Indonesian Rice Research Articles

Processing, Nutrients, Market Access, and Pumpkin Rice Acceptance

This study investigates the effects of processing techniques, nutrient content, and market accessibility on consumer acceptance of pumpkin analogue rice in Indonesia. As consumer demand for healthier and more sustainable food alternatives grows, understanding the key factors driving acceptance of innovative products like pumpkin analogue rice is critical. Using a quantitative approach, data were collected from 90 respondents through structured questionnaires and analyzed with SPSS version 25. The results reveal that processing techniques, nutrient content, and market accessibility significantly influence consumer acceptance, with nutrient content having the strongest impact. The findings suggest that optimizing processing methods, emphasizing health benefits, and improving market accessibility are essential for increasing the adoption of pumpkin analogue rice. This study provides practical insights for food producers and marketers seeking to promote healthier food alternatives in emerging markets.

Diversity of Hymenoptera in Indonesian Rice Agroecosystems: A Systematic Review of Species Composition and Ecological Roles

Diversity of Hymenoptera in Indonesian Rice Agroecosystems: A Systematic Review of Species Composition and Ecological Roles

Morpho-Physiological Response of Indonesian Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Under Combination Heat and Drought Stress

Morpho-Physiological Response of Indonesian Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Under Combination Heat and Drought Stress

Genetic parameters of yield component and yield in M1 rice (Oryza sativa L.) generation irradiated with gamma-ray

High-yielding varieties are the primary determinant of the success of increasing Indonesia's rice production. Plant breeding for new high-yielding varieties is possible through mutation induction and selecting desired traits. The effectiveness and efficiency of selection require comprehensive genetic parameters. This study aimed to study the genetic diversity, heritability, genetic advance, and relationship between yield components and yield in the M1 generation of mutant rice irradiated with gamma ray. This research used a factorial randomized complete block design, involving gamma irradiation doses of 100 Gy, 150 Gy, and 200 Gy, as the first factor; and the second factor was the rice genotype: UnsoedBDBP, UnsoedBDIU, UnsoedBPIU, UnsoedIUBD, and UnsoedIBP. Each treatment was repeated three times. Results showed that traits with broad genetic variation were tiller number plant-1, grain number panicle-1, and grain yield plant-1. High heritability and genetic advance values were found in plant height, grain number panicle-1, and yield plant-1, indicating that improvement in these traits can be achieved simply through selection methods. Panicle number plant-1 and filled grain percentage panicle-1 showed a unidirectional relationship and directly affected high values on yield plant-1. Therefore, these traits can be considered selection indicators for breeding high-yielding mutant rice.

COMPARISION OF RICE PRICE PREDICTION RESULTS IN EAST JAVA USING FOURIER SERIES ESTIMATOR AND GAUSSIAN KERNEL ESTIMATOR SIMULTANEOUSLY

Extreme weather changes and the El Nino phenomenon in 2023 will cause drought, resulting in a decrease in rice production and an increase in rice prices. It has significantly impacted East Java Province as it is the most extensive rice supplier in Indonesia. This study aims to predict the price of rice with six different qualities using the Fourier series estimator and Gaussian kernel function simultaneously. The results show that the Gaussian kernel method, with a bandwidth value of 1, produces a better model with a MAPE value of 0.228259% than the sine function Fourier series method in predicting rice prices based on six different qualities. The prediction results using the Gaussian kernel function method are categorized as highly accurate because they are less than 10%. This research accelerates the realization of SDG 2 related to "Zero Hunger" through government policies to control the high price of rice in Indonesia. Recommendations that can be given through the research results include cooperation with the government, which can help access information and resources needed to manage price risks.

Analysis of Rice Fields Conversion to Improve Control Strategies: A SWOT Framework

Rice fields are the leading supplier of rice in Indonesia. The conversion of rice fields is a severe problem that needs to be addressed to support food security. This study aims to formulate a strategy to control the conversion of rice fields in Pematangsiantar City. We conducted a comprehensive SWOT analysis, identifying the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to control rice field conversion. This analysis was based on focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with 24 key respondents. Based on the evaluation matrix of internal and external factors and the strategy matrix, the strategies to control rice field conversion are aggressive (SO strategy), adaptive (WO strategies), and competitive (ST strategies). The main strategies are regulatory consistency, incentive, and disincentive systems, preparation of LP2B Perda, consistency in issuing non-agricultural sector permits, and institutional capacity building of rice farmers. This research is the latest comprehensive study in formulating control strategies for rice field conversion in Pematangsiantar City. The contribution is a strategy that can be used as an action program to control the conversion of rice fields. Implementing the strategy requires technical and political will from all stakeholders, especially local government, legislators, and farmers.

Starch Characteristics and Amylopectin Unit and Internal Chain Profiles of Indonesian Rice (Oryza sativa).

Indonesia is arguably a major player in worldwide rice production. Though white rice is the most predominantly cultivated, red, brown, and red rice are also very common. These types of rice are known to have different cooking properties that may be related to differences in their starch properties. Investigating the starch properties, especially the fine structure of their amylopectin, can help understand these differences. This study aims to investigate the starch characteristics of some Indonesian rice varieties by evaluating the starch granule morphology and size, molecular characteristics, amylopectin unit and internal chain profiles, and thermal properties. Starches were extracted from white rice (long grain (IR-64) and short grain (IR-42)), brown rice, red rice, and black rice cultivated in Java Island, Indonesia. IR-42 had the highest amylose content of 39.34% whilst the black rice had the least of 1.73%. The enthalpy of gelatinization and onset temperature of the gelatinization of starch granules were between 3.2 and 16.2 J/g and 60.1 to 73.8 °C, respectively. There were significant differences between the relative molar amounts of the internal chains of the samples. The two white rice and black rice had a significantly higher amount of A-chains, but a lower amount of B-chains and fingerprint B-chains (Bfp) than the brown and red rice. The average chain length (CL), short chain length (SCL), and external chain length (ECL) were significantly longer for the red rice and the black rice in comparison to both the white rice amylopectins. The long chain length (LCL) and internal chain length (ICL) of the sample amylopectins were similar. Rice starches were significantly different in the internal structure but not as much in their amylopectin unit chain profile. These results suggest the differences in their amylopectin clusters and building blocks.

Formulation of Rice Accounting Cycle in Indonesia

Objective: This research aims to formulate the accounting cycle for rice in Indonesia, facilitating the resolution of complex issues in rice management and finance from upstream to downstream. Stakeholders, especially the Indonesian government, can utilize appropriate policies to enhance rice management and accounting practices. Theoretical Framework: Addressing the rice issue in Indonesia requires systematic policy interventions to serve as solutions for farmers' challenges. This study will delve into the complexity of these issues using the concept of (Purnamasari et al., 2023), encompassing land area, seed costs, and labor costs as determinants of technical efficiency. It expands on (Purnamasari et al., 2023), analyzing it from an accounting perspective. Method: Employing a phenomenological approach, the researcher conducts observations and direct interviews with a selection of farmers, utilizing ethnographic methods to map out the rice management system in Indonesia. Results and Discussion: The researcher successfully formulates the accounting cycle for rice, offering a comprehensive solution for rice management in Indonesia. The rice accounting cycle comprises seedling, land processing, planting and maintenance, and harvesting and distribution phases. Research Implications: The government plays a pivotal role in implementing the Management Control System (MCS) for the rice accounting cycle to improve farmers' welfare and ensure rice self-sufficiency from production to distribution. Originality/Value: This research is the first to comprehensively examine rice management and accounting practices in Indonesia. Previous studies have been partial in their approach, thus failing to provide effective solutions for rice management and accounting in the country.

Searching of new gene donors for high Fe and Zn content from Indonesian rice varieties

Abstract High Fe and Zn content rice varieties are believed to be effective in reducing the high prevalence of deficiencies. Searching gene donors for high Fe and Zn content is required to further increase the Fe and Zn content of the existing varieties. This preliminary study that was conducted aiming to quantify the Fe and Zn content of rice genotypes of various local (set I) and released (set II) varieties in Indonesia. Set I experiment was conducted in 2014 in 328 Indonesian local variety measured using an ED XRF machine at the ICRR laboratory in Subang. Set II experiment was conducted in 32 rice genotypes using T XRF machine at BRIN laboratory in Bandung in 2022. The results showed the existence of variation of Fe and Zn content among local and improved varieties indicating the potential of breeding efforts to increase Fe/Zn content. Set I with more huge numbers of genotypes showed normal distribution for both Fe and Zn content but not for set II. Fe and Zn content were positively correlated in both sets. Further trial with replications at the same planting environment and uniform method is required to confirm these results.

Grain diversity of rice collection from South Sulawesi, Indonesia

Abstract South Sulawesi province is among the Indonesia rice barns, which is expected to buffer the national rice supply. Although rice stock is mainly produced from high-yielding superior varieties, local germplasm is still the main basis for variety development. Local germplasm has been adapted to various agro-ecosystems and thus has potential as a genetic source for adaptation to climate change. This study was aimed at measuring the diversity of rice germplasm from South Sulawesi based on its grain characteristics. A total of 98 rice accessions that were conserved in the agricultural genebank were examined. Grain length, shape, color, and other grain-related characters were observed following the international standard descriptors for rice. NTSYS-PC software version 2.2 was used to perform clustering analysis. Rice collections from South Sulawesi showed diversity in their grain characteristics. The majority of seeds are awnless, have medium length, medium shape, and straw-colored lemmae-palea and attributed with medium-sized and straw-colored sterile lemmae, and the dehulled grain bran is predominantly white. The rice accessions can be grouped into eight clusters at a similarity level of 52%. This diversity and similarity information is important for germplasm management and utilization. However, due to the limited number of characters used, information from this study cannot yet be used as a basis for their management. More comprehensive characterization efforts need to be conducted in order to make this study more usable, both in supporting conservation and for their utilization

Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Technology in Indonesian Rice Cultivation

Penelitian ini bertujuan memberikan informasi perkembangan hasil penelitian mengenai teknologi dalam mereduksi emisi gas rumah kaca pada budidaya padi sawah di Indonesia. Metode yang digunakann adalah naratif review dengan batas pengambilan artikel rentang 2003-2023.Hasil penelian ini didapatkan informasi mengenai perkembangan artikel hasil penelitian terkait teknologi budidaya padi rendah emisi gas rumah kaca di Indonesia, dengan pengkatagorian teknologi budidaya meliputi : varietas rendah emisi, pengolahan lahan, pengelolaan kesuburan tanah, pengelolaan Irigasi, pemanfaatan bakteri pereduksi gas rumah kaca. Informasi yang didapatkan pada masing masing katagori masih sedikit dan belum mengambarkan teknologi budidaya terintegrasi dalam mereduksi gas rumah kaca. Pengembangan penelitian terkait perakitan dan indentifikasi varietas rendah gas rumah kaca, pengolahan lahan, rekomendasi pemupukan organik dan anorganik, pengairan dan pemanfaatan bakteri pereduksi gas rumah kaca masih perlu dilakukan guna mencapai target penurunan emisi gas rumah kaca di Indonesia

Identification and differentiation of rice ferritin gene in two different chromosomes in several local Indonesian rice varieties

Abstract. Permatasari SE, Salamah A. 2024. Identification and differentiation of rice ferritin gene in two different chromosomes in several local Indonesian rice varieties. Biodiversitas 25: 2547-2555. The presence of ferritin protein in rice plants indicates a regulatory response to environmental iron stress. It prevents the destructive effects of the chain reaction resulting from Fe2+ accumulation in the cell. This study aimed to detect and identify the location of the ferritin gene (OsFER) in eight local rice varieties in Indonesia. OsFER2, as the target gene was amplified using PCR, visualized by electrophoresis, and then sequenced. The sequencing results were analyzed using DNA Baser, BioEdit, and ClustalX2. The predicted proteins were visualized using the SWISS-MODEL server, Rice Genome Annotation Project Database, and chromosome map tools. The results show that all rice varieties studied have 100% alignment similarity and OsFER characteristics on chromosome 11 at LOC_Os11g01530 and chromosome 12 at LOC_Os12g01530, which have striking differences. The complete protein structure of the complex is found on chromosome 12, while only a portion of alpha-helix ferritin is found on chromosome 11. Differences in the position of the ferritin gene at different chromosomes impact the functional changes in the ferritin protein as an iron homeostasis key role. The two genes show different characteristics and are located at different genomic positions, suggesting a potential regulatory impact on the level of iron stress resistance in Indonesian rice varieties.

Are Indonesian rice farmers ready to adopt precision agricultural technologies?

Are Indonesian rice farmers ready to adopt precision agricultural technologies?

Revitalizing Customer Satisfaction in Indonesia's Rice Industry

CV. Central Karya Jaya, a rice distribution company, faced a 40% profit decline. This study aims to enhance company performance and customer satisfaction using the Balanced Scorecard and Importance Performance Analysis (IPA). Data from 70 respondents showed a financial ROE above 12%, but customer satisfaction had a 72.25% conformity, revealing unmet needs. Key improvements are needed in managerial friendliness, employee responsiveness, and personalized service. Recommendations include fostering better employee relations and understanding customer needs, with future research suggesting the use of Quality Function Deployment (QFD) for further service enhancement. Highlights: Financial Performance: ROE above 12% indicates solid financial health. Customer Satisfaction: 72.25% conformity shows areas needing improvement. Key Improvements: Enhance managerial friendliness and employee responsiveness Keywords: Performance Measurement, Balanced Scorecard, Customer Satisfaction, Rice Distribution, Importance Performance Analysis

Dinamika Perkembangan Luas Panen, Produksi Dan Produktivitas Padi Sawah Sebelum Dan Sesudah Program Humasa Sebbel Khumaha Heba Di Kabupaten Simeulue

Meeting food needs is a right and is protected by law in Indonesia. The harvested area for lowland rice in Indonesia and the Province of Aceh has fluctuated every year. Simeulue Regency in 2020 has implemented the Humasa Sebbel Khumaha Heba Public Relations Program (Together down to the fields) with the aim of food self-sufficiency in Simeulue Regency. The purpose of this study was to determine the development of harvested area, production, and productivity of lowland rice in Simeulue Regency before and after the Humasa Sebbel Khumaha Heba program. The analytical method used is descriptive comparative based on secondary data obtained from the Agriculture and Food Crops Office of Simeulue Regency and the Statistics Indonesia-BPS in the form of time series from 2018 to 2021. The results of this study are the Humasa Sebbel Khumaha Heba program can increase harvested area and lowland rice production in Simeulue Regency but its productivity continues to decline.

NUTRITIONAL PROFILING OF INDONESIAN SUPERIOR HYBRID AND BIOFORTIFICATION RICE VARIETIES: MACRONUTRIENT AND MICRONUTRIENT CHANGES UNDER DIFFERENT HEAT TEMPERATURES

Indonesia has developed rice varieties which are superior in cultivation yield. However, lack of information about the nutritional value and optimal temperature to preserve the nutrient content. This study was purposed to determine the nutritional values and micronutrient changes in different heat temperatures. Three varieties of rice namely Jeliteng black rice (JT), Inpari Arumba red rice (AR), and Inpari IR Nutri Zinc white rice (NZ) were analysed during September-October of 2021. Rice was provided from Indonesian Rice Research Centre, East Java, Indonesia. Macronutrient, lipid analysis, dietary fibre, sugar, salt, and micronutrient (vitamin and mineral) were analysed by proximate analysis, gas chromatography, enzymatic gravimetry, luff schoorl method, titrimetric, ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) respectively. All analyses were performed in duplicate. Rice of NZ had the highest protein and dietary fibre content with lowest moisture level. Kalium, magnesium, manganese, and zinc were mainly found in AR rice. However, vitamins were generally found in JT rice. Heating mostly diminished the vitamin B3, B7 and E in all rice, vitamin C in NZ rice as well as iron in colored rice. This study provided fundamental nutritional data for Indonesian rice superior variety. Future explorations are necessary for optimizing the process of milling, cooking, and fortification to maintain micronutrient values in these potential varieties.

Optimizing the role of rice central market in Java, Indonesia: the effect of toll roads construction to the rice market integration

Rice is considered as the primary staple food that Indonesian people mostly consume on daily basis. The need of rice in Indonesia is always increasing. However, the production of rice in Indonesia has not meet its demand. One of the factors resulting the number of paddy field decreasing is the construction of toll roads. The government of Indonesia has invested intensely in the development of a toll road network. The length of toll road operation has increased from around 750 km in 2014 to over 2,500 km in 2022. The construction encroaching paddy fields and resulting the production of rice decreasing every year. The paper objective is to investigate the implications of toll road investment to the rice market integration by focusing on Java as the central rice-producing region in Indonesia. We used the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) approach to analyze the long-ranging daily rice price data series. The result of the study found that Cipinang Central Market in Jakarta has not the significant spatial market integration with rice markets in Java. Despite the fact that West Java, East Java, and Central Java with Cipinang Central Market have a major business tie, prices are not increasing. This shows a severe lack of market integration. The phrase “optimal market integration” refers to a more efficient market, especially when it comes to establishing rice market prices.

ANALYZING THE COMPARATIVE METHODS OF PREWITT, ROBINSON, KRISCH AND ROBERTS IN DETECTING THE EDGES OF RICE LEAVES

This research explores the vital role of rice in Indonesia as a staple food and primary source of income for farmers. Efforts are being made to increase rice production to meet the growing demand. The study focuses on object edge detection in image analysis, evaluating methods like Prewitt, Robinson, Krisch, and Roberts. Digital imaging plays a crucial part in visually presenting information, and image processing improves image quality for human and machine recognition. Detecting object edges, particularly in rice leaf images, is essential for computer inspection. The experiment on fifteen rice leaf images shows that the Krisch method performs better in edge detection, with a 52% average accuracy and smoothness. Other methods, such as Prewitt (6%), Robinson (11%), and Roberts (14%), have lower accuracy rates. These findings provide a foundation for enhancing edge detection in rice leaf image analysis. The study also emphasizes the need for refining classification models. Overall, this research provides insights into the effectiveness of edge detection methods in rice leaf image analysis.

Analysis of production projections and factors that correlated with rice production in Indonesia

Introduction: Meeting rice needs is largely determined by the level of domestic rice production. However, the various dynamics that occur provide encouragement to provide an overview of the conditions for meeting food needs, namely in the form of rice, based on trends in rice production and how independent variables correlate with rice production. The aim of this research is to determine the projected rice production for 2023-2032 and determine the strength of the relationship between the dependent variable (rice production) and the independent variables in the form of harvested area, price of harvested dry grain, price of urea fertilizer and price. Methods: namely a quantitative descriptive method with secondary time series data from 1993-2022. Data analysis techniques for forecasting studies are by using Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) analysis. Meanwhile, in the correlation analysis of rice production using the Pearson correlation. Results: Projections for rice commodity production in Indonesia from 2023 to 2032 using the MA1 model show a positive trend. Analysis of the relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable, namely harvest area (X1), rice price (X2), urea fertilizer price (X3), and price of other food commodities, namely corn (X4) shows a significant positive relationship with rice production in Indonesia. Conclusion: Projections for rice commodity production in Indonesia from 2023 to 2032, which were analyzed using the MA 1 model, obtained data with a positive trend which states that based on past data, Indonesian rice production will continue to increase every year in line with domestic food needs.

MINI REVIEW: BLACK RICE (Oryza sativa L. Indica) AS POTENTIAL FOOD FOR ANTIHYPERGLYCAEMIC

In Indonesia, rice (Oryza sativa L.) has different colors and shapes, visible from the plants and rice. There are several types of rice, one of which is black rice (Oryza sativa L. indica). Researchers are motivated to explore the benefits of black rice in Indonesia. This interest stems from the potential health benefits of black rice, such as its benefits in treating diabetes mellitus. The effectiveness of reducing blood sugar levels is crucial in the context of the increasing prevalence of diabetes in Indonesia, as projected by the International Diabetes Federation for 2045. The author made observations on the phytochemical and pharmacological activities of black rice, aiming to lay the foundation for further study and development. By searching online journals in the Scopus and PubMed databases using the keywords (“Black Rice”) AND (antidiabetic) OR (diabetes) OR (“glucose lowering”) for the last 10 years, the filtering process produced 3 articles on Scopus and 5 articles on PubMed, providing accurate data for review. Results show that black rice contains bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, phytic acid, polyphenolic compounds, and oryzanol, which provide significant health benefits. Anthocyanins, the main compounds responsible for the color of rice, contribute to antihyperglycemic properties and have various pharmacological activities, one of which is anti-diabetic benefits. In addition, the high content of anthocyanins, fiber, and other nutrients in black rice makes it effective in managing the glycemic index, and blood glucose levels, and improving overall health ...