Summary The authors review the biological properties of enteroviruses and the pathogenic features of the neuromeningeal infections caused by them, and describe the value and methods of interpretation of diagnostic procedures. They then outline the place of the enteroviruses in infectious viral diseases of the nervous system (meningitis, encephalitis, paralytic syndromes) and the epidemiology of these infections, basing their conclusions on W.H.O. statistics and their personal experience of such cases in the Rhone-Alpes region. Epidemiological data concerning meningitis epidemics is often incomplete, and almost inexistent for encephalitic and sporadic paralytic syndromes. In many cases, the etiological diagnosis is not made as this requires a very complete virological diagnosis and precise epidemiological surveys. Fecal excretion of these resistant viruses and their dissemination in water supplies means that epidemiological studies of the environment and the population are necessary, and should be made regularly.