Rhombohedral Phase Research Articles

Effects of Fe, Co, or Ni substitution for Mn on [formula omitted] perovskite: Structural, morphological, and optical analyses

In this work, lanthanum strontium-based perovskites La0.7Sr0.3BO3 (B = Mn, Fe, Co, or Ni) samples are successfully synthesized. Hexagonal and Rhombohedral phases in the LSMO sample are observed using the XRD results. From reflectance data, the band gap energies are found to be 2.95 eV, 3.19 eV, 3.03 eV, and 3.14 eV for LSMO, LSFO, LSCO, and LSNO, respectively leading to a blue shift after the replacement. Linear optical evaluations exhibit increased band gap energy and decreased Urbach energy with the replacement of the Fe, Co, or Ni at the Mn site indicating presence of the localized defect states. The calculated extinction coefficient and refractive index parameters, using the Kramers-Kronig method, represent maximum values at the same wavelength for the LSFO. The nonlinear optical parameters are calculated using the obtained data from Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The connection of nonlinear optical absorption (β) with localized defect states has been discussed.

A combined powder x-ray and neutron diffraction studies on (1-x) NaNbO3-x Na0.50Bi0.50TiO3 solid solution

Solid solution of sodium niobate and sodium bismuth titanate [(1-x)NaNbO3-x(Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3: xNBT)] is an important lead-free eco-friendly piezo-ceramic material. In the present work, we report an investigation of the phase stabilities of this solid solution using powder x-ray and neutron diffraction techniques for the entire range of composition. We observed the disappearance of certain peaks and changes in the main perovskite peaks in the powder diffraction data suggesting structural phase transitions with composition. Rietveld analysis of combined x-ray and neutron powder diffraction data is performed to obtain single correct structural model wherever possible. Detailed analyses of powder diffraction data for composition range 0.0 ≤ x ​< ​0.15 revealed the coexistence of orthorhombic (Pbma) and (Pmc21) phases and an orthorhombic phase with space group Pbnm and cell dimensions √2ap ​× ​√2 bp ​× ​6 cp gets stabilized for 0.15 ≤ x ​< ​0.20. On further increasing NBT content in NaNbO3 matrix (0.20 ≤ x ​< ​0.60), a mixed orthorhombic (Pbnm) phase and tetragonal (P4bm) phase is confirmed by Rietveld refinement. Further, in the composition range 0.60 ≤ x ​≤ ​0.80, the tetragonal (P4bm) phase coexists with the ferroelectric rhombohedral (R3c) phase and finally for composition x ​> ​0.80, it completely transforms to rhombohedral (R3c) phase. The presence of phase coexistence in various composition ranges indicates the first order nature of these phase transitions. A detailed structural phase diagram of the system is presented at ambient conditions.

Microstructural and high-temperature dielectric, piezoelectric and complex impedance spectroscopic properties of K0.5Bi0.5TiO3 modified NBT-BT lead-free ferroelectric ceramics

Solid solutions (1-x-y)(Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3-xBaTiO3-y(K0.5 Bi0.5)TiO3 with (x (mol.%) = 0, 7 and 100); y(mol.%) = 0, 20 and 100) compositions have been prepared by a conventional solid-state reaction method, and their structure, dielectric properties and depolarization temperature have been examined. At room temperature, X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns reveal that the crystalline structure of the ceramics was perovskite. The morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) of the ternary system lying between rhombohedral (R3c) and tetragonal (P4mm) phases is in the range of (x (mol.%) = 7 and y (mol.%) = 20). The Raman-active modes for 0.73NBT-0.07BT-0.20KBT were separated and identified under the framework of group theory. SEM micrographs illustrate the quasi-uniform distribution of the grains, which are compact. The dielectric properties of the ceramics were studied in the frequency range of 1 kHz–100 kHz from ambient temperature to 600 °C. Dielectric measurements indicate that all ceramics show a diffuse phase transition near the temperature (Tm) for diffusivity of the order of 1.4–1.7 and a shift of (Tm) towards high temperatures. The resistance and capacitance of the various contributors (grain and grain boundary) in our samples are also discussed using a brick-layer model. Excellent piezoelectric properties for d33 = 146 pCN−1 and electromechanical coupling factors kp = 29.4% were observed at morphotropic phase boundary (MPB), which was assumed to be associated with the coexistence of rhombohedral and tetragonal phases and accurate grain size. This work establishes a new approach for improving lead-free piezoelectric ceramics based on 0.73NBT-0.07BT-0.20KBT.

Ink-jet printed new core@shell ceramic for high stability NTC thermistors

Mn1.95Co0.21Ni0.84O4‒core@LaMnO3‒shell microbeads were in‒situ processed by an ink‒jet printing method. The composition of the LaMnO3 on the electrical properties compared with the only core Mn1.95Co0.21Ni0.84O4 (MCN) ceramic were studied. X‒ray diffraction analysis showed that the ceramics were composed mainly of cubic spinel NiMn2O4 with rhombohedral perovskite LaMnO3 phase. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results explained the ion migration occurred in the composite materials. These ceramics had negative temperature coefficients and B25/50 and Ea values of 1456–5972 K and 0.0814–0.5148 eV, respectively. Moreover, the aging coefficients (△R/R) of the bilayer core@shell structure ceramics were <0.51%, which is much lower than that of uncoated Mn1.95Co0.21Ni0.84O4 microbeads (4.1%). The grain boundaries were verified to dominate important role in the electrical property of the Mn1.95Co0.21Ni0.84O4–core@LaMnO3‒shell ceramics.

Excellent piezoelectric performance of BiFeO3–BaTiO3– La(Mg2/3Nb1/3)O3 lead-free ceramics via relaxation regulation near the morphotropic phase boundary

Although BiFeO3–BaTiO3-based lead-free ceramics have attracted much attention in recent years as a high temperature piezoelectrics, their d33 value is still difficult to exceed 200 pC/N through conventional methods. In this work, a novel (0.7-x)BiFeO3-0.3BaTiO3-xLa(Mg2/3Nb1/3)O3 (x = 0–0.005) ternary system was reported to own excellent room-temperature piezoelectric constant (d33) ∼216 pC/N and high Curie temperature (480 °C) at x = 0.003 simultaneously. It reveals that the compositions undergo an obvious phase transition from ferroelectric (FE) rhombohedral (R) phase to relaxor pseudo-cubic (PC) phase via an R–PC morphotropic phase boundary (MPB). More importantly, piezoelectric nonlinear Rayleigh analysis and S-E/P-E curves suggest that the significantly enhanced domain dynamics due to the coexistence of macrodomain and nanodomain can be observed in the x = 0.003 sample. The synergy of these two effects induce the improved d33 value observed in the x = 0.003 sample. In addition, the compositions exhibit the inhibition of defect dipoles and the improvement of the high temperature resistivity, leading to the excellent thermal stability with sensitivity coefficients ƞ less than ± 5% in the annealing temperature range of 25–400 °C. The present work provides a guideline for the subsequent design of high-temperature lead-free ceramics.

Stroboscopic in situ neutron diffraction approach to elucidate the kinetics of strain mechanisms in ferroelectric materials

The electromechanical properties of ferroelectrics are often strongly frequency-dependent, but the underlying structural kinetics are not well known or understood. Here, we use in situ stroboscopic neutron diffraction combined with a comprehensive structural refinement method to examine the frequency-dependent structural change in the commercial actuator material PIC 151 at realistic operating frequencies. A broad range of frequencies was measured and analyzed in detail. This work further underlines the crucial role of the field-induced phase transformation for explaining the kinetics in ferroelectric materials. Both the tetragonal majority phase and the rhombohedral minority phase contribute with different effects to the frequency dependence of the strain mechanisms. Even creep effects well beyond the probed frequencies can be explained with the observations.

Effects of La&lt;sup&gt;+3&lt;/sup&gt; and Sc&lt;sup&gt;+3&lt;/sup&gt; Ions on Structure and Microstructure of PZT Ceramics for Energy Storage Applications

Solid solutions of PZT ceramic at Zr/Ti ratio of 0.56/0.44 having various content of softener (La+3) and hardener (Sc+3) ions according to chemical formula (Pb1-y Lay) (Scx Zr0.56-x Ti0.44) O3, [y= (0.0 and 0.02); x= (0.02, 0.04 and 0.06)], were prepared via conventional solid state reaction methods. Structural and microstructural characteristics were investigated systematically. The measurements of XRD diffraction spectra showed occurring of phase transformation after doping with Sc+3 ions in both, PZT and PLZT ceramics, through emerging of tetragonal phase to coexist with the rhombohedral phase. Their fraction varied depending on content of Sc+3 ions. SEM mages display a different influence of softener and hardener ions, at 0.02 % mole, on the grain size. Doping with La+3 causes reduction in grain size, whereas Sc+3 increase the grain size. However, further increase in Sc+3 content in both (PZT and PZT) ceramics causes sharp decreasing in grain size. The latter feature is preferable in terms of increasing in the energy storage values.

Microemulsion synthesis of Ga and Sr doped BiFeO3 nanoparticles and evaluation of their ferroelectric, optical, dielectric and photocatalytic properties

A series of Ga and Sr doped bismuth ferrite (BiFeO₃) was synthesized using a facile microemulsion technique and characterized using XRD, SEM, Raman, PL and UV–vis techniques. The XRD and Raman study revealed the rhombohedral phase of Bi1-xSrxFe1-xGayO3 with R3‾c space group. The average crystalline size was in range of 28–42 nm. From P-E loop, the saturation polarization (Ps), coercivity (Hc) and remanence (Pr) were determined and value of Pr and Ps increased with increasing dopant contents. Furthermore, there was a decline in dielectric loss with increased frequency and dopant content. The PL revealed that the highly substituted material had lower re-combination rate and higher charge (e−-h+) separation, which was finally responsible for its enhanced photo-catalytic activity. For Ga and Sr doped BiFeO₃, UV–Vis absorption edge exhibited substantial red shift thus reducing bandgap from 1.91 to 1.19 eV for highest doped composition. Finally, the photocatalytic activity of the material was investigated using methyl orange (MO) as model contaminant. Bi1-xSrxFe1-xGayO3 exhibited much better photocatalytic efficiency and degraded 87% dye in comparison to pristine BiFeO3 (66%) within 70 min under solar light. Also, stability of samples was demonstrated through re-cycling experiment. Bi1-xSrxFe1-xGayO3 had higher stability and reusability compared to BiFeO₃. Based on these findings, Bi1−xSrxFe1−yGayO3 material may find use in high frequency devices and photo-catalytic applications for treatment of industrial wastes due to its promising dielectric and photo-catalytic outcomes.

Ferroelectricity Induced by Oxygen Vacancies in Rhombohedral ZrO2 Thin Films

Rhombohedral phase HfxZr1‐xO2 (HZO, x from 0 to 1) films are promising for achieving robust ferroelectric polarization without the need for an initial wake‐up pre‐cycling, as is normally the case for the more commonly studied orthorhombic phase. However, a large spontaneous polarization observed in rhombohedral films is not fully understood, and there are also large discrepancies between experimental and theoretical predictions. In this work, in rhombohedral ZrO2 thin films, we show that oxygen vacancies are not only a key factor for stabilizing the phase, but they are also a source of ferroelectric polarization in the films. This is shown experimentally through the investigation of the structural properties, chemical composition and the ferroelectric properties of the films before and after an annealing at moderate temperature (400 °C) in an oxygen environment to reduce the VO concentration compared. The experimental work is supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations which show that the rhombohedral phase is the most stable one in highly oxygen defective ZrO2 films. The DFT calculations also show that VO contribute to the ferroelectric polarization. Our findings reveal the importance of VO for stabilizing rhombohedral ZrO2 thin films with superior ferroelectric properties.

Structural and magnetic quantification of rhombohedral – Orthorhombic phase transition in gadolinium substituted bismuth ferrite

Room-temperature X-ray diffraction (XRD), and High-resolution transmission microscopy (HR-TEM) were used to investigate the structural properties of multiferroic Bi1-xGdxFeO3 perovskites, (x = 0.00, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25 and 0.30). The system under investigation was synthesized through a citric acid-based auto-combustion technique. XRD analysis revealed that the pure bismuth ferrite and the gadolinium substituted bismuth ferrite up to x = 0.10 samples composed of a polycrystalline rhombohedral structure (space group R3c (161)), the samples with Gd concentration between x = 0.15 and x = 0.25 show coexistence of rhombohedral and orthorhombic phases. At the same time, Bi0.7Gd0.3FeO3 crystallizes in a pure orthorhombic structure (space group Pbnm (62)). The crystallographic parameters and the ratio of the two competed phases were estimated using Rietveld refinement of XRD data. Williamson-Hall model based on the refined XRD data was used to estimate the average crystallite length and the induced lattice strain. Furthermore, TEM and HR-TEM images coincident with the XRD results. Bi1-xGdxFeO3 nanoparticles display coupling interactions between weak ferromagnetism and canted antiferromagnets at room temperature. The magnetic properties were estimated by analyzing the M(H) hysteresis loops collected using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). This study can sustain new strategies for tailoring new smart materials with different fascinating properties.

INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF MECHANOCHEMICAL ACTIVATION IN A SHOCK-REFLECTIVE MILL ON THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF NATURAL GRAPHITE

In this work, studies the changes in the crystal structure of the natural graphite of the Taiga deposit were carried out in the process of spheroidization. The spheroidization process consisted in giving the flat graphite particles of a quasi-spherical shape due to mechanochemical activation in a centrifugal mill of the shock-reflective principle of action. Spherical graphite obtained by mechanochemical spheroidization is currently the dominant anode material of lithium-ion batteries on the market. Currently, the problem of obtaining electrode materials based on domestic raw materials and using domestic processing technologies is becoming urgent. In the course of the work, it was found that the graphite under study consists of two graphite substructures with a greater and lesser degree of graphitation. During mechanochemical activation of graphite in a centrifugal mill of the shock-reflective principle, a significant change in the crystal structure of both substructures occurs, consisting in a decrease in the size of the crystallites, a decrease in the degree of graphitation and the formation of a rhombohedral phase. It is also noted that the changes in the structure are wave-like, and the less graphitized substructure is subject to stronger fluctuations. In the process of spheroidization, a decrease in the proportion of a more graphitized substructure and its transition to a less graphitized one was noted. In addition, it was found that the spheroidization process is accompanied by a decrease in the degree of texture of the crystal structure, expressed by a decrease in the ratio of the integral intensities of reflexes (002) and (110) corresponding to the crystallographic planes "c" and "a", respectively. An increase in the intensity of the impact from 55 m/s to 85 m/s makes it possible to intensify the ongoing processes, while no significant deterioration in the degree of graphitation was noted.

Effect of MgO doping on energy storage and electrocaloric properties of ferroelectric 0.6Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3–0.4(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3 ceramics

This study highlights the effect of MgO doping on microstructure, dielectric, ferroelectric, energy storage and electrocaloric properties of lead-free (1-x)(0.6Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3–0.4(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3)–xMgO ceramics with x varying from 0-5%. X-ray diffraction studies revealed that BZCT-MgO ceramics exhibited a morphotropic phase boundary (MPB), i.e. coexistence of both tetragonal and rhombohedral phases at room temperature for x ≤ 1%. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images revealed that grain size is decreased with the increase of MgO content. The Raman analysis and temperature dependent dielectric studies further confirm the MPB behaviour at low MgO content. Besides, the MgO additive improves the diffused phase transition (DPT) behaviour of BZCT ceramics, lowers transition temperature and enhances their relaxor behaviour. It is observed that 0.99BZCT–0.01MgO showed optimum energy storage properties with a recoverable energy density of 177.6 mJ/cm3 and an efficiency of 79% at an electric field of 45 kV/cm. Moreover, they exhibited a robust energy storage performance even after passing 107 cycles. Further, the electrocaloric temperature change and responsivity are found 1.12 K at 45 kV/cm and 0.024 Kcm/kV, respectively in 0.99BZCT–0.01MgO ceramics.

Enhanced Piezoelectricity and Thermal Stability of Electrostrain Performance in BiFeO3-Based Lead-Free Ceramics

BiFeO3-based ceramics possess an advantage over large spontaneous polarization and high Curie temperature, and are thus widely explored in the field of high-temperature lead-free piezoelectrics and actuators. However, poor piezoelectricity/resistivity and thermal stability of electrostrain make them less competitive. To address this problem, (1 - x) (0.65BiFeO3-0.35BaTiO3)-xLa0.5Na0.5TiO3 (BF-BT-xLNT) systems are designed in this work. It is found that piezoelectricity is significantly improved with LNT addition, which is contributed by the phase boundary effect of rhombohedral and pseudocubic phase coexistence. The small-signal and large-signal piezoelectric coefficient (d33 and d33*) peaks at x = 0.02 with 97 pC/N and 303 pm/V, respectively. The relaxor property and resistivity are enhanced as well. This is verified by Rietveld refinement, dielectric/impedance spectroscopy and piezoelectric force microscopy (PFM) technique. Interestingly, a good thermal stability of electrostrain is obtained at x = 0.04 composition with fluctuation η = 31% (Smax'-SRTSRT×100%), in a wide temperature range of 25-180 °C, which is considered as a compromise of negative temperature dependent electrostrain for relaxors and the positive one for ferroelectric matrix. This work provides an implication for designing high-temperature piezoelectrics and stable electrostrain materials.

Room temperature magneto-dielectric coupling in the CaMnO3 modified NBT lead-free ceramics

The sol–gel prepared (1-x)Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-(x) CaMnO3 (x = 0, 0.03, 0.06, 0.12) compositions show a Rhombohedral (R3c) phase up to x = 0.06 while a mixed rhombohedral (R3c) and orthorhombic (Pnma) phases for the x = 0.12. The lattice volume consistently decreased with an increase in the CaMnO3 content. The phase transition temperature (Tc) decreased with an increase in the CaMnO3 compositions. The room temperature dielectric constant increased, and loss decreased for the x = 0.03 composition due to a decrease in the oxygen vacancy and Bi loss confirmed by the valence state study (XPS). All the compositions show a variation of the room temperature dielectric property with an application of magnetic field confirming a magnetodielectric coupling. The x = 0.06 composition shows the highest negative magnetodielectric coupling constant (MD%) of 3.69 at 100 kHz at an applied field of 5 kG.

The Specification of Dielectric Ternary Compound BNT-BKT-BT

The ternary ceramic compound (BNT-BKT-BT), like 0.855(Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3) 0.115(Bi0.5K0.5TiO3)-0.03(BaTiO3) was prepared by solid-state reaction. Three different calcination processes as a function of temperature and time had been used as the candidate for the structural phase. The crystal structure analysis confirmed a rhombohedral and tetragonal phase regarding diffracted peaks within the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB). The dielectric behavior at different frequencies (1, 10, 100 kHz, and 3 MHz) and temperatures showed a maximum curie temperature at (295 C) through a frequency (100 kHz). The XRD analyses showed the peak splitting observed around (2=40, and 46) related to the overlapping between many peaks mentioned by different phases. The appearance of the relaxer ferroelectric behavior emphasizes the agreement of the XRD analysis and dielectric measurement

Bi2Te3 Thin Films Deposited by the Combination of Bi and Te Plasmas in a PLD Process

Bismuth telluride thin films were grown by pulsed laser deposition by implementing a novel method that combines both Te and Bi plasmas resulting from the laser ablation of individual Bi and Te targets. Furthermore, the mean kinetic ion energy and density of the plasmas, as estimated by TOF curves obtained from Langmuir probe measurements, were used as control parameters for the deposition process. The obtained thin films exhibit a metallic mirror-like appearance and present good adhesion to the substrate. Morphology of the thin films was observed by SEM, yielding smooth surfaces where particulates were also observed (splashing). Chemical composition analysis obtained by EDS showed that apparently the films have a Te-rich composition (ratio of Te/Bi of 3); however, Te excess arises from the splashing as revealed by the structural characterization (XRD and Raman spectroscopy). The XRD pattern indicated that depositions have the rhombohedral (D3d5 (R3¯m)) structure of Bi2Te3. Likewise, Raman spectra exhibited the presence of signals that correspond to Eg2, A1u2 and A1g2(LO) vibrational modes of the same rhombohedral phase of Bi2Te3. Additionally, oxidation states, analyzed by XPS, resulted in signals associated to Bi3+ and Te2- that correspond to the Bi2Te3 compound. Finally, surface topology and thickness profiles were obtained from AFM measurements, confirming a combination of a smooth surface with particulates on top of it and a film thickness of 400 nm.

Electrochemical, ferroelectric and dielectric properties of Gd, Fe and Mn doped nickel perovskite with robust photocatalytic activity under visible light

Single phase La1-xGd1-xNi1-2yFe1-yMn1-yO3 (x and y = 0.0–0.25) nanomaterials were prepared via microemulsion approach, where effect of dopants on various properties was studied. The slanted rhombohedral phase was formed having particle size in 60–90 nm range. Dielectric parameters value was decreased in lower frequency and constant at higher frequency. The AC conductivity was improved with doping and LNGFM5 (x and y = 0.0–0.25) revealed better current density versus pure LNO. PL analysis suggested that LNGFM5 have improved photocatalytic activity. Thus, higher dielectric constant, AC conductivity and electrochemical properties was enhanced significantly on doping. The optical bandgap was reduced from 2.5 eV (pristine LNO) to 2.0 eV for highly doped material. Doped LNGFM5 catalyst exhibited higher photocatalytic competence by furnishing 92.2% removal of methyl orange (MO) dye in comparison to pristine LaNiO3 (49.5%) within 160 min of irradiation. The catalyst dosage and initial pH of solution significantly affected catalytic activity of LNGFM5. Based on the promising efficiency, the doped LNO materials has ability for the removal of dyes from the wastes under visible light irradiation.

One-step hydrothermal synthesis of rhombohedral ZnIn2S4 with high visible photocatalytic activity for aqueous pollutants removal

The phase composition of photocatalyst has a substantial effect on its photocatalytic activity. In this work, the rhombohedral phase ZnIn2S4 was synthesized by a one-step hydrothermal method by using inexpensive Na2S as a sulfur source with the assistance of NaCl. The Na2S as the S source can promote the generation of rhombohedral ZnIn2S4, and the addition of NaCl enhances the crystallinity of the as-prepared rhombohedral ZnIn2S4. The rhombohedral ZnIn2S4 nanosheets had a narrower energy gap, more negative conductive band potential, and higher separation efficiency of photogenerated carriers relative to the hexagonal ZnIn2S4. The as-synthesized rhombohedral ZnIn2S4 exhibited high visible photocatalytic activity with removal efficiencies of 96.7% in 80 min for the methyl orange, 86.3% in 120 min for ciprofloxacin hydrochloride and nearly 100% in 40 min for Cr(VI).

Domain structures in dielectric polarization vortex of BaTiO[formula omitted] nanoclusters: A shell model molecular dynamics study

The domain structures in the dielectric polarization vortex of BaO-terminated cubic BaTiO3 nanoclusters were calculated by classical molecular dynamics simulations using a shell model at low temperatures. The cluster with the toroidal moment g parallel to the [111] direction is known to be the ground structure at low temperatures. In this paper, we examined possible structures of clusters with the toroidal moment parallel to the [111], [110], and [001] directions with varying the size. We found that for larger clusters with n>6, where n is the number of unit cells on one edge, clusters with g//[111], g//[110], and g//[001] were stable in this order. In the interior of the nanoclusters, ferroelectric domain walls (FDWs) were formed. We confirmed that the cluster with g//[111] consisted of 71°FDWs, a lowest energy FDW of the rhombohedral phase. We found that higher energy clusters consisted of higher energy FDWs. For smaller clusters with n<6, the toroidal moment vanished for all the clusters.

Optimisation of electrical conductivity and dielectric properties of Sn4+-doped (Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3 perovskite

The structural, microstructural, dielectric, and conductivity properties of Tin modified Sodium Bismuth Titanate (Na0.5Bi0.5)(Ti1-xSnx)O3, where x (mol%) = 0%, 1%, 3% (labeled as NBT, NBTS1, and NBTS3, respectively) were experimentally investigated in this paper. In this regard, the solid-state reaction process was used to prepare polycrystalline materials, where sintering was performed at 1100 °C for 3 h under atmospheric air. As a result, X-ray diffraction confirms, as it seems, the presence of a rhombohedral phase (R3c) in all compositions at room temperature. The electrical properties of the compositions are also studied using complex impedance spectroscopy (CIS). Subsequently, at room-temperature, doping 1% of Sn4+ in the NBT perovskite reduces the dielectric loss from 4.4 × 10−2 to 3.43 × 10−2 at 1 MHz. Moreover, it is around 3.05 × 10−2 at 93.6 °C and 1 MHz for NBTS3. Sn4+ significantly doping improved electrical conductivity. Therefore, at 10 Hz and 450 °C, the electrical conductivity of NBTS3 (σac = 8.76 × 10−3 S.m−1) is 61.26 times that of pure NBT (σac = 1.43 × 10−4 S.m−1). Joncher's power law investigates the conduction mechanism's nature; (i) the decreasing variation of the exponent s1 with temperature suggests that the NBT compound is characterized by the CBH (Correlated Barrier Hopping) model. On the other hand, for NBTS1 and NBTS3 (ii), the increase in s1 and s2 parameters under temperature indicates that the NSPT (non-overlapping small polaron tunneling) model is the most dominant. In this work, all tested compounds exhibit a sort of ferroelectric relaxation behavior. Our results demonstrate that doped materials can be applied to solid oxide fuel cells.