Efficiency Of Rice Farmers Research Articles

Cost and environmental efficiency of rice farms in South Korea

AbstractWe examine cost and nutrient use efficiency of farms and determine the cost to move farms to nutrient‐efficient operation using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) with a dataset of 96 rice farms in Gangwon province of South Korea from 2003 to 2007. Our findings show that improvements in technical efficiency would result in both lower production costs and better environmental performance. It is, however, not costless for farms to move from their current operation to the environmentally efficient operation. On average, this movement would increase production costs by 119% but benefit the water system through an approximately 69% reduction in eutrofying power (EP). The average estimated cost of each EP kg of aggregate nutrient reduction is approximately one thousand two hundred won. For technically efficient farms, there is a trade‐off between cost and environmental efficiency. We also find that the environmental performance of farms varies across farms and regions. We suggest that agri‐environmental policies should be (re)designed to improve both cost and environmental performance of rice farms.

Comparing the Technical Efficiency of Rice Farms in Urban and Rural Areas: A Case Study from Nepal

This study focuses on comparing the technical efficiency of rice farms in two locations with different level of urbanization. A production function using maximum likelihood method is estimated and efficiency score of individual household is calculated using stochastic frontier analysis. The efficiency scores are regressed on variables including farm-household characteristics and degree of output market commercialization. The empirical evidence suggests that the elasticity of production to land size and biological inputs like chemical fertilizer, pesticide, fungicide and seed is positive and statistically significant. The average efficiency scores in two sample districts indicate that the production can be increased by 26-33% through improving efficiency in a given technological condition. The result suggests that the degree of commercialization has positive effect on technical efficiency. Furthermore, household characteristics like education, age, share of agriculture in total household income, sharecropping also have a significant effect on technical efficiency.

Fertilizer Usage and Technical Efficiency of Rice Farms under Tropical Conditions: A Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)

This study employed an output-oriented DEA approach to evaluate the impact of fertilizer usage on the technical efficiency of rice farms in Kogi state, Nigeria. Results suggest that rice farms with...

Technical Efficiency of Rice Farms in Different Agroclimatic Zones in the Philippines: An Application of a Stochastic Metafrontier Model*

Rice producers in the Philippines operate in spatially diverse physical environments that are largely beyond their control. We decompose total factor productivity into technical efficiencies and environment–technology gap ratios across four climatic zones for selected years from 1996/1997 to 2005/2006 using farm-level panel data. Results show surprisingly little interzonal and intertemporal variation in productivity. It appears that Philippine rice producers have been able to adapt their crop management strategies sufficiently to suit their particular agroclimatic conditions. However, after an increase in the first 5 years of the study period, mean environment–metatechnology gap ratios stagnated in the second 5 years. The metafrontier does not appear to have substantially shifted outwards over the whole period, suggesting that rice producers achieved little technological progress and increased total factor productivity.

Determinants of Technical Efficiency of Rice Farms in North-Central and North-Western Regions in Bangladesh

This paper estimates a quadratic stochastic frontier production function to examine the determinants of technical efficiency in rice farming in Bangladesh using the computer program FRONTIER 4.1. Primary data has been collected using multi-stage random sampling technique from twelve villages in north-central and north-western regions in Bangladesh. Rice cultivation displayed much variability in technical efficiency ranging from 0.16 to 0.94 with mean technical efficiency of 0.83 which suggested substantial gains in output with available resources and existing technologies. The analysis of the determinants of technical efficiency revealed that the age and education of the household heads, availability of off-farm incomes, land fragmentation, access to microfinance, extension visits, and regional variation were the major factors that caused efficiency differentials among the farm households studied. Hence, the study proposes strategies such as providing better extension services and farmer training programs, ensuring access to agricultural microfinance, reducing land fragmentation and raising educational level of the farmers to enhance technical efficiency.

Technical Efficiency of Rice Farms under Irrigated Conditions in Central Gujarat

The present investigation undertaken in the central Gujarat, has estimated the technical efficiency in rice production and has assessed the effect of farm-specific socio-economic factors on this technical efficiency. A stochastic frontier production function has been estimated to determine technical efficiency of individual farms and variance as well as regression analyses have been carried out to find the influence of socioeconomic factors. The study has revealed that the farm-specific technical efficiencies range from 71.39 per cent to 99.82 per cent, with the mean of 72.78 per cent, which indicates that on average, the realized output can be raised by 27 per cent in the region with the available technology and resources, without any additional resources. It has been found that factors like operational area, experience, education and distance of field from canal structure are the most influential determinants of technical efficiency, while the variable, number of working family members, has shown significant but negative relationship with technical efficiency. By adopting good management practices and proper allocation of the existing resources and technology, along with sound extension programmes, the potential that exists for improving the productivity of rice in the state, could be exploited.

Investigating external effects of shrimp farming on rice farming in southern Thailand: a technical efficiency approach

Rice and shrimp farming are two important economic activities in rural southern Thailand that compete each other in land allocation leading to land use conflicts. Moreover, it can be observed that the conversion of rice fields to shrimp farms is already extended from coastal areas to the inlands. These conversions are making more area be saline which is essential condition for shrimp cultivation but deleterious for rice farming. We are looking at the unidirectional externalities originating from the conversion which brings the productivity of adjacent rice fields further down. This study attempts to quantify the external effects on rice yield and efficiency of rice farming by constructing three models. Model I, we assess the rice yield function by using the multiple linear regression while in Model II, we attempt to delineate the technical efficient frontier of rice farms by using an input oriented non-parametric approach, so called data envelopment analysis. Model III, we probe into the factors influencing technical efficiency scores using the Tobit regression. Database of the study is constituted by primary survey data from 120 rice farms in Songkhla province for the crop year 2004/2005. The 30 out of 120 sample farms have been affected by externality of shrimp farming. The empirical results of all three models show that shrimp farming externalities caused a production drop of 467–515 kg paddy rice per ha and significantly affect the technical efficiency of rice farms. The measures of internalizing this externality are discussed.

Non-Parametric Analysis of Technical Efficiency: Factors Affecting Efficiency of West Java Rice Farms

The objectives of this analysis are to evaluate the technical and scale efficiency of rice farms in West Java and to identify determinants affecting farms' efficiency. Further, the farm size-productivity relation is investigated. Data Envelopment Analysis is used to estimate technical efficiency scores. Additionally, Tobit regression is used to explain the variation in the efficiency scores related to farm-specific factors. I conclude that farm size is one of the most important factors of farms' technical efficiency and that high land fragmentation was the main source of the technical inefficiency during the final period of the intensification era, known as the Green Revolution.

ANALISIS TINGKAT EFISIENSI TEKNIS DALAM USAHATANI PADI DENGAN FUNGSI PRODUKSI FRONTIR STOKASTIK

The growth of productivity (yield) will be the major source of rice production in the next some few years to come. However, the development of rice productivity is facing the limited government budgets and the continuation of the conversion of land function. Therefore, the rice farming need to be conducted more efficiently. It means that the management skills of farmers need to be improved. The objective of the study is to estimate the levels of efficiency of rice farming in Kediri and Nganjuk of East Java Province and to see its distribution among farmers, using stochastic frontier production function. The results of the study are expected to help the policy makers in designing and improving the agricultural extension strategy. Keywords: efficiency, productivity, stochastic frontier production function, management skills.

Allocative Efficiency of Rice Farmers

Allocative Efficiency of Rice Farmers

Analysis of the technical efficiency of rice farms in Ijesha Land of Osun State, Nigeria

This study estimated technical efficiencies on rice farms in Osun State, Nigeria, and identified some socioeconomic factors, which influence productive efficiency. These technical efficiencies were estimated using the stochastic frontier production function approach applied to primary data. A translog production function was used to represent the production frontier of the rice farms. The study showed that the levels of technical efficiency ranged from 29.4% to 98.2% with a mean of 86.6%, which suggests that average rice output falls 13.4% short of the maximum possible level. Therefore in the short run there is scope to increase technical efficiencies on rice farms in the study area. The study also showed that these efficiencies are positively and significantly correlated with the application of traditional preparation methods, and with off-farm income.

PENURUNAN BIAYA PRODUKSI PADA USAHATANI PADI SAWAH MELALUI PENDEKATAN PENGELOLAAN TANAMAN TERPADU DI KABUPATEN GROBOGAN

Rice as a staple food has a significant role on national economic. Until now rice farming is still being a backbone of rural economic system. To support its role, the study of Integrated Crop Management (ICM) was conducted in Grobogan Regency on cropping season I (2000/ 2001) and cropping season II (2001) respectively, to increase rice farming efficiency. The study was carried out on 5 hectares of land owned by 14 farmers which was then compared to IO non cooperator farmers. Technologies of ICM consisted of seeds treatment, young age planting material with single seedling per hill, fine compost application, N fertilizing based on leaf color chart, P and K fertilizing based on soil test, and intermitten irrigation. Data which was collected covered input use, cost of production, and grain yield. Data related to characteristic of rice farming were analyzed descriptively. Meanwhile, farming system per• formance was analyzed using Gross margin analysis. Results showed that during cropping season I (2001/01), cost production of ICM to produce of kilogram milled dry grain (mdg) (516 rupiahs) was lower compared to that on famer practices (646 rupiahs} or reduced by 20,20 %. Similarly, ICM technolgy gave a lower Break-even Point (BEP) (3,824 kilogram mdg per hectare} than that on farmers technology (4,298 kilogram mdg per hectare) with BC ratio at 2.02. In addition the ICM was able to increase benefit at 131 rupiahs per kilogram mdg or increased by 24.81 %. Similar case was observed in cropping season II (200 I) in which production cost to produce a kilogram mdg of ICM (628 rupiahs) was lower than farmer practices (741 rupiahs) or reduced by 15.25 %. Break-even Point of ICM (3,865 r kilogram mdg per hectare} was also lower compared to farmers technology (4,796 kilogram mdg per hectare} with BC ratio at 1.62. Whereas benefit obtained by ICM (389 rupiahs per kilogram mdg) was higher than that in farmer practices (182 rupiahs per kilogram mdg) or increased by 193.21 %.

The Relationship between the Possibility of Debt Redemption and Technical Efficiency of Rice Farms in Hokkaido:

The Relationship between the Possibility of Debt Redemption and Technical Efficiency of Rice Farms in Hokkaido:

Cultivation arrangements and the cost efficiency of rice farming in Taiwan

In this paper, a switching regression model is developed to analyze farmers' choice behavior and cost efficiency in field plowing arrangement in Taiwan. We find that the decision on the choice of plowing arrangement is determined by a cost comparison between self-plowing and hired-service, and other non-cost considerations, such as the availability of family labor and machinery, education level, non-farm income, age, and regional effects. Across a spectrum of farmer characteristics, empirical results indicate a potentially substantial cost-savings by hiring service for field plowing than by self-plowing. Self-plowing farmers also subject to a significant level of cost inefficiency.

Local rock phosphate deposits are a good source of phosphorus fertilizer for rice production in Cambodia

Phosphate is needed to increase yields over most of Cambodia's rice area. Imported P fertilizers are expensive and difficult to obtain for many Cambodian farmers. Local rock phosphate (PR) is potentially a viable alternative to the imported P fertilizers. Field and greenhouse experiments were conducted to compare the use of triple superphosphate (TSP) and several products developed from the local phosphate as fertilizers for rice production. The experiments were conducted over several seasons and soil types. In the field experiment, P application increased grain yields from 0 to 2.5 t ha-1 in the first season, 1.0 to 2.5 t ha-1 in the second season and 0.5 to 1.0 t ha-1 in the third season. In all the seasons the effect of P on grain yield was the same regardless of the type of P fertilizer applied. In the first season, however, plants receiving TSP had more than 10% higher P concentrations in their shoots than plants receiving PRo Conversely, in the final season, plants receiving TSP tended to have a lower P concentration in the straw than plants receiving PRo In the greenhouse, P fertilizer increased shoot growth from 5 to 15 g pot-Ion a sandy soil and from 2 to 30 g pot-Ion a clayey soil. Growth of plants receiving PR on all the soils, however, was as good as or better than that of the plants receiving TSP. The relationship between shoot growth and shoot P concentration was the same across all soil types when TSP and PR were applied but varied with the soil type when the PR product was applied. New fertilizer products developed from local rock phosphate deposits appear to be effective for rice production in Cambodia. With this technology, given the widespread P deficiency in most of the soils and the low cost of the PR product there is a potential to dramatically improve the efficiency of rice farming in Cambodia. New relationships between P applied as PR and grain yield, however, will need to be studied in order to formulate accurate fertilizer recommendations for the new product.

Farm size, relative efficiency and agrarian policy in C�te d'Ivoire: profit function analysis of rice farms

Abstract This paper examines the relative economic efficiency of small and large rice farms in Cote d'Ivoire using a profit function approach. No differences in the relative economic efficiency of small and large farms were found. This conclusion is robust under alternative model specifications. Agrarian reforms directed towards further concentration of landholding for large farms in Cote d'Ivoire cannot be justified based on economic efficiency. Results show that access to credit and use of modern rice varieties significantly increase profits. To improve technical efficiency of rice farms, an accelerated program to provide information, credit, improved seeds and other inputs is needed. When all the farms (i.e. large and small) are taken together, there is evidence of allocative inefficiency. Strategies are needed to remove such management related inefficiencies in rice production either through the development of a better market price information system or effective farmer-oriented technical training programs by rice extension workers.

Farm size, relative efficiency and agrarian policy in Côte d'Ivoire: profit function analysis of rice farms

AbstractThis paper examines the relative economic efficiency of small and large rice farms in Côte d'Ivoire using a profit function approach. No differences in the relative economic efficiency of small and large farms were found. This conclusion is robust under alternative model specifications. Agrarian reforms directed towards further concentration of landholding for large farms in Côte d'Ivoire cannot be justified based on economic efficiency. Results show that access to credit and use of modern rice varieties significantly increase profits. To improve technical efficiency of rice farms, an accelerated program to provide information, credit, improved seeds and other inputs is needed. When all the farms (i.e. large and small) are taken together, there is evidence of allocative inefficiency. Strategies are needed to remove such management related inefficiencies in rice production either through the development of a better market price information system or effective farmer‐oriented technical training programs by rice extension workers.

Green Revolution, Land Reform, and Household Income Distribution in the Philippines

Previous articleNext article No AccessGreen Revolution, Land Reform, and Household Income Distribution in the PhilippinesKeijiro Otsuka, Violeta Cordova, and Cristina C. DavidKeijiro Otsuka Search for more articles by this author , Violeta Cordova Search for more articles by this author , and Cristina C. David Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Economic Development and Cultural Change Volume 40, Number 4Jul., 1992 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/451974 Views: 19Total views on this site Citations: 18Citations are reported from Crossref Copyright 1992 The University of ChicagoPDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Nicole M. Mason, Ayala Wineman, Solomon T. Tembo Reducing poverty by ‘ignoring the experts’? Evidence on input subsidies in Zambia, Food Security 12, no.55 (Apr 2020): 1157–1172.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-020-01032-zWinnie Fung, Lenis Saweda O. Liverpool‐Tasie, Nicole M. Mason, Ruth Uwaifo Oyelere Do crop purchase programs improve smallholder welfare? The case of Zambia's Food Reserve Agency, Agricultural Economics 51, no.44 (May 2020): 519–533.https://doi.org/10.1111/agec.12569Talan B. İşcan Redistributive Land Reform and Structural Change in Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan, American Journal of Agricultural Economics 100, no.33 (Jan 2018): 732–761.https://doi.org/10.1093/ajae/aax093Krishna H. Koirala, Ashok Mishra, Samarendu Mohanty Impact of land ownership on productivity and efficiency of rice farmers: The case of the Philippines, Land Use Policy 50 (Jan 2016): 371–378.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2015.10.001Anietie Vincent Essien Poverty Alleviation and Fiscal Policy in Nigeria, SSRN Electronic Journal (Jan 2012).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2150475Keijiro Otsuka Chapter 51 Efficiency and Equity Effects of Land Markets, (Jan 2007): 2671–2703.https://doi.org/10.1016/S1574-0072(06)03051-9Supattra Cherdchuchai, Keijiro Otsuka Rural income dynamics and poverty reduction in Thai villages from 1987 to 2004, Agricultural Economics 35, no.s3s3 (Nov 2006): 409–423.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-0862.2006.00187.xJoseph A Silva Devolution and Regional Disparities in the Philippines: Is There a Connection?, Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 23, no.33 (Jun 2005): 399–417.https://doi.org/10.1068/c051Miet Maertens, Manfred Zeller, Regina Birner Does Technical Progress in Agriculture have a Forest Saving or a Forest Clearing Effect? Theory and Evidence from Central Sulawesi, (Jan 2004): 179–197.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-08237-9_10Keijiro Otsuka Role of agricultural research in poverty reduction: lessons from the Asian experience, Food Policy 25, no.44 (Aug 2000): 447–462.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-9192(00)00017-8Jonna P. Estudillo, Agnes R. Quisumbing, Keijiro Otsuka Income distribution in rice-growing villages during the post-Green Revolution periods: the Philippine case, 1985 and 1998, Agricultural Economics 25, no.11 (Jun 2008): 71–84.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-0862.2001.tb00236.x Jonna P. Estudillo and Keijiro Otsuka Green Revolution, Human Capital, and Off‐Farm Employment: Changing Sources of Income among Farm Households in Central Luzon, 1966–1994 Estudillo et al., Economic Development and Cultural Change 47, no.33 (Jul 2015): 497–523.https://doi.org/10.1086/452417Philip R. Gerson, Poverty, Income Distribution, and Economic Policy in the Philippines, IMF Working Papers 98, no.2020 (Jan 1998): 1.https://doi.org/10.5089/9781451922196.001Michael Lipton, Martin Ravallion Chapter 41 Poverty and policy, (Jan 1995): 2551–2657.https://doi.org/10.1016/S1573-4471(95)30018-XKeijiro Otsuka, Fe Gascon, Seki Asano Green revolution and labour demand in rice farming: The case of central Luzon, 1966–90, Journal of Development Studies 31, no.11 (Oct 1994): 82–109.https://doi.org/10.1080/00220389408422349Carol Vlassoff From rags to riches: The impact of rural development on women's status in an Indian village, World Development 22, no.55 (May 1994): 707–719.https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-750X(94)90045-0Keijiro Otsuka, Fe Gascon, Seki Asano ‘Second‐generation’ MVs and the evolution of the Green Revolution: the case of Central Luzon, 1966–90, Agricultural Economics 10, no.33 (May 1994): 283–295.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-0862.1994.tb00309.xAgnes R. Quisumbing Intergenerational transfers in Philippine rice villages, Journal of Development Economics 43, no.22 (Apr 1994): 167–195.https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3878(94)90003-5