Rich Membrane Research Articles

Comparison of TGF-β and Type 1 Collagen Expression between Platelet Rich Fibrin Membrane and Conjunctival Autograft Treatment after Conjunctival Excision (An Experimental Animal Model Study)

Purpose: To compare TGF- β and type 1 collagen expression between Platelet rich fibrin (PRF) membrane and conjunctival autograft treatment after conjunctival excision. Study Design: Experimental animal study. Place and Duration of study: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia from October 24, 2022 to November, 19, 2022 Methods: Twenty New Zealand white rabbits were randomly assigned to either the PRF group or the conjunctival autograft group. A 5x5 mm excision was made in the temporal quadrant of the right eye of each rabbit. In the first group, the conjunctival defect was closed using a PRF membrane, while in the second group, closure was done with a conjunctival autograft from the superior quadrant of the same eye. After 14 days, all rabbits were terminated and enucleated. An immunohistochemical study of conjunctival tissue was conducted to assess TGF-β and type 1 collagen expression, and results were statistically analyzed. Results: An independent T-Test revealed that PRF membrane group exhibited higher TGF-β expression compared to the conjunctival autograft group (p = 0.000), with a mean TGF-β expression of 9.02 in the PRF membrane group and 5.76 in the conjunctival autograft group. Conversely, type 1 collagen expression was found to be higher in the conjunctival autograft group compared to the PRF membrane group (p = 0.032), with a mean type 1 collagen expression of 9.22 in the conjunctival autograft group and 6.92 in the PRF membrane group. Conclusion: TGF-β expression was higher in the PRF group and type 1 collagen expression was higher in the conjunctival autograft group.

Tomographic assessment of bone changes in atrophic maxilla treated by split-crest technique and dental implants with platelet-rich fibrin and NanoBone® versus platelet-rich fibrin alone: Randomized controlled trial

BackgroundThis study evaluated the clinical benefits of adding NanoBone® with split-crest technique and simultaneous implant placement covered with platelet-rich fibrin membrane in horizontally deficient maxillary ridges in terms of crestal and horizontal bone changes and patient morbidity.MethodsForty patients indicated for maxillary ridge splitting and simultaneous implant placement were assigned randomly to the study groups: control group (Platelet Rich Fibrin membrane) and test group (Platelet Rich Fibrin membrane + Nanobone®). The Cone Beam Computed Tomography Fusion technique was utilized to assess crestal and horizontal bone changes after five months of the surgical procedure. Patient morbidity was recorded for one week post-surgical.ResultsFive months post-surgical, buccal crestal bone resorption was 1.26 ± 0.58 mm for the control group and 1.14 ± 0.63 mm for the test group. Lingual crestal bone resorption was 1.40 ± 0.66 mm for the control group and 1.47 ± 0.68 mm for the test group. Horizontal bone width gain was 1.46 ± 0.44 mm for the control group and 1.29 ± 0.73 mm for the test group. There was no significant statistical difference between study groups regarding crestal and horizontal bone changes and patient morbidity.ConclusionsThe tomographic assessment of NanoBone® addition in this study resulted in no statistically significant difference between study groups regarding crestal and horizontal bone changes and patient morbidity. More randomized controlled clinical trials on gap fill comparing different bone grafting materials versus no grafting should be conducted.Clinicaltrials.gov registration numberNCT02836678, 13th January 2017.

Platelet Rich Fibrin Membrane as Nerve Guidance Conduit for Reconstruction Case with Nerve Repair Based Morphometric and Electrophysiologic Parameters: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Introduction: Motor or sensory nerve injury is a major surgical and clinical challenge, often with disappointing results and impairing sensory and motor function. Now there are some studies to looking for ways to accelerate nerve regeneration. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is made from an autologous platelet concentrate that contains progenitor cells that are essential for the healing process, along with neurotrophic factors and several growth factors. Additionally, PRF can be manufactured in the membrane form that can be wrapped around nerves in the form of tubes which tubulation has many advantages such as guiding growth within the tubular shape to improve regenerative capacity. Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted as per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. A systematic, detailed search was carried out by the authors in the electronic databases, including PubMed, Cochrane, Research Gate, Elsevier, and PRS Journal. Studies were selected and compared based on outcome measures like Morphometric (Axon Area and Myelin Sheath Thickness) and Electrophysiologic (Amplitude and Nerve Conduction Velocity). Statistical analysis was performed using a random- effect model, pooled standard mean difference and I2 heterogeneity. Result: Four randomized studies with analyzed 4 parameters, those are Morphometric (Axon Area and Myelin Sheath Thickness) and Electrophysiologic (Amplitude and Nerve Conduction Velocity). Pooled analysis for the outcome like Myelin Sheath Thickness, Axon Area, and Amplitude showed a significant result in groups with PRF. Pooled analysis for outcome of Nerve Conduction Velocity showed no significant difference between the groups with PRF and without PRF (SMD: 0.01; 95% CI: -0.64. 0.65) with P = 0.99. Conclusion: This Meta-analysis shows that PRF membrane as nerve guidance conduit is promising method and can improve function outcome in nerve repair specially in Morphometric and Electrophysiologic parameters but outcome of Nerve Conduction Velocity showed no significant in this study.

Evaluation of collagen versus platelet rich fibrin membrane on the osteogenic potential of bone marrow aspirate concentrate for lateral Sinus floor augmentation: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Evaluation of collagen versus platelet rich fibrin membrane on the osteogenic potential of bone marrow aspirate concentrate for lateral Sinus floor augmentation: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Delayed centrifugation weakens the in vitro biological properties of platelet-rich fibrin membranes.

To investigate how delayed blood centrifugation affects the composition of the resultant platelet rich fibrin membrane (PRF, a concentrated growth factor preparation) and its biological effects towards gingival fibroblasts. Blood samples were collected from 18 healthy individuals and centrifuged immediately (T-0), or after a 1-6-minute delay (T-1-6, respectively), to generate PRF. Each PRF membrane was weighed. T-0 and T-6 membranes were incubated for 48h in cell culture medium at 37°C to create PRF "releasates" (soluble factors released from the PRF). Human gingival fibroblasts were incubated for 48h with or without the releasates, followed by RNA isolation and real-time polymerase chain reaction to measure expression of select genes associated with granulation tissue formation, angiogenesis and wound contraction. Additional T-0 and T-6 membranes were used for visualization of leucocyte nuclei and platelets by immunostaining. Immediate centrifugation (T-0) resulted in the largest membranes, T-6 membranes being on average 29% smaller. Leucocytes and platelets were significantly more abundant in T-0 than in T-6 samples. Majority of the fibroblast genes studied were consistently either upregulated or downregulated by the T-0 PRF releasates. However, centrifugation after a 6-minute delay significantly weakened the fibroblast responses. Delayed centrifugation resulted in smaller PRF membranes with fewer leucocytes and platelets and also significantly reduced on the expression of a set of healing-related gingival fibroblast genes. The higher expression of wound healing-related genes in gingival fibroblasts by the immediately-centrifuged PRF membranes may increase their biological properties in clinical use.

Root Coverage Using the Tunnel Technique Associated with Conjunctive Tissue Graft or Leukocyte- and Platelet Rich Fibrin Membranes: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Root Coverage Using the Tunnel Technique Associated with Conjunctive Tissue Graft or Leukocyte- and Platelet Rich Fibrin Membranes: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Efficiency of a Titanium-platelet Rich Fibrin Membrane in Primary Pterygium Surgery

Efficiency of a Titanium-platelet Rich Fibrin Membrane in Primary Pterygium Surgery

Leukocyte- and Platelet-Rich Fibrin (L-PRF) Obtained from Smokers and Nonsmokers Shows a Similar Uniaxial Tensile Response In Vitro.

We evaluated and compared the biomechanical properties of Leukocyte-and Platelet Rich Fibrin L-PRF clots and membranes derived from smoker and nonsmoker donors. Twenty venous-blood donors (aged 18 to 50 years) were included after signing informed consent forms. L-PRF clots were analyzed and then compressed to obtain L-PRF membranes. L-PRF clot and membrane samples were tested in quasi-static uniaxial tension and the stress-stretch response was registered and characterized. Furthermore, scanning electron microscope representative images were taken to see the fibrin structure from both groups. The analysis of stress-stretch curves allowed us to evaluate the statistical significance in differences between smoker and nonsmoker groups. L-PRF membranes showed a stiffer response and higher tensile strength when compared to L-PRF clots. However, no statistically significant differences were found between samples from smokers and nonsmokers. With the limitations of our in vitro study, we can suggest that the tensile properties of L-PRF clots and membranes from the blood of smokers and nonsmokers are similar. More studies are necessary to fully characterize the effect of smoking on the biomechanical behavior of this platelet concentrate, to further encourage its use as an alternative to promote wound healing in smokers.

Effect of thermal manipulation on the biological and mechanical characteristics of horizontal platelet rich fibrin membranes

BackgroudRegardless of application scenarios, proper mechanical characteristics and degradation properties are prerequisites for horizontal platelet rich fibrin (H-PRF) to manifest its ability. Among the methods used to modify PRF, thermal manipulation is promising as it is easy to handle without adding extra additives. Yet there is no consensus on optimal temperature treatment. This study aimed to investigate the effects of heating on the biological and mechanical characteristics of H-PRF and explore the optimum heating temperature for H-PRF thermal treatment.MethodsWe employed a series of temperature gradients, room temperature, 50℃, 75℃, 90℃, 105℃. The microstructure and the mechanical properties were recorded by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and tensile strength tests respectively. The degradation rate of H-PRF membranes was examined by digestion assay with plasmin and trypsin. The viability of cells within H-PRF membranes and the proliferation of osteoblasts cultured with extracts from different H-PRF groups was evaluated using CCK-8 assays.ResultsCompared with the nonheated group, overheated manipulation beyond 90℃ can significantly prolong the degradation properties for up to 3 to 4 weeks and enhance the mass stress of H-PRF membranes. A high-temperature treatment of 105℃ accompanied by the cell activity beneath H-PRF reduced more than half, and thus, the biological effect on human osteoblasts (hFOBs) also reduced dramatically.ConclusionsHigh thermal manipulation can prolong the degradation properties and enhance the mechanical properties of PRF membranes accompanied by the loss of biological effect.

The unappreciated roles of oligodendrocytes in the etiology of Alzheimer’s disease

AbstractBackgroundDementias such as Alzheimer’s disease are characterized as neurodegenerative diseases. While researchers accept that the etiology of dementia involves multiple cell types, the use of “neuro” as a prefix to “degeneration” biases our mechanistic thinking towards the nerve cell. The cell type that has been most marginalized by this bias is the oligodendrocyte and its myelin ensheathment of the larger axons of the brain. As early as the 1960’s the involvement of myelin pathology had been recognized in the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brain. Later, with advances in imaging technology, a strong argument was advanced for the mechanistic involvement of myelin, a cholesterol rich membrane, in the etiology of dementia.MethodFixed frozen human prefrontal cortex (BA9), hippocampus, and cerebellum were received from both the University of Pittsburgh ADRC and the NIH‐sponsored NeuroBioBank. Mouse brain from wild type and AD models (R1.40 and APP/PS1) were also obtained. Cryostat sections were immunostained for APP and various myelin‐related peptides.ResultThis myelin hypothesis will be reviewed and put in the AD context by summarizing recent results on the impact of APOE, a cholesterol carrier and a major risk factor gene for sporadic AD, on the cells of the oligodendrocyte lineage. Observations on the presence of APP and its processing secretases in oligodendrocytes will deepen the connection to the etiology of ADConclusionBoth past and present data support the assignment of an important role for oligodendrocytes in the initiation and progression of Alzheimer’s disease. Broadening our current “neurocentric” view will speed progress towards meaningful therapeutic approaches.

A liposomal platform for the delivery of ion channel proteins for treatment of channelopathies — Application in therapy of cystic fibrosis

Channelopathies arise from ion channel dysfunction. Successful treatment entails delivery of functional ion channels to replace dysfunctional ones. Glycine receptor (GlyR)-rich cell membrane fragments (CMF) were previously delivered to target cell membranes using fusogenic liposomes. Here, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-bearing CMF were similarly delivered to target cells. We studied the effect of lipid composition on liposomes' ability to incorporate CMF and fuse with target cell membranes to deliver functional CFTR. Four formulations were prepared using thin-film hydration out of different lecithin sources, egg and soy lecithin (EL and SL), in the presence and absence of cholesterol (CHOL): EL + CHOL, EL-CHOL, SL + CHOL, and SL-CHOL. EL liposomes incorporated more CMF than SL liposomes, with CHOL only increasing CMF incorporation in SL liposomes. SL + CHOL fused better with target cell membranes than EL + CHOL. SL + CHOL and EL + CHOL equally delivered CFTR to target cell membranes, owing to the former's superior fusogenic capacity and the latter's superior CMF-incorporation capacity. SL-CHOL and EL-CHOL delivered CFTR to a lesser extent, indicating the importance of CHOL for fusion. Patch-clamp electrophysiology and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) confirmed CFTR delivery to target cell membranes by SL + CHOL. Therefore, CMF-bearing fusogenic liposomes offer a promising universal platform for the treatment of channelopathies.

Comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of bioresorbable collagen membrane in combination with deproteinized bovine bone matrix xenograft (DBBM), and advanced platelet rich fibrin membrane in combination with deproteinized bovine bone matrix xenograft for periodontal regeneration

Introduction: Periodontitis is a chronic, multifactorial, inflammatory disease that leads to gradual loss of bone and periodontal attachment. Thus, periodontal surgery is required according to severity of diseases. The goal of periodontal reconstructive surgery is to regenerate soft and hard tissues destroyed during periodontal disease. Aim: To compare the effectiveness of bioresorbable collagen membrane in combination with Deproteinized Bovine Bone Matrix xenograft (group A); and Advanced Plasma rich fibrin(A-PRF) membrane in combination with Deproteinized Bovine Bone Matrix xenograft (group B) in the treatment of human infrabony defects. Methods: This randomised controlled trial will be carried out at the periodontics outpatient department. We will choose 24 patients with moderate to advanced chronic periodontitis who are otherwise systemically healthy. Infrabony defects will be treated by open flap debridement using bovine-derived xenograft and bioresorbable collagen membrane (group A) and open flap debridement using bovine-derived xenograft and A-PRF after the completion of first therapy (group B). At baseline and six months after undergoing periodontal surgery, probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level, radiographic bone fill, gingival recession, oral hygiene status, and gingival health will be measured. Expected results: It is suggested that Bioresorbable Collagen Membrane in combination with Deproteinized Bovine Bone Matrix xenograft will show better results as compared to Advanced Platelet Rich Fibrin Membrane with Deproteinized Bovine Bone Matrix Xenograft. Clinical trial registry of India (CTRI): REF/2023/05/066732. Protocol version: v1 (12/05/23)

Amniotic Membrane and Its Derivatives: Novel Therapeutic Modalities in Liver Disorders.

The liver is a vital organ responsible for metabolic and digestive functions, protein synthesis, detoxification, and numerous other necessary functions. Various acute, chronic, and neoplastic disorders affect the liver and hamper its biological functions. Most of the untreated liver diseases lead to inflammation and fibrosis which develop into cirrhosis. The human amniotic membrane (hAM), the innermost layer of the fetal placenta, is composed of multiple layers that include growth-factor rich basement membrane, epithelial and mesenchymal stromal cell layers. hAM possesses distinct beneficial anti-fibrotic, anti-inflammatory and pro-regenerative properties via the secretion of multiple potent trophic factors and/or direct differentiation into hepatic cells which place hAM-based therapies as potential therapeutic strategies for the treatment of chronic liver diseases. Decellularized hAM is also an ideal scaffold for liver tissue engineering as this biocompatible niche provides an excellent milieu for cell proliferation and hepatocytic differentiation. Therefore, the current review discusses the therapeutic potential of hAM and its derivatives in providing therapeutic solutions for liver pathologies including acute liver failure, metabolic disorders, liver fibrosis as well as its application in liver tissue engineering.

Peri-implant mucosal enhancement using leukocyte platelet rich fibrin under Sohn's poncho technique: A randomized controlled clinical trial.

A biological seal that protects the implant from any biological or external impingement is created by the supracrestal attached tissues. Sohn's poncho technique is a technique that utilizes a healing abutment at the implant site to stabilize the platelet rich fibrin (PRF) membrane. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of Sohn's poncho technique used for placement of leukocyte PRF (L-PRF) membrane in improving the peri-implant mucosal thickness and width of keratinized mucosa as well as in the acceleration of healing process compared to the peri-implant mucosa surrounding healing abutments placed without the L-PRF membrane. A split mouth randomized controlled clinical trial was designed in which implants were placed in the mandibular posterior region. Healing abutment is placed along with the L-PRF membrane at the test site using Sohn's poncho technique and at control site conventional healing abutment placement was done at second stage. The thickness of peri-implant mucosa as primary outcome and the Width of keratinized tissue and healing as secondary outcomes were measured and assessed at various time intervals. Statistically significant difference was seen in inter-group analysis when peri-implant mucosal thickness (3.8 ± 0.4mm vs. 2.3± 0.4 mm) and width of keratinized mucosa (3.6± 0.6mm vs. 2.7± 0.3 mm) in test and control groups respectively and intragroup analysis of test and control groups at 4 weeks and 6 weeks' time points. The control group showed faster healing when compared to the test group. Sohn's poncho technique in combination with L-PRF has the potential to improve the thickness of peri-implant mucosa and the width of keratinized mucosa around implants.

Cellular composition modifies the biological properties and stability of platelet rich plasma membranes for tissue engineering.

Scaffolds should provide structural support for tissue regeneration, allowing their gradual biodegradation and interacting with cells and bioactive molecules to promote remodeling. Thus, the scaffold's intrinsic properties affect cellular processes involved in tissue regeneration, including migration, proliferation, differentiation, and protein synthesis. In this sense, due to its biological effect and clinical potential, Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) fibrin could be considered a successful scaffold. Given the high variability in commercial PRPs formulations, this research focused on assessing the influence of cellular composition on fibrin membrane stability and remodeling cell activity. The stability and biological effect were evaluated at different time points via D-dimer, type I collagen and elastase quantification in culture media conditioned by Plasma Rich in Growth Factors - Fraction 1 (PRGF-F1), Plasma Rich in Growth Factors - Whole Plasma (PRGF-WP) and Leukocyte-rich Platelet Rich Plasma (L-PRP) membranes, and by gingival fibroblast cells seeded on them, respectively. Ultrastructure of PRP membranes was also evaluated. Histological analyses were performed after 5 and 18 days. Additionally, the effect of fibrin membranes on cell proliferation was determined. According to the results, L-PRP fibrin membranes degradation was complete at the end of the study, while PRGF membranes remained practically unchanged. Considering fibroblast behavior, PRGF membranes, in contrast to L-PRP ones, promoted extracellular matrix biosynthesis at the same time as fibrinolysis and enhanced cell proliferation. In conclusion, leukocytes in PRP fibrin membranes drastically reduce scaffold stability and induce behavioral changes in fibroblasts by reducing their proliferation rate and remodeling ability.

Structure of rosettes in the zona glomerulosa of human adrenal cortex.

Recent studies in mouse models have demonstrated that the multi-cellular rosette structure of the adrenal zona glomerulosa (ZG) is crucial for aldosterone production by ZG cells. However, the rosette structure of human ZG has remained unclear. The human adrenal cortex undergoes remodeling during aging, and one surprising change is the occurrence of aldosterone-producing cell clusters (APCCs). It is intriguing to know whether APCCs form a rosette structure like normal ZG cells. In this study, we investigated the rosette structure of ZG in human adrenal with and without APCCs, as well as the structure of APCCs. We found that glomeruli in human adrenal are enclosed by a laminin subunit β1 (lamb1)-rich basement membrane. In slices without APCCs, each glomerulus contains an average of 11 ± 1 cells. In slices with APCCs, each glomerulus in normal ZG contains around 10 ± 1 cells, while each glomerulus in APCCs has significantly more cells (average of 22 ± 1). Similar to what was observed in mice, cells in normal ZG or in APCCs of human adrenal formed rosettes through β-catenin- and F-actin-rich adherens junctions. The cells in APCCs form larger rosettes through enhanced adherens junctions. This study provides, for the first time, a detailed characterization of the rosette structure of human adrenal ZG and shows that APCCs are not an unstructured cluster of ZG cells. This suggests that the multi-cellular rosette structure may also be necessary for aldosterone production in APCCs.

Use of platelet rich fibrin in tymapnoplasty

An observation study was undertaken at Department of Otorhinolaryngology, AIMSR fromJan 2021 – Aug 2022. The aim of my study the efficiency of use of autologous platelet rich fibrin membrane along with temporalis fascia in closure of tympanic membrane perforation during tympanopasty. All the patients attending ENT OPD at AIMSR within the age group of 11-60 years, irrespective of sex with tubotympanic CSOM either unilateral or bilateral were included in this study. In our study of 50 patients, 42 patients had graft uptake and 8 had failure of graft. Through this study we concluded that. The outcome of tympanoplasty does not depend on age and sex, dry ear of more than 6 month has a better graft.

Management of Periapical cyst using Beta Tricalcium Phosphate Bone Substitute and Platelet Rich Fibrin Membrane Following Enucleation

The pulp and periodontium are connected anatomically, functionally, and developmentally. It might be challenging to diagnose and arrange effective treatments when pulpal issues and inflammatory periodontal disease coexist. One of the most frequent oral cavity cysts is the radicular cyst, which is typically brought on by trauma or an infection. There are a number of techniques that are now being used to enhance postoperative recovery and hasten the repair and regeneration of the damaged area. An investigation revealed that a 38-years-old patient had a radicular cyst, which was initially treated by endodontic treatment of the involved teeth, followed by enucleation of the cyst and a further bone graft placement followed by Platelet rich fibrin membrane. The patient's main complaint was pain in lower front jaw region for two to three months. Patient also had few episodes of pus discharge on its own through the same region. After three months, there was an increase in clinical attachment level and a decrease in probing depth. There was a sizable bone fill, according to radiographic findings.

The Effect of Low Intensity Laser on Bone Regeneration of Intrabony Defects Treated by Liquid Phase Platelet Rich Fibrin and Membrane with Bone Graft

The Effect of Low Intensity Laser on Bone Regeneration of Intrabony Defects Treated by Liquid Phase Platelet Rich Fibrin and Membrane with Bone Graft

Clinical Evaluation of Coronally Advanced Flap With or Without Advance-Platelet Rich Fibrin Membrane in the Treatment of Miller's Class-II Localized Gingival Recession: A Clinical Study.

Periodontal treatment focuses on maintaining a patient's natural teeth and gums. The gingival margin recedes to a point apical to the tooth in 20%-100% of people. Coronallyadvanced flap (CAF) is one of several effective treatments for this condition. This surgery covers the tooth root with gingiva. The predictability of this surgery depends on the blood supply, donor tissue, and surgical skills. Platelet concentrates, which include platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), majority of the time is used for various regenerative therapies. Since no bovine thrombin or anticoagulant is needed, its manufacturing is simpler, cheaper, and less biochemically modified than PRP. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is a fibrin matrix that progressively releases platelet cells and cytokines. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of CAF with and without A-PRF in the treatment of Miller's class-II localized gingival recession. Twenty patients were chosen who had Miller's class-II localized gingival recession. A random number generator was used to place patients into either the "test" or "control" group. Treatment for both Groups A and B included a coronally advanced flap, but only Group A additionally got autologous platelet-rich fibrin (A-PRF). After receiving a detailed explanation of the treatment process, the patient signed an informed consent form. Complete medical and dental histories were taken to see whether there were any absolute or relative contraindications. Following treatment with either method in the current study, gingival thickness improved considerably. The percentage of root coverage did not change considerably between the two groups. The clinical result might likely have been different if other factors, such as platelet concentration and PRF consistency, had been examined in the current investigation. Furthermore, there was no histological examination of the healing process. As a result, we are unsure of the extent to which PRF affects how effectively connective tissue attaches. The additional use of A-PRF membrane did not provide additional benefits in terms of root coverage outcomes compared with CAF alone. The use of A-PRF membranes significantly reduced the recession depth.