Rice Husk Biochar Application Research Articles

Application of Rice Husk Biochar and Consortium Biological Fertilizers Against the Physiological Response of Cocoa Plants

This study aims to determine the effect of applying rice husk biochar and consortium biofertilizers to improve the physiological processes of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) plants. This research was conducted at the Mars Cocoa Research Station Gardens in Pangkep Regency using an experimental method with the design used, namely the Two Factor Factorial (F2F) arranged in a Randomized Block Design (RBD). Four levels of rice husk biochar were used as the first factor consisting of (r0), 5kg/tree (r1), 10kg/tree (r2), and 15kg/tree (r3). The second treatment factor was the consortium biofertilizer (m) consisting of 4 levels, including without consortium biofertilizers (c0), 20 ml/L (c1), 40 ml/L (c2), and 60 ml/L (c3). Data analysis was carried out by collecting data and processing it in the form of variance (ANOVA) and then proceeding with the Tukey test with a level of alpha 0.05. The results showed that the application of rice husk biochar and consortium biofertilizers had a significant effect on the parameter Leaf Mass per Area (0,049 g.cm-2), chlorophyll a (271,83 mmol/m2), chlorophyll b (111,73 mmol/m2), and total chlorophyll (389,83 mmol/m2). However, the treatment did not significantly affect the application of rice husk biochar and the consortium's biofertilizers was the stomatal density parameter (264,12 mm2).

Pengaruh Padi Lokal Jambi dan Padi Unggul Nasional terhadap Pengaplikasian Biochar di Lahan Rawa Pasang Surut

This study aims to provide information on the effective and efficient provision of rice husk biochar and betel nut biochar for the growth and production of rice crops in tidal marshlands. The research was carried out in community rice fields located in Pembengis Village, Bram Itam District, Tanjung Jabung Barat Regency, Jambi Province with a height of 3 meters above sea level (masl). This study used a Randomized Group Design (RAK) with two factors, the first treatment factor is the rice plant variety consisting of local varieties of white works, high strong local varieties, high-yielding varieties of inpara 3 and superior varieties of inpari 32, the second treatment factor is biochar consisting of no biochar as a control, rice husk biochar and betel nut coir biochar. Each treatment is repeated 3 times. The variables observed were plant height, maximum number of saplings per clump, number of productive saplings, panicle length, amount of grain per panicle, percentage of hollowness per panicle, yield of milled dry grain, weight of 100 grains of grain, length of roots and amount of grain contents per panicle. The results showed that the application of biochar to superior and local rice plants had a significant influence on several variables. There was an interaction between high-yielding varieties and local varieties with the application of rice husk biochar and betel nut coir biochar in tidal marshlands.

Growth and Yield Response of Tomato to Different Soil Amendment Techniques under Different Water Stress

The research was aimed at evaluating the growth and yield performance of tomato under different water regimes and different ricehusk biochar application rates. A trial was conducted during the 2022 dry season at Wudil in Kano State. The experiment was laid out in a Split Plot design. The experiment consisted of two factors; biochar at six different application rates (15, 13.75, 12.5, 11.25, 8.75 and 5tons/ha) and irrigation regimes (100, 50 and 25% irrigation). Which were combined to produce 18 treatments? Prior to planting, fifteen soil samples (0-15 cm) were collected randomly and bulked to obtained three composite soil samples for physical and chemical analysis using standard laboratory procedures. Growth and yield parameters were taken from 2WAT at 2 weeks intervals in each plot and. The result showed that aplication of biochar has a significant effect on crop growth and yield especially at 50% irrigation. Therefore it is recommended that 15tons/ha of rice husk biochar at 50% irrigation is very suitable for use by farmers in the study area.

Effects of rice husk biochar (RHB) with combined inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) on growth of maize (Zea mays)

For optimal plant growth and productivity, agricultural activity is dependent on soil quality and nutrient availability. Soil amendment such as rice husk biochar (RHB), which abundantly found in Malaysia, are capable of improving soil fertility due to its longevity and other benefits to soil biota, including beneficial soil fungi and bacteria such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB). AMF are well-known for their capacity to improve plant nutrient uptake, particularly P, which is essential for plant growth. Similarly, PSB, which is a beneficial bacteria, are able to solubilize phosphate into soluble form thus enhance the P availability for plant. However, the combination effect of AMF and PSB in the presence of RHB is not known. Thus, in order to assess the effects of AMF and PSB in the presence of RHB on soil properties and maize growth, a pot experiment was done. Randomized completely block design (RCBD) arrangement was applied to the following treatments: T1 (control), T2 (RHB), T3 (AMF), T4 (PSB), T5 (+RHB, +AMF), T6 (+AMF, +PSB), T7 (+RHB, +PSB) and T8 (+RHB, +AMF, +PSB). About 10 t/ha RHB was added to the soils for treatments T2, T5, T7, and T8. Ten grams of AMF inoculum and double application of PSB were applied to their respective treatments. Plant growth and soils sampling were done at 45 days after planting (DAP). Results showed that T7 gave 137% root biomass and 123% P uptake higher than control. Our findings were in line with our hypothesis (application of RHB, AMF or PSB or their combination would improve maize growth compared to control, in which T8 gave highest root volume and 150% higher than control. The results suggested that there were positive and synergistic effects of beneficial soil microorganisms (AMF or/and PSB) either with or without RHB. Thus, these combined inoculations and RHB application could be used in biofertilizer formulations to increase the maize growth and yield in sustainable agriculture system.

Effects of application of rice husk biochar and limestone on cadmium accumulation in wheat under glasshouse and field conditions

Cadmium (Cd) has seriously threatened the safe production of food crops. Passivator amendments are commonly used to control the soil Cd availability. Yet, few studies are tested to explore the effect of the combination of various amendments. Here, we investigated the effects of different amendments (2% rice husk biochar, 2% limestone, and 1% rice husk biochar + 1% limestone) on the growth and Cd accumulation of wheat in pot and field experiments. The results showed that under the low soil Cd condition, the maximum increase of soil pH (1.83) was found in the limestone treatment compared to CK in pot experiment. Compared with the CK, the treatment of rice husk biochar decreased soil Cd availability and grain Cd content by about 25% and 31.2%, respectively. In contrast, under high soil Cd condition, the highest soil pH was observed in limestone, while the lowest soil Cd availability and grain Cd concentrations were found in rice husk biochar treatment. In the field experiment, the treatment of 1% rice husk biochar + 1% limestone caused a significant increase of soil pH by about 28.2%, whereas the treatment of 2% rice husk biochar reduced soil Cd availability and grain Cd content by about 38.9% and 38.5% compared to the CK. Therefore, rice husk biochar showed great potential to reduce Cd availability and ensure safe food production.

Pemanfaatan Limbah Jerami, Sekam, dan Urine Sapi sebagai Pupuk Organik untuk Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Padi

Rice cultivation activities can produce organic waste such as straw and husks which can be processed into solid organic fertilizer and liquid smoke. In addition to agricultural waste, organic material from livestock waste can also be used as organic fertilizer, one of which is cow urine which can be processed into cow biourine. This research aimed to determine the effect of organic fertilizer from straw, husk and cow biourine on the growth and production of rice. The research used factorial randomized block design (RAKF) with 2 factors. The first factor is solid organic fertilizer which consists of treatment without solid organic fertilizer, straw ash, and rice husk biochar. The second factor is liquid organic fertilizer which consists of treatment without liquid fertilizer, cow biourine, and husk liquid smoke. The observed parameters were plant height, number of tillers, leaf chlorophyll content, number of panicles, weight of 1000 seeds, and weight of grain per hectare. The results showed that there was an interaction between solid organic fertilizer (rice husk biochar and straw ash) and liquid organic fertilizer (husk liquid smoke and cow biourine) in increasing plant height, number of tillers, number of panicles, and yields. Separate treatment of solid organic fertilizer and liquid organic fertilizer affected the leaf chlorophyll content of rice plants. The application of rice husk biochar and cow biourine fertilizer resulted in the highest plant height, number of tillers, and number of panicles. In rice yields, the highest yields were found in rice husk biochar combined with cow biourine and husk biochar combined with husk liquid smoke.

Application of Rice Husk Biochar and Earthworm on Concentration and Speciation of Heavy Metals in Industrial Sludge Treatment.

The aim of this study was to assess the total concentration and speciation variation of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn) during composting and vermicomposting of industrial sludge with different addition rations of rice husk biochar. Results indicated that pH, EC, total phosphorus (TP) and total potassium (TK) were increased and total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN) were decreased during the composting of industrial sludge with biochar compared with the control (sludge without biochar). The addition of earthworm to the biochar-amended sludge further decreased pH and TOC but highly enhanced the EC, TN, TP and TK. Comparatively lower concentrations of total and DTPA-extractable heavy metals were observed in biochar-amended sludge treatments mixed with earthworm in comparison with the biochar-amended sludge treatments without earthworm or the control. Sequential extraction methods demonstrated that vermicomposting of sludge with biochar converted more metals bound with exchangeable, carbonate and organic matter into the residual fraction in comparison with those composting treatments of sludge with biochar. As a result, the combination of rice husk biochar and earthworm accelerated the passivation of heavy metals in industrial sludge during vermicomposting. Rice husk biochar and earthworm can play a positive role in sequestering the metals during the treatment of industrial sludge. This research proposed a potential method to dispose the heavy metals in industrial sludge to transform waste into resource utilization.

Field Validation on Incorporation of Rice Husk Biochar and Paddy Straw Compost on Crop Attributes and Soil Properties in Rice Ecosystem

Aim: To study the effect of rice husk biochar and rice straw compost on Rabi season rice cultivation.
 Study Design: The randomized block design was used. The treatments of different doses of soil amendments like rice husk biochar, rice straw compost and recommended fertilizer doses are applied.
 Place and Duration of Study: The experimental trial was conducted during the Rabi season (January - April) of 2022 at Tamil Nadu Rice Research Institute, Aduthurai, Tamil Nadu, India.
 Methodology: The study consisted of 11 sets of RBD design treatments replicated thrice. The rice variety of ADT57 Short duration variety was used for this study. The observation has been recorded during the crop growing period at regular intervals.
 Results: The study results revealed that application of PSB @ 2kg/ha + RSC @ 5 t/ha + 75% RDF (T10) treatment showed the highest plant growth parameters like plant height (27.88, 74.22 and 108.89 cm), number of tillers m-2 (122, 620 and 642), leaf area index (2.62, 6.53 and 8.47), SPAD reading (47.22, 43.64 and 40.46), root length (18.86, 37.45 and 56.31 cm) and root volume (17.85, 26.01 and 37.77 ml) at 30, 60 and 90 DAT respectively and yield parameters like grain yield (5133 kg/ha), straw yield (7090 kg/ha), panicle length (25.28cm) and number of productive tillers m-2 (571.6) and was significantly on par with application of PSB @ 2kg/ha + Rice Husk Biochar (RHB) @ 5 t/ha + 75% RDF (T6) and superior over the other all treatments. Plant growth parameters of application of PSB @ 2kg/ha + Rice Husk Biochar (RHB) @ 5 t/ha + 75% RDF (T6) recorded the plant height (27.41, 73.76 and 108.29 cm), number of tillers m-2 (118, 613 and 630), leaf area index (2.54, 6.42 and 8.38), SPAD reading (46.26, 43.10 and 40.20), root length (18.35, 37.05 and 55.40 cm) and root volume (17.42, 25.44 and 37.33 ml) at 30, 60 and 90 DAT respectively and yield parameters like grain yield (4953 kg/ha), straw yield (7077 kg/ha), panicle length (25.07 cm) and number of productive tillers m-2 (555). So, the application of PSB @ 2 kg/ha + RSC @ 5 t/ha + 75% RDF has recorded the best results than all other treatments. With respect to soil properties, application of Rice husk Biochar (RHB) @ 5t/ha + 75% RDF (T4) has reduced the soil bulk density (from 1.52 to 1.47) and application of rice straw compost @ 5t/ha has increased the soil pH (from 6.58 to 7.14) as compared to other treatments whereas the nutrient status (nitrogen (from 212 to 266 kg ha-1); phosphorus (from 45.41 to 61.59 kg ha-1) and potassium (from 192 to 218.4 kg ha-1) has increased by application of PSB @ 2kg/ha + RSC @ 5t/ha + 100% RDF (T11) than other treatments.

Integrated Application of Rice Husk Biochar and ZnO-NPs Improves Yield Components, Yield and Nutrient Uptake in Grain of Rice Under Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Levels

Integrated Application of Rice Husk Biochar and ZnO-NPs Improves Yield Components, Yield and Nutrient Uptake in Grain of Rice Under Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Levels

Rice Growth Performance, Nutrient Use Efficiency and Changes in Soil Properties Influenced by Biochar under Alternate Wetting and Drying Irrigation

Water-saving irrigation occasionally causes an inconsequential yield loss in rice; thereby, biochar incorporation in this context has great scope due to its properties, including the release of nutrients and improving soil physicochemical properties. An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of biochar combined with fertilizer on physiological response, water and nutrient efficiency of rice and changes in biochemical properties of soil under AWD (alternate wetting and drying) irrigation system. Two types of irrigation practice, such as AWD and CF (continuous flooding), and four types of fertilizer combination, namely T1: 25% Rice husk biochar (RHB) + 75% of recommended fertilizer dose (RFD); T2: 25% oil palm empty fruit bunch biochar (EFBB) + 75% of RFD; T3: 100% RFD; and T0: 0% biochar and fertilizer, were assigned to assess their impacts. The AWD irrigation produced a sharply reduced grain yield (210.58 g pot−1) compared to CF irrigation (218.04 g pot−1), whereas the biochar combination treatments T1 and T2 produced greater yields (260.27 and 252.12 g pot−1, respectively), which were up to 12.5% higher than RFD. Within AWD, irrigation water usage by T1 and T2 (98.50 and 102.37 g L−1, respectively) was profoundly reduced by up to 28.8%, with improved water use efficiency (WUE). The main effect of biochar treatment T1 and T2 also increased photosynthesis rate during vegetative and maturing stage (up to 17.6 and 24.4%, respectively), in addition to boosting agronomic efficiency of nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P) and potassium (K) compared to RFD (T3). Nevertheless, T1 and T2 significantly enhanced the total carbon and nitrogen; dehydrogenase and urease enzyme activities also increased in both irrigation regimes. The results reveal that the integrated application of RHB and EFBB with fertilizer in the AWD regime significantly reduces irrigation water usage and improves nutrient use efficiency, WUE and soil biochemical properties with a minimum yield penalty for rice.

Perbaikan Sifat Kimia Lahan Bekas Tambang Emas Melalui Aplikasi Biochar Sekam Padi dan Pupuk Kandang Ayam

Improvement of Chemical Properties of Ex-Gold Mine Land Through Application of Rice Husk Biochar and Chicken Manure. Ex-gold mining land that have been degraded so that soil fertility is very low. Mining with an open system causes an increase in the oxidation of sulfuric minerals which reduces nutrient levels, so it is necessary to make efforts to increase nutrients through the addition of rice husk biochar and manure. The purpose of the study was to determine the role of rice husk biochar and manure to improve soil chemical properties. This study used a completely randomice design (CRD)with 6 treatments and 4 replications. The results showed that 100% manure treatments could increase soil fertility, when the soil pH was 6.28, total N 0.0072%, and available P 59.74 ppm. The best treatments for the organic C parameter is a combination of 50% rice husk biochar + 50% manure, which is 1.42%. Based on research, the addition of organic matter can improve the chemical properties of ex-gold mining land.

An overview on the preparation of rice husk biochar, factors affecting its properties, and its agriculture application

In rice-producing countries, the abundance of rice residue must be sustainably managed to avoid environmental problems. Moreover, repeated usage of inorganic fertilizers has caused rapid soil deterioration in these arable lands. Converting rice husk residue into rice husk biochar (RHB) and reapplying it back to paddy fields as a soil amendment can be a sustainable approach in rice production. Due to its adsorptive capability, nutrient retention capacity and high silica content, RHB can improve soil fertility and improving the effectiveness of fertilizer when mixed together due to its nutrient retention capacity and high silica content. High silica content in rice husk biochar provides better nutrient retention, turgidity, and structure for plant. The objectives of this review article are to compile studies related to rice husk biochar properties and factors affecting it and application of rice husk biochar in Asian agriculture.

Impacts of rice-husk biochar on soil microbial biomass and agronomic performances of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

Tomato is beneficial to human health because it contains valuable vitamins such as vitamins A, C and several minerals. However, to meet up with the demands of the ever increasing population, there is need to improve tomato production. This research, thus, investigated the impact of rice-husk biochar on the agronomic performances of tomato plant and microbial biomass of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in different tomato growth stages. The rice husk biochar pyrolyzed at 350 °C was amended with soil at four different application rates: 0, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 t/ha. Physicochemical property of soil was conducted using Mid Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy method. Impact of biochar on Microbial Biomass Carbon, Microbial Biomass Nitrogen and Microbial Biomass Phosphorous was conducted using fumigation extraction method and monitored at three functional stages. Biochar application appreciably increase the soil physicochemical properties such as pH, Ca, Na, H+, S, P, B, C, Zn and cation exchangeable capacity in comparison with the control. Biochar amended soil significantly enhanced tomato height, stem girth, leaf area, flowers, fruit yields and weight. Although, B3 recorded the lowest leaf area, it possessed the highest number of fruits and fruit weight of 3 and 40%, respectively. The ratio of Microbial biomass C:N:P for biochar amended soil at 7.5 t/ha (B3) was 302.30:18.81:11.75 µg/g, compared to control, which was 242.12:18.30:11.49 µg/g. This study revealed that biochar amendments significantly (p < 0.05) increased the yields and microbial biomass of tomato plants. Conclusively, the application of rice-husk biochar (7.5 t/ha) to soil is considered as a suitable approach to improve tomato growth and yield.

RESPON PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL BAWANG MERAH (Allium ascalonicum L.) VARIETAS RUBARU TERHADAP BIOCHAR SEKAM PADI DAN MIKORIZA DI VERTISOL

Cultivating red onion on a Vertisol during rainny season could face to physical and chemical problems from the soil. Application of biochar and mycorrhiza can improve soil quality both physical and chemical properties of Vertisol. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of rice husk biochar and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) on growth and yield of red onion grown on a vertisol. The research was carried out at the Agrotechnology Research Station, University of Trunojoyo Madura from December 2018 to February 2019. The experiments were arranged on Split Plot Design (SPD) with the main plots were the biochar treatments and the sub plots were AMF applications. Two rates of biochar applications namely B0 (no biochar) and B1 (10 ton/ha), and four rates of AMF applications involving M0 (no mycorrhiza), M1 (2.5 g/plant), M2 (5 g/plant) and M3 (10 g/plant), were employed. No P fertilizer was applied on three AMF treatments (M1, M2, and M3). There were 8 combination treatments, and each treatment was replicated four times to end up in 32 experimental units. The results showed that there was no interaction between biochar and AMF treatments on all observed parameters. Biochar increased the number of leaves at 4 and 6 WAP (week after planting), the number of roots, and the weight of fresh tubers, and dry tubers that were suitable for storage. Mycorrhizal (AMF) application significantly influenced the number of leaves at 2 and 6 WAP, number of roots, wet weight of tubers, dry weight of tubers, and percentage of AMF root colonization. The application of rice husk biochar and AMF increased tuber yields respectively up to 17.21% and 19.58% compared to that of control.

Growth of Paddy Rice and Global Warming Gas Emission in Soils with Combined Application of Rice Husk Biochar and Various Organic Materials

Growth of Paddy Rice and Global Warming Gas Emission in Soils with Combined Application of Rice Husk Biochar and Various Organic Materials

Soil Quality Assessment of Lowland Rice Soil of Eastern India: Implications of Rice Husk Biochar Application

Soil Quality Assessment of Lowland Rice Soil of Eastern India: Implications of Rice Husk Biochar Application

Effect of biochar on the form transformation of heavy metals in paddy soil under different water regimes

ABSTRACT To ascertain the effect of biochar on remediation of paddy soil contaminated by heavy metals under different irrigation regimes (flooding irrigation (FI), intermittent irrigation (II) and wet irrigation (WI)), rice straw biochar (RSB) and rice husk biochar (RHB) were applied into soil contaminated by Cd and Cu. The concentrations of available Cd and Cu were significantly reduced by RSB, and decreased by 6.8–15.9%, 11.1–20.0% and 6.8–18.2%, and 6.2–12.9%, 7.0–14.8% and 5.6–17.7% under FI, II and WI regimes, respectively. The application of RHB generally reduced the content of acid extractable and reducible Cd under FI and II regimes, and promoted its transformation to oxidizable and residual form. Similarly, both biochars reduced the acid extractable Cu in paddy soil and promoted its transformation to reducible and oxidizable form under three irrigation regimes (especially in II). This is significantly related to the increase of soil pH, organic matter content and cation exchange capacity by biochar. The preliminary results of this study indicate that biochar application combined with intermittent irrigation could be an effective measure to enhance the paddy soil quality. However, future studies are still needed to evaluate the long-term impact of biochar on heavy metal bioavailability under different water conditions.

Effect of wood vinegar and rice husk biochar on soil properties and growth performances of immature kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) planted on BRIS soil

Beach ridges interspersed with swales (BRIS) soil is identified as one of Malaysia's problematic soil since this type of soil contains a plethora portion of sand texture that contributes to water and nutrient leaching causes infertile soil. A polybag trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of wood vinegar and rice husk biochar on soil properties and growth performances of immature kenaf. The plant was arranged in a completely randomised design with four treatments and three replications. The factors taken for the experiment were four different media compositions, i.e., T1(control), T2(BRIS soil amended with wood vinegar, WV), T3(BRIS soil amended with rice husk biochar, RHB) and T4(BRIS soil amended with wood vinegar and rice husk biochar, WV+RHB). Rice husk biochar and a combination of wood vinegar with rice husk biochar significantly improved soil properties in terms of soil moisture content, organic matter, water retention and soil porosity, as well as significantly increased the kenaf stem diameter. However, there was no significant difference in plant height, number of leaves, leaves area and chlorophyll content on different treatments medium. In conclusion, the application of rice husk biochar and wood vinegar in this study enhanced BRIS soil properties and showed a positive effect on the growth of immature kenaf.

Combined Application of Rice Husk Biochar and Lime Increases Phosphorus Availability and Maize Yield in an Acidic Soil

Biochar, a pyrogenic carbon, has been receiving incremental attention for potential contribution to soil health, agricultural productivity enhancement while mitigating climate change by sequestering carbon and reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, it is not well-known to us how far rice husk biochar (RHB) application rates could increase phosphorus (P) bioavailability and plant performance when co-applied with P and lime. Here, we present data of a pot experiment consisting of eleven treatments to evaluate RHB, lime, and phosphorus effect on soil phosphorus availability, CO2 emission, nutrient uptake, and yield performance of maize. Co-application of RHB (10 and 15 t ha−1) and lime (100% and 75%) was made with different rates of P (100%, 75%, and 50%). Our result revealed that, at harvest, the combined application of RHB, lime, and phosphorus fertilizer significantly increased soil pH, P availability and decreased Al and Fe toxicity relative to the control while increasing maize yield. The maximum soil pH increased by 36.75%, the highest available P increased by 158.75%, whilst, the exchangeable Al content reduced by 96.84% compared to the control treatment. However, the difference in biomass production and yield among different lime, RHB, and P were minimal, with the largest grain yield (15.50 t ha−1) was recorded in the T6 treatments (75% lime + 10 t ha−1 RHB + 100% Triple superphosphate). The increment in biomass and grain yield could have occurred due to lime and RHB mediated changes in soil properties, including enhancement of soil pH, availability of P, and other nutrients. This increased availability then increased nutrient uptake and biomass production. Our results suggest that the combined application of lime and RHB could bring favorable changes in soil properties while sacrificing some carbon from soils.

Effects of rice husk biochar and biochar-based fertilizer application on soil enzyme activities and bacterial communities in continuously cropped ginseng

Effects of rice husk biochar and biochar-based fertilizer application on soil enzyme activities and bacterial communities in continuously cropped ginseng