Rich Products Research Articles

H2 rich gas production from agricultural waste mixture over Ni/kaolin and Ni/bentonite catalyst by gasification

Biomass gasification is an attractive technology in order to utilize agricultural waste which is the mixture of oil extracted sunflower seeds (pulp), tea, and tobacco waste. In this study, natural clay-based catalysts were synthesized using the impregnation method with the different Ni loading amounts (10, 20, 30 wt%), different support materials (kaolin and bentonite). The catalysts were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis (BET). Gasification of biomass mixture was performed using air as the gasification agent using an updraft tubular gasifier. Studies were carried out at 650–850 °C and the time range of 15–30 min without a catalyst, and the studies with catalyst were carried out at a constant temperature of 650 °C. The highest hydrogen yield was obtained as 6.86 mol/kg biomass at 650 °C, 15 min with 30% Ni/Calcined Kaolin.

Childhood in "no galinheiro, no devagar do tempo", by Ondjaki

The African literature of Portuguese language corresponds to a relatively recent production, if we take into account the post-independence history of these countries. However, they consist of a vast and rich production from the cultural, identity, aesthetic point of view and the way in which orality is imbricated in the writing. It is in this context that the work of the Angolan Ondjaki is situated, which explores, among so many themes and perspectives, the issue of childhood, the starting point of one of his best-known works, Os da Minha Rua (2007), composed of twenty-two narratives. Among them is the text “No galinheiro, no devagar do tempo”, object of study of this article, which aims to analyze how childhood is presented in this story. For this, we developed a bibliographical research, based, in particular, on the ideas of Bakhtin (2002), Jacoby (2010), Chombart de Lauwe (1991), Lajolo (1997), among othersKeywords: Ondjaki; African Literature; Childhood.

ДОПРИНОС ЦЕНТРА ЗА СОЦИОЛОШКА ИСТРАЖИВАЊА ФИЛОЗОФСКОГ ФАКУЛТЕТА У НИШУ РАЗВОЈУ НАУКЕ, ОБРАЗОВАЊА, МЕЂУНАРОДНЕ И МЕЂУУНИВЕРЗИТЕТСКЕ САРАДЊЕ

The paper presents the institutional development of the Center for Sociological Research from its establishment until today and an overview of implemented scientific research projects, national and international scientific conferences and round tables, that have contributed to the development of science, education, international and interuniversity cooperation in Serbia and the Balkan, which is part of the scientific research and cultural missions of the Center for Sociological Research. The paper is based on the analysis of archival and bibliographic material, which testifies to the extremely rich and multidisciplinary scientific production and the engagement of researchers in recognizing, perceiving and studying current social problems. Considering the achieved results, the Center is internationally recognizable as the initiator and backbone not only of research activities that contribute to the development of science and education, but also social engagement to achieve international and interethnic cooperation in the spirit of peace culture. In accordance with its recognizable contribution in the field of scientific research, educational and socio-cultural activities, the Center for Sociological Research has highly affirmed itself in the scientific, educational and cultural public of Serbia and the region.

A Framework to Assess the Resilience of Energy Systems Based on Quantitative Indicators

The “Clean Energy for all Europeans” package highlights the need to create a resilient critical energy infrastructure in the European Union. Resilience is an emerging term to describe the energy system’s ability to withstand shocks caused by natural hazards, technical accidents, or intentional threats. In this paper, a framework to assess the resilience of energy systems using quantitative indicators is presented. Two main groups of resilience indicators are proposed that depend on what is being measured within the energy system: capacity (attribute-based) indicators or performance in the presence of disruption (performance-based) indicators. This study concentrates on the first resilience phase, when the energy system has to absorb the impact of the shock. The approach considers various disruptions (both internal and external) as triggering events. There is a particular focus on future shocks affecting the prospective energy system, which will have changed with respect to the current one. The future foresight capabilities and potential of the selected resilience indicators are demonstrated using calculations for the Lithuanian energy system. The results revealed that the most important factors that impact energy system resilience are a rich electricity production mix and the diversification of both supply and production in the prospective energy system.

Breakfast cereals from whole grain and Indian horse chestnut flours obtained through extrusion: Physical, mechanical and functional characteristics

The objective of this research was to optimize feed composition (whole wheat flour (WWF), whole barley flour (WBF), whole corn flour (WCF) and Indian horse chestnut flour (IHCF)) and evaluating the effects of different ratios of feed composition on the functional, physical and mechanical characteristics of extrudates. Response Surface Methodology was used to optimize the ingredients. Results found that breakfast cereals with 8.3% of WWF, 8.75% of WBF and 3.75% of IHCF had higher rehydration ratios and desirable hardness, porosity, bulk density and color as compared to other treatment samples. Increasing the whole-grain reduced water solubility index, water absorption index and surface mechanical energy. The optimum processing conditions obtained by numerical optimization for the development of breakfast cereals were 10% WWF, 10% WBF, 2.5% IHCF, and 77.5% WCF at 14% of moisture, 110ºC temperature and screw speed of 380 rpm. Therefore, the development of breakfast cereals through extrusion cooking of mixture of whole-grains and IHCF is feasible, providing the base for fiber rich healthier snack food products.

A single-step catalytic process for the production of high-octane molecules from normal paraffins using zeolite supported bi-functional catalysts

Stringent fuel specifications qualify no single refinery stream to work alone as gasoline fuel and reformulated gasoline blends various refinery streams appropriately to meet the desired fuel specifications. Branched paraffins, generally called isomerate, along with toluene and xylenes belonging to aromatics, are the desired components in gasoline. Benzene minimization is desired due to carcinogenicity considerations. Through existing conventional processes, the formation of these various components is thermodynamically favored under different sets of reaction conditions (lower reaction temperature favors branched paraffin while higher reaction temperature favors aromatics). Here we report a single-step process that works on a single catalyst system to produce low-benzene, toluene-and-xylene-rich, branched paraffin (isomerate)-rich and high-octane gasoline product from n-heptane. Several ZSM-5 zeolites varying in framework Si/Al ratio have been studied to select the proper acidity, followed by metal functionalization with Pt and, or Co to facilitate the branching and dehydrocyclization reactions of n-heptane in a vapor-phase continuous-flow operation in the presence of N2 as carrier gas. Detailed reaction studies indicated exciting findings related to co-formation of iso-heptanes and aromatics through a common cyclic intermediate in a single step process; thus, provides a path from linear alkanes to a promising gasoline stock for fuel applications.

A Candidate Drug Screen Strategy: The Discovery of Oroxylin A in Scutellariae Radix Against Sepsis via the Correlation Analysis Between Plant Metabolomics and Pharmacodynamics.

Sepsis is an acute systemic infectious disease with high mortality, which urgently needs more effective treatment. Scutellariae radix (SR), a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for clearing heat and detoxification, contains rich natural products possessing anti-inflammatory activity. In previous studies, it was found that the anti-inflammatory activities of SR extracts from different ecological conditions varied wildly. Based on this, in the present study, a screening strategy of antisepsis active components from SR based on correlation analysis between plant metabolomics and pharmacodynamics was established, and the mechanism was explored. First of all, a mass spectrum database of SR (above 240 components) was established to lay the foundation for the identification of plant metabolomics by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). Through the correlation analysis between plant metabolomics and anti-inflammatory activity of SR from different ecology regions, 10 potential components with high correlation coefficients were preliminarily screened out. After the evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity and toxicity at the cellular level, the pharmacodynamic evaluation in vivo found that oroxylin A had the potentiality of antisepsis both in LPS- and CLP-induced endotoxemia mice. Network pharmacology and Western blot (WB) results indicated that oroxylin A significantly inhibited the toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-kappa B (TLR4/NF-κB) signaling pathway, which was further confirmed by secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) assay. Moreover, the molecular docking analysis indicated that oroxylin A might competitively inhibit LPS binding to myeloid differentiation 2 (MD-2) to block the activation of TLR4. The study provided a feasible research strategy for the screening and discovery of antisepsis candidate drugs from TCM.

Feature extraction of search product based on multi-feature fusion-oriented to Chinese online reviews

The increasing Chinese online reviews contain rich product demand information, especially for search products. This study suggests a product feature extraction model from online reviews based on multi-feature fusion named PFEMF (products features extraction based on multi-feature fusion) model. Combining sentence and word characteristics of Chinese online reviews, the model explores the lexical features, frequency features, span features, and semantic similarity features of words. And then, they are fused to identify the features that customers are concerned about most by sequential relationship analysis. The identified product feature provides direction for product innovation and facilitates the product selection for customers. Finally, the study takes iPad Air as an example to prove this model. The results show that the extraction performance of the PFEMF model is superior to the traditional term frequency-inverse document frequency (tf-idf) algorithm, word span algorithm, and semantic similarity algorithm.

Effects of Biochar on the Growth and Development of Tomato Seedlings and on the Response of Tomato Plants to the Infection of Systemic Viral Agents.

Biochar is a rich carbon product obtained by pyrolysis of biomass under a limited supply of oxygen. It is composed mainly of aromatic molecules, but its agronomic value is hard to evaluate and difficult to predict due to its great variable characteristics depending on the type of starting biomass and the conditions of pyrolysis. Anyway, it could be used as soil amendment because it increases the soil fertility of acidic soils, increases the agricultural productivity, and seems to provide protection against some foliar and soilborne diseases. In this study, the effects of biochar, obtained from olive pruning, have been evaluated on tomato seedlings growth and on their response to systemic agents' infection alone or added with beneficial microorganisms (Bacillus spp. and Trichoderma spp.). First, experimental data showed that biochar seems to promote the development of the tomato seedlings, especially at concentrations ranging from 1 to 20% (w/w with peat) without showing any antimicrobial effects on the beneficial soil bacteria at the tomato rhizosphere level and even improving their growth. Thus, those concentrations were used in growing tomato plants experimentally infected with tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) and potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd). The biochar effect was estimated by evaluating three parameters, namely, symptom expression, number of infected plants, and pathogen quantification, using RT-qPCR technique and −ΔΔCt analysis. Biochar at 10–15% and when added with Trichoderma spp. showed that it reduces the replication of PSTVd and the expression of symptoms even if it was not able to block the start of infection. The results obtained on TSWV-infected plants suggested that biochar could contribute to reducing both infection rate and virus replication. For systemic viral agents, such as PSTVd and TSWV, there are no curative control methods, and therefore, the use of prevention means, as can be assumed the use biochar, for example, in the nursery specialized in horticultural crops, can be of great help. These results can be an encouraging starting point to introduce complex biochar formulates among the sustainable managing strategies of plant systemic diseases.

Micro-algae assisted green bioremediation of water pollutants rich leachate and source products recovery

Water management and treatment are high concern fields with several challenges due to increasing pollutants produced by human activity. It is imperative to find integral solutions and strategic measures with robust remediation. Landfill leachate production is a high concern emerging problem. Especially in low middle-income countries due to no proper local waste disposition regulation and non-engineered implemented methods to dispose of urban waste. These landfills can accumulate electronic waste and release heavy metals during the degradation process. Similar phenomena include expired pharmaceuticals like antibiotics. All these pollutants accumulated in leachate made it hard to dispose of or treat. Leachate produced in non-engineered landfills can permeate soils and reach groundwater, dragging different contaminants, including antibiotics and heavy metals, which eventually can affect the environment, changing soil properties and affecting wildlife. The presence of antibiotics in the environment is a problem with particular interest to solve, mainly to avoid the development of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, which represent a future risk for human health with possible epidemic implications. It has been reported that the use of contaminated water with heavy metals to produce and grow vegetables is a risk for consumers, heavy metals effects in humans can include carcinogenic induction. This work explores the opportunities to use leachate as a source of nutrients to grow microalgae. Microalgae stand out as an alternative to bioremediate leachate, at the same time, microalgae produce high-value compounds that can be used in bioplastic, biofuels, and other industrial applications.

Thiourea enriched cotton waste enhances biomass and nutrition contents in (White oyster) and (Phoenix oyster) mushrooms

Oyster mushrooms (white oyster and Phoenix oyster) are edible, delicious and having medicinal properties. This study aimed to estimate the role of thiourea (TU) enriched with cotton waste for production of Pleurotus ostreatus (P1) and Pleurotus sajor-caju (P3). Undiluted cotton waste was used as control (T1 = 100% cotton waste) and accretion along different combination of TU (T2 = 2 mmol L−1, T3 = 4 mmol L−1, T4 = 6 mmol L−1, T5 = 8 mmol L−1 and T6 = 10 mmol L−1). This research was conducted in 2015–2016. The response of Oyster mushroom strains to TU was estimated initiation of spawn running, completion of mycelium growth (100%), biological efficiency (BE), days to completion of flushes (1st, 2nd and 3rd flush), yield, mineral contents (nitrogen (N), potassium (K), manganese (Mn), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), sodium (Na), zinc (Zn), phosphorus (P), Reducing sugars, total sugars and non-reducing, Vitamin C contents and total soluble solids (TSS)of mushrooms fruiting body and spectral characteristics of mushroom examined through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) compared with control. Yield of mushroom and BE, were greater by increasing with an accretion in the various combinations of TU within the cotton waste as compared to control. Both strains of mushrooms indicated total soluble solids (TSS) (6.4–6.7 0Brix), total sugar (12.3–14%), non-reducing sugar (8.9–9.5%), reducing sugar (2.5–3.2%), Ascorbic acid (36–45.1 mg/100 g), carbohydrates (58–62.66%), crude protein (26–28%), crude fiber (26–41%), fat contents (35.3–37%) and ash content (4.35–16.01%) on different levels of TU supplemented with cotton waste. TU properly enriched the cotton waste suggested as a novel substrate for high-quality and nutrition rich mushrooms production.

Nitrogen enrichment alters climate sensitivity of biodiversity and productivity differentially and reverses the relationship between them in an alpine meadow

Biodiversity and productivity that highly determine ecosystem services are varying largely under global change. However, the climate sensitivity of them and their relationship are not well understood, especially in the context of increasing nitrogen (N) deposition. Here, based on a six-year N manipulation experiment in an alpine meadow, we quantified interannual climate sensitivity of species richness (SR) and above-ground net primary productivity (ANPP) as well as SR-ANPP relationship as affected by six N addition rate (Nrate) gradients. We found that interannual variations in ANPP and SR were mainly driven by temperature instead of precipitation. In the plots without N addition, higher temperature substantially increased ANPP but reduced SR across years, thus resulting in a negative SR-ANPP relationship. However, the negative and positive responses of SR and ANPP to temperature increased and declined significantly with increasing Nrate, respectively, leading to a shift of the negative relationship between SR and ANPP into a positive one under high Nrate. Moreover, the adverse influence of drought on SR and ANPP would be aggravated by N fertilization, as indicated by the increased positive effect of precipitation on them under N enrichment. Our findings indicate that climate sensitivity of productivity and biodiversity may be misestimated if the impact of N deposition is not considered, and the importance of biodiversity to maintain productivity would enhance as N deposition increases. This study provides a new insight to explain variation of biodiversity-productivity relationship along with environmental changes.

Industrial sludge valorization and decontamination via lipid extraction and heavy metals removal using low-cost protic ionic liquid

Sludge is a heterogenous organic-rich matter that comprise of highly valuable biopolymers along with various contaminants including heavy metals. Sludge valorization as a renewable resource and inexpensive feedstock is key for sludge realization in circular economy context. This study presents the use of low-cost protic ionic liquid (PIL) as an integrated process medium to decontaminate heavy metal contaminated industrial sludge while selectively extract the lipid content. The treatment process focused on the use of 1-methylimidazole chloride for its higher heavy metal extraction performance compared to other screened ionic liquids (ILs). The treatment was also able to selectively extract lipids from industrial sludge, leaving a protein/carbohydrate rich solid product. Process temperature was shown to have a key impact on the biopolymers' fractionation. Operating at temperatures above 120 °C resulted in higher recovery of proteins in the lipid-rich fraction, compromising the quality of the lipid stream. Variation of the PIL acid/base (a/b) ratio also had a significant impact on the deconstruction of the sludge biopolymers, with a/b ratio of 1 resulting in highest recovery of all biopolymers. Optimal water concentration as co-solvent was found at 30 wt%, with lipid recovery reaching 60% and heavy metals extraction ranging between 29 and 89%.

Geographic context is a key driver of spatial variation of bird species richness during migration

AbstractAimDetermine whether primary productivity or location (distance to the coast) is more important to migrating bird habitat selection.LocationYucatan Peninsula, Mexico.Time periodAugust–December and February–May 2009–2016.TaxaMigratory birds.MethodsUsing eBird data, we modelled spatial variation in species richness as a function of primary productivity and distance to the coast and how the relationships vary with time during spring and autumn migration. We compared the standardized regression coefficients of linear models with a Poisson error distribution.ResultsWe found that three primary productivity indices [normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), enhanced vegetation index (EVI), heterogeneity] performed similarly in predicting species richness. However, species richness was more strongly associated with distance to the coast. In autumn, richness was higher closer to the coast through most of the season and then shifted inland late in autumn. Richness was also higher in more productive habitats. In spring, richness was higher inland early in the season but then increased closer to the coast. Species richness was relatively similar across the primary productivity gradient, even declining slightly with increasing NDVI.Main conclusionsWe did not find convincing evidence for a strong relationship between species richness and primary productivity. Instead, migration constrains birds such that they concentrate in coastal environments. In autumn, migrants may favour habitats that are both coastal and productive, such as those that occur along the Caribbean coast. In spring, migrants may also use the less productive Gulf of Mexico coast, possibly due to high arthropod production occurring during an otherwise dry time of year.

Starch accumulation in duckweeds (lemnaceae) induced by nutrient deficiency

The aim of the present project is to demonstrate the potential of duckweeds in fast production of starch-rich biomass that could render these plants as promising next generation crop plants. Starch-rich biomass can be produced by several methods of starch induction. In the present project the effects of nutrient deficiency (phosphate, nitrate and sulphate) on starch accumulation were investigated in 21 clones (strains) of duckweeds covering 11 species and all 5 genera of the duckweed family encompassing a wide geographic area. The magnitude of change in the starch content after treatment with nutrient deficient medium varied widely within the genera, the different species and different clones of the same species. Highest values, between 40 and 50 %, of starch on dry weight basis of the whole plant biomass were obtained after two weeks of application of phosphate- or nitrogen-lacking nutrient media whereas sulphate deficiency showed minor effects. It is concluded that various clones of the species Landoltia punctata, Lemna minor, and Spirodela intermedia proved to be promising candidates for starch rich biomass production.

Biomass gasification for sustainable energy production: A review

Gasification process is considered as one of the best routes of energy recovery from biomass by producing syngas mostly including H2, CO, and CH4. Biomass as the main renewable energy resources has great advantages regarding its diversity, availability, and sustainability for supplying energy needs in heat, electricity production, biofuel production for transportation, etc. Various gasifiers based on the gasifying process and agents have been examined. This paper reviewed the theory of biomass gasification by comparing and analyzing different gasification models-designs and configurations, also different operational conditions. It aimed to bring a holistic approach for hydrogen rich syngas production based on the present technologies, techno-economic analysis, and industrial/commercialization pathways. The biomass gasification technologies need to be improved for hydrogen production regarding the global environmental and economic issues. The review provided better insights into the enhancement of syngas production from biomass.

WITHDRAWN: Quality assessment and degradative changes of deep-fried oils in street fried food chain of Kashmir, India

Repetitive use of the same oil for deep-frying over a prolonged period is a common practice followed by street vendors across various developing countries. This practice usually results in the generation of harmful compounds imposing serious health threats to consumers. Frying oil samples (fresh, in-use, and discarded) and commonly consumed fried street foods of Kashmir were randomly collected from 16 street food vendors of Srinagar town and its adjacent areas for the assessment of their quality changes during repetitive deep frying. Significant increase in ΣSFA, ΣMUFA, and ΣTFA content and decrease in ΣPUFA was observed in in-use, discarded oil and street foods as compared to fresh oil, reflecting the higher degree of oxidative degradation on repetitive use of same oil. The extent of oxidative degradation was highly influenced by the type of food fried, with lipid-based products showing higher degradation. High free fatty acid value (FFA˃1%), peroxide value (PV˃10meq/kg), P-anisidine value(P-Av˃6), color (higher ΔE), and TOTOX (Totox value˃19.5 mEq/kg) value revealed that only 20% of the in-use frying oil and 10% food products were safe for consumption. However, TPC test, a widely used measure of oxidative degradation suggested that majority of the in-use frying oil was of acceptable quality, thus greatly underestimating oil degradation. • Frying practices of 16 commercial street vendors were assessed. • Fresh, inuse, discarded oil samples and commonly consumed street foods were analysed • Fatty acid profile and physico-chemical characteristics of samples were evaluated. • Fat rich products reportedly shows higher oxidative degradation • Majority of the in-use frying oil and street foods were highly degraded.

Platelet Rich Products and Applications in Dentistry

Otojen trombosit konsantreleri diş hekimliğinde ve çeşitli tıp alanlarında yenilikçi ve umut verici tedavi yaklaşımlarıdır. Hastanın kendi kanından üretilen trombosit bakımından zengin ürünlerin tedavi için kullanılmasının, günümüzde tercih edilen bir yöntem olduğu görülmektedir. Yumuşak ve sert dokudaki iyileşmeleri tetiklemek için uygulanan ve çeşitli proteinler ve büyüme faktörlerinin kontrollü salınımlarının gerçekleştiği bu ürünlerin, içeriğinde doğal yara iyileşmesi için gereken maddeler bulunmaktadır. Biyokimyasal bir işlem gerektirmeyen ve kolay uygulanabilen bu sistemler, hastadan elde edilen kandan, trombosit ve lökositten zengin otolog bir biyomateryal üretilmesini sağlamaktadır. Trombositler aktif olduklarında fibrin matriks içerisinde yer alır ve burada büyüme faktörlerini serbest bırakırlar. Bunlar fibrin ile birlikte yapı oluştururlar ve büyüme faktörleri doku iyileşmesini ve rejenerasyonunu stimule eder. Son 20 yılda trombositlerin yara iyileşmesi üzerindeki fizyolojik etkileri araştırılmış ve özellikle ağız cerrahisinde daha başarılı tedavilerin uygulanabildiği belirtilmiştir. Trombosit ürünlerinin elde edilmesinde farklı yöntemler mevcuttur. Bu farklılıklar santrifüj hızına ve süresine, eklenen kimyasal maddelere, oluşan supernatantlara ve çökeltilerine bağlı olarak oluşmaktadır. Bu varyasyonlar fibrin ağı yapılarında ve trombositlerin lökosit ve büyüme faktörleri içeriğinde farklılıklara neden olmaktadır. Bu ürünler incelendiği zaman her yeni üretilen ürünün kendisinden öncekine kıyasla daha gelişmiş özellikler içerdiği görülmektedir. Bu derlemede trombositten zengin ürünlerin elde edilme şekilleri, yapıları, içerikleri ve diş hekimliğinde kullanım alanları hakkında bilgi verilmek amaçlanmıştır.

Darkened Cinema of Elvira Notari

In recent years, a process of historical revision (by way of re-evaluating archival materials) has uncovered the stories of silent cinema’s women pioneers, whose legacies and contributions had previously gone uncredited. Amongst these figures is Elvira Notari, Italy’s first woman director and production company founder. Her taking on of different roles led to a rich production catalogue of which only a few traces remain. In examining the features and contexts of Notari’s cinema, and the causes for its subsequent neglect, this paper argues for her central importance in Italian cinema as a director and considers how her omission from the archives can be addressed.

Process optimization, scale-up studies, economic analysis and risk assessment of phenolic rich bioactive extracts production from Carica papaya L. leaves via heat-assisted extraction technology

This work investigated the influence of process variables of extraction temperature (35–55 °C), solid to liquid ratio (1:20–1:50 g/mL) and time (100–200 min) on the total phenolic content (TPC) and yield (EY) of Carica papaya leaves (CPL) extracts using Box-Behnken experimental design available in Design Expert software. Bi-objective process optimization was also carried out using the desirability function algorithm. The optimum process variables were later used to design an integrated process for the production of CPL extracts with the assistance of SuperPro Designer software. Scale-up studies and economic analysis for CPL extracts production were investigated in the range of 0.638–20.431 × 103 kg CPL extracts/y to determine the most economically feasible production capacity based on the minimum unit production cost (UPC) of CPL extracts. The risk and sensitivity analyses of the most economically feasible production scale were carried out using the Monte Carlo simulation in Oracle Crystal Ball software. Process variables had notable influences on the TPC and EY of CPL extracts. The extraction temperature of 35 °C, solid to liquid ratio of 40.25 g/mL and time of 100 min gave the optimum TPC of 74.65 mg GAE/g d.b and EY of 18.76 % (w/w). HPLC results indicated that CPL extracts were rich in gallic, betulinic, chlorogenic, ellagic, ferulic and caffeic acids. The designed integrated process showed similar behavior with the laboratory scale of 0.18758 g CPL extracts/batch. The preliminary techno-economic analysis indicated that plant capacity has a strong dependence on the material & energy demands and process economics. Plant capacity of 19.857 × 103 kg CPL extracts/y possessed the least UPC and was selected as the most economically feasible scale. The certainty of obtaining base case UPC value of 525.21 US$/kg CPL extracts was 75.20%. Sensitivity analysis showed that extracts recovery, CPL/water, centrifuge purchase cost, extraction time, extractor purchase cost and extraction temperature contributed -5.3 %, +42.8%, +4.0%, +47.1%, +0.1%, and +0.5%, respectively to the variance in UPC of CPL extracts.