Rich Color Research Articles

Spectroscopic Characteristics and Coloring Mechanisms of Different Colored Spinels from Myanmar

Spinel is a common gemstone that has attracted the attention of gemologists worldwide because of its high refractive index, rich colors and brilliant hues. Myanmar is an important source of spinel. The present paper provides a systematic characterization of the gemological features of different color spinels from Myanmar, with a discussion and analysis of their color causes. The results show that complete octahedral crystal forms can be seen in Myanmar spinel, with the appearance of dissolution, growth motifs and cross-growth of crystals visible on the crystal surfaces. The XRF results show that the Myanmar red and orange spinel samples contain high levels of Cr, with the magenta sample having significant levels of Cr and the orange sample having more V. The blue and purple samples have high levels of Fe. The peaks of the infrared spectrum mainly appear around 841 cm−1, 690 cm−1 and 532 cm−1. Raman spectra have peaks mainly around 310 cm−1, 405 cm−1, 663 cm−1 and 764 cm−1. According to the UV-Vis spectrum, the color of Myanmar red and orange spinels is mainly due to Cr3+ and V3+. When the Cr3+ content is higher than the V3+ content, the spinels show a red hue; when the V3+ content is higher than Cr3+, the spinels have an orange hue. Blue color is due to the charge transfer between Fe2+ and Fe3+. The research in this paper has enriched the gemological characteristics of Myanmar spinel and can provide a theoretical basis for its investigation, marketability, design and utilization.

Night Vision Anti-Halation Algorithm Based on Different-Source Image Fusion Combining Visual Saliency with YUV-FNSCT

In order to address driver’s dazzle caused by the abuse of high beams when vehicles meet at night, a night vision anti-halation algorithm based on image fusion combining visual saliency with YUV-FNSCT is proposed. Improved Frequency-turned (FT) visual saliency detection is proposed to quickly lock on the objects of interest, such as vehicles and pedestrians, so as to improve the salient features of fusion images. The high- and low-frequency sub-bands of infrared saliency images and visible luminance components can quickly be obtained using fast non-subsampled contourlet transform (FNSCT), which has the characteristics of multi-direction, multi-scale, and shift-invariance. According to the halation degree in the visible image, the nonlinear adaptive fusion strategy of low-frequency weight reasonably eliminates halation while retaining useful information from the original image to the maximum extent. The statistical matching feature fusion strategy distinguishes the common and unique edge information from the high-frequency sub-bands by mutual matching so as to obtain more effective details of the original images such as the edges and contours. Only the luminance Y decomposed by YUV transform is involved in image fusion, which not only avoids color shift of the fusion image but also reduces the amount of computation. Considering the night driving environment and the degree of halation, the visible images and infrared images were collected for anti-halation fusion in six typical halation scenes on three types of roads covering most night driving conditions. The fused images obtained by the proposed algorithm demonstrate complete halation elimination, rich color details, and obvious salient features and have the best comprehensive index in each halation scene. The experimental results and analysis show that the proposed algorithm has advantages in halation elimination and visual saliency and has good universality for different night vision halation scenes, which help drivers to observe the road ahead and improve the safety of night driving. It also has certain applicability to rainy, foggy, smoggy, and other complex weather.

Art Notes: A Haven for Grief in William Dyce’s St. John Leading Home his Adopted Mother

Art NotesA Haven for Grief in William Dyce’s St. John Leading Home his Adopted Mother Kathryn Wehr, Managing Editor Key Words Painter William Dyce, Tate, Burial of Jesus, Virgin Mary in art, Nazarenes, Pre-Raphaelites This issue’s cover shows a scene that is rarely depicted: the moments after the burial of Jesus Christ. Scottish artist William Dyce (1806–1864) develops his subject from John 19:26–27 where, from the cross, Jesus entrusts his mother to the care of John the beloved disciple: “Woman, behold, your son,” and to the disciple, “Behold, your mother.” The Evange-list then comments, “And from that hour the disciple took her into his home.” Here we are shown the imagined first act of that loving attention. Click for larger view View full resolution William Dyce was one of the most significant artists of mid-nineteenth-century Britain1 and is associated with both the Nazarene and Pre-Raphaelite movements; yet he is not a true member of either school. In his early sojourns in Rome to study, Dyce met several German Nazarene painters who lived a semimonastic communal life and eschewed the neoclassical style of the eighteenth century in favor of natural poses and landscapes. This influence along with an admiration for Renaissance artist Pinturicchio (1454–1513), inspired Dyce with a [End Page 161] lifelong sense of vocation to religious art, interest in fresco technique, attention to local natural detail and a preference for open air painting to emulate natural light.2 After his return to Britain, he introduced the younger Pre-Raphaelites to art critic John Ruskin, and there was reciprocal influence with the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood in terms of rich colors, open air technique, and subjects, particularly landscapes and Arthurian legend (see Dyce’s last great series of frescoes at the Palace of Westminster). Many of Dyce’s paintings focus on rugged British landscapes: notably Scene from Aran (1860) and Pegwell Bay, Kent—a Recollection of October 5th, 1858 (1860), which both feature meticulously detailed natural beauty combined with people amid the everyday activities of doing laundry or shell-seeking. The landscapes of his religious art were sometimes critiqued as too British, notably The Man of Sorrows (1859) and The Good Shepherd (1859), which appeared to place Jesus in the Scottish highlands (a critique that shows how the medieval tradition of depicting sacred scenes in local landscapes had given way in the Age of Reason). In St. John Leading Home his Adopted Mother, however, the Scottish scrublands give way to a more sparse but accurate inclusion of Palestine plants. The dark, low clouds set a hushed, somber tone with the city of Jerusalem brooding in the far-left background.3 The three pairs of figures are isolated from each other: Mary Magdalene and Mary Cleophas at the tomb’s entrance, Nicodemus and Joseph of Arimathea (carrying a soiled winding sheet?), and in the foreground, St. John and Our Lady. The soft purples and greens of the background make the red of the Virgin Mary’s dress a vivid reminder of her Son’s passion, as does Dyce’s choice of her keeping the crown of thorns as a memento. Her dark navy cloak deepens our sense of the sorrow washing over her and the turned-over gold of the hood suggests a halo. When we compare the completed version with an earlier sketch, we can see more of Dyce’s choices at work. Dyce was clearly dissatisfied with the sketch’s background and scraped it all away, but the changes in clothing and figure placement that we can see from this to the final painting are striking. In the sketch, [End Page 162] St. John is taking charge and supporting the Virgin Mary from behind, while in the final version they are connected only by their hands and with space between them, emphasizing the sense of helpless isolation from each other in their grief. Again, Dyce changed the Virgin Mary’s cloak to be darker, more fully enveloping, and closing her off from view, further emphasizing her unique grief as Our Lord’s Mother. In the sketch, it is St. John who leads the Virgin, while in...

Research on Chinese traditional opera costume recognition based on improved YOLOv5

In order to protect the cultural heritage of opera costumes, establish visual labels for opera costumes, accelerate the establishment of a database for opera costumes, and increase the dissemination of opera culture, we propose an improved You Only Look Once (YOLO) v5-based opera costume recognition model for opera costumes with a wide range of styles, rich colors, and complex stage environments. By adding Coordinate Attention (CA) mechanism to the backbone of YOLOv5, the network can focus on more interesting information when extracting features; replacing the original feature pyramid module with a weighted bidirectional feature pyramid module in the Neck part to achieve efficient fusion of features; replacing the original loss function GIOU with DIOU to improve the detection accuracy and convergence speed. The average detection accuracy of the improved YOLOv5 model reaches 86.3% and its inference speed reaches 28 ms per frame through experiments on the homemade Chinese costume dataset, which improves the average detection accuracy by 3.1% compared with the original model, and has good robustness in detecting complex scenes such as covered targets, light-colored costumes, cross targets, dense targets and different angles. The model meets the requirements for accuracy and real-time costume recognition in complex theatrical environments.

New electropolymerized triphenylamine polymer films and excellent multifunctional electrochromic energy storage system materials with real-time monitoring of energy storage status

Multifunctional intelligent electrochromic energy storage with real-time monitoring of energy storage level by color change has become the extremely attractive researches for the development of electrochemical energy storage systems. Herein, three novel triphenylamine-based organic monomers with star-shaped donor–acceptor structure are designed and synthesized to successfully obtain the corresponding three polymer films with different and rich color switching by electrochemical polymerization via the coupling between peripheral triphenylamine groups. Based on these three polymer films as the electrodes, a fast switching electrochromic property with a large optical contrast of 80.5 % in the visible region and a high coloration efficiency of 277.21 cm2·C−1, which are one of the best results among TPA-based electrochromic materials, is achieved for the polymer pPh-4TPA with the pyrazino[2,3-g]quinoxaline acceptor core. Meanwhile, pPh-4TPA also shows high specific capacitance of up to 423F·g−1 (475F·cm−3), high capacity of 115.3 mAh·g−1 and unparalleled rate performance. The assembled asymmetric electrochromic energy storage devices based on pPh-4TPA polymer films exhibited maximum energy density of 105.12 Wh·kg−1 (107 mWh·cm−3) and power density of 45 kW·kg−1 (45.9 W·cm−3), which are both the highest energy and power densities among the pure organic electrochromic pseudocapacitors ever reported, simultaneously accompanied by reversible color changes in appearance during charging and discharging process.

Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside Contributes to Leaf Color Change by Regulating Two bHLH Transcription Factors in Phoebe bournei

Anthocyanins produce different-colored pigments in plant organs, which provide ornamental value. Thus, this study was conducted to understand the mechanism of anthocyanin synthesis in ornamental plants. Phoebe bournei, a Chinese specialty tree, has high ornamental and economic value due to its rich leaf color and diverse metabolic products. Here, the metabolic data and gene expression of red P. bournei leaves at the three developmental stages were evaluated to elucidate the color-production mechanism in the red-leaved P. bournei species. First, metabolomic analysis identified 34 anthocyanin metabolites showing high levels of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (cya-3-O-glu) in the S1 stage, which may suggest that it is a characteristic metabolite associated with the red coloration of the leaves. Second, transcriptome analysis showed that 94 structural genes were involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis, especially flavanone 3'-hydroxy-lase (PbF3'H), and were significantly correlated with the cya-3-O-glu level. Third, K-means clustering analysis and phylogenetic analyses identified PbbHLH1 and PbbHLH2, which shared the same expression pattern as most structural genes, indicating that these two PbbHLH genes may be regulators of anthocyanin biosynthesis in P. bournei. Finally, overexpression of PbbHLH1 and PbbHLH2 in Nicotiana tabacum leaves triggered anthocyanin accumulation. These findings provide a basis for cultivating P. bournei varieties that have high ornamental value.

D-S Augmentation: Density-Semantics Augmentation for 3-D Object Detection

Cameras and light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensors are commonly used together in autonomous vehicles to provide rich color and texture information and information on the location of objects, respectively. However, fusing image and point-cloud information remains a key challenge. In this article, we propose D-S augmentation as a 3-D object detection method based on point-cloud density and semantic augmentation. Our proposed approach first performs 2-D bounding box detection and instance segmentation on an image. Then, a LiDAR point cloud is projected onto an instance segmentation mask, and a fixed number of random points are generated. Finally, a global <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${N}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -nearest neighbor clustering is used to associate random and projected points to give depth to virtual points and complete point-cloud density augmentation (P-DA). Then, point-cloud semantic augmentation (P-SA) is performed, in which the instance segmentation mask of an object is used to associate it with the point cloud. The instance-segmented class labels and segmentation scores are assigned to the projected cloud, and the projection points added with 1-D features are inversely mapped to the point-cloud space to obtain a semantically augmented point cloud. We conducted extensive experiments on the nuScenes (Caesar et al., 2020) and KITTI (Geiger et al., 2012) datasets. The results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our proposed method. Notably, D-S augmentation outperformed a LiDAR-only baseline detector by +7.9% in terms of mean average precision (mAP) and +5.1% in terms of nuScenes detection score (NDS) and outperformed the state-of-the-art multimodal fusion-based methods. We also present the results of ablation studies to show that the fusion module improved the performance of a baseline detector.

Spatial Cognition of the Visually Impaired: A Case Study in a Familiar Environment.

This paper aims to explore the factors influencing the spatial cognition of the visually impaired in familiar environments. Massage hospitals are some of the few places that can provide work for the visually impaired in China. Studying the spatial cognition of the visually impaired in a massage hospital could be instructive for the design of working environments for the visually impaired and other workplaces in the future. First, the subjective spatial cognition of the visually impaired was evaluated by object layout tasks for describing the spatial relationships among object parts. Second, physiological monitoring signal data, including the electrodermal activity, heart rate variability, and electroencephalography, were collected while the visually impaired doctors walked along prescribed routes based on the feature analysis of the physical environment in the hospital, and then their physiological monitoring signal data for each route were compared. The visual factors, physical environmental factors, and human-environment interactive factors that significantly impact the spatial cognition of visually impaired people were discussed. (1) visual acuity affects the spatial cognition of the visually impaired in familiar environments; (2) the spatial cognition of the visually impaired can be promoted by a longer staying time and the more regular sequence of a physical environment; (3) the spatial comfort of the visually impaired can be improved by increasing the amount of greenery; and (4) the visual comfort of the visually impaired can be reduced by rich interior colors and contrasting lattice floor tiles.

An achromatic colorimetric nanosensor for sensitive multiple pathogen detection by coupling plasmonic nanoparticles with magnetic separation

Rapid screening of multiple pathogens will greatly improve the efficiency of pandemic prevention and control. Colorimetric methods exhibit the advantages of convenience, portability, low cost, time efficiency, and free of sophisticated instruments, yet usually have difficulties in simultaneous detection and suffer from monotonous color changes with low visual resolution and sensitivity. Hence, coupled three kinds of plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) with magnetic separation, we developed an achromatic colorimetric nanosensor with highly enhanced visual resolution for simultaneous detection of SARS-CoV-2, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella typhimurium. The achromatic nanosensor was composed of SARS-CoV-2-targeting red gold NPs, S. aureus-targeting yellow silver NPs and S. typhimurium-targeting blue silver triangle NPs mixed as black color. In the detection, three corresponding magnetic probes were added into the above mixture. In the presence of a target pathogen, it would be recognized and combined with corresponding colored reporters and magnetic probes to form sandwich complexes, which were removed by magnetic separation, and the sensor changed from black to a chromatic color (the color of the reporters remained in supernatant). Consequently, different target pathogen induced different color. For example, SARS-CoV-2, S. aureus, and S. typhimurium respectively produced green, purple, and orange. While coexistence of S. aureus and S. typhimurium produced red, and coexistence of S. aureus and SARS-CoV-2 produced blue, etc. Therefore, by observing the color change or measuring the absorption spectra, multiple pathogen detection was achieved conveniently. Compared with most colorimetric sensors, this achromatic nanosensor involved rich color change, thus significantly enhancing visual resolution and inspection sensitivity. Therefore, this sensor opened a promising avenue for efficient monitoring and early warning of food safety and quality.

Organochlorine detection on transition metals (X=Zn, Ti, Ni, Fe, and Cr) anchored fullerenes (C23X)

AbstractHerein, the Kohn‐Sham K density functional theory (DFT) approach has been employed to investigate the adsorption and sensing efficacy of C23X (X=Zn, Ti, Ni, Fe, and Cr) nanoclusters towards a selected organochlorine derivative (chloronaphthalene). CLN@C23Ti (T1) and CLN@C23Cr (C1) complexes indicated stronger adsorption as confirmed by the adsorption energy values of −68.3384 and −49.3581 Kcal/mol. Also, higher change in charge transfers of −1.7134 and −1.0414 observed in C1 and T1 complexes respectively and this result was further strengthened by dipole moment analysis. C23Ti and C23Cr surfaces reflect higher dipole moment of 5.7126 and 4.7552 D respectively, indicating higher charge separation and stronger interactions upon the adsorption of chloronaphthalene (CLN). Rich blue color possessed by all complexes in the 3D isosurface of the Reduced Density Gradient (RDG) plots, signifies the presence of a very strong force of attraction as a result of hydrogen bond interaction. These results are consistent with the topological analysis and those of sensing mechanisms, thus, leading to a conclusive scientific report that C23Ti and C23Cr nanoclusters exhibit relatively better sensing efficacy for the detection of CLN. Hence, it can be employed in coupling future sensor device for CLN molecule.

Sonographic prediction of intraductal papillary carcinoma with partially cystic breast lesions

BackgroundIntraductal papillary carcinoma (IDPC) is a rare but fatal disease. Preoperative ultrasound diagnosis of IDPC remains challenging and meaningful. The aim of the study was to determine an effective ultrasound model to predict intraductal papillary carcinoma (IDPC) in patients with partially cystic breast lesions on ultrasound.MethodsWe reviewed female patients with breast nodules who underwent biopsy or surgery between 2004 and 2019, and pathological results were used as the reference standard. We finally included 21 IDPC patients with partially cystic lesions on preoperative ultrasound matched to 40 patients with intraductal papilloma. The association of ultrasound features with IDPC was analysed.ResultsPosterior echo enhancement (P < 0.001), tumour size (P = 0.002), irregular shape (P = 0.003), wide base (P = 0.003), solid-mainly component (P = 0.013), rich Doppler flow (P < 0.001) and multiple lesions (P = 0.044) were associated with IDPC by univariate analysis. Based on univariate analysis, variables were included in the regression analysis to obtain independent factors. The regression analysis showed that microcalcification, multiple lesions, posterior echo enhancement, wide base of solid components and rich colour Doppler flow were predictors for IDPC (P < 0.001). The collective model of the independent factors (microcalcification, multiple lesions, posterior echo enhancement, wide base of solid components and rich colour Doppler flow) could predict IDPC with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.99 (95% CI 0.95–1.00). The collective model had a better net benefit demonstrated by the decision curve.ConclusionUltrasonic features may be an applicable model for predicting IDPC with partially cystic breast lesions on ultrasound and has a better potential to facilitate decision-making preoperatively.

Istraživanja antibakterijskih svojstva tkanine od banane bojenjem prirodnim bojama

Natural fibres, which are always biodegradable, organic, and non-toxic, find wide demand in technical textiles. Banana, a cellulosic fibre acquired from the banana plant, is a natural fibre that contributes to conserving the environment. The present study envisages extracting banana fabric using natural dyes such as henna, turmeric, and indigo. The banana fabric was pre-mordanted with two types of mordants, i.e., copper sulphate and alum. The banana fabric was dyed with turmeric, henna, and indigo. The henna shows a brown colour, the indigo shows a light blue colour, and the turmeric shows a rich yellow colour. Among those three dyes, turmeric shows the best colour, i.e., a rich yellow colour, and it also shows good antibacterial properties.

Comparative Study on Gemological and Mineralogical Characteristics and Coloration Mechanism of Four Color Types of Fluorite

Fluorite has been attracting the attention of gemstone mineralogists because of its rich color and excellent fluorescence properties. This paper studied fluorite with three color types (blue, green, and white) and five blue-purple fluorites with an alexandrite effect. Through the study of their structure, composition, and spectral characteristics, the gemological and mineralogical characteristics and coloration mechanisms of different color types of fluorites are compared and analyzed. The results show that the color of fluorite is caused by multiple color centers. Blue fluorite is associated with Y3+-F− color center, while green fluorite is associated with a Y3+-Ce2+-F− color center and Sm2+ color center, and white fluorite contains vacancy color center. The color of white fluorite is a mixture of yellow tones produced in visible light and blue fluorescence under UV light. Blue-purple color is caused by the colloid calcium color center and 2F− color center, and its changing from blue-purple to red-purplish (alexandrite effect) are due to colloidal calcium nanoparticles caused by radioactive element Th.

Crop Disease Detection against Complex Background Based on Improved Atrous Spatial Pyramid Pooling

Timely crop disease detection, pathogen identification, and infestation severity assessments can aid disease prevention and control efforts to mitigate crop-yield decline. However, improved disease monitoring methods are needed that can extract high-resolution, accurate, and rich color and spatial features from leaf disease spots in the field to achieve precise fine-grained disease-severity classification and sensitive disease-recognition accuracy. Here, we propose a neural-network-based method incorporating an improved Rouse spatial pyramid pooling strategy to achieve crop disease detection against a complex background. For neural network construction, first, a dual-attention module was introduced into the cross-stage partial network backbone to enable extraction of multi-dimensional disease information from the channel and space perspectives. Next, a dilated convolution-based spatial pyramid pooling module was integrated within the network to broaden the scope of the collection of crop-disease-related information from images of crops in the field. The neural network was tested using a set of sample data constructed from images collected at a rate of 40 frames per second that occupied only 17.12 MB of storage space. Field data analysis conducted using the miniaturized model revealed an average precision rate approaching 90.15% that exceeded the corresponding rates obtained using comparable conventional methods. Collectively, these results indicate that the proposed neural network model simplified disease-recognition tasks and suppressed noise transmission to achieve a greater accuracy rate than is obtainable using similar conventional methods, thus demonstrating that the proposed method should be suitable for use in practical applications related to crop disease recognition.

Effect of M-type reactive dyes on dyeing properties of twisted bamboo fiber bundles.

The dyeing properties of twisted bamboo fiber bundles were studied by using the combination of three primary colors in M-type reactive dyes. The study found that the three dyes of red, yellow and blue have good color rendering in the actual dyeing process, and because the molecular structures of the three are similar, the chemical reactions during the fixation are the same, so the final dyeing rate results are similar, which were 29-32%. Compared with the undyed twisted bamboo fiber bundle, the mechanical properties of the three-color twisted bamboo fiber bundle also changed significantly, and the tensile strength increased by 13.79% on average. The changes of elastic modulus and elongation at break showed that the three-color twisted bamboo fiber bundle had excellent flexibility. In addition, there are significant color differences between the samples of each color. When the color indexes of DB are used as the benchmark, the ΔE* of other dyed samples varies from 40 to 80, and the color of each sample is relatively uniform, without an obvious color flower phenomenon. This indicates that twisted bamboo fiber bundles with richer colors can be prepared by different combinations of three primary dyes, which can improve the ornamental value of bamboo fiber bundles after processing into large blocks and their application potential in home textiles, interior decoration and other fields.

S. Bazhay-Zhezherun, М. Antonіuk KAVBUZ PROCESSING PRODUCTS – A SOURCE OF NATURAL FOOD SORBENTS

The nutritional value of the kavbuz was studied, considering that it is a molecular hybrid of the pumpkin, research data compared to the content of important nutrients in the pumpkin. The main technological parameters of obtaining kavbuz puree are substantiated. The physico-chemical and organoleptic indicators of the quality of the finished product were studied. It was investigated that the total dietary fiber content in kavbuz puree is 3.2%, in particular, the fiber and hemicellulose content is 1.7%, water-soluble and water-insoluble pectin, respectively, 0.62 and 0.88%. It has been studied that in the process of preparing kavbuz puree, the vitamin content decreases by 15...30% compared to the raw material and is: vitamin E – 0.9 mg, P – 45.4 mg, β-carotene – 8.4 mg, B4 – 78 .5 mg, flavonoids – 253 mg per 100 g of product. It is advisable to use the squeezes that remain after squeezing the juice from the pulp of the kavbuz to obtain a kavbuz-pectin paste. We have developed a principle-technological scheme for obtaining kavbuz-pectin paste, substantiated the main parameters of the process. The main indicators of the quality of a pectin-containing product have been determined. The physico-chemical parameters of kavbuz-pectin paste were studied: the mass fraction of dry substances (by refractometer) is 12.5%, the mass fraction of pectin substances is 0.9%, the total acidity (in terms of malic acid) is 0.4%. The organoleptic parameters of kavbuz-pectin paste were determined by a descriptive method. In appearance, kavbuz-pectin paste is a paste-like homogeneous, evenly rubbed mass with minor inclusion of pulp particles; the product has a sweet-sour, clean, kavbuz-like taste, with a pleasant vegetable smell, and a rich orange color. The resulting products of kavbuz processing – puree and kavbuz-pectin paste can be used to obtain products in public catering establishments (mousses, jellies, casseroles, etc.), in the production of bakery and confectionery products for functional and medical and preventive purposes.

Remote Sensing Image Dehazing Using Heterogeneous Atmospheric Light Prior

Remote sensing images (RSIs) captured in haze weather will suffer from serious quality degradation with color distortion and contrast reduction, which creates numerous challenges for the utilization of RSIs. To address these issues, this paper proposes a novel haze removal algorithm, named HALP, for visible RSIs based on a heterogeneous atmospheric light prior and side window filter. HALP is comprised of two key components. Firstly, given the large imaging space of RSIs, the atmospheric light is treated as a globally non-uniform distribution instead of a global constant. Therefore, a simple and effective method for non-uniform atmospheric light estimation is presented, which utilizes the brightest pixel color in each local image patch as the atmospheric light of the local region. Secondly, a side window filter-based transmission estimation algorithm is proposed, which can effectively suppress the block effect in the transmission map caused by the large window of the minimum filter used in the dark channel algorithm. Experiments on both real-world and synthetic remote sensing haze images demonstrate the effectiveness of HALP. In terms of no-reference and full-reference image quality assessments, HALP yields excellent results, outperforming existing state-of-the-art algorithms, including physics-based and neural network-based methods. The visual comparison of dehazed results also shows that HALP can restore degraded RSIs with uneven haze, producing clear images with rich details and natural colors.

Optische Autritte. Marktszenen in der medialen Konkurrenz von Journal-, Almanachs- und Bücherliteratur by Stephanie Gleißner et al.

Reviewed by: Optische Autritte. Marktszenen in der medialen Konkurrenz von Journal-, Almanachs- und Bücherliteratur by Stephanie Gleißner et al. Catriona MacLeod Stephanie Gleißner, Mirela Husiü, Nicola Kaminski, and Volker Mergenthaler. Optische Autritte. Marktszenen in der medialen Konkurrenz von Journal-, Almanachs- und Bücherliteratur. Hannover: Wehrhahn, 2019. 243 pp. The second, collaboratively authored volume of, at last count, six impressive books to have emerged from the DFG research group on German Journalliteratur [End Page 193] based in Bochum, Optische Auftritte brings to vivid life the market competition among books, Unterhaltungsblätter, almanacs, and gift books from the first boom of serial literary publications around 1800 to the ebbing appeal of such works by midcentury. By that late phase, August Wilhelm Schlegel's comments on the Taschenbuch in his Flaxman essay of 1799 appeared to have come home to roost: Schlegel had disparaged its small format, "unpoetic" genre illustrations, and a seeming disconnection between text and image in its pages. (Of course, at this time engravings still had to be printed and bound separately into the Taschenbuch—until wood engraving began to take over in the 1840s allowing text and image to be printed together on a single page.) The overall chronological orientation of Optische Auftritte is insightfully complemented by a dazzling sequence of seven detailed geographical case studies centered punctually on the most important publication centers and their often competitive interactions: Berlin (1802–04), Stuttgart (1816–17), Vienna (1825–28), Vienna and Leipzig (1825–27), Leipzig (1838–40), Vienna and Pesth (1840–42), and finally Berlin once again (1847–48). It would have been useful for the reader, however, if the thematic emphases of these individual chapters had been added to the title headings in the table of contents (e.g., the Taschenbuch as art gallery in the chapter "Wien/Leipzig 1825–27"), especially since there is no index. The stage is set with a brilliant analysis by Kaminski and Mergenthaler of E. T. A. Hoffmann's panoramic Gendarmenmarkt narrative "Des Vetters Eckfenster," first published serially in 1822 in the Berlin weekly paper Der Zuschauer. As Hoffmann's story shows, publications such as Der Zuschauer are part of a dynamic and changeable literary marketplace; as material objects, Taschenbücher are also aware of their own marketability as desirable fashion items promoted at fall book fairs in time for Christmas, and they even can be said to stage themselves self-reflexively as marketplaces. Befitting the title, Optische Auftritte, one of the most attractive but also illuminating aspects of this book is its rich color illustration. The volume builds on recent scholarship on illustration that views illustrations not as secondary or supplementary but as constitutive, meaning-making parts of the book culture to which they became integral in the nineteenth century (Günter Oesterle has referred to the "Bebilderungsprogramm" that was a driver of literary culture). While many of the journals discussed could, to be sure, be accessed online, the selections made in this volume highlight information that could not be conveyed by scrolling through individual issues on digital library platforms. In many cases, it is a matter of helpful visual comparisons between journals (focusing on illustrations, bindings, typography, mise-en-page, format, and other elements, including in one case even glued-in mirrors). To cite only one especially striking example, in the section on Brockhaus's 1839 telling switch to book format for the prestige Taschenbuch Urania, the reader can scan, as if it were on a bookshelf, a neat line-up of colorfully bound sextodecimo volumes, culminating in the visual surprise, the outsize, sparely elegant octavo publication of the Neue Folge—what Kaminski terms a "Mesalliance." At the same time, the title Optische Auftritte, with its announced (and superbly realized) focus on the visual components of journals and Taschenbücher, does not do full justice to the subtle interpretive readings woven throughout the text that reveal the constant, symbiotic interplay between literary texts, illustrations, and medial self-reflection, which did not end even as the tensions between art and economics intensified and such publications started to pass out of fashion [End Page 194] themselves. A fashion plate in the Wiener Zeitschrift of 1842, for example, which published serial...

Leaf color attributes of urban colored-leaf plants

Abstract Plant color was an important landscape of the urban green space, and quantitative analysis of its characteristics could provide a basis for plant color configuration. The leaf color attributes of 80 colored-leaf plants were studied and the Scenic Beauty Estimates (SBE) was used to evaluate their beauty. The data of leaves color were obtained by MATLAB software and scanner under the hue–saturation–brightness (HSB) system and then were further analyzed to determine the relationship between the SBE and color attributes (HSB). Results showed that the leaf colors of 80 plants contained 13 hues in total, which belonged to six color systems. The species contained in different color systems, from most to least, were yellow–green series (27 species) &gt; orange series (19 species) &gt; red series (18 species) &gt; yellow series (10 species) &gt; blue-green (four species) &gt; purple (two species). There were fewer blue and purple series species. The brightness and saturation of color were mainly distributed in the middle (26–50%), middle and high (51–75%) stages, and those of the yellow–green system belonged to the medium and high stages and were significantly higher than other color systems. There is a significant positive correlation between the brightness and saturation of color and the value of SBE, and an SBE evaluation model was established based on the color attributes. The results are helpful to select plants with higher beauty and create a rich plant color landscape.

Characteristics of the starting material of stockolus bezos for lawn use

A small number of species of perennial grasses are used to create lawns in Ukraine. Among the large speciescomposition (the group of fodder grasses includes more than 600 species of plants), the greatest fodder value is thethornless cornflower, which is used for green fodder, silage, hay and grass flour. But increasingly, plants of this cultureare used in garden compositions, planted in gardens, front gardens, along the edge of lawns, in flower gardens. Tallspecimens can play the role of a hedge in the country. This is facilitated by a number of advantages: drought resistance,frost resistance, undemanding to growing conditions. The purpose of the research was to evaluate the samples of theseedless cornflower in order to identify the forms that belong to low-growing (ground) cereals and to select thebreeding material based on a set of productivity and resistance to adverse environmental factors in combination withdecorativeness. In the process of research, field and quantitative methods, the test beam method, weight, and statisticalmethods were used. According to the results of the study of the root forms of the thornless cornflower in the collectionnursery, it is possible to recommend Aeneas, Universe, D07, K35591 as the starting material for creating lawn-typevarieties. Samples of Aeneas have good winter hardiness, quickly restore vegetation in the spring, do not form clumps,have a rich dark green color of the leaf plate, high winter hardiness, resistance to shedding and falling out, and gooddecorativeness. The Universe sample has a high score of decorativeness, green color of the leaves, which havepubescence and are quite soft. The plants of the sample are well established, quickly regenerate vegetation and areresistant to shedding and falling. The sample is quite drought-resistant, resistant to diseases, especially brown rust.The sample is quite durable and does not lose its decorativeness for 4 years. Sample D07 has a good decorativenessscore, a nice light green color of the leaf blade, soft leaves, pubescent. Plants of this form are resistant to seed shedding,grass loss, grow slowly after mowing and do not form clumps. Sample K35591 has good winter resistance anddurability, a high score of decorativeness. Forms a good sod cover, rich green color of the leaves. Plants are resistantto diseases, quickly regenerate vegetation and are quite drought-resistant.