Trigonal Research Articles

Ligand-Mediated Highly Ordered Aggregation of 5-Mercapto-2-Nitrobenzoic Acid Protected Atomically Precise Silver Nanocluster.

Understanding self-assembly of atomically precise nanoclusters is of paramount interest in designing various aggregated super-structures. Here pH-mediated self-assembly is reported of atomically precise Ag44(MNBA)30 (MNBA = 5-mercapto-2-nitrobenzoic acid) nanoclusters in aqueous solution. These nanoclusters formed hexagonal close-packed (hcp) structures when the pH of the solution is reduced from basic to neutral. High-resolution transmission microscopy result confirms bilayer and multilayer assembly at neutral pH. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, and molecular dynamics simulation delineate ligand-mediated inter-cluster interactions such as ligand to metal core coordination, H─bonding and π-π interactions playing a crucial role in the formation of the hexagonal close-packed self-assembled structure.

Metal-insulator transition in MnS

Abstract In this article, we have studied phase transitions in the cubic (α-MnS) and hexagonal (γ-MnS) structures of MnS under pressure in the framework of theoretical calculations, accounting for electron correlations in the manganese ions. The value of the band gap is found to be about 2 eV for the chosen approach. We theoretically demonstrate that the insulator-metal phase transition may occur in both cubic and hexagonal structures of MnS under uniform compression. The magnetic moments of manganese were also calculated depending on the value of the Coulomb interaction parameter and lattice volume. The value of the magnetic moments reaches 4.41–4.59 μ B for the certain conditions. Finally, the spin transition of the manganese ions from the high-spin to the low-spin state under high pressure was found.

Optical and energy properties of CdSe1-xSx thin films obtained by the method of high-frequency magnetron sputtering

CdSe1-xSx (x = 0, 0.3, 0.4, 0.6, and 1) thin films were deposited on a quartz and silicon substrate using high-frequency magnetron sputtering. X-ray diffraction analysis estimated that the CdSe1-xSx thin films are crystallized in a hexagonal structure [structure type – ZnO, space group P63mc (No. 186)]. Spectral dependence of the optical transmittance between 300 and 1500 nm of the obtained thin films at room temperature was measured. Normalized integral optical transmittance, optical band gap, spin-orbit splitting, and the value of the bowing parameter of the CdSe1-xSx thin films are determined. The values of the optical band gaps for CdSe1-xSx thin films were estimated using the two methods (by Tauc plot and dT/dλ). Concentration dependences of the energy gaps connected with the leading optical transitions in CdSe1-xSx (Г8v–Г6c, Г7v–Г6c) and spin-orbit splitting are studied. It is shown that the concentration dependences of main optical transitions are quadratic. The principal explanation for this seems to be the Burstein–Moss effect, which is caused by the doping atoms' excess carriers (electrons and holes).

A Metastable Oxygen Redox Cathode for Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Simultaneously harnessing cation and anion redox activities in the cathode is crucial for the development of high energy-density lithium-ion batteries. However, achieving long-term stability for both mechanisms remains a significant challenge due to pronounced anisotropic volume changes at low lithium content, unfavorable cation migration, and oxygen loss. Here, we demonstrate exceptionally stable cation and anion redox behavior in a metastable, cobalt-free layered oxide, Li0.693[Li0.153Ni0.190Mn0.657]O2 (LLNMO). After 50 cycles at 50 mA/g (~0.2 C), the cathode retains 97.4% of its initial capacity (222.4 mAh/g) with negligible voltage decay. This remarkable stability is attributed to its metastable rhombohedral symmetry (R-3m) with unique local structures. The face-sharing connectivity between lithium layers and alternating transition metal (TM) layers effectively suppresses TM migration-induced voltage decay during anion redox. Additionally, the structure balances interlayer cation/cation and anion/anion repulsions, resulting in minimal expansion and contraction during de-/lithiation (< 2.3% along the c-axis) and excellent structural reversibility. These findings highlight that layered oxides with a metastable framework are promising cathode candidates for next-generation ultra-high-energy lithium-ion batteries.

A Metastable Oxygen Redox Cathode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Simultaneously harnessing cation and anion redox activities in the cathode is crucial for the development of high energy‐density lithium‐ion batteries. However, achieving long‐term stability for both mechanisms remains a significant challenge due to pronounced anisotropic volume changes at low lithium content, unfavorable cation migration, and oxygen loss. Here, we demonstrate exceptionally stable cation and anion redox behavior in a metastable, cobalt‐free layered oxide, Li0.693[Li0.153Ni0.190Mn0.657]O2 (LLNMO). After 50 cycles at 50 mA/g (~0.2 C), the cathode retains 97.4% of its initial capacity (222.4 mAh/g) with negligible voltage decay. This remarkable stability is attributed to its metastable rhombohedral symmetry (R‐3m) with unique local structures. The face‐sharing connectivity between lithium layers and alternating transition metal (TM) layers effectively suppresses TM migration‐induced voltage decay during anion redox. Additionally, the structure balances interlayer cation/cation and anion/anion repulsions, resulting in minimal expansion and contraction during de‐/lithiation (&lt; 2.3% along the c‐axis) and excellent structural reversibility. These findings highlight that layered oxides with a metastable framework are promising cathode candidates for next‐generation ultra‐high‐energy lithium‐ion batteries.

Comparison of optical features in nitrobenzene-core PCF with hexagonal and square lattices in the claddings

This paper proposes two novel photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) with a nitrobenzene core, designed using hexagonal and square lattice structures. The characteristics of the PCFs were numerically analyzed in detail and compared to selecting the proposed optimal structure for supercontinuum generation. This study investigates the influence of core diameter (DC) on the characteristics of PCF. The fiber’s nonlinear properties are significantly enhanced by varying the core diameter. The hexagonal PCF structures provide flatter dispersion curves and are closer to zero dispersion than the square lattice, which is beneficial for supercontinuum generation. In contrast, the square PCF structures show higher nonlinear coefficients and lower attenuation than the corresponding hexagonal structures. Based on the simulation results, six optimized structures with all-normal and anomalous dispersion were selected to study the characteristics at the pump wavelength. Results indicate that the proposed PCFs exhibit near-zero flat dispersion, low attenuation and high nonlinearity. The selected optimal structures show potential for efficient supercontinuum generation, enabling broad and highly coherent spectra.

Semiconductor-to-metal transition in BaFe12−x(Ru, Re)xO19 (x = 0.1) hexaferrite at high temperatures

Semiconductor-to-metal-like behavior was observed in the BaFe11.9(Ru,Re)0.1O19 ceramic hexaferrite at temperatures above 450 K. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed its hexagonal structure with minor α-Fe2O3 impurities, while Rietveld refinement revealed significant changes in the lattice parameters, particularly an expansion along the c axis. Atomic positions at the 2b, 4f2, and 12k sites were altered due to the partial substitution of Fe3+ by Ru4+ and Re4+ cations, which have smaller ionic radii than Fe3+. These substitutions modified the bond lengths within the crystal structure, as evidenced by increased Fe–O distances, and led to a partial reduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+, increasing electron density. The AC conductivity, σac(T), showed a transition from semiconducting to metallic-like behavior above ∼450 K. The resistivity, ρac(T), exhibited a plateau near 500 K, indicating a change in the conduction mechanism. The transport mechanism below 450 K was dominated by the non-overlapping small polaron tunneling model, characterized by thermally activated hopping with minimal Coulomb interactions, while above 450 K, the correlated barrier hopping model became dominant. The activation energy for high temperatures, Ea=0.31±0.06 eV, was consistent with the sum of the hopping energy WH=0.20±0.01 eV and half the disorder energy, Ed/2, which increased significantly with temperature. The partial substitution of Ru4+ and Re4+ significantly weakened the magnetic interactions, resulting in reduced saturation magnetization and modifications in coercivity.

Diamagnetic, binary Sulfide Ba3Sc2S6 – with Infinite [ScS6/2] Chains as structural Element

The ternary sulfide, Ba3Sc2S6, was synthesized by the conventional high-temperature solid-state technique in an inert atmosphere, utilizing sealed silica ampules with low internal pressure of Ar gas. The crystal structure was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction and can be described by a trigonal crystal lattice with rhombohedral symmetry, Rc (No. 167), with powder diffraction unit cell parameters a = 12.0402(1) Å and c = 13.3893(2) Å. The compound crystallizes with the K4CdCl6-type structure, which has been used to describe homologous sulfides. This crystal structure shares features with the 2H perovskites but contains infinite 1D chains, Niggli notation , consisting of alternating, distorted octahedra and trigonal prisms connected by face-sharing. Ba3Sc2S6 is diamagnetic, as determined from magnetic susceptibility measurements. UV-Vis spectroscopy data suggest a direct bandgap of about 2.9 eV. Further, DFT calculations reveal a band gap of about 1.8 eV and 2.9 eV using the PBE and the HSE06 functional, respectively, of which the latter agrees perfectly with UV-Vis observations.

RGO‐Modified ZnO‐TiO2 Nanohybrids as Promising Antibacterial Agents for Biomedical Applications

AbstractThis study explores the synergistic antibacterial activity of ZnO nanorods (NRs) decorated with TiO₂ nanoparticles (NPs) and reduced graphene oxide nanosheets (rGO NSs). ZnO NRs and binary ZnO‐TiO₂ nanocomposites (ZT NCs) with varying TiO₂ content were synthesized using an in situ sol–gel method and subsequently modified with different amounts of rGO NSs. The nanocomposites were characterized using advanced techniques to assess their structure and antibacterial performance. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the dominance of the hexagonal wurtzite ZnO structure, while Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) confirmed interconnectivity. A slight red shift in UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra indicated changes in optical properties, and BET analysis showed an increase in surface area and pore volume due to rGO incorporation. The ternary ZT‐rGO (ZTR) NCs, particularly ZTR 4 (with 4 wt% rGO), exhibited significant antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant properties. ZTR 4 showed enhanced efficacy against both Gram‐positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus) and Gram‐negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa), as well as Candida albicans. The results highlight the synergistic effects of ZTR NCs, making them promising candidates for applications in biomedical and environmental fields as effective antibacterial agents.

Microstructural study with enhanced dielectric and magnetic properties of M−type Nd doped Ba1-xNdxFe12O19 (x = 0–0.20) hexaferrites synthesized via sol–gel auto-combustion route

In the present study, we have examined the influence of Nd doping on the structural, morphological, magnetic, and dielectric properties of barium hexaferrite (Ba1-xNdxFe12O19; 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.20) samples synthesized via the sol–gel auto-combustion route. The XRD patterns confirm the formation of the hexagonal phase, in addition to minor traces of Fe2O3 impurity in the samples. Doping with Nd3+ ions produced strain in the crystal, and the samples retain their hexagonal phase with space group P63/mmc, as ensured by the Rietveld refinement method. FTIR spectroscopy were performed for microstructural analysis, which shows the corresponding stretching and bending bands of iron and oxygen in the samples. The Raman spectra confirmed the Raman fundamental modes at various wavenumbers, which also confirm the hexagonal structure of the samples. The electronic states of all metal ions state were confirmed through x-ray photoelectron (XPS) spectroscopy analysis, which show that iron is present in two oxidation states (Fe2+ and Fe3+) in all the prepared samples. XPS spectra also revealed that the Nd-doped sample is more defective as compared to pure sample. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs shows that the non-uniform particle size in the nanometer range. Elemental composition is confirmed using energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) measurement. Additionally, magnetic measurements using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) revealed that the hysteresis loops for 5 % Nd-doped sample shows the maximum value 44.3 emu/g of magnetization, and its values decrease for further increase in Nd doping concentration. The dielectric measurements were performed at room temperature in the frequency range of 1 Hz to 10 MHz, when Nd3+ is doped at the Ba site, it enhances the dielectric constant, dielectric loss, tangent loss, and ac conductivity of the synthesized samples.

Silicon-integrated scandium-doped aluminum nitride electro-optic modulator

Scandium-doped aluminum nitride (AlScN) with an asymmetric hexagonal wurtzite structure exhibits enhanced second-order nonlinear and piezoelectric properties compared to aluminum nitride (AlN), while maintaining a relatively large bandgap. It provides a promising platform for photonic circuits and facilitates the seamless integration of passive and active functional devices. Here, we present the design, fabrication, and characterization of Al0.904Sc0.096N electro-optic (EO) micro-ring modulators, introducing active functionalities to the chip-scale AlScN platform. These waveguide-integrated EO modulators utilize sputtered Al0.904Sc0.096N thin films as the light-guiding medium, with the entire fabrication process being compatible with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology. We extract the in-device effective EO coefficient of 2.86 pm/V at 12 GHz. The devices show a minimum half-wave voltage-length product of 3.12 V·cm at a modulation frequency of 14 GHz, and achieve a 3-dB modulation bandwidth of approximately 22 GHz. Our work provides a promising modulation scheme for cost-effective silicon-integrated photonics systems.

The effect of aluminum doping on nanostructured CdS: optical, structural and sensing characterization

CdS, and CdS: Al were grown onto glass bases via Chemical spray pyrolysis (CSP). XRD analysis of CdS films indicates a polycrystalline hexagonal structure with a predominant orientation of the (101) plane. The strain decreased from 28.55 to 25.66, and the grain size of undoped CdS films was around (13.51–12.14) nm as Al content rose. According to the results of AFM, CdS, CdS:2% Al, and CdS:4% Al all exhibit smooth surfaces with decreasing particle size in the range of (78.46), (69.75), and (42.20) nm, respectively. The root-mean-square roughness values for CdS and CdS:4% Al were 12.41 nm and 3.38 nm. According to AFM image, the surface roughness of CdS to CdS:4% Al were (9.74-5.16) nm. SEM images depict CdS films transitioning from flat islands (Undoped CdS) to uniform spherical nano-grains with Al doping. The result shows a decrease in absorption coefficient as Al content increased. The optical bandgap increased from (2.35-2.51) eV after doping. Results show that the extinction coefficient and refractive index are influenced by Al content. CdS film detects NO2 gas by resistance increase, impacted by Aluminum doping. Sensitivity decreases with an increase in Al doping in CdS films.

Exploring Vanadium Disulfide (VS2) Nanosheets as High‐Efficiency Supercapacitor Electrodes

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) emerge as promising electrode materials for next‐generation electrochemical energy‐storage devices. In the present study, vanadium disulfide (VS2), an underexplored TMD, is investigated as an electrode material for supercapacitors. VS2 nanosheets are synthesized via a single‐step hydrothermal method at 220 °C for 24 h. Multiple characterization techniques, including Fourier‐transform infrared, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope–energy dispersive X‐ray analysis, and transmission electron microscope, confirm the formation of phase‐pure VS2 nanosheets with a hexagonal structure. The specific surface area, measured using Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis, is 12 m2 g−1. A specific capacitance of 106 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1 is demonstrated using symmetric supercapacitors fabricated using these VS2 nanosheets. Using this device, an energy density of 34 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 800 W kg−1 is achieved. Moreover, the supercapacitor maintains 94% capacitance retention after 9000 charge–discharge cycles at 5 A g−1, highlighting the potential of VS2 nanosheets as efficient electrode materials for supercapacitor applications.

Nanoparticles-Based Optical Chemosensors for Lead Acetate Sensing in Water: ZnO, Zn0.97Ce0.03O, and Zn0.97Nd0.03O.

This study reports the synthesis, characterization, and optical properties of ZnO, Zn0.97Ce0.03O, and Zn0.97Nd0.03O nanoparticles and their interactions with lead acetate solutions. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed that the nanoparticles were synthesized in a single-phase hexagonal structure, with crystallite sizes of 12.48nm, 50.79nm, and 39.00nm, respectively. Doping ZnO with Ce and Nd ions significantly enhanced its paramagnetic properties, as evidenced by squareness ratios of 11.18 × 10-3, 41.60, and 20.25 for ZnO, Zn0.97Ce0.03O, and Zn0.97Nd0.03O, respectively. UV-Vis absorption spectra revealed a redshift in lead acetate upon interaction with ZnO, indicating the formation of new chemical species. Ce and Nd doping further modified the optical properties by introducing additional absorption peaks and altering spectral profiles. Significant enhancement in photoluminescence (PL) intensity is observed due to the addition of ZnO, Zn0.97Ce0.03O, and Zn0.97Nd0.03O nanoparticles, as compared to the pure PbC2H3O2​ solution across various concentrations. The incorporation of ZnO nanoparticles increases the PL intensity by approximately tenfold (from 13 to over 100 a.u.). Similarly, Zn0.97Ce0.03O exhibits a comparable level of enhancement. Notably, the introduction of Zn0.97Nd0.03O nanoparticles achieves a remarkable 100-fold increase in PL intensity, establishing it as a highly effective material for detecting lead contamination in water. This exceptional performance highlights its potential for environmental monitoring and water quality applications. These results highlight the potential of ZnO, Zn0.97Ce0.03O, and Zn0.97Nd0.03O nanoparticles as sensitive and effective chemosensors for detecting trace lead levels in environmental samples.

Elucidating Mesostructural Effects on Thermal Conductivity for Enhanced Insulation Applications.

Thermal management is a key link in improving energy utilization and preparing insulation materials with excellent performance is the core technological issue. Complex and irregular pore structures of insulation materials hinder the exploration of structure-property relationships and the further promotion of material performance. Ordered mesoporous silica (OMS) is a kind of porous material with ordered frameworks. This work elucidates the effects of ordered porous architecture on the thermal conductivity of mesoporous silica. Herein, two typical OMS, SBA-15 and SBA-16, characterized by well-defined porous structures with distinct spatial orientations are synthesized to study the relevance between structure and thermal conductivity. Compared to the 3D cubic mesoporous structure of SBA-16, the 2D hexagonal structure of SBA-15 exhibits anisotropic effects that restrict both solid and gaseous conduction, thereby providing better thermal insulating. Due to the influence of porosity, the thermal conductivity is found to decrease strongly with increasing pore size and decreasing wall thickness. Moreover, OMS composite aerogels with outstanding thermal insulation, mechanical performance, and hydrophobicity are fabricated through incorporating OMS into cellulose nanofibers (CNF). Consequently, this work contributes to a deeper understanding of heat transfer in OMS and provides an idea for designing OMS-based composite materials, thereby advancing their potential applications.

The Tribological Reduction Mechanism of the Rubber Hexagonal Surface Texture of the Screw Pump Stator

This paper develops a composite weaving structure, combining hexagonal micro-bumps and hexagonal grooves, in the design of the rubber surface of the screw pump. This allows us to solve the problem of high torque and fast wear of the rubber stator during the operation of screw pump lifting oil recovery, based on the bionic hexagonal surface structure, traditional surface damping principle, and fluid dynamic pressure lubrication theory. Finite element analysis is first conducted to quantitatively analyze the impacts of the parallel side distance, groove width, and groove depth on the surface flow field and wall pressure field of the composite hexagonal structure. Based on the simulation law, the rubber surface laser structure is then designed and prepared by nanosecond laser processing. Afterward, tribological experiments are conducted under the condition of long-term immersion in the actual extraction fluid of shale oil wells. This aims at simulating the actual downhole oil production conditions and quantitatively studying the impact of the size of the composite hexagonal structure on the lubrication characteristics of the friction part of the stationary rotor, as well as the effect of abrasion reduction. The results show that, within the simulation range, the smaller the parallel side distance, the higher the load-carrying capacity. In addition, the hexagonal weave with a parallel side distance of 3 mm has a higher wall load carrying capacity than that with distances of 4 mm and 5 mm. When the groove width is equal to 0.4 mm, the oil film load carrying capacity is higher than that in the case of 0.2 mm. When the groove depth increases, the oil film pressure first increases and then stabilizes or decreases after reaching 0.3 mm. In the hexagonal weave, the friction ratio of the rotor is equal to 0.4 mm. In the tribological experiment of hexagonal weave, the smaller the parallel side distance, the smaller the friction coefficient, and the 0.5 mm weave has the highest performance.

On the High Elastic Modulus Mechanism of Iron Matrix Composites

High modulus steels are characterized by high specific strength and specific stiffness, which can be attributed to the presence of hard reinforced particles. This paper investigates two common iron matrix composites, namely Fe/TiB2 and Fe/TiC, prepared through in situ reaction, focusing on their structures and properties. The results show that both types of reinforced particles in the high modulus steels consist of coarse primary particles and fine eutectic particles. In comparison to Fe/TiC composites, Fe/TiB2 composites exhibit larger elastic modulus (210 GPa). The reasons for the phenomenon that the experimentally measured values of the modulus of elasticity are lower than the calculated values at equilibrium are discussed. It was found that microporous defects left over from the casting process are often present inside the coarse primary particles, which can be the source of microcracks or fractures. In addition, matrix/particle interface stability calculations revealed that TiB2 possesses a distinctive hexagonal structure, resulting in a smaller interfacial distance (d0 = 1.375 Å) with the ferrite matrix phase. The high interfacial work of adhesion (Wad = 3.992 J/m2) further confirms the stronger interfacial stability of the Fe/TiB2 composite in comparison to the Fe/TiC composite.

Computational prediction of novel two-dimensional tungsten nitride superconductors

Transition metal nitrides are well-known 3D superconductor materials. However, there is a lack of knowledge related to their two-dimensional (2D) counterparts, which have several potential technological applications. In this work, we predict, using an evolutionary algorithm coupled with a first-principles approach, a set of novel 2D superconductive structures based on tungsten nitride. Through a systematic process including energetic and dynamical analysis, three thermodynamically stable compositions along with metastable compounds were studied in the following stoichiometries: W4N2, W2N2, and W2N3. Their superconductive temperature (Tc) values, estimated by means of the Eliashberg superconductive theory and the McMillan equation, range from 2.3 to 21.6 K, where the highestTcvalue corresponds to a W2N3metastable hexagonal system. A systematic analysis of the structural, electronic, vibrational and electron-phonon (e-ph) properties, allowed us to recognize the variables that modulate theTcin theses systems. The superconductive behavior is strongly affected by changes in the nitrogen density of states at Fermi level, the e-ph coupling constant and the lattice symmetry. The present results aim to encourage further theoretical and experimental efforts over non fully explored superconductors in two dimensions.

Thermal Diode Films with Liquid Crystal Elastomer Microstructures

Thermal diodes enabling asymmetric heat flow via efficiently conducting heat in one direction while blocking it in the opposite direction have great potential for controlling and managing thermal energy. Here, a thermal diode film with a scalable and thin‐film form factor is presented, which utilizes thermal contact asymmetry that varies with the direction of heat flow. The proposed thermal diode film is fabricated using two liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) layers separated by an air gap: one surface has a pillar structure, and the other has a hexagonal honeycomb structure. In forward mode, heating the LCE layer with the hexagonal honeycomb structure causes the sidewalls to buckle and contact the pillar structure on the opposite side, facilitating efficient conductive heat transfer. In reverse mode, heating the LCE layer with a pillar structure causes it to contract, increasing the gap between the layers with the pillar and hexagonal structures. This increased gap reduces convective heat transfer across the air gap. The thermal contact asymmetry, depending on the direction of heat flow, enables the film to achieve a thermal rectification ratio of ≈2.0 over a wide temperature range of 60–100 °C.

Magnetic nanoparticles of Nd2Fe14B prepared by ethanol-assisted wet ball milling technique

The magnetic material Nd2Fe14B is one of the strongest magnetic materials found in nature. The demand for the production of these nanoparticles is significantly high due to their exceptional properties. The aim of the present study is to synthesize magnetic nanoparticles of Nd2Fe14B using ethanol in the wet ball milling technique (WBMT). Nd2Fe14B powder an average particle size(APS) of 730 nm was subjected to wet ball milling in stainless steel cup containing 5 mm diameter steel balls.The powder was milled for 12 h at 400 rpm, with intervals of 15 min and a 15-second pause each time. The morphology of the powder and nanoparticles, crystallinity, changes of the samples under temperature, magnetic properties, and the structural bonds were analyzed using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).The microstructural images revealed that the shape of the particles changed from flat(730 nm) to spherical(76 nm) after WBMT. The crystallinity results indicated a hexagonal crystal structure, with the average crystallite size being 17.1 nm. In the spectrum of the synthesized Nd2Fe14B nanoparticles, a peak appeared at a wavenumber of 803 cm−1, along with peaks at wavenumbers of 1037 cm−1 and 1083 cm−1, which are associated with the stretching vibrations of Nd-Fe, Fe-B, and Nd-B bonds, respectively. Numerical results of magnetic performance parameters indicated the ferromagnetic properties of the particles(HC = 6097.47, Mr = 34.65 and MS = 49.11).It appears that in WBMT, the operational parameters significantly affect the average crystallite size, saturation magnetization, as well as the size and shape of the nanoparticles. Additionally, the ferromagnetic nature of Nd2Fe14B in the hysteresis loop plays an important role in the thermal stability of the nanoparticles.