Richard Price Research Articles

Edmund Burke and His Critics: The Case of Mary Wollstonecraft

Edmund Burke and His Critics: The Case of Mary Wollstonecraft James Conniff A number of interesting questions concerning the development of English political thought in the French Revolutionary period remain matters of controversy. In this essay I propose to consider two of them: why did the Whigs split on the Revolution, and why and how did some of the disaffected Whigs reconcile with Edmund Burke. Various answers have been suggested. The currently dominant position was first articulated some years ago when J. G. A. Pocock suggested that the revolutionary debate was largely a struggle between Whig ancient constitutionalists, Burke among them, and a republican alliance of disciples of Harrington and Machiavelli. 1 In his Republicanism and Bourgeois Radicalism Isaac Kramnick disagreed, arguing that the late eighteenth-century radicals should be seen as Lockeans pursuing “a new Liberal ideal, a society of achievement, a social order of competitive individualism in which social mobility was possible and the rightful reward for ingenious people of talent and hard work” was economic success crowned by wealth. 2 In his view English society was then characterized by a struggle in which the middle class, led by religious Dissenters, was rising to challenge the domination of the existing economic and political elite. For Kramnick such figures as Joseph Priestley, Thomas Paine, and Richard Price were advocates for this class, and their political theories represented its ideology. 3 According to Kramnick, these writers were intent on creating a practical science which could be used to promote the happiness of mankind through reform of the political system. Intent on rewarding merit, the radicals advocated the virtues of commercial civilization and [End Page 299] opposed the lazy indolence of both rich and poor. 4 Other scholars have followed Kramnick’s lead and sought to expand the reach of his thesis. In a recent biography of Paine, Jack Fruchtman treated Paine as a civic humanist, a radical critic of English society, and a defender of commercial republics. 5 Similarly, Joyce Appleby and Drew McCoy have employed republicanism to explain American politics in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century. 6 It seems to me that the focus on the radical Whig’s critique of Edmund Burke is indeed a good place to start. In the preface to the English edition of The Rights of Man Paine maintained that “from the part Mr. Burke took in the American Revolution, it was natural that I should consider him a friend to mankind ... but no sooner did he see the old prejudices wearing away, than he immediately began sowing the seeds of a new inveteracy, as if he were afraid that England and France would cease to be enemies.” 7 In Paine’s view Burke and his allies among the Old Whigs were simply hypocrites. They supported reform, he said, only when it benefitted themselves. Intent on their own self-interest, they could never admit that, “it is to a nation that the right of forming or reforming, generating or regenerating constitutions and governments belong;... those subjects ... are always before a country as a matter of right....” 8 Yet as James Boulton has suggested, Paine actually spoke for only a relatively small segment of Burke’s critics. 9 Other more moderate Whigs like Philip Francis and James Mackintosh disagreed with Paine while also rejecting Burke’s violent rhetoric and what they perceived as his opposition to all reform. Over the course of the controversy these moderates maintained contact with Burke, argued respectfully with him, and often continued to work with him on other issues. Moreover, Burke and at least some of his critics shared a common commitment to progress achieved by gradual reform within a context of social stability. Where they differed most was in two areas of subordinate theoretical concern. First, within the common framework of progress, they debated matters of detail, timing, and pace. Second, they disagreed on a number of specific issues which involved such concepts as human nature, equality, the degree of flexibility within the social system, and the value of education, associated with progress. It is, I believe, the disagreement on these subordinate issues which [End Page 300] explains the Whig split. Their limited reconciliation followed in turn...

Richard Price and Essam Tamimi, United Arab Emirates Court of Cassation Judgments 1989-1997

AbstractNo Abstract

From Duty to Desire: Remaking Families in a Spanish Village

From Duty to Desire: Remaking Families in a Spanish Village. JANE FISHBURNE COLLIER. Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press, 1997; 264 pp. Jane Fishburne Collier is to be commended for having confronted a number of difficult theoretical and methodological issues in this impressive ethnography about the making of subjectivity in the Andalusian village pseudonymously called Olivos. An unusual feature of this ethnography is the extent to which Collier had access to, and makes wonderful use of, the fieldnotes and personal memories of not only herself and George Collier but also of other foreign anthropologists who worked in Los Olivos during the 1960s. These anthropologists include the late Michelle Zimbalist Rosaldo, Sally Simmons, Sally Price, and Richard Price. Although she has returned to Los Olivos frequently for visits of varying durations over the last several decades, in this book Collier mainly contrasts her own and others' data from the early to mid-1960s with the material that she collected during fieldwork stays in 1980, 1983, and 1984. It is Collier's interest in mapping what some from Los Olivos characterize as a radical shift in the mentality of Andalusians over the latter half of the twentieth century that makes the existence of various sets of fieldnotes from the 1960s especially important. From duty to desire is organized to address the assertion of one of Collier's Andalusian interlocutors. In 1983 she was told that the generation of young people born in Los Olivos after 1945 tended to think for themselves rather than acting mainly in accordance with social conventions, as was common among of earlier generations (p. 4). Collier begins each chapter with a quotation from the 1876 novel Dona Perfecta by Benito Perez Galdos, in which a similar dichotomy is consistently drawn. This juxtaposition of correspondent emphases on a shift to modern persons in the latter decades of both the nineteenth and twentieth centuries is an effective reminder of the importance of exploring the historical emergence of discourses of Methodologically, Collier tackles the tough terrain of how anthropologists can contribute to analyses of how talk about the connections between personal motivations and behaviour. Theoretically she carefully dissects her own and others' uses of terminology such as tradition and modernity, pointing out that the very contrast traditional/modern is in itself a product of post-Enlightenment European constructions of history and self-making. For example, following the work of Michel Foucault and others, Collier explains that she disagrees with the assertions of some Andalusians about the personal freedom to act that they have gained with modernity. Moreover, she embeds her examination of the emergence of subjectivity within the context of the changing bases for social inequality in this part of Europe, as she demonstrates the explanatory consequence of practice theorists such as Pierre Bourdieu, Anthony Giddens, and Sherry Ortner. After carefully setting out the parameters of her study, Collier chooses to focus on the practices of social intimacy associated with family life and thus examines ethnographic data on changes in courtship practices, marriage, child rearing, and mourning customs. In a final chapter she examines the celebration of Andalusian cultural practices such as the dancing of sevillanas in the context of the politics of nonCastilian national traditions in post-Franco Spain. …

General and Miscellaneous - The Penguin Dictionary of Eighteenth-Century History. Edited by Jeremy Black and Roy Porter. London: Penguin Books Ltd., 1996. Pp. xviii, 880. $17.95, paper. - The Penguin Dictionary of Nineteenth-Century History. Edited by John Belchem and Richard Price, Advisory Editor: Richard J. Evans. London: Penguin Books Ltd., 1996. Pp. xviii, 717. $16.95, paper.

General and Miscellaneous - The Penguin Dictionary of Eighteenth-Century History. Edited by Jeremy Black and Roy Porter. London: Penguin Books Ltd., 1996. Pp. xviii, 880. $17.95, paper. - The Penguin Dictionary of Nineteenth-Century History. Edited by John Belchem and Richard Price, Advisory Editor: Richard J. Evans. London: Penguin Books Ltd., 1996. Pp. xviii, 717. $16.95, paper.

The Wealth and Poverty of Nations: Why Some Are So Rich and Some So Poor (review)

infant daughter to SIDS), his confused flight, several years earher, from a teaching career and his current troubled relationship with a sexually manipulative kleptomaniac—the length of the novel seems fully justified . What's noteworthy is how weU Lamb orchestrates it all. This is a story full of characters, all of whom seem to have Uves as compUcated as Dominick's, but' because they're aU seen from the perspective of the protagonist 's search for self-knowledge and acceptance, the whole is remarkably integrated—even the strange and gruesome journal of Dominick's Italian grandfather, which Lamb interpolates in its entirety. In fact, the journal is one of the highlights of the novel and features by far the best villain in the book. By contrast, Lamb's other characters, even the Ul-doers, are a little too soft, a Uttle too nice. Even the worst of them is easily and neatly redeemed in the end. It seems like hair-spUtting to criticize this good, big, absorbing book, but a touch less earnestness wouldn't have hurt. (ES) The Wealth and Poverty of Nations: Why Some Are So Rich and Some So Poor by David S. Landes Norton, 1998, 650 pp., $30 One of the most vexing questions of aU time is why millions of people living on land masses called North America or Western Europe possess health, food and material goods unimaginable to miUions of other people living on different land masses such asAfrica. David S. Landes, a professor of history and economics at Harvard University, devotes 524 pages of text and 110 pages of citations to exploring the answers. Landes does not settle the matter fuUy. Who could? But perhaps he comes closer than most. While he discounts opposing theories based on colonial-era racism or current poUtical correctness, he does not entirely dismiss them. "We shaU see that both of these manichean visions have elements of truth as weU as of ideological fantasy," Landes comments. "Things are always more complicated than we would have them." Though he rejects the notion that Western Europeans and their American descendents are inherently superior to Africans, Landes refuses to ignore the East-West dichotomy or its racial impUcations. To state that European peoples did no more than ride on the backs of less Western tribes "is patently incorrect," Landes declares. "As the historical record shows, for the last thousand years Europe (the West) has been the prime mover of development and modernity ." Obviously not concerned about winning popularity contests, Landes is an iconoclast throughout his thick book. He refuses to completely discard the concept of Eurocentrism just because it offends certain races and ethnic groups. "I prefer truth to goodthink ," he says. "I feel surer of my ground." He should. Any polymath who has inspected the academic literature, then employed his common sense the way Landes has, is bound to feel confident. Fortunately, though, his confidence does not degenerate into smugness. Most of all, Landes wants to be seen as an out-there-inthe -trenches humanitarian. 208 · The Missouri Review Geography is not destiny, he concludes . So what contributes to economic inequality? Landes' conjectures, many of them backed by hard-toobtain evidence, are sometimes persuasive and almost always eloquently stated. (SW) Freedomland by Richard Price Broadway, 1998, 546 pages, $25 Richard Price has followed up Clockers with another novel about racial tensions in urban America. Again he has the voices down perfectly : the young black toughs, the black policeman, his Irish counterpart , the ambitious reporter. Set, like Clockers, in Dempsy, New Jersey, Freedomland is the story of a single white mother, Brenda Martin, who claims that her car with her small child strapped inside was hijacked near the "projects." Lorenzo Council, a cop who grew up in those same projects, is assigned to investigate the case. He interviews Brenda, walks her through the crime scene, tries to keep her policeman brother from inflaming the situation and begins to suspect that the "crime" did not happen in the way that she claims. Also investigating is Jesse Haus, a reporter, the daughter of a radical, who faUs into a close relationship with Brenda. EventuaUy, though, she too,becomes suspicious of Brenda 's claims...

Richard Price (ed.), Maroon Societies: Rebel Slave Communities in the Americas (Baltimore, MD, and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 3rd edition, 1996), pp. xl+429, £14.00 pb.

Richard Price (ed.), Maroon Societies: Rebel Slave Communities in the Americas (Baltimore, MD, and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 3rd edition, 1996), pp. xl+429, £14.00 pb. - Volume 29 Issue 3

Richard Price, the Debate on Free Will, and Natural Rights

Richard Price, the Debate on Free Will, and Natural Rights Gregory I. Molivas When Richard Price projected metaphysical assumptions onto his ethical theory, he elaborated a conception of man as a normatively self-regulating being. Endowed with rationality, man is a “law unto himself.” Price’s political writings postulated accordingly that man should be his own legislator. The first proposition appeared in his ethics in the context of man’s identification with his higher faculties, and the second in the context of man considered as a member of civil society. Crucial to the transition from the first context to the second was Price’s notion of man’s inward constitution as permeating his conception of practical virtue, a view he expanded in his discussion on free will. This conception was built on a sharp contrast between reason and passion, which he described in terms of a relationship like that of sovereign to subject. The contrast is between those faculties which are destined to command, and those who ought to obey. This analogy facilitated comparison with normative relationships obtaining in civil society, where Price identified subservience to passion with obedience to an external-to-the-“self “ power, which in a political context manifested as the wishes of other people. These successive steps from ethical supposition to political claims, formed a body of assumptions underlying beliefs that were shared by many of his contemporaries. They did not constitute a unified system of principles, and it is vain to seek theoretical consistency in all those who seemed to have espoused ideas similar to those of Price. His assumptions do, however, help to explain why some of his contemporaries found his ideas familiar or self-evident, while to others they were incomprehensible. Nor is it a coincidence that Price’s most able critics happened to be psychological determinists (Richard Hey, John Lind, Edmund Burke), who attacked his conception of political liberty after undermining, or disputing, Price’s conception of man. [End Page 105] I. In the writings of all those who inveighed against the rights of man, the words “natural rights” and “metaphysics” are often found together. Thomas Paine was accused of having “crudely stolen” his “crazy metaphysics” from others, 1 and studies of Edmund Burke have continuously pointed to his dislike of the “professor of metaphysics.” Burke’s aversion to abstract speculation and metaphysics has often been interpreted as the natural reaction of an English politician confronting the generalities of continental writers. Frederick Dreyer, however, argues that when Burke wrote his Reflections, he had in mind Price’s philosophical arguments rather than the events of the French Revolution. 2 According to him, the anonymous “metaphysician” whom Burke so often and so vehemently denounced was, in fact, Richard Price. In substantiating his position Dreyer quotes, among other things, a revealing passage from Burke: “There are people who have split and anatomized the doctrine of free government, as if it were an abstract question concerning metaphysical liberty and necessity, and not a matter of moral prudence and natural feeling.” 3 Although Dreyer does not pursue the full implications of the evidence he presents, this is a remarkable statement, because it indicates what Price had undertaken in his political writings. In his philosophical works Price had defended the idea of metaphysical or philosophical liberty as a precondition of moral agency. In the first and most important theoretical section of his influential Observations on the Nature of Civil Liberty, 4 which set out to analyze the nature of liberty, Price summarized his earlier philosophical views. As William King noted in this section of his political pamphlet Price was “totally out in his philosophy.” 5 Price defined liberty as the power of self-government and approached it through its four general divisions: physical liberty, moral, religious, and civil liberty. Commentators on Price have often acknowledged that his conception of liberty, as expounded in his political pamphlet, is indebted to his earlier philosophical work and notably his Review of the Principal Questions in Morals; 6 but they have not followed up with a clear exposition of how the divisions of liberty Price put forward in his Observations are related. [End Page 106] Although J. C. D. Clark claims that...

Richard Price, the Debate on Free Will, and Natural Rights

Richard Price, the Debate on Free Will, and Natural Rights Gregory I. Molivas When Richard Price projected metaphysical assumptions onto his ethical theory, he elaborated a conception of man as a normatively self-regulating being. Endowed with rationality, man is a “law unto himself.” Price’s political writings postulated accordingly that man should be his own legislator. The first proposition appeared in his ethics in the context of man’s identification with his higher faculties, and the second in the context of man considered as a member of civil society. Crucial to the transition from the first context to the second was Price’s notion of man’s inward constitution as permeating his conception of practical virtue, a view he expanded in his discussion on free will. This conception was built on a sharp contrast between reason and passion, which he described in terms of a relationship like that of sovereign to subject. The contrast is between those faculties which are destined to command, and those who ought to obey. This analogy facilitated comparison with normative relationships obtaining in civil society, where Price identified subservience to passion with obedience to an external-to-the-“self “ power, which in a political context manifested as the wishes of other people. These successive steps from ethical supposition to political claims, formed a body of assumptions underlying beliefs that were shared by many of his contemporaries. They did not constitute a unified system of principles, and it is vain to seek theoretical consistency in all those who seemed to have espoused ideas similar to those of Price. His assumptions do, however, help to explain why some of his contemporaries found his ideas familiar or self-evident, while to others they were incomprehensible. Nor is it a coincidence that Price’s most able critics happened to be psychological determinists (Richard Hey, John Lind, Edmund Burke), who attacked his conception of political liberty after undermining, or disputing, Price’s conception of man. [End Page 105] I. In the writings of all those who inveighed against the rights of man, the words “natural rights” and “metaphysics” are often found together. Thomas Paine was accused of having “crudely stolen” his “crazy metaphysics” from others, 1 and studies of Edmund Burke have continuously pointed to his dislike of the “professor of metaphysics.” Burke’s aversion to abstract speculation and metaphysics has often been interpreted as the natural reaction of an English politician confronting the generalities of continental writers. Frederick Dreyer, however, argues that when Burke wrote his Reflections, he had in mind Price’s philosophical arguments rather than the events of the French Revolution. 2 According to him, the anonymous “metaphysician” whom Burke so often and so vehemently denounced was, in fact, Richard Price. In substantiating his position Dreyer quotes, among other things, a revealing passage from Burke: “There are people who have split and anatomized the doctrine of free government, as if it were an abstract question concerning metaphysical liberty and necessity, and not a matter of moral prudence and natural feeling.” 3 Although Dreyer does not pursue the full implications of the evidence he presents, this is a remarkable statement, because it indicates what Price had undertaken in his political writings. In his philosophical works Price had defended the idea of metaphysical or philosophical liberty as a precondition of moral agency. In the first and most important theoretical section of his influential Observations on the Nature of Civil Liberty, 4 which set out to analyze the nature of liberty, Price summarized his earlier philosophical views. As William King noted in this section of his political pamphlet Price was “totally out in his philosophy.” 5 Price defined liberty as the power of self-government and approached it through its four general divisions: physical liberty, moral, religious, and civil liberty. Commentators on Price have often acknowledged that his conception of liberty, as expounded in his political pamphlet, is indebted to his earlier philosophical work and notably his Review of the Principal Questions in Morals; 6 but they have not followed up with a clear exposition of how the divisions of liberty Price put forward in his Observations are related. [End Page 106] Although J. C. D. Clark claims that...

The Culture of National Security: Norms and Identity in World Politics

1: Introduction: Alternative Perspectives on National Security, by Peter J. Katzenstein2: Norms, Identity, and Culture in National Security, by Ronald L. Jepperson, Alexander Wendt, and Peter J. KatzensteinI. Norms and National Security3: Status, Norms, and the Proliferation of Conventional Weapons: An Institutional Theory Approach, by Dana P. Eyre and Mark C. Suchman4: Norms and Deterrence: The Nuclear and Chemical Weapons Taboos, by Richard Price and Nina Tannenwald5: Constructing Norms of Humanitarian Intervention, by Martha Finnemore6: Culture and French Military Doctrine Before World War II, by Elizabeth Kier7: Cultural Realism and Strategy in Maoist China, by Alastair Iain JohnstonII. Identity and National Security8: Identity, Norms, and National Security: The Soviet Foreign Policy Revolution and the End of the Cold War, by Robert G. Herman9: Norms, Identity, and National Security in Germany and Japan, by Thomas U. Berger10: Collective Identity in a Democratic Community: The Case of NATO, by Thomas Risse-Kappen11: Identity and Alliances in the Middle East, by Michael N. BarnettIII. Implications and Conclusions12: Norms, Identity, and Their Limits: A Theoretical Reprise, by Paul Kowert and Jeffrey Legro13: Conclusion: National Security in a Changing World, by Peter J. Katzenstein

Blurring the Line between Fact and Fiction: A War of Witches: A Journey into the Underworld of the Contemporary Aztecs. Timothy J. Knab.: Enigma Variations: A Novel. Richard Price and Sally Price

American AnthropologistVolume 98, Issue 3 p. 623-624 Blurring the Line between Fact and Fiction: A War of Witches: A Journey into the Underworld of the Contemporary Aztecs. Timothy J. Knab.: Enigma Variations: A Novel. Richard Price and Sally Price Miles Richardson, Miles Richardson Louisiana State UniversitySearch for more papers by this author Miles Richardson, Miles Richardson Louisiana State UniversitySearch for more papers by this author First published: September 1996 https://doi.org/10.1525/aa.1996.98.3.02a00170Citations: 2AboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume98, Issue3September 1996Pages 623-624 RelatedInformation

Reviews

Reviews

Humorous Anecdotes from Original Sources by and about Abraham Lincoln (review)

BOOK REVIEWS157 buried in the disappointingly brief bibliography. (A bibliographical essay would have been far more useful.) Finally, there is no discussion as to the selection process for the material included. Medical memoirs are plentiful and, like other wartime recollections, must be used with a good deal of caution. Despite these concerns, Denny has compiled a useful work. While of greater value to the casual reader and the amateur historian than to the scholar, it contributes to a fuller understanding of the too-long-understudied "terrible" side of the Civil War. James O. Breeden Southern Methodist University Humorous Anecdotesfrom Original Sources by and about Abraham Lincoln. Edited by P. M. ZaIl. (Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1995. Pp. xii, 193. $14.00.) This is a welcome and much-needed reprint, in paper, of the definitive edition of anecdotes Lincoln used—over three-hundred of them. While there have been many other books about Lincoln's humor, this is the first to substantiate the stories as those used by Lincoln. In chronological order, they appear with notes to put them in context, adjudge their credibility, and identify, when known, the source. There are two useful indexes, one for specific subjects and one for general topics. It is true that humor was a major part of Lincoln's persona: he used stories to make a point, convince his listeners, facilitate understanding, and relieve stress. It was James G. Randall who said, "Humor was no mere technique but a habit of [Lincoln's] mind." Lincoln was a "retail dealer" who did not create the anecdotes but heard them from others or picked them up from his voracious reading of newspapers and journals, filed them in his extensive repertoire, embellished them with his personal imprint, and then skillfully applied them for whatever need was at hand. His use ofmetaphors was based on Aesop's fables, the Bible, and his own Western upbringing. So, it is no surprise that the subjects ranged from barnyard humor to politicians to the very people who made up the immediate postfrontier period in which he grew to manhood while practicing the dual professions of politics and law. Coming from another time, many anecdotes do not now appear amusing. No. 176, for example, has a clergyman at the beginning of the Civil War saying to President Lincoln that he "hoped the Lord was on our side." "I am not at all concerned about that," replied Mr. Lincoln, "for I know that the Lord is always on the side of the right, but it is my constant anxiety and prayer that I and this nation should be on the Lord's side." Some are dubious, like No. 268, where a speaker (Richard Price Morgan), on February 12, 1909, avows that he stood next to Mr. Lincoln in 1856 and heard him say, "You can fool some of I58CIVIL WAR HISTORY the people all of the time, and all of the people some of the time, but you can't fool all of the people all of the time." This was important because John G. Nicolay and John Hay in their Complete Works ofAbraham Lincoln reported that no one could discover whether Lincoln had, in effect, uttered this oftquoted remark. In fact, the authentic Respectfully Quoted, a Dictionary of Quotations Requestedfrom the Congressional Research Service by the Library of Congress also cannot verify whether Lincoln said this. Some are still funny, like No. 10, in which the self-effacing Lincoln thought he was like the ugly man riding through a forest who came upon a woman who commented, "Well, for land's sake, you are the homeliest man I ever saw." "Yes, madam, but I can't help it." he replied. "No, I suppose not," she observed, "but you might stay at home." Lincoln's attempts at ribald humor are also included (No. 324). He said he was riding bass-ackwards on ajass-ack, through a patton-cotch, on a pair of baddle-sags, stuffed full of binger-gred, when the animal steered at a scump, and the lirrup-steather broke, and throwed him in theforner of the kence and broke his pishing-fole. He said he would not have minded it...

Microvascular rheology of FS-069 versus albunex R: Implications for intra-arterial injection : Danny Skyba, PhD, Richard Price, PhD, Thomas Skalak, PhD, Sanjiv Kaul, MD. University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia

Microvascular rheology of FS-069 versus albunex R: Implications for intra-arterial injection : Danny Skyba, PhD, Richard Price, PhD, Thomas Skalak, PhD, Sanjiv Kaul, MD. University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia

On the Mall: Presenting Maroon Tradition‐Bearers at the 1992 Festival of American Folklife. RICHARD PRICE and SALLY PRICE

<i>On the Mall: Presenting Maroon Tradition‐Bearers at the 1992 Festival of American Folklife.</i> RICHARD PRICE and SALLY PRICE

Wolves from the Sea: Readings in the Anthropology of the Native Caribbean . NEIL L. WHITE-HEAD, ed

American EthnologistVolume 23, Issue 1 p. 187-187 Wolves from the Sea: Readings in the Anthropology of the Native Caribbean. NEIL L. WHITE-HEAD, ed RICHARD PRICE, RICHARD PRICE Anse Chaudière, Martinique, and College of William and MarySearch for more papers by this author RICHARD PRICE, RICHARD PRICE Anse Chaudière, Martinique, and College of William and MarySearch for more papers by this author First published: February 1996 https://doi.org/10.1525/ae.1996.23.1.02a00740AboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume23, Issue1February 1996Pages 187-187 RelatedInformation

EDITING "PIERS PLOWMAN"

EDITING PIERS PLOWMAN With the publication of this strikingly handsome parallel-text edition of Pier Plowman, textual study of the poem seems to be as far as ever from reaching a state of equilibrium. It was Skeat who first identified and named the A-, Band C-Texts of Piers Plowman, building on a suggestion made by Richard Price in 1824. Skeat took on an overwhelming task, sifting through a vast mass of largely unread manuscripts to produce three `best-text' editions (of A in 867, of B in 1869 and of C in 1873) that were to act as landmarks by which subsequent editors (and textual critics) of the poem could orientate themselves and further map out Piers Plowman territory. The dust was given a few years to settle, but was then blown away by J. M. Manly's theory of multiple authorship in 1906. Skeat's effective successor, R. W. Chambers, responded to this challenge by pointing out that Skeat's texts and collations, on which Manly's hypothesis was based, were less than satisfactory. Chambers embarked on a new edition of the A-Text, only to realize that editing A was impossible without editing B, and that in turn editing B was impossible without editing C. This is because, over many lines in the poem, all three texts read roughly the same, but many converging variants are found in manuscripts of different versions. Under these circumstances, it seemed foolish to try to determine the original reading for one version without examining the pattern of variation in the other versions, and attempting to explain the relation between the versions/manuscripts in terms of authorial revision, or scribal contamination, or scribal error. Chambers's edition, begun in Igog, progressed very slowly indeed, despite his enlisting various graduate students (including A. G. Mitchell and George Kane) to help with the B- and C-Texts. At his death in 1942 it passed into the hands of his dilatory co-editor, J. H. G. Grattan, proceeding thence (at Grattan's death) to Mitchell, and thence to Kane. Kane set aside the work of his predecessors and started editing A from scratch, publishing his substantial and acclaimed edition of this version (for the Athlone Press) in 196o. But it was not until he edited B with E. T. Donaldson, for the Athlone edition published in 1975, that he returned to Chambers's principle that the editing of the three texts must proceed side by side. This was admirable, except that the two editors did not re-think Kane's earlier editing of A in order to make it square with this new approach. This means that the Athlone A- and B- Texts rest on uncomfortably incompatible bases: A is edited on the evidence of A variants alone, while B is edited with a constant eye to the readings of (Kane's) A and of C (the text and variants as assembled by George Russell). Three years later, in 1978, the market was seized from these two formidably scholarly volumes by A. V. C. Schmidt's Everyman paperback of the B-Text (hereafter Ev 1), another critical edition, heavily based on Kane-Donaldson's theories but bodying them forth far more moderately in an accessibly sized and priced little volume. In the same year Pearsall's edition of C appeared, edited by an entirely different method. Unlike Schmidt, Pearsall could not draw on an existing edition of his text which gave a full conspectus of variants together with a thorough-going theory as to how to interpret them. So he produced a `best-text' edition based on Hm I43 (unknown to Skeat), by general agreement the most authoritative of the C manuscripts, describing his work as an interim volume to serve the student and scholarly public until such time as the Athlone C-Text should be published (an enterprise embarked upon by A. G. Mitchell before 1939, passed on to George Russell by Ig62, and apparently due for publication, under the joint editorship of Russell and Kane, in 1997). The Z-Text of Piers Plowman, edited by A. G. Rigg and myself, then followed a few years later in 1983; its claim to represent an Ur-Text of the poem, pre-dating A, has provoked strong reactions and has badly shaken one of the basic premises of all the above-mentioned editions, that Langland wrote three versions of the poem and three versions only. …

Early Modern

Navies and Nations: Warships, Navies and State Building in Europe and America 1500–1860. 2 vols. By Jan Glete Erasmus of Europe: Prince of Humanists 1501–1536. By R. J. Schoeck Charity and State in Late Renaissance Italy: The Monte di Pieta of Florence. By Carol Bresnahan Meaning Musik Fyne: Robert Carver and the Art of Music in Sixteenth Century Scotland. By D. James Ross The Royal Palaces of Tudor England. By Simon Thurley John Leland's Itinerary: Travels in Tudor England. By John Chandler The Reformation in the Parishes: The Ministry and the Reformation in Town and Country. Edited by Andrew Pettegree The Reformation and the Visual Arts: The Protestant Image Question in Western and Eastern Europe. By Sergiusz Michalski Women and Religion in England, 1500–1720. By Patricia Crawford The Family of Love in English Society, 1550–1630. By Christopher W. Marsh Women and Property in Early Modern England. By Amy Louise Erickson Die europaischen Xfachte und der ‘Lange Tiirkenkrieg’ Kaiser Rudolfs II (1593–1606). By Jan Paul Niederkorn The Secularization of Early Modern England: From Religious Culture to Religious Faith. By C. John Sommerville Early Modern Conceptions of Property. Edited by John Brewer and Susan Staves Land and Economy in Baroque Italy: Valpolicella, 1630–1797. By Peter Musgrave The Political Career of Oliver St John 1637–1649. By William Palmer The Transformation of Rural Scotland: Social Change and the Agrarian Economy 1660–1815. By T.M. Devine Clanship to Crofters' War: The Social Transformation of the Scottish Highlands. By T. M. Devine The Politics of the People in Eighteenth‐Century Britain. By H. T. Dickinson The Jacobites: Britain and Europe 1688–1788. By Daniel Szechi Concert Life in London from Mozart to Haydn. By Simon McVeigh The End of an Elite: The French Bishops and the Coming of the Revolution 1786–1790. By Nigel Aston Witness against the Beast: William Blake and the Moral Law. By E. P. Thompson The Correspondence of Richard Price, Volume III: February 1786‐February 1791. Edited by W. Bernard Peach

On the Mall: Presenting Maroon Tradition‐Bearers at the 1992 Festival of American Folklife/Enigma Variations

On the Mall: Presenting Maroon Tradition‐Bearers at the 1992 Festival of American Folklife. Richard and Sally Price. Bloomington: Folklore Institute, Indiana University, Special Publications, No. 4, 1994. xi. 123 pp.; 16 illus., notes, bibliography. $25.00 (cloth), $12.00 (paper).Enigma Variations, Richard and Sally Price. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1995. 164 pp.; 155 illustrations, notes. $18.95 (cloth).

The Philosophy of Freedom: Ideological Origins of the Bill of Rights

In this collection, Samuel Rudolph elucidates the ideological core of our fundamental rights. He attempts to preserve the roots of liberty and the rationale in the minds of our ancestors through original writings, arranged by historical period, from the early Americans as well as their English precursors. Rudolph provides commentary and introductory essays. Contents: Introduction; Part I. Samuel Rudolph: European Precedents of the American Concept of Liberty; John Locke: 'On the Extent of Legislative Power'; John Trenchard and Thomas Gordon: 'Letters of Cato'; David Hume: 'Of the Liberty of the Press'; Baron Montesquieu: Spirit of the Laws; William Blackstone: The Natural Rights of Mankind and Freedom of the Press; Edmund Burke: The Spirit of Liberty in Early America; Richard Price: Civil Liberty, Free Government and Slavery; Part II. Samuel Rudolph: American Concept of Liberty in the Revolutionary Era; Joseph Galloway: 'A Letter to the People of Pennsylvania'; James Fitch: Taxation without Representation; Oxenbridge Thacher: A Common Law Right to Representation Before Taxation; James Otis: 'Of the Natural Rights of Colonists'; Stephen Hopkins: New World, Old Rights: Opposition to the Acts of Parliament; Benjamin Rush: An Early Argument Against Slavery, The Peculiar Institution in America; Alexander Hamilton: Fundamental Rights and Natural Law; Thomas Jefferson: Religious Freedom in a Sovereign America; Thomas Paine: On the Origins and Rationale of Government; Part III: Samuel Rudolph: The Constitutional Debate; Richard Henry Lee: Federal Farmer Number 16; Hamilton, Madison and Jay: The Federalist on the Dangers of Faction and Parties; James Madison: Fundamental Rights in the Proposed Constitution-Explicit or Implicit? George Mason: Did We Really Need a Bill of Rights? Thomas Jefferson: Free Speech, Free Press and the Right to a Jury Trial; Part IV. Samuel Rudolph: Toward Nationhood: Early Interpretations of Our Basic Freedoms; Thomas Jefferson: On Rights and Duties-Proportional Punishments to Fit the Crimes; Zephaniah Swift: 'A System of Laws of the State of Connecticut'; Calder vs. Bull: The Right of Ex Post Facto-Early Supreme Court Interpretations on the Scope of a Fundamental Right; Postscript; Appendix: 1.The English Petition of Rights (1628); Virginia Declaration of Rights (1776); The Constitution of the United States (1787); Amendments to The Constitution.

Two Evenings in Saramaka. RICHARD PRICE and SALLY PRICE

American EthnologistVolume 21, Issue 4 p. 1095-1096 Two Evenings in Saramaka. RICHARD PRICE and SALLY PRICE DONALD POLLOCK, DONALD POLLOCK State University of New York, BuffaloSearch for more papers by this author DONALD POLLOCK, DONALD POLLOCK State University of New York, BuffaloSearch for more papers by this author First published: November 1994 https://doi.org/10.1525/ae.1994.21.4.02a02090AboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL No abstract is available for this article. Volume21, Issue4November 1994Pages 1095-1096 RelatedInformation