Rich Family Research Articles

여성 자살생존자의 삶에 대한 내러티브 연구

Objectives This study aims to understand the lives of suicide survivors through research and to present practical measures that can be applied in counseling psychology.
 Methods The researcher approached through a narrative inquiry method. Narrative inquiry was carried out in the order of research design, entering the research site, text composition at the research site, composition of the research text from the field text, and writing the research text. The text was constructed by conducting five in-depth interviews with the study participants, and the stories of the study participants were interpreted and analyzed in the three-dimensional narrative space (time, spatiality, and sociality) presented by Clandinin and Connelly.
 Results In terms of time, the themes of childhood when she was born as the third daughters of rich daughter family and spent her life in fear of being abandoned, involuntary work life shackled by Big Mother, meeting an adoptee and breaking fantasy while living abroad at the invitation of her sister, maladjustment of a black-haired husband, and suicide of husband and forming a new family were appeared. In terms of spatiality, the themes appeared as Cinderella’s prison, where dreams were reserved, a gloomy world as a lonely alien, family violence in a symbolic violence society, and exposure to violence of gaze. In terms of sociality, the themes of heteronomy using obedience as the rule’s of conduct in life, reservation of self-rights into solidified habit, self-returning of criticism, daughter as a purpose of life, not a daughter, and reconstruction of memory as co-victim and discovery of a path to revival were appeared.
 Conclusions Based on the results the researcher discussed social prejudice and criticism experienced by the narrator, excessive guilt and shame, and harsh cultural violence against suicide survivors, especially female spouses and proposed a suggestion that support the recovery of suicide survivors and their lives in terms of counseling based on the discussion.

Diversity of the Pteridoflora of Montane Northwestern Mexico

This study compiles and updates the checklist of ferns and lycophytes from the Sierra Madre Occidental (SMOc). For this, we revised information on these taxa from regional floristic studies, databases, and herbaria. Our updated list includes 312 species, of which 276 are ferns and 36 are lycophytes integrated into 27 families and 75 genera. The richest families are Pteridaceae (118), Polypodiaceae (31), Selaginellaceae (30), Aspleniaceae (25), and Dryopteridaceae (25). The three most diverse genera were Selaginella (30), Asplenium (25), and Myriopteris (22). The species-rich Mexican states that include the SMOc are Durango (166 species), Chihuahua (149), and Jalisco (146). As in other tropical mountains, species richness in the SMOc is concentrated at the elevation interval of 1500 to 2000 m (236 species). The mid-mountain vegetation forests (Quercus and Pinus-Quercus forests) harbor the most pteridoflora richness (52% of the species). Four species of ferns are listed as threatened in the Mexican Official Norm NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010, 17 species are listed in the IUCN, and only one tree ferns are in CITES. The SMOc has a Nearctic affinity, and its fern and lycophyte diversity are lower than in other Mexican Transition Zone mountain chains, such as the Sierra Madre del Sur, the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt, and the Sierra Madre Oriental. Notwithstanding, its biological composition is unique and distinctive. The species number reported in the SMOc represents 31% of the pteridoflora diversity recorded in Mexico.

Charting Ba-Based Double Perovskite Oxides for Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalytic Water Splitting

Realizing green hydrogen generation is contingent on developing low-cost, ecofriendly, and viable photocatalysts for water splitting. Using first-principles screening, we filtered out several Ba-based double perovskites (i.e., Ba2BB′O6) that are desired for such applications. Detailed chemical and electronic structure analyses reveal that all of the studied double perovskites, despite their disparate compositions, fall into five classes, depending on the orbital occupancy of the B and B′ cations. Of the five different classes, class I with the B = B′ = d10s0 electronic configuration has proper band gap ranges (1.4–2.8 eV) and significant optical absorption coefficients, making them viable photocatalysts for visible-light-driven one- and two-photon water-splitting reactions. Among the materials examined, Ba2AgIO6, Ba2CdTeO6, Ba2InSbO6, and Ba2BiSbO6, the only class V materials, stand out for their favorable optical absorptions and low exciton binding energies. The other classes include perovskites with large band gaps (>3 eV) that are suggested as transparent anode and cathode shields to protect photocatalysts from corrosion. Our findings provide valuable insights into exploring a rich family of nontoxic, highly effective Ba-based double perovskites for photocatalytic water-splitting applications.

Alarming Trends of Cesarean Section—Time to Rethink: Evidence From a Large-Scale Cross-sectional Sample Survey in India

Cesarean section (CS) delivery rate has increased significantly both globally and in India, thereby posing a burden on overstretched health systems. This study plans to understand the factors associated with CS rate with an objective to (1) analyze the trends of CS delivery from 1998-99 to 2019-21 and (2) understand the proximate determinants of CS deliveries in India. Analysis of secondary data (National Family Health Survey) of a nationally representative sample of 230,870 women (year 2019-21) was undertaken to explore the trends, distribution, and determinants of CS deliveries in India and within states. Multivariable analyses were performed to determine the proximate variables associated with CS and elective CS. The relative interaction effect of confounding factors, such as number of antenatal care (ANC) visits, place of residence, and wealth status, on cesarean delivery was assessed. A composite index was generated using trust, support, and intimate partner violence variables (termed the partner human capital index [PHI]) to study its influence on CS deliveries, with a low PHI indicating abusive partner and a high PHI indicating supportive partner. Statewise spatial distribution of the most significantly associated factors, namely, wealth quintile and ANC checkups, were also analyzed. The overall prevalence of CS was 21.50% (49,634/230,870) which had risen from 16.72% (2312/13,829) in 1998-99. The adjusted odds of CS deliveries were significantly higher among women who were highly educated (odds ratio [OR] 7.30, 95% CI 7.02-7.60; P<.001), had 4 or more ANC visits (OR 2.28, 95% CI 2.15-2.42; P<.001), belonging to the high-wealth quintile (OR 7.87, 95% CI 7.57-8.18; P<.001), and from urban regions. Increasing educational level of the head of the household (OR 3.05, 95% CI 2.94-3.16; P<.001) was also found to be a significant determinant of CS deliveries. The odds of selection of elective and emergency CS were also significantly higher among women from richer families (OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.25-2.21; P<.001) and those belonging to Christian religion (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.14-2.43; P=.008). Adjusting the cesarean delivery by PHI, the odds of outcome were significantly higher among women with moderate and high PHI compared with those with low PHI (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.36-1.56 and OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.49-1.74, respectively; P<.001 for both). The interaction effect result reiterates that women with more than 4 ANC checkups, high PHI, and belonging to the richer wealth quintile were more likely to undergo cesarean delivery (OR 22.22, 95% CI 14.99-32.93; P<.001) compared with those with no ANC visit, low PHI, and poorest women. The increasing trend of CS deliveries across India is raising concerns. Better education, wealth, and good support from the partner have been incriminated as the contributory factors. There is a need to institute proper monitoring mechanisms to assess the need for CS, especially when performed electively.

Gruenberg–Kegel graphs: Cut groups, rational groups and the prime graph question

Abstract The Gruenberg–Kegel graph of a group is the undirected graph whose vertices are those primes which occur as the order of an element of the group, and distinct vertices p, q are joined by an edge whenever the group has an element of order pq. It reflects interesting properties of the group. A group is said to be cut if the central units of its integral group ring are trivial. This is a rich family of groups, which contains the well-studied class of rational groups, and has received attention recently. In the first part of this paper, we give a complete classification of the Gruenberg–Kegel graphs of finite solvable cut groups which have at most three elements in their prime spectrum. For the remaining cases of finite solvable cut groups, we strongly restrict the list of the possible Gruenberg–Kegel graphs and realize most of them by finite solvable cut groups. Likewise, we give a list of the possible Gruenberg–Kegel graphs of finite solvable rational groups and realize as such all but one of them. As an application, we completely classify the Gruenberg–Kegel graphs of metacyclic, metabelian, supersolvable, metanilpotent and 2-Frobenius groups for the classes of cut groups and rational groups, respectively. The prime graph question asks whether the Gruenberg–Kegel graph of a group coincides with that of the group of normalized units of its integral group ring. The recent appearance of a counter-example for the first Zassenhaus conjecture on the torsion units of integral group rings has highlighted the relevance of this question. We answer the prime graph question for integral group rings for finite rational groups and most finite cut groups

A generalized Bayes framework for probabilistic clustering

Summary Loss-based clustering methods, such as k-means clustering and its variants, are standard tools for finding groups in data. However, the lack of quantification of uncertainty in the estimated clusters is a disadvantage. Model-based clustering based on mixture models provides an alternative approach, but such methods face computational problems and are highly sensitive to the choice of kernel. In this article we propose a generalized Bayes framework that bridges between these paradigms through the use of Gibbs posteriors. In conducting Bayesian updating, the loglikelihood is replaced by a loss function for clustering, leading to a rich family of clustering methods. The Gibbs posterior represents a coherent updating of Bayesian beliefs without needing to specify a likelihood for the data, and can be used for characterizing uncertainty in clustering. We consider losses based on Bregman divergence and pairwise similarities, and develop efficient deterministic algorithms for point estimation along with sampling algorithms for uncertainty quantification. Several existing clustering algorithms, including k-means, can be interpreted as generalized Bayes estimators in our framework, and thus we provide a method of uncertainty quantification for these approaches, allowing, for example, calculation of the probability that a data point is well clustered.

Cyanido-Bridged Heterobimetallic Molecular Squares: Low-Dimensional Models of Prussian Blue Analogues and Beyond

The cyanido-bridged square-like molecules with d/f metal ions occupying the corners of the square are considered molecular models of the Prussian Blue Analogues (PBAs) because they reproduce one face of their 3D face-centered cubic structure, being called low-dimensional PBAs. Such highly regular complexes provide unique insights into the short-range magnetic exchange interaction between the metal ions of PBAs and exhibit magnetic properties which are not found for PBAs. This review focuses on the preparative routes and magneto-structural characterization of d-d(d′)/d-f tetranuclears with a square-like topology generating rich families of molecular switches and nanomagnets. Relevant examples that provided a better comprehension of the magnetic behavior of PBAs, including subtle chemical factors that interfere in the photo- and thermally induced electron transfer are reviewed herein. A special attention is paid to the design of d-f cyanido-bridged squares, less numerous compared to the d-d/d′ ones, that proved to be suitable model compounds for the theoretical treatment of the magnetic exchange interaction between d and f spin carriers across the cyanide ligand. The square-shaped PBAs represent a very active area of research that is enriched yearly with new examples with potential for the development of molecular-scaled electronic devices.

Double burden of malnutrition among women of reproductive age in Bangladesh: A comparative study of classical and Bayesian logistic regression approach.

Although the prevalence of undernutrition among women of reproductive age has declined in Bangladesh, the increase in the prevalence of overnutrition remains a major challenge. To achieve Sustainable Development Goal 2.2, it is important to identify the drivers of the double burden of malnutrition on women in Bangladesh. The Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey, 2017-2018 was used to model the relationship between the double burden of malnutrition among women and the risk factors using a logistic regression model under the classical and Bayesian frameworks and performed the comparison between the regression models based on the narrowest confidence interval. Regarding the Bayesian application, the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm with two types of prior information (historical and noninformative prior) was used to simulate parameter estimates from the posterior distributions. The Boruta algorithm was used to determine the significant predictors. Almost half of reproductive aged women experienced a form of malnutrition (12% were underweight, 26.1% were overweight, and 6.8% were obese). In terms of the narrowest interval estimate, it was found that Bayesian logistic regression with informative priors performs better than the noninformative priors and the classical logistic regression model. Women who were older, highly educated, from rich families, unemployed, and from urban residences were more likely to experience the double burden of malnutrition. This study recommended using the historical prior as the informative prior rather than the flat/noninformative prior to estimating the parameter uncertainty if historical data are available. The double burden of malnutrition among women is a major public health challenge in Bangladesh. This study was to determine the impact of effective risk factors on the double burden of malnutrition among women by applying the Bayesian framework. Using both informative and noninformative priors, "historical prior" was proposed as informative prior information. The main strength is that the proposed prior (historical prior) provided improved estimation as compared to the flat prior distribution.

Atlantic flower-invertebrate interactions: A data set of occurrence and frequency of floral visits.

Encounters between flowers and invertebrates are key events for the functioning of tropical forests. Assessing the structure of networks composed of the interactions between those partners leads to a better understanding of ecosystem functioning and the effects of environmental factors on ecological processes. Gathering such data is, however, costly and time-consuming, especially in the highly diverse tropics. We aimed to provide a comprehensive repository of available flower-invertebrate interaction information for the Atlantic Forest, a South American tropical forest domain. Data were obtained from published works and "gray literature," such as theses and dissertations, as well as self-reports by co-authors. The data set has ~18,000 interaction records forming 482 networks, each containing between one and 1061 interaction links. Each network was sampled for about 200 h or less, with few exceptions. A total of 641 plant genera within 136 different families and 39 orders were reported, with the most abundant and rich families being Asteraceae, Fabaceae, and Rubiaceae. Invertebrates interacting with these plants were all arthropods from 10 orders, 129 families, and 581 genera, comprising 2419 morphotypes (including 988 named species). Hymenoptera was the most abundant and diverse order, with at least six times more records than the second-ranked order (Lepidoptera). The complete data set shows Hymenoptera interacting with all plant orders and also shows Diptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, and Hemiptera to be important nodes. Among plants, Asterales and Fabales had the highest number of interactions. The best sampled environment was forest (~8000 records), followed by pastures and crops. Savanna, grasslands, and urban environments (among others) were also reported, indicating a wide range of approaches dedicated to collecting flower-invertebrate interaction data in the Atlantic Forest domain. Nevertheless, most reported data were from forest understory or lower strata, indicating a knowledge gap about flower-invertebrate interactions at the canopy. Also, access to remote regions remains a limitation, generating sampling bias across the geographical range of the Atlantic Forest. Future studies in these continuous and hard-to-access forested areas will yield important new information regarding the interactions between flowers and invertebrates in the Atlantic Forest. There are no copyright restrictions on the data set. Please cite this data paper if the data are used in publications and teaching events.

Whole genome sequence characterization of Aspergillus terreus ATCC 20541 and genome comparison of the fungi A. terreus

Aspergillus terreus is well-known for lovastatin and itaconic acid production with biomedical and commercial importance. The mechanisms of metabolite formation have been extensively studied to improve their yield through genetic engineering. However, the combined repertoire of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), cytochrome P450s (CYP) enzymes, and secondary metabolites (SMs) in the different A. terreus strains has not been well studied yet, especially with respect to the presence of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). Here we present a 30 Mb whole genome sequence of A. terreus ATCC 20541 in which we predicted 10,410 protein-coding genes. We compared the CAZymes, CYPs enzyme, and SMs across eleven A. terreus strains, and the results indicate that all strains have rich pectin degradation enzyme and CYP52 families. The lovastatin BGC of lovI was linked with lovF in A. terreus ATCC 20541, and the phenomenon was not found in the other strains. A. terreus ATCC 20541 lacked a non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (AnaPS) participating in acetylaszonalenin production, which was a conserved protein in the ten other strains. Our results present a comprehensive analysis of CAZymes, CYPs enzyme, and SM diversities in A. terreus strains and will facilitate further research in the function of BGCs associated with valuable SMs.

Women’s education, knowledge and competence in Ancient Greece

The paper deals with women?s education in Ancient Greece. In ancient times, women were dominated by men throughout the Greek world, while their roles and competence were strictly defined (albeit differently across various city-states). Although not all women were deprived of education, their education was almost never organized by the city-state. Women?s knowledge and voice were never welcome in the public domain. However, the picture of women?s education, knowledge and competences is not one-dimensional and it would be wrong to claim that those did not exist. Foreign women sometimes had more freedom of education and free communication with men than Greek citizens? wives (especially in Athens); education was also available for girls from rich families; some city-states other than Athens were less restrictive towards their women. The other aspect of the issue was the fact that there was some knowledge available to women, and in some professions, women did not appear as an exception, but rather as a rule. Such was the case of midwives, women physicians and herbal specialists/pharmacists. Their prominent role in the private domain did not only involve care of home and closest kin, but also rituals, and this should be considered an important aspect of women?s competence. However, researching women?s education and knowledge in antiquity is a difficult task, because veils of silence were cast over women?s voices in ancient times, including those that attempted to break through the barriers of their age.

Apifloristic diversity in the eastern Mediterranean region: Implications for biodiversity conservation and use

The ecological role of honeybees in the world and their value for sustainable agriculture and food industry are more important than ever. For this reason, we study the apiflora in the eastern Mediterranean region of Turkiye in the context of planning bee forests aimed at biodiversity conservation. The results show that honeybee forests are quite rich in both endemism and apifloristic diversity. A total of 511 plant taxa belonging to 264 genera and 59 families were identified, of which 335 (65%) taxa were evaluated as nectar (N) and/or pollen (P) bearing honey plants (45 N, 54 P, and 236 N&amp;P). In terms of apiflora, the richest families are Fabaceae (n=76, 3 N, 73 N&amp;P), Lamiaceae (n=57, 19 N, 38 N&amp;P) and Asteraceae (n=44, 1 N, 10 P, 33 N&amp;P). Nectariferous plants were more common at higher elevations, while polleniferous plants were more common at lower elevations. According to the Shannon-Wiener diversity index, the highest diversity values were found in honeybee forests at higher elevations and the lowest diversity values at lower elevations. Sorensen analysis also showed that floristic similarities among honeybee forests ranged from 1% to 42%. Cluster analysis supported these differences by dividing the forests into two separate groups.

Is it the end of the Cerrado domain in the west of state of Paraná (Brazil)? Floristic aspects of Cerrado fragments in Campo Mourão

Abstract Currently only a few relicts of Brazilian savanna (Cerrado domain) remain sparsely distributed in state of Paraná. This study catalogued the species of vascular plants occurring in three Cerrado fragments of Campo Mourão. We analysed 4,125 herbarium specimens, 952 of which were collected in the Cerrado fragments, representing 368 species (25 exotic) distributed in 70 families and 241 genera. Fabaceae, Asteraceae, Myrtaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Poaceae, Bignoniaceae, Malvaceae and Apocynaceae were the richest families. Sixty species (16%) were only collected before 1999, with no re-collections after 2000. Among the native species, 51 are endemic to Brazil, and three are confined to the state of Paraná. Six species are regarded as officially endangered in Brazil. We also present the first record of Jacaranda mutabilis for Southern Brazil. Forty-two species are probably locally extinct in Campo Mourão. In the three Cerrado fragments within the municipality, the forest phytophysiognomy is already predominant in these areas, indicating the expansion of Semideciduous Seasonal Forest within the Cerrado fragments. In addition, the presence of exotic species and the lack of legal, environmental protection in the two largest fragments put the future existence of these Cerrado fragments from Campo Mourão at risk.

Indicator species and characterization of the woody and herbaceous layer in an Atlantic Forest ecotone area at the Paraná portion of Serra do Mar

Abstract The study aimed to evaluate the degree of conservation, analyse the structural and floristic similarity of the woody and herbaceous layers of two ecotone forest communities and evaluate the indicator species of a Mixed Ombrophilous Forest (MOF) and Dense Ombrophilous Forest (DOF). We outlined 30 sampling units of 100 m2 in each area (West and East), where we measured three woody and one herbaceous layers. Each species was classified into ecological groups, phytogeographic distribution and conservation status. We selected other 13 studies performed on similar ecosystems to carry out cluster and indicator species analyses. We registered 213 species, arranged into 63 families. The richest families were Myrtaceae, Lauraceae and Fabaceae. In the woody layers Araucaria angustifolia, Allophylus edulis and Cupania vernalis highlighted in West area, while Casearia sylvestris, Cyathea phalerata and Ilex paraguariensis highlighted in East area. Ctenitis paranaensis predominates in herbaceous layer of both areas. Our cluster analysis has formed two groups (MOF; DOF), including both study areas in MOF group. The study areas are in a maturation process. Serra da Baitaca State Park presents high conservationist importance. We list indicator species of montane MOF and DOF forests in the Paraná State, which can be used for monitoring alterations in vegetation caused by environmental changes.

As borboletas (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea) do Parque Estadual Intervales e arredores, São Paulo, Brasil

Abstract The Global South has witnessed increasing sampling of its immense biological diversity during the past century. However, the diversity of many regions remains unknown, even at pristine and highly threatened places, such as in the Atlantic Forest; and for bioindicator, umbrella, and flagship groups. The present study reports the first butterfly list of the Parque Estadual Intervales, São Paulo, Brazil and surroundings, a key protected area in the last massive continuous of the Atlantic Forest. We compiled data from museums and four years of field work, under three sampling methods. We also aimed at providing resources to support conservation efforts by analyzing 27 years of climatic data (detailed in the Supplementary Material, in English and in Portuguese), discussing our results also for non-academics, and producing scientific outreach and educational material. A companion article dealt with the experiences of science outreach and capacity development, and illustrated the butterfly catalogue of the species sampled in the park. We found 312 species that sum to 2,139 records. The museum had 229 species (432 records), and we sampled 142 species (1,682 individuals), in a total effort of 36,679 sampling hours (36,432 trap and 247 net and observation hours). The richest families were Nymphalidae (148 species) and Hesperiidae (100 species). Most species were sampled exclusively by active methods (79.8%), but other sources (passive sampling, citizen science, etc.) also found unique records. We found the highest diversity metrics from January to May, and we demonstrated that winter months had less richness and abundance. We illustrated the 20 species common to all regions, and listed those that were found more than seven months in the year, as well as the most abundant species in trap sampling, with forest dwellers as well as species common to open and fragmented areas. The dominant species in our trap datasets was the iridescent white morpho, Morpho epistrophus (Fabricius, 1796), and we suggest it to become the park butterfly mascot.

Areas of endemism and environmental heterogeneity: a case study in Mexican legumes

Fabaceae is a monophyletic family comprising more than 22 000 species worldwide. In Mexico, it is the second-most species rich family, inhabiting multiple ecosystems with a high diversity of life forms. Our aims were to (1) identify areas of endemism (AEs) by using endemicity analysis at different cell sizes (1°, 0.5° and 0.25°) for 488 Mexican legumes, (2) describe the climatic and topographic heterogeneity of AE, (3) determine whether there is a positive relationship between AEs and climatic and topographic heterogeneity and (4) examine the conservation status of legumes that defined the AEs. We found six general AEs, supported by 63 species, with endemicity index values ranging from 2.05 to 6.86. These general areas had zones where biogeographical provinces intersected and exhibited a higher environmental heterogeneity. Areas detected at 1° showed a positive relationship between endemicity index and environmental heterogeneity. Legume species currently lack legal protection in Mexico, 69% of the endemic species do not have an evaluation category according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature, and eight species are in some risk category. Future conservation efforts should focus on protecting endemism areas from accomplishing representative natural protected areas.

Pressure-induced novel ZrN4 semiconductor materials with high dielectric constants: a first-principles study.

In addition to Zr3N4 and ZrN2 compounds, zirconium nitrides with a rich family of phases always exhibit metal phases. By employing an evolutionary algorithm approach and first-principles calculations, we predicted seven novel semiconductor phases for the ZrN4 system at 0-150 GPa. Through calculating phonon dispersions, we identified four dynamically stable semiconductor structures under ambient pressure, namely, α-P1̄, β-P1̄, γ-P1̄, and β-P1 (with bandgaps of 1.03 eV, 1.10 eV, 2.33 eV, and 1.49 eV calculated using the HSE06 hybrid density functional, respectively). The calculated work functions and dielectric functions show that the four dynamically stable semiconductor structures are all high dielectric constant (high-k) materials, among which the β-P1̄ phase has the largest static dielectric constant (3.9 times that of SiO2). Furthermore, we explored band structures using the HSE06 functional and density of states (DOS) and the response of bandgaps to pressure using the PBE functional for the four new semiconductor configurations. The results show that the bandgap responses of the four structures exhibit significant differences when hydrostatic pressure is applied from 0 to 150 GPa.

The non-native flora of Redberry Lake Biosphere Reserve, Canada

A checklist of alien plants of Redberry Lake Biosphere Reserve in the province of Saskatchewan, Canada is presented for the first time. By way of field surveys and herbarium research, 121 alien taxa (22.1% of the regional flora) were recorded. The most species rich families are Poaceae (24 taxa, 19.8%) and Asteraceae (22, 18.2%). Species richness is about evenly distributed across genera with Rumex, Artemisia and Poa (each contains 3 taxa or 2.5%) making up those with the greatest number of species. Concerning plant growth habits, the two dominant groups are forbs (94 taxa, 77.7%) and graminoids (23 taxa, 19%). Regarding habitat preferences, most alien plants occur in natural and seminatural habitats (48 taxa, 39.7%), ruderal places (43 taxa, 35.5%) and agricultural lands (30 taxa, 24.8%). In relation to the state of spread, invasive (63 taxa, 52%) and naturalised (48 taxa, 39.7%) species prevail. In terms of geographical origin, most alien plants are native to Eurasia–Africa (49 taxa, 40.5%) and Eurasia (34 taxa, 28.1%). The biosphere reserve is increasingly being invaded by alien plants whose introduction and distributions can be explained by intense agricultural pressure which resulted in extensive habitat alteration and proliferation of invasive species. URL: https://www.upjs.sk/pracoviska/botanicka-zahrada/odborne-aktivity/contents-abstracts/

НОВА ПРАЦЯ З ВІЗУАЛЬНОЇ АНТРОПОЛОГІЇ ТА ДІАСПОРНОЇ ЕПІСТОЛЯРИКИ. РЕЦЕНЗІЯ НА КНИГУ: Mayerchyk M., Pogosjan J., Yesypenko D. Lena and Thomas Gushul: Life in Front and Behind the Camera. Vol.1–2. Edmonton: Peter and Doris Kule Centre for Ukrainian and Canadian Folklore, 2023. 136 + 212 p.

The two-volume book by the authors team – Dr. Yelena Poghosyan, Dr. Maria Mayerchyk and Dmytro Osypenko, «Lena and Thomas Gushul: Life in front of and behind the camera», which was just published in Edmonton (Canada), was reviewed. This is a solid project on the history of Ukrainian diasporic visual culture and at the same time on Ukrainian diasporic epistolary, which was carried out at the Doris and Peter Kule Center for Ukrainian and Canadian Folklore (University of Alberta, Canada). The peer-reviewed work concerns the beginning and the first half of the 20th century, highlighting the life and work of the couple Olena and Thomas Gushul, who were of Ukrainian origin. Having their photo studios in two mining towns in southwestern Canada, they managed to break out of the narrow framework of the photo business of that time and become photo artists, enriching the history of Canadian and Ukrainian diasporic visual culture with their works. The authors included in their book and analyzed a rich family epistolary, which illuminates the life of the Ukrainian working and intellectual environment of the first decades of the 20th century.

The Impact of Parental Socioeconomic Background on the Schooling and Academic Performance of Students in District Dir Upper: A Qualitative Analysis

Children’s schooling is important for their personal growth and plays a vital role in socioeconomic development of a nation. Parents’ socioeconomic background plays a vital role in shaping children’s schooling and impacts their academic achievement. Children of the upper class parents have enough resources available for fulfilling the requirements of their studies, while children of poor parents have lesser resources to support their education. This study aims at empirically diagnosing the relationship between parental socio-economic background and children (students) schooling and academic achievements. The study was conducted in Tehsil Dir of District Dir Upper, while applying qualitative research deign. The primary data was collected from a sample of twenty four (24) purposively selected respondents. The respondents comprised of two different categories i.e. 12 students selected from Class X to Class XII from the Govt. Higher Secondary School Gandigar Dir Upper and 12 Parents including 06 from poor family background and 06 from rich family background. Primary data was obtained through interview, using semi-structured interview guide. The study found that children of poor parents are not performing well in their academic career as they have lesser opportunities and resources. They also remain absent from school to help their parents in agriculture field, business and homework etc. Further, the study revealed that rich parents have positive impacts on the academic achievements of their children. The study suggests provision of equal educational opportunities to children of both poor and rich families. The study also suggests supporting the poor students with scholarships, technical and free education so to avoid widening the existing gap among rich and poor students.&nbsp; &nbsp;