Compensation is a mechanism by which the X-chromosome nucleolus organizer region of Drosophila melanogaster can increase its ribosomal DNA content up to twofold. It occurs in somatic cells under specific genetic conditions and is mediated by a defined genetic site, the compensatory response locus. The In- and various type I ribosomal DNA repeat units were separated by restriction endonuclease digestion. Comparison of the percentages of these repeat unit types between compensating and noncompensating genotypes showed the same distribution. Therefore no selective amplification of these repeat unit types occurs during ribosomal DNA compensation. These results demonstrate that two processes of rDNA amplification in somatic cells, compensation and independent rDNA polytenization, are exclusive events.