Rhizomes Of Cyperus Rotundus Research Articles

Cytotoxic effect of Cyperus rotundus rhizome extract on human cancer cell lines

The wild weed Cyperus rotundus is commonly used as traditional medicine in different parts of the world. Sequential extraction of C. rotundus rhizome with solvents of different polarity namely hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol and water were prepared and the free radical scavenging activity was determined by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Based on high antioxidant activity of methanolic extract of C. rotundus rhizome (MRCr) was further investigated for its cytotoxic effect on different human cancer cell lines-breast (MCF-7), cervical (HeLa), liver (Hep G2), prostate (PC-3), colorectal (HT-29) and normal cell line (MCF-12A) by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT) assay evaluated as 50% inhibition of growth (IC50). Apoptosis cells were analysed by flow cytometry stained with annexin V-Fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugate (AF) and propidium iodide (PI). The cellular and nuclear changes were examined under light and fluorescent microscope using 4′, 6′ diamino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) stain, dual stains of AF/PI and acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB). The cytotoxic effects on the tested cancer cell lines ranged from 4.52±0.57 to 9.85±0.68μgml−1. The migration assay was showed the inhibitory effect with MRCr. The MRCr showed significant anticancer activity against all the tested cancer cell lines and also protected the non-cancer cells. The anticancer activity suggests further elucidation for the formulation of natural pharmaceutical products in the treatment of cancer.

Chemical Constituents from the Rhizomes of Cyperus Rotundus L.

Background:Cyperus rotundusL. (Cyperaceae), is a perennial sedge distributed throughout India and other parts of the world. Its tubers are used as an appetizer, febrifuge and to treat bleeding, blisters, boils, cough, diarrhea, inflammation, lacteal disorders, rheumatoid arthritis, stomach ailments, skin rashes, thirst, vomiting, worm infestation and wounds.Objective:Our study was planned to isolate chemical constituents from the rhizomes ofC. rotundusand to characterized their structures.Method:The air-dried rhizome powder was exhaustively extracted with methanol in a Soxhlet apparatus. The concentrated methanol extract was adsorbed on silica gel (60-120 mesh) for the preparation of a slurry. The dried slurry was chromatographed over silica gel column packed in petroleum ether. The column was eluted with petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol, successively, in order of increasing polarity to isolate the compounds.Results:Phytochemical investigation of the tubers led to isolate a sesquiterpenone characterized as 12-methyl cyprot-3-en-2-one-13-oic acid (1), two aliphatic ketone viz.n-dotriacontan-15-one (2) andn-tetracontan-7-one (8), fatty estersn-pentadecanyl octadec-9, 12- dienoate (n-pentadecanyl linoleate,3),n-hexadecanyl linoleate (4),n-hexadecanyl oleate (5) andn-pentacos-13ʹ-enyl octadec-9-enoate (n-pentacos-13ʹ-enyl oleate,9), two steroidal estersstigmast-5,22–dien-3β–olyln-dodecanoate (stigmasterol laurate,6) and stigmast-5, 22-dien-3β-olyln-tetradecanoate (stigmasterol myristate,7), β-sitosterol-3β-O-glucoside(10)and a triterpenic glycosidic ester lup-12, 20 (29)-dien-3β-ol-3-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-2'-oleate (lupenyl 3β-O-arabinpyranosyl 2′-oleate,11). The structures of these compounds were established by spectral data analysis and chemical reactions.Conclusion:A sesquiterpene identified as cyprot-3-en-2-one-14-oic acid, two aliphatic ketones, fatty esters, two steroidal esters, β-sitosterol-3β-O-glucoside and lupenyl 3β-O-arabinpyranosyl 2′-oleate were isolated for the first time from the rhizomes.

Synthesis, characterization, and catalytic applications of hematite (α-Fe2O3) nanoparticles as reusable nanocatalyst

A novel magnetically recoverable hematite nanoparticles (α-Fe2O3 NPs) was fabricated by a simple, one pot, and green method using the rhizome of Cyperus rotundus L., as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The prepared nanoparticles were well characterized by all parameters. TEM showed that the hematite nanoparticles had a rhombohedral shape and ranged in size from 80 to 100 nm. The phase study of the α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles was confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. In addition, the synthesized nanoparticles shows good photocatalytic activity in degradation of highly toxic Congo red dye within 25 min, and the same NPs exhibits higher catalytic activity for the reduction of 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine (4-NPD) to 1,2,4-benzenetriamine in the presence of NaBH4 within 12 min. After the reaction, the catalyst was recovered and reused three times without significant loss of catalytic activity.

Chemical composition, antibacterial activity of Cyperus rotundus rhizomes essential oil against Staphylococcus aureus via membrane disruption and apoptosis pathway

The chemical composition, antibacterial activity and mechanism of essential oil from Cyperus rotundus rhizomes against Staphylococcus aureus were investigated in this study. Results showed that α-cyperone, cyperene and α-selinene were the major components of the essential oil. The essential oil exhibited strong antibacterial activity against S. aureus with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericide concentration (MBC) were 10 and 20 mg/mL respectively, and the antibacterial effects increased with increasing essential oil concentrations and treatment time. The electric conductivity, cell membrane integrity, NPN uptake, and membrane potential assays demonstrated that essential oil disrupted the membrane integrity of S. aureus. Electron microscope observations further confirmed that essential oil destroyed cell membrane. Moreover, we found that essential oil could induce cells death of S. aureus through apoptosis pathway based on apoptosis analysis. These findings suggested that essential oil mainly exerted antibacterial activity by damaging cell membrane and membrane-mediated apoptosis pathway.

Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, DNA Damage Protective, Cytotoxic and Antibacterial Activities of Cyperus rotundus Rhizomes Essential Oil against Foodborne Pathogens

Cyperus rotundus L. (Cyperaceae) is a medicinal herb traditionally used to treat various clinical conditions at home. In this study, chemical composition of Cyperus rotundus rhizomes essential oil, and in vitro antioxidant, DNA damage protective and cytotoxic activities as well as antibacterial activity against foodborne pathogens were investigated. Results showed that α-cyperone (38.46%), cyperene (12.84%) and α-selinene (11.66%) were the major components of the essential oil. The essential oil had an excellent antioxidant activity, the protective effect against DNA damage, and cytotoxic effects on the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell, as well as antibacterial activity against several foodborne pathogens. These biological activities were dose-dependent, increasing with higher dosage in a certain concentration range. The antibacterial effects of essential oil were greater against Gram-positive bacteria as compared to Gram-negative bacteria, and the antibacterial effects were significantly influenced by incubation time and concentration. These results may provide biological evidence for the practical application of the C. rotundus rhizomes essential oil in food and pharmaceutical industries.

PHYSICO-CHEMICAL AND PHYTO-CHEMICAL STUDY OF RHIZOME of Cyperus rotundus LINN

Cyperus rotundus L., (Family Cyperaceae), also known as purple nutsedge or nutgrass, is a common perennial plant. This is a multipurpose plant, widely used in traditional medicine around the world to treat various diseases such as indigestion, constipation, dysentery, abdominal distention, neurogenic gastralgia, chest pains, irregular menstruation, painful menstruation, skin diseases, furuncle infections, leprosy, sprains and bruises, and fever. It has the property of therapeutic actions such as analgesic, alternative, astringent, antispasmodic, antibacterial, carminative, contraceptive, demulcent, emmenagogue, emollient, febrifuge, immunostimulant, laxative, tonic, vermifuge. Pharmacognostical investigations are the first and foremost step to determine the identity and to assess the quality of plant species. The aim of the study was to evaluate the parameter to determine the quality of the rhizome of Cyperus rotundus L. These studies comprise to investigate macroscopy, microscopy, physicochemical parameters, preliminary phytochemical screening and fluorescence characteristics. The findings may provide useful information with regard to its identification and standardization in future.

Nootkatone from the Rhizomes of Cyperus rotundus Protects Against Ischemia-reperfusion Mediated Acute Myocardial Injury in the Rat

Nootkatone from the Rhizomes of Cyperus rotundus Protects Against Ischemia-reperfusion Mediated Acute Myocardial Injury in the Rat

Cedrol, a malaria mosquito oviposition attractant is produced by fungi isolated from rhizomes of the grass Cyperus rotundus.

BackgroundCedrol, a sesquiterpene alcohol, is the first identified oviposition attractant for African malaria vectors. Finding the natural source of this compound might help to elucidate why Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles arabiensis prefer to lay eggs in habitats containing it. Previous studies suggest that cedrol may be a fungal metabolite and the essential oil of grass rhizomes have been described to contain a high amount of different sesquiterpenes.ResultsRhizomes of the grass Cyperus rotundus were collected in a natural malaria mosquito breeding site. Two fungi were isolated from an aqueous infusion with these rhizomes. They were identified as Fusarium falciforme and a species in the Fusarium fujikuroi species complex. Volatile compounds were collected from the headspace above fungal cultures on Tenax traps which were analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GCMS). Cedrol and a cedrol isomer were detected in the headspace above the F. fujikuroi culture, while only cedrol was detected above the F. falciforme culture.ConclusionCedrol an oviposition attractant for African malaria vectors is produced by two fungi species isolated from grass rhizomes collected from a natural mosquito breeding site.

Identification of Neuroactive Constituents of the Ethyl Acetate Fraction from Cyperi Rhizoma Using Bioactivity-Guided Fractionation.

Cyperi Rhizoma (CR), the rhizome of Cyperus rotundus L., exhibits neuroprotective effects in in vitro and in vivo models of neuronal diseases. Nevertheless, no study has aimed at finding the neuroactive constituent(s) of CR. In this study, we identified active compounds in a CR extract (CRE) using bioactivity-guided fractionation. We first compared the anti-oxidative and neuroprotective activities of four fractions and the CRE total extract. Only the ethyl acetate (EA) fraction revealed strong activity, and further isolation from the bioactive EA fraction yielded nine constituents: scirpusin A (1), scirpusin B (2), luteolin (3), 6′-acetyl-3,6-diferuloylsucrose (4), 4′,6′ diacetyl-3,6-diferuloylsucrose (5), p-coumaric acid (6), ferulic acid (7), pinellic acid (8), and fulgidic acid (9). The activities of constituents 1–9 were assessed in terms of anti-oxidative, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anti-amyloid-β activities. Constituents 1, 2, and 3 exhibited strong activities; constituents 1 and 2 were characterized for the first time in this study. These results provide evidence for the value of CRE as a source of multi-functional neuroprotectants, and constituents 1 and 2 may represent new candidates for further development in therapeutic use against neurodegenerative diseases.

Chemical composition, antiproliferative, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of essential oils from aromatic plants growing in Sudan.

To explore the potential of essential oil, as therapeutic molecule source, from olibanum of Boswellia papyrifera (Burseraceae), leafy stems of Cymbopogon schoenanthus (Poaceae) and Croton zambesicus (Euphorbiaceae) and rhizome of Cyperus rotundus (Cyperaceae) found in Sudan. Respective essential oil was evaluated for anti-proliferative, antibacterial and antioxidant activity. Essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation and then analysed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Anti-proliferative activity was determined against human cell lines (MCF7 and MDA-MB231, HT29 and HCT116) by the thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) procedure. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by diphenyl 2 pycril hydrazil (DPPH) assay. Antibacterial activity was determined against two Gram-positive and two Gram-negative bacteria by microdilution method. The essential oil from olibanum of Boswellia papyrifera contained mainly alcohol and ester derivatives (46.82%) while monoterpenes (69.84%) dominated in Corton zambesicus oil. Sesquiterpenes were the most highly represented classes of terpene derivatives in Cyperus schoenanthus (71.59%) and Cyperus rotundus (44.26%). Oil of Cymbopogon schoenanthus revealed the best anti-proliferative activity against HCT116cell line with IC50 value at (19.1±2.0) μg/mL. Oil of Croton zambesicus showed the best antioxidant activity [EC50 (4.20±0.19) mg/mL]. All oils showed good antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value ranged from 16 to 250μg/mL. The results suggest that the essential oils of these plants could be used as a source of natural anti-proliferative, antioxidant and antibacterial agents.

Isocyperol, isolated from the rhizomes of Cyperus rotundus, inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory responses via suppression of the NF-κB and STAT3 pathways and ROS stress in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells

The rhizomes of Cyperus rotundus (cyperaceae) have been used in Korean traditional medicines for treating diverse inflammatory diseases. However, little is known about the biological activities of isocyperol, a sesquiterpene isolated from C. rotundus, and their associated molecular mechanisms. In this study, we found that isocyperol significantly inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of nitrite oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and suppressed LPS-induced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) at the mRNA and protein levels in RAW 264.7 macrophages. In addition, isocyperol downregulated the LPS-induced expression of several proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), IL-6, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1). Isocyperol treatment suppressed the LPS-induced nuclear translocation and transcriptional activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) in macrophages. Moreover, the activation of STAT3, another proinflammatory signal, was suppressed by isocyperol in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Isocyperol pretreatment also induced heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression and reduced LPS-stimulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in macrophages. Furthermore, isocyperol significantly increased the survival rate and attenuated serum levels of NO, PGE2, and IL-6 in LPS-induced septic shock mouse model. Taken together, these data indicate that isocyperol suppress septic shock through negative regulation of pro-inflammatory factors through inhibition of the NF-κB and STAT3 pathways and ROS. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the biological activity of isocyperol and its molecular mechanism of action.

Chemical Composition and Insecticidal Activity of the Essential Oil of Cyperus rotundus Rhizomes Against Liposcelis bostrychophila (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae)

During our screening program for new agrochemicals from the local wild plants and Chinese medicinal herbs, the essential oil of Cyperus rotundus rhizomes was found to possess strong insecticidal activities against the booklice, Liposcelis bostrychophila Badonnel. Essential oil of C. rotundus rhizomes was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry. A total of 35 components of the essential oil of C. rotundus were identified. The main components of the essential oil were α-cyperone (29.38%), cyperene (13.97%), caryophyllene oxide (6.71%) and β-selinene (6.47%). Bioactivities-directed chromatographic separation on repeated silica gel columns led to the isolation of two compounds: cyperene and α-cyperone. α-Cyperone exhibited pronounced contact toxicity against L. bostrychophila (LC50 = 41.32 μg/cm2) and was more toxic than cyperene (LC50= 50.08 μg/cm2) while the essential oil acting against the booklice showed an LC50 value of 102.11 μg/cm2. These results suggest that the essential oil of C. rotundus rhizome and the two isolated constituent compounds may be used in grain storage to combat insect pests.

ChemInform Abstract: New Iridoid Glycosides with Antidepressant Activity Isolated from Cyperus rotundus.

AbstractFrom the rhizomes of Cyperus rotundus, two new iridoid glycosides, named rotunduside G (Ia) and rotunduside H (Ib) are isolated together with known compounds.

New cycloartane glycosides from the rhizomes of Cyperus rotundus and their antidepressant activity

Two new cycloartane glycosides, cyprotusides A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the rhizomes of Cyperus rotundus. Their chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of IR, MS, NMR spectroscopic analyses coupled with chemical degradation. The potential antidepressant activity of the two compounds was evaluated. In the despair mice models, compounds 1 and 2 showed significant antidepressant activity.

Chemical structure of cyperotundic acid from rhizomes of Cyperus rotundus

Thirteen compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of the rhizomes of Cyperus rotundus(Xiangfu) by means of various chromatographic techniques(silica gel, Al2O3, Sephadex LH-20, MCI GEL CHP-20P and HPLC), and their structures were identified as cyperotundic acid(1),(4S, 5E, 10R)-7-oxo-trinoreudesm-5-en-4β-ol(2), 4-hydroxy-4, 7-dimethyl-1-tetralone(3), taraxerone(4), dammaradienyl acetate(5), zeorin(6), sarmentine(7), guineensine(8), pellitorine(9), caprolactam(10), liriodendrin(11), 3-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-[4-(3-hydroxy-1-(E)-propenyl)-2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy]propyl-β-D-glucopyranoside(12)and 1-(3, 4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-1E-tetradecene(13) by extensive spectroscopic analyses(IR, MS, 1D-and 2D-NMR). Compound 1 was a new rearranged sesquiterpene and named as cyperotundic acid, which did not obey the isoprene rule.Compounds 2-13 were obtained from the genus Cyperus for the first time.

Valencene from the Rhizomes of Cyperus rotundus Inhibits Skin Photoaging-Related Ion Channels and UV-Induced Melanogenesis in B16F10 Melanoma Cells.

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation deeply penetrates skin and causes inflammation and pigmentary changes and triggers immune responses. Furthermore, accumulating evidence suggests that calcium ion channels, such as TRPV1 and ORAI1, mediate diverse dermatological processes including melanogenesis, skin wrinkling, and inflammation. The rhizomes of Cyperus rotundus have been used to treat inflammatory diseases including dermatitis. However, their effects on UV-induced photoaging-related ion channels remain unknown. Therefore, this study was undertaken to evaluate the antagonistic effects of C. rotundus extract and their constituents on TRPV1 and ORAI1 channels. Electrophysiological analysis revealed that valencene (1) isolated from the hexane fraction potently inhibited capsaicin-induced TRPV1 and ORAI1 currents at 90 μM (69 ± 15% and 97 ± 2% at -60 and -120 mV, respectively). The inhibitory effect of 1 on cytoplasmic Ca(2+) concentrations in response to ORAI1 activation (85 ± 2% at 50 μM) was also confirmed. Furthermore, 1 concentration-dependently decreased the melanin content after UVB irradiation in murine B16F10 melanoma cells by 82.66 ± 2.14% at 15 μg/mL. These results suggest that C. rotundus rhizomes have potential therapeutic effects on UV-induced photoaging and indicate that the therapeutic and cosmetic applications of 1 are worth further investigation.

ChemInform Abstract: Sesquiterpenes from Rhizomes of Cyperus rotundus with Cytotoxic Activities on Human Cancer Cells in vitro.

Abstractisolation, structure elucidation and cytotoxic activities of two new sesquiterpenes, cyperusol A3 (I) and 3β‐hydroxycyperenoic acid (II), together with three already known sesquiterpenes

New Iridoid Glycosides with Antidepressant Activity Isolated from Cyperus rotundus.

Based on bioactive screening results, two new iridoid glycosides, named rotunduside G (1) and rotunduside H (2), were isolated from the rhizomes of Cyperus rotundus, together with four known ones, negundoside (3), nishindaside (4), isooleuropein (5) and neonuezhenide (6). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods and from literature values. In mice models of despair, 1 and 2 showed significant antidepressant activity.

Access to enhanced catalytic core–shell CuO–Pd nanoparticles for the organic transformations

This paper describes the biosynthesis of core–shell CuO–Pd nanocatalysts with the aid of aCyperus rotundusrhizome extract.

Sesquiterpenes from the rhizome of Cyperus rotundus with cytotoxicity on human cancer cells in vitro

Sesquiterpenes from the rhizome of Cyperus rotundus with cytotoxicity on human cancer cells in vitro