Production Of Rice Plants Research Articles

The Effectiveness of Local Rhizobacteria Formulations in Increasing The Growth and Production of Rice Plants in Merauke

This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of acetoin-producing rhizobacteria formula in promoting growth and increasing local rice yields in Merauke. This in vitro ponder was conducted at the Biopesticide Research facility, Staff of Horticulture, Udayana College. This think about was carried out within the test cultivate of the Staff of Agribusiness, Udayana College, Denpasar. This think about focused on four rhizobacteria segregates that have been recognized to be tried to fortify the development of rice plants. The rice assortment utilized was the Ciherang assortment, which was frequently developed by cultivating communities in Merauke Rule. The test plan utilized was a Randomized Piece Plan (RBD), comprising of 4 replications. Each replication comprised of 6 medications, to be specific 4 rhizobacteria separates and 2 medicines for comparison. The four rhizobacteria confines were Rg21, Pd13, Pd7, and Bb7. Whereas the 2 medicines as a comparison were Unadulterated Acetoin (Dad ) and control. Each treatment was rehashed 10 times so that the whole reiteration was 240 rice plant pots. The pot measure utilized was a surface with a distance across of 30 cm and was filled with developing media. The results of the study showed that the mechanism of action of the rhizobacterial formula in increasing rice yields was the presence of acetoin compounds and derivative compounds such as 2-Butanone, 3-hydroxy, 2,3-butanediol, diacetate, 2,3-Butanediol (CAS), 2-Butanone, 3-acetyloxy, and 1,4-Dioxane. These compounds were produced by rhizobacteria in the rhizosphere, which helped plants achieve acetoin homeostatic conditions so that plants could increase plant height, leaf area, number, number of productive tillers, panicle length, percentage of filled and empty grain, and reduce amylose content. The treatment of Merauke local rhizobacteria formula carried out in a greenhouse with a concentration of 2% was effective in promoting growth and increasing rice yields by adding the weight per plant by 52.83% when compared to the control.

Impact of Biological Fertilizers Based on Essential Bacterial Stimulants on Rice Growth and Production

Biological fertilizers are a group of living organisms whose activities can improve soil fertility, fertilizers that contain microbes and are useful for helping plant growth. The purpose of this study was to analyze the growth and production of rice plants against the application of biological fertilizers. There are 7 bacterial isolates used as biofertilizers, namely, Bacillus sp., two Pseudomonas sp. strains, two Azospirillum sp. strains, and two Azotobacter sp. strains. This study used an experimental design method through a one-factor randomized block design. The treatment in the study consisted of no fertilization, compost, 100% NPK, 7 isolates enriched compost, 7 isolates enriched compost+50% NPK, 4 isolates enriched compost, and 4 isolates enriched compost+50% NPK. The results showed that compost enriched with biological fertilizers could increase the nutrient content of the soil, thereby increasing the growth and production of rice plants. Treatment of compost enriched with 7 isolates+50% NPK gave the highest yield, both for rice plants. The use of biological fertilizers can reduce the dose of inorganic fertilizer use by up to 50% in rice cultivation.

Golden apple snail management (Pomacea canaliculata Lamarck) using integrated pest management (IPM) and non-integrated pest management (non-IPM) on paddy cultivation

The golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata Lamarck) is one of the main pests of rice (Oryza sativa Linnaeus) that can be controlled by integrated pest management (IPM). This research aimed to compare the population and the attack rate of golden apple snails and rice production using IPM and non-IPM. This research was conducted from April to August 2021 in Nagari Koto Tuo Sijunjung Regency, West Sumatera. It used an experimental design that compares IPM and non-IPM treatments and analyzed with a t-test. The control techniques in the IPM were making trenches and maintaining the water level very low, using filters on water inlets and outlets, using ripe Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamark skin as bait, using botanical pesticides from Nothopanax scutellarium Merr leaves, and planting 21-day-old seedlings. The parameters observed were the attacked clumps (%), attacked tillers (%), golden apple snail population (individuals/m2), and rice production (kg/m2). The result showed that the percentage of rice clumps attacked in the IPM treatment was 11.33%, while the non-IPM treatment was 54.66%. The percentage of rice tillers attacked in the IPM treatment was 11.28%, while the non-IPM treatment was 32.51%. The population of golden apple snails in the IPM treatment was 0.19 individuals/m2, while in the non-IPM treatment was 2.04 individuals/m2. The production of rice plants under IPM treatment was 2,69 kg/m2, while the non-IPM treatment was 0,71 kg/m2. The implementation of IPM by combining various techniques effectively controlled golden apple snail attacks on clumps and tillers, and increased rice production compared to non-IPM.

PRAKTEK USAHATANI PADI SAWAH BERKELANJUTAN (KASUS USAHATANI PADI VARIETAS LOKAL)

Each type of rice variety has characteristics that affect rice cultivation. The use of plant-breeding rice seeds is proven to increase the productivity of rice plants, but has the potential to cause problems for the environment and the sustainability of farming. Local varieties of rice farming are believed to meet more sustainable and environmentally friendly agricultural criteria. The purpose of this study was to describe local variety rice farming in West Sumatra in terms of sustainable agriculture criteria and to analyze the factors that influence farmers to use local variety rice seeds. The research locations are in areas with a distribution rate of more than 60% of local varieties, namely in the districts of Agam, Lima Puluh Kota and Solok. Collecting data using mix methods (combination method), namely by combining quantitative and qualitative methods. Quantitative data was obtained by distributing questionnaires to 60 respondents and qualitative data was obtained through in-depth interviews with informants who were considered to know the research topic. Quantitative data was measured using a Likert measurement scale and SEM analysis with the Stata program. The results of quantitative data are supported and strengthened by the results of qualitative data analysis. The results showed that local varieties of rice farming meet the indicators of sustainable agriculture. The factors that influence farmers to use local varieties of rice seeds are a). rice taste and texture. b). Rice seeds availability. c). more diverse d). more resistant to environmental stress and attacks by pests and plant disease, e). demand is quite high. It is recommended to maintain the sustainability of local variety rice farming, especially in the planting centers and areas of origin, preserve local variety rice through storing genetic material and information and carry out research and studies to increase productivity and competitiveness of local variety rice farming in order to meet food availability in a sustainable manner.

Formulasi amelioran organik untuk menurunkan kadar salinitas tanah dan meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman padi di lahan salin

Soil salinity is still an obstacle that needs to be managed well on agricultural land located close to shoreline. The purpose of this study was to formulate an organic ameliorant to reduce soil salinity levels and increase the growth of rice plants on saline soils. The study was conducted in Jayamukti Village, Banyusari District, Karawang Regency from March to June 2022. Experiment used factorial randomized block design consisted of two factors with three replications. The first factor was the composition of organic ameliorant consisted of straw compost, husk charcoal, coconut shell biochar, dolomite, and humic acid. The second factor was the dose of organic ameliorant consisted of 0, 1, 2, and 3 tons/ha. The results showed that the application of organic ameliorant formulas in the form of 100% straw compost and 70% straw compost + 20% biochar + 10% dolomite at a dose of 3 tons / ha tended to be able to inhibit the decrease in saline soil acidity (0.15%) and reduce soil salinity levels (3.57%). The composition and dose of organic ameliorant interacted with each other in increasing the growth of rice plants by increasing plant height (40.10 cm) and number of tillers (6.00) compared to plants that were not given organic ameliorant on saline soil. Further research is needed on the efficacy test of the ameliorant formula in the field in increasing the growth and productivity of rice plants in saline land

Institutional Performance of Agricultural Extension on the Rice Plant Production Improvement and Sustainable Food Security in West Java, Indonesia

Institutional Performance of Agricultural Extension on the Rice Plant Production Improvement and Sustainable Food Security in West Java, Indonesia

Analysis of agricultural land carrying capacity in North Sumatra Province in 2020

North Sumatra Province is an area with considerable agricultural potential in the Sumatra region. Analysis of the carrying capacity of agricultural land in North Sumatra in 2020 is very important to do in order to determine the carrying capacity of agricultural land in North Sumatra in meeting the food needs of its people. The purpose of this paper is to calculate and present the results of the analysis of the carrying capacity of agricultural land in North Sumatra Province. The data needed in this study is secondary data obtained from several journals and publications from related agencies, such as the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) of North Sumatra Province. The results showed that overall the carrying capacity of North Sumatra’s land was classified as low. The low carrying capacity of rice farming land in North Sumatra is caused by increasing population growth and the quality of agricultural land which continues to decline so that the production of rice plants cannot meet the maximum food needs of the community. Therefore, it is necessary to make efforts to increase the carrying capacity of rice farming land in this area, for example by reducing the population and improving the quality of agricultural land resources.

Pengaruh Biochar Sekam dan biourine Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Tanaman Padi (Oryza sativa L.)

This research activity aims to determine the different doses of husk biochar and biourine on the growth and production of rice plants. The activity was carried out in Bulubrangsi Village, Laren, Lamongan, from February to May 2022. The design is Factorial RAK. The first factor was the different doses of biochar husk consisting of control or without biochar, 5 t/ha, 10 t/ha. The second factor was the type of biourine which consisted of no biourine, cow biourine, goat biourine. There were 9 treatment combinations with 3 repetitions. In the vegetative phase observed plant height and number of leaves while the generative phase was plant wet weight, panicle length, dry seed weight, dry seed weight per plot, 1000 seed weight. Data processing was analyzed using ANOVA, if there is a significant difference then proceed with the BNT test. The conclusion showed that there was an interaction between the various doses of biochar and biourine treatments on plant height aged 14 and 28 days after planting, number of tillers aged 14 and 42 days after planting. panicle length ages 63, 70, 77, and 84 dap, as well as grain weight per 1000 seeds, fresh weight per plot, and fresh weight per hectare. The best treatment combination was rice husk biochar 10 t/ha and goat biourine.

PENINGKATAN KETERAMPILAN DAN PRODUKTIVITAS CABAI KELOMPOK PETANI BERBASIS PENERAPAN AGROVOLTAIC: IMPLEMENTASI MITIGASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM

Climate change not, eliminate coal and oil-fueled vehicles will be substituted for electric vehicles. In the future, it is predicted that there will be more government policies to create innovations related to climate change mitigation and adaptation. Therefore, innovations and environmentally friendly technology breakthroughs are needed in every industrial and MSME management activity, one of which is the production and management of rice plants. This service activity aims to substitute the use of chemical fertilizers for the use of environmentally friendly fertilizers through activities to increase farmer group skills and productivity of rice plants based on Agrovoltaic innovation and technology. The implementation method begins with observation activities, program planning, implementation of training/assistance activities for making Agrovoltaic and then ends with monitoring and evaluation activities. The result of this program is the application of environmentally friendly innovation, namely Agrovoltaic technology in Mentoring activities to participants of the Pada Idi farmer group members so that they are able to improve the skills of farmer groups (100%) in utilizing agricultural waste into fertilizer that is very useful, cheap and environmentally friendly so that it has an impact on increasing land productivity and the balance of environmental ecosystems around rice fields. The range for the increase in rice production is 15% from the previous production data

PRODUCTIVITY OF FOUR RICE VARIETIES AND PEST DISEASES WITH THE APPLICATION OF ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY AGRICULTURE TECHNOLOGY IN JAKEN, PATI, CENTRAL JAVA

Pest and disease attacks are factors that affect the production and productivity of rice plants. The approach of environment friendly agriculture technology is expected to be able to overcome the problems of pests and diseases and increase the production and productivity of rice plants. This study aims to determine the productivity of four rice varieties and the intensity of pest and disease attacks on the application of environment friendly agriculture technology. This research was conducted in Jaken, Pati district, Central Java, from November 2019 – March 2020. This study used a purposive sampling method with a Randomized Group Design (RGD). Rice variety is the single factor in this study. The rice varieties used consisted of Inpari 32, Cigeulis, Inpari 43 and M400. The components of environment friendly agriculture technology used are the use of biochar-compost (biocompost), charcoal-coated urea or biochar, and the use of biopesticides as pest control. Observations were made on growth, productivity and intensity of pest and disease attacks. The results showed that the varieties produced high productivity were Inpari 43 (4.91 t ha-1) and Inpari 32 (5.83 t ha-1). The high pest attack was the yellow rice stem borer (89.47%) on the M400 variety and the brown planthopper (7.69%) on the Cigeulis variety. The intensity of blast disease and bacterial leaf blight were highest at 14.97% and 5.99%, respectively, in the M400 variety.

Study on the Growth of Falcataria moluccana at 14-Month-Old and the Productivity Rice Plant (Oryza sativa) IPB 3S in Agroforestry System

Agroforestry is a forestry and agriculture plant utilization system using sustainable land management to gain more products. Falcataria moluccana is a forestry plant that has been cultivated mostly in an agroforestry system by the Indonesian people, particularly on Java Island. Appropriate F. moluccana species selection and planting space in an agroforestry system are expected to improve plant growth and suppress the damage level that occurred in F. moluccana. The agroforestry system with F. moluccana and rice plant (Oryza sativa) is one of the alternative ways to support the national food needs. This study aimed to analyze the growth of various provenances of F. moluccana at the age of 14 months and analyze the productivity of IPB 3S rice in two planting spaces of F. moluccana. This study used a completely randomized two-factorial design, with the first factor being the provenance of F. moluccana, i.e., Solomon F1, Solomon F2, and local Kendal, and the F. moluccana spacing of 1.5 m x 3.0 m and 1.5 m x 1.5 m was the second factor. The F. moluccana growth parameters, rice plant growth parameters, and rice plant productivity in agroforestry systems were analyzed using an analysis of variance (ANOVA). If a significant effect on each parameter at a 5% confidence level occurred, the parameters were further analyzed with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The study found that provenance had no significant effect on the growth of 14-month-old F. moluccana. The results also showed that the growth of 14-month-old Solomon F2 had a relatively higher value on the parameters of height and diameter. The highest productivity of IPB 3S rice was found in the local F. moluccana shade at a spacing of 1.5 m x 1.5 m, reaching 0.201 tons/ha. The highest rice productivity was due to the magnitude of the light intensity received by rice of 5414.30 lux.

ANALISIS INDEKS KEKERINGAN METODE STANDARDIZED PRECIPITATION INDEX (SPI) DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS PADI DAN JAGUNG

Drought is one of the most significant impacts of the climate on agriculture, especially food crops. Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) is an Index for droughts. The research objective was to study the relationship of SPI values to the productivity of rice and corn crops in the Situbondo district. The result showed that the value of the SPI time scale at three months is the most appropriate for the observed productivity of rice and corn. The SPI value significantly correlated with the productivity of rice plants in the Jatibanteng and Arjasa districts but did not significantly affect the productivity of corn in the Mlandingan and Situbondo districts. Furthermore, the El-Nino phenomenon reduced the rice productivity up to 3.9% and the corn productivity up to 48.1%. The La-Nina phenomenon reduced rice productivity up to 26.0% but increased the productivity of corn up to 81.7%.

Response Analysis of Rice Products on Various Conditions of Water Availability for Development of Optimal Water Sawing Irrigation

Farm systems with stagnant water require adequate water sources, because water is one of the most influential basic factors. Meanwhile, the availability of water decreased, while the level of water consumption increased. Water-saving irrigation solves the problem of water in rice cultivation. This study aims to determine the response of rice yields with the application of water-saving irrigation. The experiment was carried out with 5 treatments of water availability in the field: less than 50% of available water, 50%-60% of available water, 60%-70% of available water, 70%-80% of available water, and saturated). Each treatment was tested three times and the parameter observed was the productivity of rice plants. As a result, statistical analysis stated that there was no difference in rice productivity between all treatments of water availability in the field, with a significance value of 0.600, which is > 0.05. The highest productivity of rice plants is 6.44 tons/ha, namely the availability of water on the land at 70% and 80% available water. There is no difference in the value of rice productivity in saturated conditions with the application of water-saving irrigation, proving that the availability of water in the land in conditions of less than 100% available water has no effect on rice crop production.

APPLICATION OF EXPONENTIAL SMOOTHING METHOD TO FORECASE THE AMOUNT OF RICE PRODUCTION IN TANATE RIAJA DISTRICT, BARRU REGENCY

This study discusses the agricultural production of rice plans. The variabel used to predict the level of rice production in Tanete Riaja District, Barru Regency, are as the total production of rice plants. This research is an applied research with double exponential smoothing method. The purpose of this study was to determine the amount of rice production in Tanete Riaja District, Barru Regency in 2021 to 2025. The results of forecasting the amount of rice production ini 2021 were 24134.18 tons, in 2022 25235.25 tons, in 2023 26336.32 tons, in 2024 it will be 27437.38 ton, and in 2025 it will be 28538.45 ton. Based on the results of forecasting the amount of rice production, it can be concluded that from year to year increased.

Halotolerant N-Fixing Bacteria Isolates for Increasing the Biochemical Activity, Total Bacteria Population, N-Uptake and Rice Seedling Growth

Rice farming is hampered by saline soil, which contains a large amount of soluble salt. The high salt content inhibits plant growth and causes nitrogen nutrient deficiency, as well as sodium and chlorine ion poisoning. Beneficial microbes that have adapted to saline ecosystems (halotolerant) can reduce salinity’s impact on rice growth. Microorganisms known as halotolerant bacteria can survive in high salt environments by maintaining an osmotic balance. The use of halotolerant N-fixing bacteria (HNB) as biofertilizers is an attempt to boost nitrogen nutrients and rice plant productivity in saline land. The goal of this study was to see how effective HNB isolates were at increasing rice plant growth. The experiment was conducted in the greenhouse of Universitas Padjadjaran’s Faculty of Agriculture, using a randomized block design with 16 treatments (control, single, and consortia of inoculant) and was repeated three times. Rice seedlings were inoculated with HNB isolates and grown in a Fahraeus saline medium. The HNB consortium application increased plant height by 9.03 cm, root-shoot ratio by 0.92, IAA content by 0.475 g/mL, nitrogen content by 2.94%, and the total number of HNB isolates (Azotobacter, Azospirillum, Bacillus, and Stenotrophomonas) by 8.10x107 CFU/mL.
 Keywords: Biofertilizer, consortia inoculum, N-fixing bacteria, rice seedling

Evaluating the Suitability of System of Rice Intensification Practices for Enhancing Rice and Water Productivity in Semi-Arid Environment, Tamil Nadu, India


 In the world of rapid change in climate, irregular rainfall pattern tends to pose serious impact on water availability for agriculture. Rice is one of the important food crops to get affected by the low water availability because of its high water requirement. Various techniques were used in the past to mitigate low water availability and increase productivity but most techniques will improve one aspect at the expense of the other. System of Rice Intensification (SRI) is being tried by many countries with several modifications based on their priorities, with the aim of enhancing productivity besides reducing the water demand for rice cultivation. It is essential to have more insight into the individual and compounding effect of multiple components of SRI on yield, and water productivity of rice for identifying the potential and suitable SRI practices. Investigating the influence of different practices of SRI viz., planting of young and single seedlings per hill in wider spacing, water saving irrigation like Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD), and weed control using cono-weeders on rice using the data obtained from the field experiment carried out during 2021 in Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India. Water productivity of rice plants under SRI were compared with conventional practices. The results revealed that plants grown with complete SRI practices had increased water productivity by 0.25 kg grain/m3 of water which is almost twice that of conventional cultivation system. The yield obtained in SRI treatments was higher about 39% than conventional treatments. The total water savings were 20 % higher in AWD treatments than continuous flooding treatments.
 

KARAKTERISTIK SIFAT KIMIA DAN FISIKA TANAH PADI SAWAH PASCA BANJIR BANDANG DI KECAMATAN SILIMA PUNGGA – PUNGGA KABUPATEN DAIRI

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the main food crop commodity that has a strategic function, namely as a staple food, so that domestic rice production plays a role in food security and self-sufficiency. The Ministry of Agriculture has made various efforts and breakthroughs in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic on food security, including the acceleration of rice planting, development of swamp land, diversification of local food, strengthening of government rice reserves and community food barns. Dairi Regency is one of the rice producers in North Sumatra Province. However, the productivity of rice plants has decreased in Longkotan Village and Bonkaras Village, Silima Pungga - Pungga District, Dairi Regency, due to the flash flood that caused material and land damage. One form of land damage caused is rice fields that have been covered with mud. Based on data from the Dairi Regency agriculture office, after the flash flood in December 2018 resulted in damage to rice fields in Longkotan Village, which was 112 hectares and Bongkaras Village was approximately 40 hectares. The real impact of banjir bandang in addition to reducing rice fields that can be used by farmers, decreasing soil fertility due to environmental damage to rice fields such as loss of top soil which has chemical and physical properties of soil in the availability of nutrients so that it directly causes a decrease in soil productivity and rice plants. Therefore, it is studied to overcome the limited supply of national food, especially rice, through increasing the productivity of paddy fields, especially the chemical and physical characteristics of lowland rice soil after the flash flood so that it can analyze its management efforts to support rice demand in Dairi Regency. The study was to determine the chemical and physical characteristics of the soil of paddy fields after banjir bandang and its management techniques. The research was carried out from April to August 2021 in Longkotan Village and Bonkaras Village. Soil testing was carried out at the Research and Development Center Laboratory of PT. Nusa Pusaka Kencana Analytical & Qc. Laboratory of Bailang High Cliff Gardens, North Sumatra. Soil laboratory tests were conducted to determine the chemical and physical characteristics of the soil. Data analysis was carried out using a descriptive method, namely explaining a situation in the field based on the characteristics of the paddy field soil after the flash flood in the affected village. The results of this study are the clay content and organic matter contained in the soil of the Land Not Affected by Flash Floods. However, the soil pH in the Land Affected by Flash Floods is lower, this is due to the high sand fraction. Soil pH in Land Not Affected by Flash Floods is higher than soil pH in Land Affected by Flash Floods due to the higher organic matter content in Land Not Affected by Flash Floods. Based on the results of the research that the soil that has lower organic C is on the Land Affected by Flash Floods, namely 1.70% which includes low criteria. This is due to the loss of the top soil layer due to flash floods along with the Nitrogen and C-Organic content of the soil in the top soil layer. Because the rate of weathering and Ultisol formation runs faster, the wet climate with high temperature and rainfall causes Ultisols to be poor in organic matter.

Uji Daya Hasil beberapa Varietas Padi (Oryza Sativa L.) dalam Pot pada Ukuran Media Tanam yang Berbeda

<p>Rice is a staple food that is generally consumed by mostly Indonesian people. However, in 2020 the productivity of rice plants in Indonesia has decreased. This study aims to determine the effect of yield and production of several varieties of rice grown in various sizes of planting media/pots other than in rice fields. This study was arranged according to a completely randomized design (CRD) with two factors (the first factor was size of planting media/pot, while the second factor was type of rice varieties). There were 3 types size of planting media used, i.e 40x40 cm, 50x50 cm and 60x60cm, while the types of lowland rice varieties used wee Ciherang, Inpari 32 and Mekongga. There were 9 treatment combinations in this study. Each treatment was repeated 3 times, so that 27 experimental pots were obtained. The observational data in this study were analyzed using ANOVA (Diversity Analysis) and then further tested with 5% BNJ. The results of the analysis showed that the treatment of pot size was significantly different to the parameters of plant height at the age of 42 to 112 days after planting. The highest results were obtained from the 50 x 50 (cm) pot size treatment, which was 98.88 cm. Out of the treatment of 60 x 60 (cm) planting media, the results were significantly different for the weight parameter of 1000 grains of rice, with the highest achievement value of 25.66 grams. The highest plant growth was obtained from the treatment of 50 x 50 (cm) planting media which was planted with Ciherang variety, which was 99.66 cm. Meanwhile, the highest production was obtained from the treatment of 60 x 60 (cm) planting media planted with the Inpari 32 variety, which was 26.77 grams.</p>

Aplikasi Konsentrasi Asap Cair Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Produksi Bebagai Varietas Padi (Oryza sativa L.)

Rice is a staple food source for most of the population of Indonesia and Asia. However, rice production has decreased over time due to the conversion of agriculture into industrial or residential areas. One strategy to increase production is to use high-yielding varieties and improve the cultivation system. Liquid smoke is one solution to neutralize acidity and maintain soil quality. This study aimed to test the effect of liquid smoke concentration on the growth and production of several rice varieties. This research was conducted in Plangwot village, Laren sub-district, Lamongan regency, in March - June 2021. The data analysis method used factorial randomized block design (RAK). The first factor is the variety of rice and the second factor is the concentration of liquid smoke. The results showed that each variety gave the best results at different concentrations of liquid smoke. The best treatment was found in the Inari 42 variety with a concentration of 2% liquid smoke, the Inari 32 variety with a 4% concentration, and the Ciherang varieties with a concentration of 2% and 4%. There is a tendency that increasing the concentration of liquid smoke to 4% results in a decrease in the growth and production of rice plants.

Deteksi Dini Hama dan Penyakit Padi Menggunakan Metode Certainty Factor

Padi is one of the main food commodities. Every year the need for rice continues to increase, as fulfillment of domestic and export needs. Various efforts were made in order to increase rice production, including superior seed seed research, expansion of planting land and counseling and mentoring to farmers. Pests and diseases are one of the 'main factors that have an impact on the decline in the productivity of rice plants. Recognizing Symptoms of the disease requires skills and experience and knowledge. Symptoms that arise often by farmers are difficult to recognize and only experts who can identify it correctly and correctly. The limitations of agricultural experts in the region, are obstacles for farmers when they want to consult. The expert system can then be an alternative solution to replace the expert role in deciding the type of disease that attacks. This study aims to design an expert system using certainty factors for website-based to help farmers in deciding the type of disease. Diseases that are sampled include blast, hawar daun (kresek), busuk pelepah, tungro (kerdil), chocolate spots and striped spots. The method used in this research is Reseach And Development (RND).The results of system output testing validated by experts have an accuracy of 66.67%, and system testing with blackbox testing is declared valid to the main features of the system. It is expected that this expert system, farmers become helped in deciding the type of disease that attacks their rice and can take preventive actions so as not to spread to other rice plants