A novel CoFe2O4-SiO2@rGO aerogel composite (CFO-S@GA) was synthesized via facile solvothermal methods. SiO2 and graphene act as co-matrixes and exhibit complementary effects, improving the CFO's dispersion and constructing the hierarchical porous structure of CFO-S@GA. CFO-S@GA achieved superior degradation performance of 99.1 %, 99.8 %, and 90.6 % removal ratio for Methylene Blue (MB), Rhodamine B (RhB), and Methyl Orange (MO) in 30 min under simulated solar irradiation, respectively. The degradation is adaptive to a wide pH range (2.4–10.1) and low H2O2 consumption (500 μL/L). CFO-S@GA could even rapidly decolor high chroma mixed dye wastewater under natural solar irradiation within 110 min by adding the bulk material without stirring. The excellent performance was attributed to the photo-Fenton synergistic degradation of CFO-S@GA. The reactive oxygen species OH•, O2•−, and 1O2 were demonstrated to play the leading role in the solar-Fenton synergistic system. Additionally, the bulk CFO-S@GA showed outstanding stability and reusability during recycling experiments.