control over its religious institutions on the condition prevailing that, the state shall hold the authority to take care of funds and management of transactions but not the religious activities of the Institution is a drowning Armada sure to sink. This is because the community is oblivious to the fact that investment in secularism starts with transactions undertaken and monetary power conferred. That the religious institution be governed by a secular body in addition to which the latter be vested with the power to make appointments of significant position holders to the religious institution goes against the very spirit of the provisions of the constitution. The right of a religious community to administer its religious institution which is not secular, perhaps essentially religious is an Essential Religious Practice or at least significant for carrying out its Essential Religious Practices. The Padmanabhaswamy Temple Verdict of the Apex Court, by taking into consideration the intricacies of the Covenant and interpretation of its clauses has accurately differentiated between the right of the state to supervise and the unwritten privilege enjoyed by it to control and administer. This paper focuses on:•Evolution of essential religious practice and its applicability to the Padmanabhaswamy Temple issue;•In-depth analysis of the Padmanabhaswamy Temple vis-a-vis the Kerala High Court judgment;•Shedding light on inspiring factors of the verdict: The Shirur Math Judgment and Chidambaram Temple Verdict that propelled as clarion calls for self-governance of religious institutions;•Highlighting how rampant and essential the judgment is for the community in the light of the Hindu Religious Endowment Board Act, 1951 and the reignited hope in the Judiciary along with constitutional provisions reinstated by it.

Social and Environmental Conflicts: Conservation Units as an Element Generating Conflicts Involving Traditional Peoples and Communities

Purpose: The Study aims to conceptualize what Conservation Units are within a look at the way they are constituted; also bringing the concept of Traditional Peoples and Communities, how they recognize themselves as culturally differentiated peoples. The Study is based on Conservation Units and sustainable development, with an analysis of territorial and social conflicts. Method: Methodologically, we analyze the relationship and the related conflicts, analyzing their legal structures and scientific articles. Such as the Federal Constitution, Scientific Studies of the Federal Public Ministry, Ongoing Federal Court Processes. Results and conclusion: The State and Society have the duty to raise awareness in a more emphatic and effective way by being a defender and propagator of knowledge among traditional peoples and communities, the importance of environmental preservation and sustainable development. Participatory management to bring balance between Traditionalists, the State, Large Companies, Investors, Loggers, Garimpeiros and Farmers so that the interests of the different branches of our society can be made compatible. The lack of resolution would imply an agreement to minimize the negative impacts on Traditional Peoples and Communities. Research implications: The proposed research has significant implications and offers substantial value for several reasons: Conceptualization and In-depth Analysis: Understanding Conservation Units: Detailed exploration of the formation and constitution of Conservation Units, offering a broad and conceptual view. Identification of Traditional Peoples: Addresses the identity and recognition of Traditional Peoples and Communities, highlighting their distinct cultural characteristics. Analysis of Relationships and Conflicts: Examination of the Relationship between Traditional Peoples and Conservation Units: Offers a critical analysis of the conflicts emerging from the overlap between the territories of Traditional Peoples and the areas of Conservation Units. Legal and Scientific Base: Solid foundation through the analysis of legal structures and review of scientific articles, offering a robust theoretical basis. Search for Solutions and Resolution of Conflicts: Focus on Conflict Resolution: Proposes the search for solutions that can harmonize the interests of Traditional Peoples and Conservation Units, aiming for peaceful coexistence and mutual respect. Emphasis on Dialogue and Harmonious Coexistence: Originality/value: Interdisciplinary Approach: The intersection between legal, environmental and social issues offers a unique perspective, adding value to the scientific field. Contribution to Public Policies: The results can guide more inclusive and sustainable policies, seeking to balance environmental conservation and the rights of traditional communities. The research seeks to transcend the simple description of conflicts, aiming to contribute to the resolution of these complex impasses, promoting harmonious and sustainable coexistence between Traditional Peoples and Conservation Units. Its originality and conceptual and practical breadth are key factors that add value and relevance to the study.

Hukum Agraria Berdasarkan Kearifan Lokal Pulau-Pulau Kecil Perbatasan dan Hukum Lingkungan Hidup Wilayah Pulau-Pulau Kecil Perbatasan

Ownership rights to land as a type of property right are very important for the state, nation, and people of Indonesia as an agrarian society which is developing towards industrial development and so on, but land is the basic life for humans. Various existing governance concepts, its validity as a basis for agrarian management must be tested again. With these actions, it is hoped that there will be synergy between agrarian issues and an environmentally based management orientation. The aim of the service is to provide legal understanding related to agrarian law based on local wisdom and environmental law in small island border areas. The Service Method is carried out in a lecture by each presenter, the presenter is given time to present the material, after that the participants are invited to ask problems or questions which are then answered in turn by the presenters according to the problem being asked. The results of this community service activity are one form of tridharma activity for educators to play a role in resolving problems that occur in the community, especially regarding Agrarian Law Based on Local Wisdom and Environmental Law on Small Border Islands through legal counseling that discusses the customary rights of customary law communities. encounters development, resulting in changes in the community's living environment.

Evaluasi Peraturan Dusun Nomor 03 Tahun 2020 Tentang Larangan Membuka Aurat/Wajib Berhijab (Studi Kasus: Dusun Baru Pusat Jalo Kecamatan Muko Muko Bathin VII Kabupaten Bungo)

This research is entitled, Evaluation of Hamlet Regulation Number 03 of 2020 concerning Prohibition of Revealing the Private Parts/Compulsory Hijab (Case Study: Dusun Baru Pusat Jalo, Muko Muko Bathin VII District, Bungo Regency) and to find out the background to the problem of implementing regulations regarding hijab, the obstacles faced by the Hamlet Government in its implementation and efforts to overcome these obstacles. The method used in this research is a qualitative research method which is a descriptive study. The method used in this research is a qualitative research method which is a descriptive study. The informant selection technique used by researchers in this research was the purposive sampling method (a technique for determining samples with certain considerations). The results of this research indicate that the evaluation of Hamlet Regulation Number 03 of 2020 concerning the Prohibition of Revealing the Private Parts/Compulsory Hijab in the Dusun Baru Pusat Jalo Area, Muko-Muko Bathin VII District is not completely good, this can be seen from: First; Scope. Has been implemented in accordance with the provisions, Second; Prohibition Provisions. There are still people who violate the provisions, especially men who wear shorts. Third; Community Rights and Obligations have been fulfilled properly. Fourth; Penalty. The New Central Jalo Government has implemented warning sanctions or verbal warnings but has not implemented administrative sanctions. The obstacles faced by the Hamlet Government include finding women who do not wear the hijab leaving the house and finding men who wear shorts when leaving the house. Lack of socialization carried out by hamlet officials regarding hamlet regulations regarding the Prohibition of Opening Aurat. There have been no administrative sanctions imposed on people who violate it, even though they have committed several violations