Individual Rhythms Research Articles

Pacing Transhumance

Abstract For Indigenous Soyot herder-hunters of the Eastern Sayan Mountains in western Buryatia, maintaining a sustainable multispecies encampment is a matter of pacing the individual rhythms of the species belonging to it. Domestication in this context is not a matter of human control but of attuning and influencing life rhythms in other beings. Formerly divided into yak and reindeer herding groups, contemporary Soyots no longer rely on reindeer today. Meanwhile, their Tofa neighbours continue to use trained reindeer in their hunting. This paper explores possible reasons for the gradual abandonment of Soyot reindeer herding in the mid nineteenth century, drawing on irreconcilable rhythms. Four regional strategies for coping with divergent species’ rhythms are explored: abandonment of a species in a rangifer-cattle context; alignment of yak and Mongolian cattle reproductive rhythms for hybrid production; juxtaposition of equine and rangifer rhythms; and inversion of cattle and fish migratory routes. The article concludes with a new theory to help address rhythmical multispecies togetherness in the Eastern Sayan Mountains.

The effect of anxiety on the parameters of carpal tapping in patients with post-stroke epilepsy

Aim. To study the characteristics of carpal tapping in the normal condition and the effect of subclinical anxiety on its parameters with post-stroke epilepsy in adults.Material and methods. We examined 140 people aged from 22 to 55 years. The total sample was divided into 3 observation groups: the first (I) group included healthy volunteers; the second (II) group included the patients with post-stroke frontal lobe epilepsy; the third (III) group included the patients with post-stroke temporal lobe epilepsy. Each group was divided into two subgroups: subgroup Ia (33 people) included healthy volunteers who did not show reliably expressed symptoms of anxiety; subgroup Ib (27 people) included healthy volunteers with subclinical anxiety; subgroup IIa (20 people) included patients with post-stroke frontal lobe epilepsy who did not show reliably expressed symptoms of anxiety; subgroup IIb (20 people) included patients with post-stroke frontal lobe epilepsy with subclinical anxiety; subgroup IIIa (19 people) included patients with post-stroke temporal lobe epilepsy who did not show reliably expressed symptoms of anxiety; subgroup IIIb (21 people) included patients with post-stroke temporal lobe epilepsy with subclinical anxiety. The parameters of carpal tapping were investigated using the modified author’s program “Method of influencing an individual human rhythm through exogenous rhythmic stimulation”.Results. An acceleration of the individual rhythm was found in the presence of subclinically expressed anxiety both in healthy volunteers (from 1.13 Hz to 1.53 Hz) and in patients with post-stroke frontal lobe and temporal lobe epilepsy (from 2.07 Hz to 3, 45 Hz and from 1.83 Hz to 2.82 Hz, respectively). The rate of acceleration of the individual rhythm in patients with post-stroke frontal lobe and temporal lobe epilepsies was higher than in healthy volunteers (1.66 and 1.54 versus 1.35, respectively).Conclusion. The effect of anxiety on the parameters of carpal tapping was greater in patients with post-stroke epilepsy compared with healthy volunteers.

Group and Individual fMRI Analysis of the Main Resting State Networks in Healthy Subjects

Analysis of fMRI in the resting state (RS) is a suitable methodological approach to studying basal levels of functional brain activity in humans in health and disease. The inadequate development of this direction in Russia is partly due to the small number of Russian publications describing approaches to data processing. This study uses an algorithm for analysis of fMRI signals in the RS based on independent components analysis (ICA) run in the FSL environment and used for studies of typical functional resting state networks (RSN) in health. Averaging observation data by group, which is applicable for studies of healthy people, is often not appropriate for studies of different forms of cerebral pathology, which are characterized by significantly greater levels of variation in hemodynamics. Thus, studies of 17 healthy subjects included comparative evaluation of the topography and a number of quantitative measures of typical RSN identified by group and individual analysis of fMRI signals. These networks were comparable with RSN described in the literature as main and were also reproducible in group and individual analysis, which confirms the suitability, reliability, and effectiveness of using this algorithm. Individual analysis of RSN identified variability linked with a number of psychophysiological characteristics of healthy subjects (sex, motor asymmetry profile, EEG pattern), partly explaining the different levels of compliance with the patterns of the group networks. Results obtained from individual fMRI and EEG comparisons showed the potential of analysis of the topography of the sources of individual rhythms as EEG markers for RSN. The lowest levels of variability of fMRI characteristics of resting networks in health (such as maximum network activation intensity, mean frequency of the active zone of the spectrum, frequency of dominant peak) may have diagnostic value for studies of RSN in pathology.

The importance of paralleling technique in the diagnostic of dental-skeletal dysmorphia in ancient populations. Cranio-facial architecture and occlusion

Over the last few years, historical populations originating essentially from necropolises and being used as reference have been studied from a standpoint of biodynamical and architectural methodology of the cranium and the face and their relations to occlusion. The same analytic parameters have been used on Homo Sapiens from Algeria, in respect thereof the humans from Mechta-Afalou. As to the cranio-facial set, it is no longer the cranial morphological description for a given progressive period that prevails, but rather the individual growth rhythm in a progressive population, taking into account its developmental anomalies and pathologies. The dentitions that are an integral part of the cranio-facial architecture are then correlated to the whole harmonic or disharmonic cranium/face on one hand and, on the other hand, to the vertebral column when this latter is more or less well preserved. This anatomical reading is based on architectural parameters of biodynamic morphogenesis through medical imaging such as paralleling technique or scanning. Paralleling technique was systematically used and an analysis done on all the archeological crania from the Afalou Bou Rhummel site (Bedjaia, Algeria) with a temporomandibular joint or calvaria. Their study allows to point to certain periods the cranio-facial architectural chart as well as the occlusal balance or disbalance and for the latter, if appropriate, to find the cause. All in all, the biodynamic and occlusal analysis of hominids from Algeria not only allows us to discover their cranio-facial architecture, but also contributes to a better understanding of the occlusion in contemporary Algerians. The latter have been the subject for a few years of an architectural and occlusal analysis in comparison to contemporary Saharan and Sub Saharan populations.

ВПЛИВ ФОТОСТИМУЛЯЦІЇ НА ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНИЙ СТАН ГОЛОВНОГО МОЗКУ ЛЮДИНИ

The study found that during the test with photostimulation, both in the presence of the phenomenon of reproduction of the rhythm of light flicker, and in its absence, the brain shows a pronounced reaction, as evidenced by significant changes in total bioelectric signal power in the cerebral hemispheres (CH). In the absence of the reaction of assimilation of the rhythm of light flicker in the subjects in most cases there is a decrease in the total signal strength in the CH. In the presence of a reaction of assimilation of the rhythm of light flicker, when the EEG visually observes oscillations that coincide with the frequency of the stimulus, the total signal strength in the hemispheres can both increase and decrease. At the same time, the largest increase in signal strength of individual rhythms during photostimulation is not always observed at the stimulation frequency. The results of the study suggest that the phenomenon of brain reproduction of the rhythm of light flicker observed on the EEG during photostimulation, and a decrease or increase in the total power of the bioelectric signal in the CH, are different physiological phenomena. This may mean that the absence of a response to the assimilation of the rhythm of light flicker during photostimulation is a more physiological response of the brain to the stimulus than the presence of such a reaction. This conclusion gives reason to believe that the presence of assimilation of the rhythm of light flicker at any of the frequencies during the test with photostimulation, and even more so, the presence of the 2nd and 3rd harmonics, is a manifestation of brain pathology. This approach to the evaluation of the sample with photostimulation correlates with the results of the test "with the eye open", which is also used to determine the reactivity of the human brain by exposure to the visual analyzer.

Vardiyalı çalışan mutfak personelinin yeme davranışı, beden kütle indeksi ve bel-kalça oranlarının değerlendirilmesi

Amaç: Vardiya sistemine göre ‘gece mesai-gündüz uyku’ şeklinde devam eden yaşam düzeni, bireylerin sirkadiyen ritim ve yeme davranışlarını olumsuz etkileyerek beden kütle indekslerinde farklılıklara yol açmaktadır. Bu araştırmada vardiya sistemine bağlı değişen yaşam düzeninin yeme davranışı, beden kütle indeksi ve bel-kalça oranı üzerine etkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Bu araştırma yemek fabrikalarında gece çalışan 50 mutfak personeline yapılmıştır. Bireylere genel sağlık durumları, beslenme alışkanlıkları, çalışma ve uyku saatleri, fiziksel aktiviteleri ve besin tüketimlerinin sorgulandığı bir anket formu uygulanmıştır. Ayrıca antropometrik ölçümleri alınarak beden kütle indeksleri ve bel/kalça oranları hesaplanmıştır. Bulgular: Toplam uyku süresine ve uyunan saat aralığına göre beden kütle indeksi ve bel/kalça oranının değerlendirilmesi sonucunda, uyku süresi 6-7 saat arasında olanların değerleri 8-9 saat arasında olanlardan istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde yüksek bulunmuştur. Katılımcıların vardiyalı çalışma süreleri 1-3, 3-6, 6-10 ve 10 yıl üzeri olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, 1-3 ve 3-6 yıl süre ile vardiyalı çalışanların beden kütle indeksi ortalamalarının ve bel/kalça oranlarının, 6-10 ve 10 yıl ve üzerinde vardiyalı çalışanların değerlerinden istatistiksel olarak anlamlı şekilde düşük bulunmuştur. Bu çalışmada katılımcılar akşam yemeği saatlerine göre ikiye ayrılmıştır. Akşam yemeği saati 17.00-19:30 olanların beden kütle indeksi ortalamaları, 20.00-24.00 olanlardan istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde yüksek bulunmuştur. Sonuç: Bu çalışmanın sonucunda yedi saatten az uyumanın beden kütle indeksini arttırdığı, altı yıldan uzun süre vardiyalı sistemde çalışmanın obeziteye neden olduğu ve gece vardiyasında çalışanların akşam yemeğini erken saatte yedikten sonra gece geç saatlerde tekrar yemek yedikleri için kilo artışı yaşadıkları tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları benzer literatür bilgilerini destekler niteliktedir.

Analysis of the human gait rhythm in Neurodegenerative disease: A multifractal approach using Multifractal detrended cross correlation analysis

In this paper the human gait rhythm of the healthy individuals and the patients suffering from a neurological disorder, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) disease has been studied applying a non-linear technique, Multifractal detrended cross correlation analysis (MF-DXA). The autocorrelation and cross correlation of the stride-interval fluctuations between the left foot and the right foot were studied. The results obtained reflect the fact that the degree of multifractality (W) and the degree of correlation (γ) are greater for the Control group compared to the diseased group. It is evident that the gait pattern of an individual becomes less steady and temporarily more disorganized in neural diseases due to the neuronal deterioration. The results obtained from the autocorrelation study for the left and the right foot are almost identical. It was also observed that the study of the autocorrelation is not always enough to distinguish between the Controlled and the diseased group. The study of the cross correlation between the left and the right foot can then help to recognize the diseased group. The present analysis shows that the cross correlation between the stride-interval fluctuations between the left and the right foot was greater for the healthy individuals compared to the patients with neurodegenerative disease.

Multidisciplinary rehabilitation reduces hypothalamic grey matter volume loss in individuals with preclinical Huntington's disease: A nine-month pilot study

BackgroundHypothalamic pathology is a well-documented feature of Huntington's disease (HD) and is believed to contribute to circadian rhythm and habitual sleep disturbances. Currently, no therapies exist to combat hypothalamic changes, nor circadian rhythm and habitual sleep disturbances in HD. ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of multidisciplinary rehabilitation on hypothalamic volume, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), circadian rhythm and habitual sleep in individuals with preclinical HD. MethodsEighteen individuals with HD (ten premanifest and eight prodromal) undertook a nine-month multidisciplinary rehabilitation intervention (intervention group), which included exercise, cognitive and dual task training and social events, and were compared to a community sample of eleven individuals with premanifest HD receiving no intervention (control group). Hypothalamic volume, serum BDNF, salivary cortisol and melatonin concentrations, subjective sleep quality, daytime somnolence, habitual sleep-wake patterns, stress and anxiety and depression symptomatology were evaluated. ResultsHypothalamus grey matter volume loss was significantly attenuated in the intervention group compared to the control group after controlling for age, gender, Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale-Total Motor Score and number of cytosine-adenine-guanine repeats. Serum BDNF levels were maintained in the intervention group, but decreased in the control group following the study period. Both groups exhibited decreases in cortisol and melatonin concentrations. No changes were observed in sleep or mood outcomes. ConclusionsThis exploratory study provides evidence that multidisciplinary rehabilitation can reduce hypothalamic volume loss and maintain peripheral BDNF levels in individuals with preclinical HD but may not impact on circadian rhythm. Larger, randomised controlled trials are required to confirm these findings.

Digital Anthropology in Work Life Rhythm

Intelligent technology has touched and improved upon almost every aspect of employee life cycle, Human resource is one of the areas, which has greatly benefited. Transformation of work mainly question the way we work, where we work, how we work and mainly care about the environment and surroundings in which we work. The main goal is to support the organizations to break out their traditional way of work and further move towards to an environment, which brings more pleasing atmosphere, flexible, empowering and communicative. Machine learning, algorithms and artificial intelligence are the latest technology buzzing around the HR professional minds. Artificial intelligence designed to take decisions based on data fed into the programs. The key difference between rhythm and balance is of choice vs adjustment. The choice is made easier, only with the help of priority, quick decision-making, time and communication. To maintain the above scenario digitalisation plays a vital role. In this paper, we suggest the artificial assistants focus on improving the rhythm of individual

Guía de instrucción en artroscopia de rodilla nivel intermedio

Changes are needed due to the evolution of traditional surgical techniques and surgeon training models. For this reason the minimally invasive surgery research and training centre (CLEMI) has developed and applied teaching models to help in the training of minimally invasive surgical techniques, such as knee arthroscopy. CLEMI proposes a model based on simulation taught in a controlled, structured, and progressive environment that is tailored to the individual rhythm of each of the students. Initially, the student will encounter theoretical concepts of instruments, equipment and, ergonomics. Later, in the practical phase, an anatomical synthetic model of the knee will be used in the practical phase, followed by a biological model in order to perform exercises to develop the skills required for the surgical techniques. Training in models under a controlled environment decreases the learning period and increases student skills.Evidence Level: IV.

Guia de instrucción en artroscopia de hombro

The evolution of traditional surgical techniques and training models for surgeons demand changes. For this reason, the Latin-American centre for training in minimally invasive surgery (CLEMI) has developed and applied teaching models that allow surgeons to learn minimally invasive surgical techniques such as arthroscopy. CLEMI proposes a model based on simulation presented in a controlled, structured, and progressive environment that is adjusted to the individual rhythm of each of the students. The student initially studies the theoretical concepts of the instruments, equipment, and ergonomics. Later, in the practical phase of the instruction, students perform a series of exercises in technical skills. Training and models under controlled environments decrease the learning period and enhance student skills.Evidence Level: IV

Guía de instrucción en habilidades para cirugía artroscópica

The evolution of traditional surgical techniques and training models for surgeons demand changes. For this reason, the Latin-American Centre for training in minimally invasive surgery (CLEMI) has developed and applied teaching models that allow surgeons to learn minimally invasive surgical techniques such as arthroscopy. CLEMI proposes a model based on simulation presented in a controlled, structured, and progressive environment that advances with the individual rhythm of each of the students. Initially, the student uses theoretical instrumental, equipment and ergonomics concepts. Later, in the practical phase, they then carry out exercises using a laparoscopy model and finally an arthroscopy model in order to develop their technical skills. Evidence LevelIV

Guia de instrucción en endoscopia de columna avanzado

The evolution of traditional surgical techniques and training models of surgeons require changes. For this reason the centre of research and training in minimally invasive surgery (CLEMI) has developed and applied teaching models that help in the training of minimally invasive surgical techniques such as the endoscopy of the spine. CLEMI proposes a model based on simulation taught in a controlled, structured, and progressive environment that is adjusted to the individual rhythm of each of the participants. The student will initially encounter the theoretical concepts of instruments, equipment, and the surgical technique. This will be followed by a practical phase in which the acquired concepts will be applied using a sawbone model of the lumbar spine. Finally the practice will be carried out on a human anatomical model on which they develop, in a complete and guided manner, the different endoscopic procedures used at the lumbar level. Model training in a controlled environment decreases the learning period and increases student skills.

Subjective judgments of rhythmic complexity in Parkinson's disease: Higher baseline, preserved relative ability, and modulated by tempo.

Previous research has demonstrated that people with Parkinson’s disease (PD) have difficulties with the perceptual discrimination of rhythms, relative to healthy controls. It is not however clear if this applies only to simpler rhythms (a so called “beat-based” deficit), or if it is a more generalized deficit that also applies to more complex rhythms. Further insight into how people with PD process and perceive rhythm can refine our understanding of the well known problems of temporal processing in the disease. In this study, we wanted to move beyond simple/complex-dichotomy in previous studies, and further investigate the effect of tempo on the perception of musical rhythms. To this end, we constructed ten musical rhythms with a varied degree of complexity across three different tempi. Nineteen people with PD and 19 healthy controls part-took in an internet based listening survey and rated 10 different musical rhythms for complexity and likeability. In what we believe is the first study to do so, we asked for the participants subjective ratings of individual rhythms and not their capacity to directly compare or discriminate between them. We found an overall between-group difference in complexity judgments that was modulated by tempo, but not level of complexity. People with PD rated all rhythms as more complex across tempi, with significant group differences in complexity ratings at 120 and 150bpm, but not at 90bpm. Our analysis found a uniform elevated baseline for complexity judgments in the PD-group, and a strong association between the two groups’ rank-ordering the rhythms for complexity. This indicates a preserved ability to discriminate between relative levels of complexity. Finally, the two groups did not significantly differ in their subjective scoring of likeability, demonstrating a dissimilarity between judgment of complexity and judgment of likeability between the two groups. This indicates different cognitive operations for the two types of judgment, and we speculate that Parkinson’s disease affects judgment of complexity but not judgment of likeability.

1056-P: Characterization of Multi-timescale Biological Rhythms in Individuals with Type 1 Diabetes

Background: Longitudinal biological rhythms in glucose and insulin outputs have not been mapped in individuals with T1D. Physiologically based, within-individual predictions of ultradian (UR), circadian (CR) or longer timescale changes in glucose and insulin are not currently possible, in part due to a lack of understanding of population heterogeneity. This is the first longitudinal analysis of biological rhythms in T1D, compared to non-T1D individuals. Methods: Frequency decomposition using the continuous morlet wavelet transformation were created to assess change in rhythmic composition of normalized blood glucose data from 5 non-T1D individuals, and anonymized, retrospective CGM data from 19 T1D individuals using a DIY closed loop APS in the OpenAPS Data Commons. Results: T1D individuals showed a wide range of rhythmic power at the circadian and long-period ultradian timescales compared to individuals without T1D. There is not much UR power lower than 6-hour periodicity, likely due to insulin DIA effects. Conclusion: Such analysis of biological rhythms should be further studied across a broader T1D population, including both APS and non-users, and knowledge of the rhythms could be used for improving personalization and prediction capabilities of APS. Disclosure D.M. Lewis: Consultant; Self; Diabeloop SA, Roche Diabetes Care. A.D. Grant: None.

Neural entrainment is associated with subjective groove and complexity for performed but not mechanical musical rhythms

Both movement and neural activity in humans can be entrained by the regularities of an external stimulus, such as the beat of musical rhythms. Neural entrainment to auditory rhythms supports temporal perception, and is enhanced by selective attention and by hierarchical temporal structure imposed on rhythms. However, it is not known how neural entrainment to rhythms is related to the subjective experience of groove (the desire to move along with music or rhythm), the perception of a regular beat, the perception of complexity, and the experience of pleasure. In two experiments, we used musical rhythms (from Steve Reich’s Clapping Music) to investigate whether rhythms that are performed by humans (with naturally variable timing) and rhythms that are mechanical (with precise timing), elicit differences in (1) neural entrainment, as measured by inter-trial phase coherence, and (2) subjective ratings of the complexity, preference, groove, and beat strength of rhythms. We also combined results from the two experiments to investigate relationships between neural entrainment and subjective perception of musical rhythms. We found that mechanical rhythms elicited a greater degree of neural entrainment than performed rhythms, likely due to the greater temporal precision in the stimulus, and the two types only elicited different ratings for some individual rhythms. Neural entrainment to performed rhythms, but not to mechanical ones, correlated with subjective desire to move and subjective complexity. These data, therefore, suggest multiple interacting influences on neural entrainment to rhythms, from low-level stimulus properties to high-level cognition and perception.

Inner Processes of Creation towards awareness of own worth for sustainable proposals

The objective of this paper is to provide insights of a Workshop entitled ‘Inner Processes of Creation’ which was held at the Global Conference on Cleaner Production and Sustainable Consumption, in Barcelona, Spain, in November 2015, with further perceptions on a presentation of the topic at ARTEM Conference on Creativity and Sustainability, in Nancy, France, in Septemper 2017. The Workshop was designed to catalyze the development of perceptions and consciousness of the inner wisdom, as it emerges in self-expression, by focusing upon the processes of awakening the wisdom from within, which can help all of us achieve better understanding of our reponsibility in helping societies to live sustainably, within planetary boundaries. The Workshop included four movements, with the themes: a) creation, b) definition, c) a specific way, and d) achievement with self realization. The research envolved the interdisciplinary, autopoïetic, and complex thinking view of the subject. During the Workshop, an environment of trust was created by regarding the participants with reverence and respect to their individual rhythms. The participants experienced and catalyzed new versions and plans for creative and sustainable organizational approaches of learning and development, in an environment of trust. Participants consciousness was enlarged towards envisioning sustainable proposals, in which we need to become more actively engaged. It was concluded, that the inner knowledge can be experienced through creative, meditative, visioning processes. When effectively facilitated, this process can bring deep understanding of meaning about different issues and can support the effective decision-making towards a constructive change-making, through sustainable proposals made individually and collectivelly.

Circadian disruption and divergent microbiota acquisition under extended photoperiod regimens in chicken.

The gut microbiota is crucial for metabolic homeostasis, immunity, growth and overall health, and it is recognized that early-life microbiota acquisition is a pivotal event for later-life health. Recent studies show that gut microbiota diversity and functional activity are synchronized with the host circadian rhythms in healthy individuals, and circadian disruption elicits dysbiosis in mammalian models. However, no studies have determined the associations between circadian disruption in early life, microbiota colonization, and the consequences for microbiota structure in birds. Chickens, as a major source of protein around the world, are one of the most important agricultural species, and their gut and metabolic health are significant concerns. The poultry industry routinely employs extended photoperiods (>18 h light) as a management tool, and their impacts on the chicken circadian, its role in gut microbiota acquisition in early life (first 3 weeks of life), and consequences for later life microbiota structure remain unknown. In this study, the objectives were to (a) characterize circadian activity under two different light regimes in layer chicken (12/12 h′ Light/Dark (LD) and 23/1 h LD), (b) characterize gut microbiota acquisition and composition in the first 4 weeks of life, (c) determine if gut microbiota oscillate in synchrony with the host circadian rhythm, and (d) to determine if fecal microbiota is representative of cecal microbiota in early life. Expression of clock genes (clock, bmal1, and per2) was assayed, and fecal and cecal microbiotas were characterized using 16S rRNA gene amplicon analyses from birds raised under two photoperiod treatments. Chickens raised under 12/12 LD photoperiods exhibited rhythmic clock gene activity, which was absent in birds raised under the extended (23/1 LD) photoperiod. There was differential microbiota acquisition under different photoperiod regimes in newly hatched chicks. Gut microbiota members showed a similar oscillating pattern as the host, but this association was not as strong as found in mammals. Finally, the fecal microbiota was found to be not representative of cecal microbiota membership and structure in young birds. This is one of the first studies to demonstrate the use of photoperiods to modulate microbiota acquisition in newly hatched chicks, and show their potential as a tool to promote the colonization of beneficial microorganisms.

Возрастная динамика и топография реактивности индивидуального мю-ритма ЭЭГ у детей 4–14 лет

Возрастная динамика и топография реактивности индивидуального мю-ритма ЭЭГ у детей 4–14 лет

Diurnal rhythms in the white adipose tissue transcriptome are disturbed in obese individuals with type 2 diabetes compared with lean control individuals

Aims/hypothesisAnimal studies have indicated that disturbed diurnal rhythms of clock gene expression in adipose tissue can induce obesity and type 2 diabetes. The importance of the circadian timing system for energy metabolism is well established, but little is known about the diurnal regulation of (clock) gene expression in obese individuals with type 2 diabetes. In this study we aimed to identify key disturbances in the diurnal rhythms of the white adipose tissue transcriptome in obese individuals with type 2 diabetes.MethodsIn a case–control design, we included six obese individuals with type 2 diabetes and six healthy, lean control individuals. All participants were provided with three identical meals per day for 3 days at zeitgeber time (ZT, with ZT 0:00 representing the time of lights on) 0:30, 6:00 and 11:30. Four sequential subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue samples were obtained, on day 2 at ZT 15:30, and on day 3 at ZT 0:15, ZT 5:45 and ZT 11:15. Gene expression was measured using RNA sequencing.ResultsThe core clock genes showed reduced amplitude oscillations in the individuals with type 2 diabetes compared with the healthy control individuals. Moreover, in individuals with type 2 diabetes, only 1.8% (303 genes) of 16,818 expressed genes showed significant diurnal rhythmicity, compared with 8.4% (1421 genes) in healthy control individuals. Enrichment analysis revealed a loss of rhythm in individuals with type 2 diabetes of canonical metabolic pathways involved in the regulation of lipolysis. Enrichment analysis of genes with an altered mesor in individuals with type 2 diabetes showed decreased activity of the translation initiating pathway ‘EIF2 signaling’. Individuals with type 2 diabetes showed a reduced diurnal rhythm in postprandial glucose concentrations.Conclusions/interpretationDiurnal clock and metabolic gene expression rhythms are decreased in subcutaneous adipose tissue of obese individuals with type 2 diabetes compared with lean control participants. Future investigation is needed to explore potential treatment targets as identified by our study, including clock enhancement and induction of EIF2 signalling.Data availabilityThe raw sequencing data and supplementary files for rhythmic expression analysis and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis have been deposited in NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO series accession number GSE104674).