Ribbon Fish Research Articles

Preparation, characterization, and application of pH-responsive biodegradable intelligent indicator film based on rose anthocyanins

An intelligent pH-responsive indicator film (CA/CMC/RA) was fabricated by blending carrageenan (CA), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), and rose anthocyanin (RA). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed the formation of hydrogen bonds between CA/CMC and RA. X-ray diffraction analysis demonstrated that the addition of RA enhanced the crystallinity of CA/CMC films. The incorporation of RA altered the microstructure of CA/CMC composite films, resulting in a roughened surface. RA improved the a*, b*, thickness, opacity, and water vapor permeability of CA/CMC/RA films. Moreover, the addition of RA increased the elongation at break, while decreasing the tensile strength. RA significantly increased the antioxidant capacity of CA/CMC films. Furthermore, CA/CMC/RA films exhibited pH-responsiveness, showcasing distinct color changes in different buffer solutions. In the application test, the CA/CMC/RA indicator film was used as a label to monitor the freshness of the ribbon fish stored at 4 °C. The results indicated that the film's color changed from pink to yellow upon spoilage. The observations were consistent with the TVB-N value, which exceeded the set limit (30 mg/100g). Hence, the novel indicator film can serve as a food freshness indicator material.

UTILIZATION OF GILLNET CATCHES FISHERMEN OF MATANG RAYEUK VILLAGE, NUSANTARA FISHERY PORT, EAST ACEH

The purpose of this community service is to determine the composition of the main and by-catch of gill nets and the size of the catch. This community service was carried out during April 2023 at PPN Idi Rayeuk, Matang Rayeuk Pedawa Puntong Village, East Aceh Regency. The data collection method used was obtained from primary data (surveys and interviews) which included the type, quantity, size, and weight of the gill net catch and secondary data can be obtained from scientific references books, journals, theses and dissertations). The data analysis used was the analysis of the composition of the catch and the analysis of the size of the catch. The results of the community service showed that the composition of the main catch of the gill net at a mesh size of 1¼ inches was tembang fish, at a mesh size of 2 inches was ribbon fish and at a mesh size of 3 inches was kapasan/kerot-kerot and kwee fish. By-catch with a net size of 1¼ inches is jackfruit seed fish (upeneus moluccensis), kurisi (nempiterus hexodon), petek (leiognathus equulus), yellow trevally (Atule mate), saurida (Saurida undosquamis), swanggi (Priacanthus hamrur), next (Psettodes erumei), parang-parang (chirocentrus dorab), tetengkek (megalaspis cordyla). ) and layur (trichiurus Sp.A). Next, at a mesh size of 2 inches, namely talang fish (scomberoides tala), diles (johnius carouna), petek (leiognathus equulus), moon (Megalops cyprinoides), machete (chirocentrus dorab), jackfruit (upeneus moluccensis), kurisi (nempiterus hexodon), kwee (carangoides armatus), tetengkek (megalaspis cordyla), gerot-gerot ( Pomadasys kaakan), kerong-kerong (Terapon Jarbua), and alu-alu (Sphyraena genie). Then at the 3 inch mesh size, namely the kapasan/kerot-kerot fish (Pomadasys argenteus), talang (scomberoides tala), petek (leiognathus equulus), kuro (Polydacctylus microstoma), diles (johnius carouna), parang-parang (chirocentrus dorab), mackerel (Scomberomorus Commerson), kapas (Gerres filamentosus), and tetengkek (megalaspis cordyla). The catch at the 1¼ and 2 inch mesh sizes is said to be not yet suitable for catching, while the 3 inch mesh size is said to be suitable for catching.

Length-weight relationship and condition factors of Lepturacanthus savala in Lampung Bay, Indonesia

Abstract. Julian D, Reza M, Putra MGA. 2024. Length-weight relationship and condition factors of Lepturacanthus savala in Lampung Bay, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 510-515. Scarce information exists regarding the growth aspects of ribbon fish (Lepturacanthus savala Cuvier, 1829) in Lampung Bay waters. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the growth characteristics as fundamental information for managing L. savala fishery resources in the waters of Lampung Bay. The method of this quantitative and descriptive study was to analyze the growth of L. savala. Length, weight, and sex ratio data were acquired through a purposive sampling method based on the catch results from gillnet landings at Lempasing Fishing Port, Bandar Lampung. A total of 347 specimens were collected during data collection from May to August 2023, with a length range between 21.6-59.8 cm of total length (TL) and the highest frequency observed in the length interval class of 33-36 cm, consisting of 105 specimens. The results showed that the growth pattern of L. savala is positively allometric, with a value of b equal to 3.0915. The sex ratio between males and females is 1:2.4. The condition factor values ranged from 0.0442 to 2.9281, with the highest average value observed in June for males and females, reaching 1.03.

Bacterial Pathogens in Processed Frozen Fish Samples from Pune City

Amongst non-vegetarian foods, fish foods include various alive and preserved fishes. The preserved fish and their products include loose and packaged salted, dried and frozen. The frozen fishes and their products are mainly export grade and in very little quantity they are used in local markets. Many times such processed frozen fishes are rejected due to presence of undesirable microorganisms and pathogens. In the present study processed frozen fish samples from local market of Pune city were collected and used for detection and isolation of bacterial pathogens. The fish samples collected were L-Sardine (Sardinella longiceps), Mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta), Croaker (Johnius spp.), Ribbon fish (Lepturacanthus savali), Lizard fish (Nodus indicus), Itoyori (Nemipterus peroni) and L-Jacket (Oligoplites saurus). The enrichment and selective media were used to detect and isolate the pathogens in the processed frozen fish samples collected. The bacterial pathogens found in these fish samples were E. coli, Salmonella paratyphi-B, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The attention is needed to control and remove such pathogens from food as it is alarming at safety point of view of consumers.

Market demand of conventional and non-conventional fish species and price comparison between BFDC landing center and two popular fish markets, the Baharchora and Borobazar, in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh

The study of conventional (common commercial fish species which is consumed by people in Bangladesh like Seabass,Ribbon fish, Hilsha, Bombay ducketc.) and non-conventional (fish species which is consumed by people in Bangladesh like Milk shark, Stingrayetc.) fish species at BFDC landing center was conducted to know the current condition of fish, their market demand, prices and price difference between BFDC landing center and two popular fish market Baharchora and Borobazar. There were about 32 varietiesof conventional fish species and most common were Seabass,Ribbon fish, Hilsha,Bombay duck, Mackerel, Silver pomfret, Red snapper, etc. The average price for most demandable fish were Hilsha (TK. 600-1000 kg), Silver pomfret(TK. 550-900 kg), Seabass (TK.500- 650 kg),Bombay duck(TK. 100 kg), Ribbon fish (TK. 300 kg) which varied with size and season. There were about 20 species of non- conventional fish includingMilk shark, Stingray,Long Tung Sole,Mud spiny lobster, Mud crab etc. observed. Milk sharkand Dog shark was common at the landing center. Their average size and weight were 1-2 feet and 1-3 kg which were sold for TK. 120-140 kg. The regular price of Stingray was TK.180-220 kg at the landing center with average weight of 2-8 kg. Normally marketing channel of both fish was maintained by middle men. A large number of fish from the landing center was sold to them by auction. The landing center is the common place from where local fish seller collects fish and sell by for around 15-25% of the profit. Usually, unsold raw fishes were preserved in the freezer and rests were sold to dry fish processors mainly in Nazirartek. The study shows a variation of conventional and non-conventional fish species, their price, and market demand in Cox’s Bazar region.

Fish availability, marketing system and value chain analysis of some important commercial marine species at local markets of Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh

The diversity of fish is crucial for aquatic resources of Bangladesh to be sustainable in the future. Fish biodiversity is threatened by stresses brought on by overfishing, climate change, habitat loss, eutrophication, and pollution. In order to make recommendations for effective management of a fish marketing system in Cox's Bazar, this research was created to look at the availability of fish species, marketing channels, value chain analyses, and constraints connected with three fish marketplaces. Primary data were collected by using questionnaire interviews, Participatory Rural Appraisals (PRA) and cross-check interviews with key informants from Kolatoli, Baharchara, Boro Bazar fish markets for almost two months from the midway of September 2021 to November 2021. Data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel Software. A total number of 96 fish and shellfish species were recorded during the study period in the three fish markets of Cox’s Bazar. Fish market was dominated by the Hilsa fishes (22%) followed by pomfret (14%), seabass (11%), Bombay Duck (9%), Ribbon Fish (8%), Croaker (8%), Tuna (7%) and other species. Hilsa was dominated in the studied market because all of the markets are located in the Southern coastal belt. Among freshwater fishes, species such as Kajuli, Bheda, Gulsha tengra, Tara baim, Shal baim, Tit punti, Rani, Lomba chanda were rare and Gura tengra, Guchi baim, Kakila, Darkina, Dhela, Gutum were very rare in the market due to inadequate supply. Price of Golda chingri (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) (600-1200 tk/kg) and large size Hilsha (800-1200) were always high in all of the three markets. In the distribution channel of the fish trade, three tiers of market or marketing systems were observed: primary, secondary and final consuming markets. The landing area's main attraction was the primary market. Following the primary and secondary markets, the consumer market had a substantially larger marketing margin and revenue. Inadequate ice facilities as well as lack of preservation facilities were highlighted as the key problem at three fish markets in Cox's Bazar during the current study.

Present status of traditional dry fish processing and marketing, and assessment of socio-economic status of dry fish processors in Nazirartek, Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh

The aim of this study was to examine the existing production procedure of traditionally dried marine fish, their marketing system, and estimate the profit margin of different actors involved in the marketing chain along with the socio-economic status of the dried fish producers in Nazirartek, Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh. Data were collected through questionnaire interviews. It was found that 23 marine fish species were used to produce dried fish which continues from in mid-October to the end of midFebruary. The wholesale or retail markets prices of those products varied on the basis of species, size and quality of the end product. The retail price per kg dried Chinese pomfret (Pampus chinensis), Ribbon fish (Trichiurus haumela), Bombay duck (Harpadon nehereus) and, Indian threadfin (Leptomelanosoma indicum), ranged from BDT 300-500, 350-1400, 400- 850 and, 1500-3200, respectively. Maximum (29.41%) gross margin was calculated for dried Loytta and, minimum (10%) for dried Indian white shrimp (Chaga chingri). Several marketing problems were identified including lack of capital, higher transportation cost, storage problem, lower market demand and higher loan interest rate. Policy level intervention including financing producers was recommended to tackle the non-institutional money lenders.

Consumer Preference for the Ready-to-eat Fish and Shrimp Balachao: A Potential Value-added Fishery Product for Bangladesh

Fish and shrimp-based value-added products of Bangladesh have great potential in the food markets. A panel test was conducted on ready-to-eat shrimp and fish products, called the Balachao, with 60 respondents of different ages and genders to evaluate consumer preference. Twenty participants were chosen from each of the three age classes: less than 20, 20-40, and above 40 years, with a 1:1 ratio for males and females. Three groups of products were prepared: dried shrimp (A), Bombay duck fish (B), and ribbon fish (C). Each product group had three unique recipe codes with different dried fish and shrimp percentages. The proximate composition was analyzed to determine the nutritional value of the products. Participants' feedback on external appearance, taste, odor, juiciness, crispness, price and overall acceptability was collected through a questionnaire, categorized, and statistically analyzed. Recipes A2 (50% shrimp), B2 (50% Bombay duck), and C2 (50% ribbon fish) obtained the highest mean scores for each evaluation criterion, and they were significantly different from the other recipes (p 0.05). The study revealed that recipes A2, B2, and C2 had good acceptability to consumers and could be potential value-added fishery products in Bangladesh. The findings of this study will contribute to the field of consumer behavior and market potential for value-added fishery products.

Dried fish more prone to microplastics contamination over fresh fish – Higher potential of trophic transfer to human body

Globally, microplastics (MPs) contamination in aquatic organisms is emerging as an alarming phenomenon. In the present study, we investigated MPs in three commercially important fishes (Bombay duck Harpadon nehereus, ribbon fish Trichiurus lepturus and hairfin anchovy Setipinna phasa) in fresh and dried conditions collected from two sites (Chattogram and Kuakata) of the Bay of Bengal. It was evident that fresh T. lepturus ingested highest amount of MPs through the gills (6.41 mps/g) from Chattogram followed by in the gastrointestinal tract, GIT (6.20 mps/g) and in the muscle (1.20 mps/g) from Kuakata. Among the fresh fishes, H. nehereus from Kuakata accumulated highest amount of MPs (0.21 mps/g), while S. phasa from Kuakata contained the least amount of MPs (0.06 mps/g). On the other hand, among the dried fishes, T. lepturus from Kuakata contained highest amount of MPs (46.00 mps/g), while S. phasa from Kuakata retained lowest amount of MPs (2.17 mps/g). Strangely, all the dried fishes showed significantly higher amount of MPs compared to fresh fishes from both the locations. Fiber was the most dominant type of shape of MPs which accounted 66 %, followed by fragment (27.38 %), microbeads (3.59 %), film (1.48 %), foam (1.31 %) and pellet (0.25 %). Size-wise, the major portion (39.66 %) of MPs was present to be in size range less than 0.5 mm followed by 37.67 % in the size range of 0.5–1.0 mm group and rest 22.67 % within 1.0–5.0 mm. Red (41.55 %) colored MPs was the most prominent, followed by brown (22.11 %), blue (16.32 %), pink (11.69 %), purple (5.10 %), and green (2.25 %). Among polymer types, low-density polyethylene (LDPE) was the most common (38 %), followed by polystyrene (PS-22 %), polyvinyl chloride (PVC-16 %), polyamide (PA-13 %) and ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA-9 %). The present study confirms high occurrence of MPs in the dried fishes over the fresh fishes from the Bay of Bengal, with high potential of trophic transfer to the human body.

Molecular Identification of Ribbon Fish (Eupleurogrammus Sp.) Using Partial Sequence of Mitochondrial COI Gene

Dry fish is considered as a delicacy in the menu of many people of Bangladesh. The most economically important marine and freshwater dried fishes are ribbon fish, bombay duck, olive barb, pomfret, shrimp, etc. In this study, fresh ribbon fish sample was collected from Cox's Bazar and morphologically identified as ribbon fish. The collected fish was confirmed through a molecular technique using mitochondrial COI gene (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) to avoid morphological ambiguity, which is first reported data from Bangladesh. Partial sequence of this COI gene was amplified using a genus specific universal primer set. The target nucleotide sequence of COI gene was determined successfully with 616 bp length and the ribbon fish was identified as Eupleurogrammus sp. Within the amplified region GC and AT content were 45.5% and 54.5%, respectively. 16.88% interspecific polymorphism was observed when compared with other species under genus Eupleurogrammus collected from Gen Bank database. This sequence will be used as molecular bar code for authentic identification of Eupleurogrammus sp. at genus level. Bangladesh J. Zool. 50 (2): 231-238, 2022

Physicochemical properties and angiotensin-I converting enzyme inhibitory activity of lipid-free ribbon fish (Lepturacanthus savala) protein hydrolysate.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13197-022-05620-z.

Prevalence of S. aureus and/or MRSA from seafood products from Indian seafood products

Compared to the clinical sector, the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the food sector is relatively low. However, their presence in seafood is a significant public health concern. In India, fish and fishery products are maximally manually handled compared to other food products. In this study, 498 fish samples were collected under various conditions (fresh, chilled or dressed) and representatives from their surroundings. These samples were screened for the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus, determining its antimicrobial resistance, MRSA and genetic profile. It is observed that 15.0% and 3.0% of the total samples were screened positive for S. aureus and MRSA, respectively. The S. aureus strain MRSARF-10 showed higher resistance to linezolid, co-trimoxazole, cefoxitin, ofloxacin, gentamicin, rifampicin, ampicillin/sulbactam and Piperacillin–tazobactam. This MRSA, spa type t021 and SCCmec type V strain isolated from dried ribbon fish (Family Trachipteridae) carried virulence factors for exoenzymes such as aureolysin, serine, toxin genes and a novel MLST ST 243, as revealed from its draft-genome sequence. This highly pathogenic, multidrug-resistant and virulent S. aureus novel strain is circulating in the environment with chances of spreading among the seafood workers and the environment. It is further suggested that Good Hygienic Practices recommended by World Health Organization need to be followed during the different stages of seafood processing to provide pathogen-free fish and fishery products to the consumers.

The Extraction of Pearl Essence from Different Types of Fishes

Pearl essence is extracted from fish scales. Guanine is an iridescent substance that is found in the epidermal layer and scales. In its crystalline form guanine reflects and refracts light and thus acts as a camouflage to fish. The suspension of guanine in a solvent is called “essence of pearls”. It was formerly used in cosmetics and paints. Guanine is lustrous material found in the epidermal layer and scales of most fishes like oil Sardine Mackerel, Herring and various carps bleak, ribbon fish etc. In United States herrings is one of the major species exploited for production of pearl essence.In India, ribbon fish is used for production of pearl essence. When guanine particles are deposited on the inside surface of solid beads, an optical effect similar to that of real pearl is obtained. Therefore, the present comparative study of extraction of pearl essence from scales of different types of fishes may play a decisive role in quantity of pearl essence from different types of fishes.

OrganolepticChanges in Trichiurus SPP.During Frozen Storage

Studies were conducted to evaluate the organoleptic changes in Trichiurus spp. (ribbon fish) during frozen storage. Ribbon fishes of 75-85cms standard length and weighing about 470-500 gms were procured in absolutely fresh condition from the local fish-landing centre at Colaba. Samples were analysed at 2 weeks intervals upto 10 weeks and thereafter at 4 weeks intervals upto 30 weeks. Fishes were assessed organoleptically based on general appearance, colour, flavour, texture and an arbitrary hedonic scoring scale of 10 to 1 was used in which ‘4’ was considered as the border line of acceptance. The organoleptic score was ‘10’ which decreased gradually and remained in the acceptable margin score of ‘4’ at the end of 22nd week of frozen storage at –18oC. Therefore, organoleptically the fish is acceptable upto 22 weeks of frozen storage. The fish retains its quality upto 14 weeks afterwards it shows the sign of deterioration.

Presence of microplastics in two common dried marine fish species from Bangladesh

We examined microplastics (MP) in two commercially important dried fish, Bombay duck (Harpadon nehereus) and ribbon fish (Trichiurus lepturus), collected from two sites on the Bay of Bengal (Cox's Bazar and Kuakata). The number of MP found in dried Bombay duck and ribbon fish from Kuakata was significantly higher (41.33 g−1 and 46.00 g−1, respectively) than the MP present in samples collected from Cox's Bazar (28.54 g−1 and 34.17 g−1, respectively). Fibers were the most common type of MP identified in all samples (41–64%), followed by fragments (22–34%), microbeads (9–16%), films (3–4%), foams (1–4%), and pellets (0–2%). ATR-FTIR analysis revealed three different types of MP polymer - polyethylene (35–45%), polystyrene (20–30%) and polyamide (30–45%) in the dried fish samples. The study confirms the presence of high MP loads in dried fish from the Bay of Bengal, with high potential of trophic transfer of MP to the human body.

Functional Properties of Protein Hydrolyzate from Ribbon Fish (Lepturacanthus Savala) as Prepared by Enzymatic hydrolysis

ABSTRACT Fish protein hydrolyzates (FPH) are breakdown products of hydrolysis and are gaining importance in the field of nutraceuticals and functional foods due to their bioactive properties, high nutritional value, solubility, and digestibility. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of hydrolysis time (1–5 h) on the functional properties of FPH prepared from ribbon fish by using the alcalase enzyme. Results showed that the enzymatic hydrolysis time affected the protein content, degree of hydrolysis (DH) and properties of protein hydrolyzates. The protein content of hydrolyzates was significantly (P < .05) increased with an increase in time from 1 to 5 h. Similarly, a trend was observed in the case of DH% (P < .05) as well. Enzyme hydrolysis time had substantially changed the secondary structure of the protein that decreased the crystalline structure of protein hydrolyzate as reported in FT-IR results. On the other hand, a significant reduction in the hydrolyzates’ particle size was noticed with increased hydrolysis time. Furthermore, protein hydrolyzates (1–5 h) exhibited an enhanced solubility, oil-holding capacity, ACE-I inhibitory, and DPPH radical scavenging activity. Statistical results showed an inverse correlation between hydrolysis time and particle size (r = – 0.969), while other parameters such as DH% (r = 0.994), OHC (r = 0.984), ACE-I inhibitory (r = 0.948) and DPPH radical scavenging properties (r = 0.928) presented a positive correlation with hydrolysis time. Therefore, the present work reveals that protein hydrolyzates, when subjected to a greater enzymatic hydrolysis time, enhanced certain properties of the hydrolyzate, which may be beneficial for functional food development.

Prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in marine fishes, crustaceans and molluscs in Kozhikode district, Kerala#

Campylobacteriosis is one of the leading causes of bacterial gastroenteritis world over, with a self-limiting nature. Nevertheless some rare sequelae like Guillain-Barre syndrome, Reiter syndrome and reactive arthritis are evident. With poultry as a major reservoir, the organism is ubiquitous in nature and has been isolated from various sources like animals and the environment. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the occurrence of Campylobacter spp. in marine fishes (n=48), crustaceans (n=35) and molluscs (n=50) from Puthiyappa, a fish catchment area of coastal Kerala (India) using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) in combination with conventional plating technique using Blood-free campylobacter broth and modified Charcoal Cefoperazone Deoxycholate (mCCD) agar. Campylobacter spp. was found to be present in marine fishes, crustaceans and molluscs at a level of 6.3, 8.6 and 28.0 per cent, respectively. The predominant species was Campylobacter jejuni in fishes, while Campylobacter coli was more prevalent in molluscs. Of the seasonally available fishes, the organism was found to be present in ribbon fish, pink perch, pony fish, while among molluscs, it was present in mussel, squid and clam. Only 8.3 and 6.0 per cent of Campylobacter spp. were recoverable from fishes and molluscs, respectively, on mCCDA plates. Campylobacter spp. in these marine fishes and shellfishes indicate that these can act as possible sources for the transmission of food-borne campylobacteriosis.

First Record of Trachipterus trachypterus (Gmelin, 1789) in the Gulf of Antalya (Turkey)

During the research in the grand port area of Antalya (coordinates: 36. 829022N; 30. 603739 E), it was observed that a very rare fish belonging to the Trachipteridae family was stranded in the Mediterranean Sea. The length of the fish, which weighs 400 g (TW = 400g), has been measured as 85cm (TL = 85cm). The fish without anal fin has a dorsal fin with red colour and soft rays, extending from the dorsal to the caudal region. In the examination made; it has been understood that this fish is Ribbon fish, Trachipterus trachypterus (Gmelin, 1789) which are rare fish in the Mediterranean Sea. In a review of previous studies, it was previously understood that this species was not given in the Gulf of Antalya. In the study, the Ribbon fish, Trachipterus trachypterus (Gmelin, 1789), is presented as a new record in the Gulf of Antalya (Turkey).

Bioactivity and Functional Properties of Protein Hydrolysate from Muscle and Visceral Waste of Ribbon Fish (Lepturacanthus savala) Extracted by Three Different Proteolytic Enzymes

The study focuses on utilization of solid visceral waste from ribbon fish in preparation of protein hydrolysates, possessing bioactive properties. Three different proteolytic enzymes (alcalase 2.4 U/g, flavourzyme 500 U/g, and papain 1 U/mL) were used to standardize the preparation of visceral waste protein hydrolysates (VPH) in comparison to muscle protein hydrolysate (MPH). Based on the preliminary studies, the hydrolysis process was standardized to 4 h at 1.5 % (w/v) enzyme concentration. MPH and VPH form all the enzymes were taken to study the bioactive (ACE-1 and antioxidant activity) and functional properties. MPH and VPH extracted from alcalase (IC50 = 0.835 and 0.902 mg/mL) showed higher angiotensin converting enzyme-1 (ACE-1) inhibitory activity than flavourzyme (IC50 = 1.602 and 1.323 mg/mL) and papain (1.263 and 1.565 mg/mL). Similarly, alcalase extracted samples were showed higher levels of radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 2.538 and 2.835 mg/mL) than papain (IC50 = 8.382 and 9.389 mg/mL) and flavourzyme (IC50 = 10.562 and 11.56 mg/mL). The present study proves that visceral waste, which is often discarded in a larger quantity, polluting the environment can be converted into a nutraceutical component with greater health benefits.

Comparative assessment of dried fish quality collected from market and drying centre at Kuakata in Patuakhali, Bangladesh

The study identified the quality differences of dried Chinese pomfret (Stromateus chinensis), Bombay duck (Harpodon nehereus) and ribbon fish (Trichiurus haumela) from market and drying center at Kuakata, Patuakhali. The sensory, nutritional and microbial quality of collected dried samples were evaluated following organoleptic quality index, standard AOAC and aerobic plate count methods, respectively. Organoleptically no significant difference found between the samples from market and drying center. The highest moisture content value was obtained in Bombay duck (29.78%) from the market and lowest value in Chinese pomfret (20.06%) from drying center. The highest and lowest protein content was in Chinese pomfret (60.73%) and Bombay duck (47.9%) from drying center and market, respectively. The lipid and ash content varied from 2.85% to 7.20% and 13.98% to 19.57% for all the dried fish species collected from both sites. Microbiologically, higher aerobic plate count (APC), total E. coli count (TEC) and total Salmonella count (TSC) were found in Chinese pomfret at 1.96×106 CFU/g, 3.98×105 CFU/g and 1.62×105 CFU/g from market and lowest count found in Bombay duck at 5.05×105, 2.22×105 and 0.81×105 from drying center, respectively. In ribbon fish no Salmonella sp. was found. Based on the sensory and nutritional quality the study conclude that among three species and two sites studied, the dried Bombay duck from the fish drying center had better quality characteristics than the counter parts. However, higher microbial load especially pathogenic TSC and TEC suggests to improve hygiene and sanitary practices, better market distribution and storage facilities need to be followed by the producers for safe and quality dried fishery products.