Rice Bug Research Articles

Seasonal variations of insect abundance: Correlating growth stage-specific metrics with weather patterns in Rangpur Region, Bangladesh

The disclosure of insect occurrences correlating with meteorological data is pivotal in devising effective management strategies for rice fields. The study collected data on harmful and beneficial insects, along with meteorological variables, for three consecutive rice-growing seasons in 2021 and 2022. Month-wise insect distribution were delineated, with prominent species such as green leafhopper, brown planthopper, white-backed planthopper, rice whorl maggot, damselfly, parasitic wasps and green mirid bug observed consistently. Notably, most of the harmful insects were predominantly present during March–July and September–October. The spatial distribution, further segmented based on the rice-growing seasons, revealing the Aus season's preeminence in hosting harmful insects followed by Aman and Boro. The prevalence of most of the harmful insects were in tillering stage. Beneficial insects, displayed their dominance during specific months, growth stage, emphasizing their potential role in controlling harmful species and their prevalence were increased by increased of harmful insects. Furthermore, the study elucidated the correlation between climatic factors and insect abundance, emphasizing the role of temperature, rainfall and relative humidity. Temperature metrics and relative humidity manifested significant associations with several insects both harmful and beneficial species differently. While rainfall notably correlated with rice bug, short-horned grasshoppers, yellow stem borer, and non-significant association with other insects. The study underscored mutual dependencies between predator and prey species, emphasizing the ecological balance within the agricultural ecosystem. This comprehensive analysis indicated the need for integrated pest management strategies, considering both harmful and beneficial insect dynamics, to promote sustainable practices for optimizing rice production in changing climatic scenarios.

Identification of Pests, Diseases, and Nutrient Deficiencies in Rice (Oriza Sativa L.) Variety Sunggal

This study aims to identify pests, diseases and nutrient deficiencies in the Sunggal variety of rice (Oriza sativa L.). This research was conducted in June 2023. The research location was carried out in rice fields belonging to farmers in Sidorejo Hamlet, Polokarto District, Sukoharjo Regency. This research is descriptive qualitative by making direct observations or observations on rice fields, interviews and literature. The results showed that there were 7 pests that attacked this single variety rice plant, consisting of 5 pests from the insect class (insects), 1 from the mollusk class, and 1 from the aves class. Pests caused by insects (insects), namely: rice bug (Leptocorisa oryzae), ground bed bug (Scotinophara coarctata), white rice stem borer (Scirpophaga innotata Walker), armyworm (Spodoptera litura), grasshopper (Oxya servile). Caused by molluscs, namely the golden snail (Pomacea canaliculate) and caused by birds, namely sparrows (Lonchura sp). While there are 6 caused by diseases, namely caused by fungi/fungi there are 5 and caused by bacteria there is 1. Among those caused by fungi/fungus namely: brown leaf spot on rice (Helminthosporium oryzae), narrow brown leaf spot on rice (Cercospora oryzae), stem rot in rice (Sclerottium oryzae), rice leaf blight (Rhizotonia solani) and leaf blast (Pyricularia grisea). Caused by bacteria, namely bacterial leaf blight of rice (bacteria: Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae). Then lastly there is one that is caused by a lack of nutrients, namely: potassium deficiency.

Effect of Jackfruit Leaf Extract (Artocarpus heterophyllus) on Sitophilus oryzae Mortality and Rice Quality.

Sitophilus oryzae is an insect pest known for its destructive impact on rice crops. Chemical pesticides continue to be employed for the prevention of Sitophilus oryzae. The aforementioned phenomenon exerts adverse effects, notably in the form of human intoxication. Hence, one alternate approach to address the issue involves utilizing a preparation derived from the leaves of the jackfruit tree. The leaves of the jackfruit tree are known to possess many bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, saponins, and tannins, which have insecticidal properties. Hence, the objectives of this study are to investigate the impact of jackfruit leaf extract on the mortality rate of rice insects and to evaluate the quality of rice. The study was carried out in the Biology Laboratory of the Faculty of Education and Teacher Training at the Tadulako University. The study employed a research strategy known as a completely randomized design (CRD), which included five treatments. Each treatment was repeated in four biological and ten technical replicates. The treatments were as follows: treatment A served as the control and involved the use of Bestrin forte, treatment B involved the application of a 10% jackfruit leaf extract, treatment C involved the application of a 20% jackfruit leaf extract, treatment D involved the application of a 30% jackfruit leaf extract, and treatment E involved the application of a 40% jackfruit leaf extract. Every treatment was administered through spraying to all ten insects and that was repeated four times. The data collected were subjected to analysis using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and supported by the SPSS-25 software. The findings of the study indicated that the application of jackfruit leaf extract (Artocarpus heterophyllus) at specific time intervals (20th, 40th, and 60th minutes) resulted in a noteworthy impact on the death rate of rice beetles. Furthermore, the extracts successfully preserved the olfactory attributes of the rice, ensuring its quality. Nevertheless, their ability to uphold the standard of the rice in relation to its color and flavor was inadequate. The efficacy of the jackfruit leaf extract in eradicating rice bugs was found to be highest when applied at a concentration of 40%.

Smart Rice Box - The Prototype of Organic Rice Storage Anti-Rice Weevil for Food Security during Pandemic

The need for organic rice among the people continues to increase in line with the declining level of public health due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Consuming organic rice is one way to maintain body immunity, but organic rice is susceptible to attack by Sitophilus Oryzae L, a type of rice weevil which is the main pest in postharvest commodities. Proper storage of rice is one way to address food security during a pandemic. In this study, a prototype of an anti-rice weevil (Sytophilus Oryzae L) organic rice storage was made using a Raspberry Pi controller and several additional sensors such as a camera sensor and temperature and humidity sensors. UV Hydroponic Lamp and LED Grow Light are used to reduce the growth rate of rice bugs during storage. The results showed that the whole system was running well and the rice bugs on rice were drastically reduced within 36 hours and 18 minutes of storage.

Egg parasitoid wasps of the rice bug, <i>Leptocorisa chinensis</i> (Hemiptera: Alydidae) in the southern part of Shiga Prefecture

The rice bug, Leptocorisa chinensis (Hemiptera: Alydidae) is a pest insect that feeds on rice ears, resulting in pecky rice. We collected the eggs of rice bugs in grassland overgrown with gramineous plants on July 17 and 24, 2018, in the southern part of Shiga Prefecture, and then investigated the species of egg parasitoids. Four species of egg parasitoids, Hadronotus japonicus and H. nigricornis (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) and Ooencyrtus nezarae and O. acastus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), emerged from the eggs of rice bugs. Two species of wasps considered to be dominant, namely, H. japonicus and O. nezarae, exhibited high percentages of parasitism. Our study also recorded O. acastus parasitizing L. chinensis eggs for the first time in the literature.

Tachinid parasite of the rice bug, <i>Leptocorisa chinensis</i> Dallas (Hemiptera: Alydidae) and its parasitism rate

We collected the adults of the rice bug, Leptocorisa chinensis (Hemiptera: Alydidae) from fields, from June to September in 2021 and 2022. We identified the species of tachinid flies parasitizing the adult rice bugs and investigated the seasonal changes in the parasitism rate. We also examined the parasitism of rice bug nymphs by tachinid flies. Adult bugs were confirmed to be parasitized by the tachinid fly, Clairvilliops breviforceps (Diptera: Tachinidae). The parasitism rate remained low throughout the survey period, reaching a maximum of approximately 23%. We could not clarify the parasitism of rice bug nymphs by the tachinid fly.

Spesies Serangga Hama Padi dan Jagung serta Intensitas Serangannya di Kabupaten Lahat

Insect pest attack on rice (Oryza sativa L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) could be potential in decrease production. This study aims to determine the insect pest species of rice and maize and attack intensity in Lahat District. This study was conducted using survey methods. The systematic random sampling methodology was adopted for sample population identification. Surveys were conducted in 3 subdistricts (Jarai, Pajar Bulan and Sukamerindu). Found three rice insect pests species. The third species was rice stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulas), leaf folder (Cnaphalocrosis medinalis) and rice bug (Leptocorisa sp). Found one maize insect pest species was fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda). S. incertulas has attacked in 7 locations with low-intensity, Leptocorisa sp has attacked in 2 locations with low-intensity, C. medinalis has attacked in 1 location with low-intensity and S. frugiperda has attacked in 4 locations with low-intensity. Rice stem borer and fall armyworm can attack crop from the vegetative to generative phase.

Farmers’ Efficiency in Using Selected Pesticides for Controlling Rice Pests

Farmers’ efficiency in using pesticides depends on using recommended doses. The research was conducted to determine farmers’ efficiency in using selected pesticides for controlling rice pests and explore the contribution of selected characteristics of the farmers to their efficiency in using selected pesticides for controlling rice pests. Data were collected from randomly selected 252 Common Interest Group (CIG) Member rice farmers of three selected unions of three selected upazillas of Brahmanbaria district of Bangladesh with the help of a pre-tested interview schedule during the period from 01 August 2022 to 30 November 2022. Findings revealed that 38.97% farmers were the efficient users of recommended doses and rest 61.03% farmers had lower to moderate efficiency in using pesticides for controlling rice pests. Based on descending order of Standardized Use Efficiency Index, ‘Gola 80 EC for killing rice bug’ ranked 1st followed by ‘Amistar Top 325 SC for controlling sheath blight disease’, and ‘Thiovit 80 WG for controlling leaf scald disease’. Regression analysis indicated that ‘knowledge on pesticides’, ‘rice farming experience’, ‘extension contacts’, ‘attitude towards use of pesticides’, ‘rice farming area’, and ‘pre-cautions for using pesticides’ of the farmers had significant positive contribution to their efficiency in using selected pesticides for controlling rice pests. Agricultural advisory service providing organizations should increasing contact with the farmers having lower farming experience, lower farming area to increase their knowledge for taking necessary pre-cautions and to form favourable attitude towards judicious and efficient use of pesticides.

PENGARUH PEMANFAATAN DAUN PANDAN WANGI (Pandanus Amarillyfolius) DAN BATANG SERAI (Andropogon nardus) SEBAGAI INSEKTISIDA ALAMI PEMBASMI KUTU BERAS (Sitophylus oryzae)

This study aims to determine whether there is an effective effect of fragrant pandan leaf powder (Pandanus amarillyfolius) and lemongrass stems (Andropogon nardus) as natural insecticides on the optimal death of rice bugs (Sitophylus oryzae). This research is an experimental research conducted in the biology laboratory of Patompo University. The experiment was designed using a completely randomized design (CRD) with the concentration of pandan leaf powder (P.amarillifolius) and lemongrass stem (A.nardus) which were varied, namely P0 (0), P1 (60 gram fragrant pandan leaf powder), P2 (60gram lemongrass stem powder), P3 (60gr fragrant pandan leaf powder + 60gr lemongrass stem powder). Based on the results of the study for rice flea mortality, it can be seen that the average of each concentration is P0 (0%), P1 = 56.7%, P2=66.7%, and P3 = 73.3%. Of these concentrations, it can be seen that the best concentration as a natural insecticide for rice flea mortality is P3 with an average mortality of 73.3%. Based on the results of the analysis, it can be seen that the value of F count> F table (6.333> 5.14) or sig value <0.05 (0.033 <0.05), so it can be concluded that H0 is rejected, which means that there is a significant effect of utilizing fragrant pandanus leaves and lemongrass stems as a natural insecticide against rice fleas. So it can be said that fragrant pandanus leaf powder (P.amarillyfolius) and lemongrass stems (A.nardus) can have an effective effect and as a natural insecticide against the death of rice fleas (S.oryzae).Keywords: Pandanus amarillyfolius, Andropogon nardu, Sitophylus oryzae

Level Attacks of Slender Rice Bug (Leptocorisa Oratorius) in Tanah Miring District, Merauke Regency Papua

The slender rice bug ( Leptocorisa oratorius ) is an important pest in Merauke Regency because it can cause a decrease in rice production. Rice plants that are attacked by this pest will produce rice with poor quality, because the color becomes black spots and can calcify. This study aims to determine the level of attack and population density of L . oratorius in the Tanah Miring Merauke District, Papua Province. The method used in this research was purposive sampling. Determination of sampling locations by selecting a paddy field with a minimum size of 1250 m2 on one rice field per variety, then determining 9 sampling points. Sampling of the slender rice bug used an insect net with a diameter of 40 cm which was carried out in 1 double swing at each point measuring 1 x 1 m. The results showed that the average intensity of damage caused by stink bugs in Tanah Miring District was 13.78%. The highest average population density was in Waninggap Miraf village with 46.6 individuals, Yasamulya village, Isanombias village with 44.33 individuals, Yabamaru village with 38.66 individuals, Bersehati village with 38.33 and the lowest was Amunkay village with 30 individuals. While the population average in each observation was highest in the second observation or 55 HST of 46.4 individuals followed by the first observation or 45 HST of 37.4 individuals and the last observation or 65 HST of 29.8 individuals. The most preferred type of variety by the stink bug was Impari 32 (19.76%). Monitoring the development of the slender rice bug population is necessary to prevent the possibility of a population explosion so that it can be controlled earlier.

Effects of Kappaphycus Drippings (KD) Foliar Fertilizer on the Growth and Yield Performance of Rice (Oryza sativa)

Rice (Oryza sativa) is a vital staple food crop in more than 60 percent of the world, and around 430 million metric tons of rice are consumed worldwide. Moreover, to reduce synthetic fertilizer use while keeping rice production on track, the researchers decided to conduct a study on Kappaphycus drippings (K.D.) foliar fertilizer in rice production at Brgy. Mangayon, Compostela, Davao de Oro from July to December 2019 to determine the effects of different rates of synthetic fertilizer (S.F.) supplemented with Kappaphycus drippings (K.D.) foliar fertilizer on the growth and yield performance of rice and the return of cost production (RPC). Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was used in the experiment, with six treatments replicated four times. The six treatments were as follows T1 - 100% SF (Control), T2 - 90% SF + KD, T3 - 80% SF + KD, T4 - 70% SF + KD, T5 - 60% SF + KD and T6 - 50% SF + KD. The experimental plot has a 4 x 4-meter dimension. The study results showed that K.D. foliar fertilizer positively impacted rice plants' growth performance, particularly on the plant height, leaf color index (LCI), and the number of tillers and productive tillers per hill and, at the same time, reduced the rice bug population. Furthermore, rice yield was positively influenced by K.D. foliar fertilizer and increased return on production cost despite the lesser rates of synthetic fertilizer (S.F.).

Uji Pengaruh Pestisida Nabati Menggunakan Ekstrak Daun Sirsak (Annona muricata) terhadap Walang Sangit (Leptocorisa oratorius)

Vegetable pesticides are chemical compounds derived from plants that are used to eradicate Plant Destruction Organisms (OPT) in the form of pests and plant diseases as well as plant pests (weeds). Walang sangit ( Leptcorisa oratorius F.) is a nuisance insect or pest that often damages cultivated plants. This pest can damage almost all types of plants. The purpose of testing vegetable pesticides using soursop leaf extract ( Annona muricata ) is to determine the effectiveness of vegetable pesticides using the extract method from soursop leaves ( Annona muricata ) against rice bugs ( Leptocorisa oratori us F.) on rice plants. The application of different concentrations of botanical pesticides (60 ml/L, 70 ml/L, and 90 ml/L) and different treatments, namely in the morning, afternoon and evening. The results obtained were in treatment A1 with a concentration of 60ml/liter died faster than other treatments and concentrations. The uneven death of walang sangit can be caused by several things such as age differences, lack of oxygen, as well as food and drinks available in plastic cups.

Does solar light trap reduce the cost of pesticides used in rice field?

Pesticide application against insect pest infestation is environmentally unsafe and costly. An attempt was taken to evaluate the solar light trap as ecofriendly and cost-effective approach in Transplanted Aman rice (BRRI dhan32) field at Barhatta Upazila (Sub-district) in Netrokona district of Bangladesh. It was found that rice pest like Rice yellow stem borer, Rice leaf roller, Green leaf hopper, Brown plant hopper, Rice leaf miner, Rice gall midge, White leafhopper, Rice bug, Rice ear cutting caterpillar, White-backed planthopper, Rice caseworm, Grasshopper, Rice skipper and Rice beetle were the major insects that captured under the solar light traps. Some beneficial insects were also attracted by the trap these were Ladybird beetle, Water scavenger, Giant water bug, Ground beetle, Rove beetle, Damsel fly. All the harmful and the beneficial insects were belonging the order of Lepidoptera, Hemiptera, Orthoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera and Odonata. Though the mean yield of rice was statistically insignificant in both fields, the light trap installed fields required the less frequency of pesticides than the control fields which ultimately rendered the low pesticides cost in a great extent. On an average 1,034 BDT was reduced in per hectare. SAARC J. Agric., 20(1): 171-183 (2022)

Effect of Doses of Lecanicillium Lecanii on the Controlling of Rice Bug in Rice Plants

Bug is an important pest of rice plants because it can reduce the quality and quantity of production, so it is essential to control its population. One of the efforts to control rice bugs is to use the biological agent Lecanicillium lecanii because it does not cause resistance and is not harmful to human health. This study aims to determine the effect of the number of doses of Lecanicillium lecanii application in controlling the pest population of walang sangit (rice bugs) in rice cultivation. The research method used a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatment doses of the biological agent Lecanicillium lecanii with a rank of 9 x 107. P0 without biological agent treatment, P1 = using a biological agent with a dose of 10 ml.L-1 of water, P2 = using biological agent with a doses of 12.5 ml.L-1 of water, P3 = using biological agent with a dose of 15 ml.L-1 of water, and. Each treatment was repeated 4 times. The results of the study The application dose of 15 ml.L-1 gave the best results, and this is in accordance with the recommendations of BBPOPT Jatisari that the application dose of Lecanicillium lecanii is 15 ml.L-1 .

Pengaruh Variasi Konsentrasi Larutan Buah Maja (Aegle Marmelos) Sebagai Insektisida Alami Dalam Mengendalikan Walang Sangit (Leptocorisa Acuta) Di Desa Rancak Lombok Tengah

The use of synthetic insecticides can cause environmental pollution problems and can make pests resistant. For this reason, other alternatives are sought in the form of natural insecticides. This study aims to determine the effect of the concentration of maja fruit solution as a natural insecticide in suppressing rice bugs that land on rice plants and suppressing damage to rice grains. This study used RAL with 4 treatments, namely a concentration of 40%, 50% 60% and control and 5 replications. The samples used were ± 200 walang sangit tails. The results obtained showed that the maja fruit solution with a concentration of 60% had an effect on suppressing the walang sangit that landed on an average of 1 head and suppressing the damage of rice grains with an average of 10 grains of rice. So the results obtained indicate that the concentration of the maja fruit solution has an effect on controlling the walang sangit.

Occurrence of the Rice Bug, Leptocorisa chinensis, on the South Coast of Iwate Prefecture

Occurrence of the Rice Bug, <i>Leptocorisa chinensis</i>, on the South Coast of Iwate Prefecture

Biodiversity And Arthropod Abundance In Organic Semi Rice In Swamp Lowland in Palangka Raya City

Palangka Raya has the potential for swamp lowland to be used for rice farming. For this purpose, knowledge of arthropod biodiversity is required. The study aims to determine the biodiversity and abundance of arthropods and arthropods dominant in semi-organic rice plantations in swamp lowlands. The study was conducted from September to November 2019 in Palangka Raya City. The study was carried out on 1.148m2 farmer's paddy fields. The land is divided into three trial plots, each measuring 28x13 m2. Observations were made at the age of 8-15 WAP. Samples were taken using a net trap (Sweep net). Arthropod biodiversity was analyzed using the Shannon-Weaver diversity index (H'). The results showed that in the semi-organic rice ecosystem were obtained 10 orders, 58 families with a total of 8973 individuals, consisting of pests 92.61%, predators 6.59%, parasitoids 0.28%, pollinators 0.06%, Detrivore 0.35%, and 0.07% neutral insects. Diversity index (H') is low to moderate (0.10-2.19), dominance index (C) is in the low to high (0.18-0.97); Evenness index shows that the community is depressed until unstable (0.04-0.67); and The abundance index on the criteria of less to very much (8.96-25.03). The dominant arthropods are dominated by the Rice bug (Leptocorisa acuta).

Food sources of common carp in a Hani Terrace integrated rice-fish system (Yunnan Province, China)

Integrated rice-carp farming is commonly employed on Hani terraces in China. However, the altitude within a Hani terrace can vary greatly, and thus the solutions for such a farming approach must vary with altitude. Research on common carp food sources in an integrated rice-carp farm at different altitudes helps to understand the food requirements of carp across periods and provides guidance for production. In this study, the composition of eukaryotic food sources of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) growing on Hani rice terraces at low and high altitudes (570 m and 1840 m) from May to August 2019 was surveyed by high-throughput DNA sequencing. The 18 s v4 gene sequences were amplified to provide 2243,095 valid reads and 2485 operational taxonomic units. In addition, the relative abundance of the gut contents of each food source varied by month and altitude. Chlorella, Necator, Oedogonium, Oryza and Scenedesmus were the dominant C. carpio food sources at the high altitude, while Chironomus, Gieysztoria, Scenedesmus, Oryza, and Lemna were the dominant species at the low altitude. The Lemna biomass identified in the C. carpio gut contents in the low altitude terrace decreased from 39.75% in June to 0.05% in August, while the Oryza biomass increased with time. The Oryza biomass observed in the gut contents of C. carpio growing in high and low altitude terraced fields increased with time. Rice pests, including the rice gall midge, rice bugs, nematodes, and chironomid larvae were found in the stomachs of C. carpio in the high and low altitude terraced fields. The maximum proportion of chironomid larvae in the gut contents of C. carpio in the low altitude terraces reached 39.29%, while the maximum proportion of nematodes was 5.38%. However, only chironomid larvae and nematodes were found in the gut contents of C. carpio growing in the high altitude terrace, reaching maximum proportions of 0.17% and 3.63%, respectively. Furthermore, a variety of rice pests were detected in the gut contents of C. carpio, indicating that C. carpio effectively preyed on rice pests and reduced rice diseased in the integrated rice-carp farming terraces.

Intraspecific variations in life history traits of two pecky rice bug species from Japan: Mapping emergence dates and number of annual generations.

The mirid bugs Stenotus rubrovittatus and Trigonotylus caelestialium, which cause pecky rice, have become a threat to rice cultivation in Asia. Damage caused by these pests has rapidly become frequent since around 2000 in Japan. Their expansion pattern is not simple, and predicting their future spread remains challenging. Some insects with wide ranges have locally adapted variations in life‐history traits. We performed laboratory rearing experiments to assess the geographical scale of intraspecific variations in life‐history traits of S. rubrovittatus and T. caelestialium. The experiments were aimed at increasing the accuracy of occurrence estimates and the number of generations per year. These results were compared with previous research, and differences in development rates were observed between populations of different latitudes, but not of the same latitude. Finally, plotting the timing of adult emergence and the potential number of generations per year on maps with a 5‐km grid revealed that they differed greatly locally at the same latitude. These maps can be used for developing more efficient methods of managing mirid bugs in integrated pest management.

Identifikasi Serangan Serangga Hama di Pertanaman Padi (Oryza Sativa L.) di Lahan Persawahan Tinggarjaya

Rice crops is included into the family of Graminae that produces seeds from China. Rice Plant is the crops that produce rice, consumed approximately by 90 % from the whole citizens of Indonesia as the main food. This study aims to identify indect pest attacks in rice plantations in Tinggarjaya rice fields. From the results of the research that has been carried out, various kinds of insect pests were found in the Tinggarjaya rice fields. The main pests found were brown planthopper (N. Iguens), rice bug (Leptocorixa acuta), green grasshopper (Oxya serville), ground bedbug (Scotinophara coarctata F.), seed fly (Atherigona exigua), false white pest (Nymphula depunctalis guene), and green grasshopper (Atractomorpha crenulata). Each pest a different population density. Not all pests can be found at every stage of rice plant growth. The largest pest population was found in the generative stage.