Rhizome Research Articles

Rhizoma Pleionis inhibits of breast cancer epithelial-mesenchymal transition by VEGF-A related angiogenesis

Objective To investigate the Rhizoma Pleionis mediating vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A)-related angiogenesis in breast cancer cells to inhibit epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in breast cancer. Methods Firstly, the proliferation activity of MDA-MB-231 and 4T1 of breast cancer cells was detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) method at different concentrations (0.2 g/ml, 0.4 g/ml, 0.6 g/ml, 0.8 g/ml, 1.0 g/ml); secondly, the specific concentration of Rhizoma Pleionis was selected and tested by Transwell test for its effect on breast cancer cell metastasis and invasion. The formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) capillary wall was measured to detect the effect of Rhizoma Pleionis on cell angiogenesis. The EMT-related protein and angiogenesis-related molecules were detected by Western blot. Results MTT results showed that Rhizoma Pleionis of 0.8 g/ml and 1.0 g/ml can inhibit the MDA-MB-231 and 4T1 cells proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, with statistically significant difference (P<0.05). Rhizoma Pleionis can inhibit the invasion of breast cancer cells and inhibit the formation of blood vessel walls in HUVECs. Western blot confirmed that the expression level of EMT-related proteins: E-cadherin was significantly increased and the expression level of N-cadherin, Vimentin and Snail was significantly decreased after treatment with Rhizoma Pleionis (P<0.05); and the level of the related molecule hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), VEGF-A and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) was significantly reduced (P<0.05). Conclusions Rhizoma Pleionis inhibits the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of breast cancer by influencing the angiogenesis of VEGF-A, and inhibits the invasion and metastasis of breast cancer. Key words: CREMASTRA VARIABILIS; Vascular endothelial growth factor A; Breast neoplasms; Tumor cells, cultured; Epithelial-mesenchymal transition

Protocol for vegetative propagation of Trillium govanianum Wall ex D. Don

Trillium govanianum Wall ex D. Don (Melanthiaceae) is a perennial rhizomatous herb endemic to the Himalayas. The species has high commercial demand and is threatened in the Indian Himalayas. The potential of T. govanianum for ex situ regeneration (vegetative and in vitro propagation) was investigated. For vegetative propagation, whole rhizomes with incisions at apical portion, and apical, middle and distal sections of rhizomes were used. In vitro regeneration potential of the species was tested by using roots (R), rhizomes (RH), leaves (L), stems (S), shoot tips (ST) and complete shoot buds (CSB) as explants in MS medium/modified MS medium. The apical portions of the rhizomes were found capable of developing roots and buds. Middle and distal portion of the rhizomes did not respond; they were either rotted or did not show any growth. Multiple buds (2–4) and roots (2–5 each bud) were induced in the rhizomes given incisions at the apical portion. Of the different explants type tested for in vitro propagation; only ST and CSB were found capable of developing shoots and callus-like structures. The CSB (obtained from vegetative propagation) cultured on different media types developed complete plantlets. The maximum leaf area was recorded from the CSB cultured on ½ strength MS medium supplemented with 60 g/l sucrose, 1 % activated charcoal and BA (2.5 ppm). The present study offers first reliable propagation protocol of the species whereby two means of propagation i.e. vegetative propagation and tissue culture complement each other for the generation of a simple protocol.

Notoginsenoside R1: A systematic review of its pharmacological properties.

Notoginsenoside R1 is one of major bioactive compounds extracted from Panax notoginseng (Burk.) dry roots and rhizomes of F.H. Chen, which has been increasingly used for enhancing cognition and physical health worldwide. The objective of this study was to review the pharmacological effects of notoginsenoside R1 in a systematic manner. We performed searches on databases including MEDLINE (Pubmed), Google Scholar and Web of Science, the System for Information on to select the original research publications reporting the biological and pharmacological effects of notoginsenoside R1 from in vitro and in vivo studies regardless of publication language and study design. Notoginsenoside R1 exhibited potent characteristics of neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptosis and anti-ischemia-reperfusion injury properties etc. The cytotoxic effects of notoginsenoside R1 were dependent on different types of cell lines. Other pharmacological effects including accumulation of lipopolysac chaired-induced microcirculation, endothelial injury, hypoxia-reoxygenation injury effects have been mentioned, but the results were considerably diverged. A higher quality of evidence on clinical trial studies is highly recommended to confirm the efficacy of notoginsenoside R1.

Evaluation of hepatoprotective, antioxidant and cytotoxic properties of aqueous extract of turmeric rhizome (Turmesac)

In the present study, the hepatoprotective, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of aqueous extract of turmeric rhizome (Turmesac®) were evaluated. In brief, Turmesac® was extracted from turmeric rhizome. 3-(4,5- dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT) assay was used to evaluate the hepatoprotective and cytotoxic activities of the Turmesac® against the human liver (HUH-7) and breast cancer (MCF-7) cell lines, respectively. The extract was further tested for antioxidant activity using the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazy radical (DPPH) which was compared with standard butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). Turmesac® showed significant cytotoxic potential against the MCF-7 cell lines with IC50 values of 163.19 µg/ml and show no cytotoxic potential against the HUH-7 cell lines. Turmesac® was used to stimulate hydrogen peroxide (H2O2-200 µM); a dose - dependent suppression of the toxic nature of H2O2 by the extract was observed. This confirmed the hepatoprotective potential of Turmesac®. The significant antioxidant activity of Turmesac® and standard BHT was observed at IC50 235.04 and 82.65 µg/mL, respectively. Further investigations will be carried out to evaluate the in vivo hepatoprotective activity of Turmesac®. Key words: Turmesac®, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, cell viability.

El arte como espacio de rencuentro: influencias rizomáticas entre infancia y artistas residentes en la escuela

Entendiendo el arte como espacio de encuentro, el proyecto Espacio C invita jóvenes artistas a realizar una residencia en escuelas de Barcelona, con el objetivo principal de crear sinergias entre arte y educación. La escuela cede un espacio para crear un taller artístico, el cual utilizará el artista residente y los niños y niñas de la escuela. El taller se convierte en un espacio compartido, donde el aprendizaje aparece por contaminación, entre el mundo adulto y la infancia. Esta investigación muestra algunas de las influencias que los artistas provocan en los niños y niñas; así como los cambios en los procesos creativos de los artistas, generados por su contacto con los procesos de la infancia. La investigación ha sido realizada des de una perspectiva de Investigación Educativa basada en las Artes, con la intención de revelar estrategias de mejora en educación artística. La narrativa visual Cables y Rizomas, construida mediante el diálogo entre fotografías propias y pinturas de Juan Uslé (Santander, 1954), forma parte de los resultados de la investigación. Este Foto Ensayo sitúa el lector en un sistema rizomático de relaciones y aprendizajes compartidos. Como artista/docente/investigadora propongo, más que obtener datos objetivos sobre un tema educativo, participar en la creación de conocimiento en relación el mundo educativo, invitando al lector a cuestionarse sus propias preguntas y posicionarse con este.

Effects of &lt;i&gt;Curcuma longa&lt;/i&gt; Rhizoma on MIA-induced Osteoarthritis in Rat Model

Effects of &lt;i&gt;Curcuma longa&lt;/i&gt; Rhizoma on MIA-induced Osteoarthritis in Rat Model

Two New Cholestanol Glycosides from the Roots and Rhizomes of Smilacina henryi

Two New Cholestanol Glycosides from the Roots and Rhizomes of Smilacina henryi

Rapid identification of ginseng medicinal materials by differential scanning calorimetry

Objective To explore a quick and simple method to identify ginseng medicinal materials. Methods Twenty types of ginseng medicinal materials were collected. The effects of two important factors: temperature and heating rate on differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were investigated. The DSC features were used to quickly identify Radix et Rhizoma Notoginseng, Radix et Rhizoma Ginseng, Radix Panacis Quinquefolii and Panna ginseng C.A.Mey. Results The optimal experimental conditions for rapid identification of Radix et Rhizoma Notoginseng, Radix et Rhizoma Ginseng, Radix Panacis Quinquefolii and Panna ginseng C.A.Mey by DSC were determined: temperature range 30-400 ℃, heating rate 30 ℃/min. Under these conditions, the characteristic peak temperature and thermal enthalpy value can be used to distinguish four kinds of ginseng. Conclusions The experiment shows that the DSC method has the advantages of simple operation, rapid measurement, good reproducibility, easy analysis of the spectrum and less sample consumption. It is a new method for quickly identifying Chinese medicinal materials of ginseng genus. Key words: Panax; Calorimetry, differential scanning; Traditional Chinese drug identification

La Desterritorilización y el Agenciamiento de los Conocimientos. Una invocación urgente a la investigación universitaria en la postmodernidad

Recibido: 20 de febrero del 2019Aprobado: 01 de marzo del 2019Abordar las realidades en la sociedad postmoderna plena de fragilidades, líquida, de incertezas, complejidad y multiplicación de saberes es un desafío permanente para la investigación universitaria, emplaza a co-construir un conocimiento de respetabilidad científica y sensible a esta transitoriedad; ello precisa la utilización de una gran diversidad de métodos, estrategias y procedimientos para estudiar lo que Deleuze y Guattari (2008) llaman multiplicidades y acontecimientos, es decir, las múltiples dimensiones de un evento y la esencia-existencia de esa entidad. Ello invoca un pensamiento investigativo, rizomático, en devenir, una haecceidad para captar la multiplicidad, nunca total, de la realidad social. Ante esta situación fenoménica me propuse visionar los procesos investigativos desde la óptica migratoria, la cual subsume en su esencia las profundas nociones filosóficas de las deslocalizaciones de los saberes; realidades plenas de agenciamientos y desterritorilización-reterritorialización que las universidades han de considerar en la gestión investigativa. La hermenéutica fue la aliada epistémica de la investigadora para dialogar con los relatos filosóficos de los pensadores precitados con la intención de edificar un territorio franco a la transdisciplinariedad, la complementariedad de métodos-metodologías, para abordar la complejidad de lo real; creación de un espacio óntico, de aperturas epistemológicas, de agenciamiento de conocimientos devenidos de la desterritorilización de los distintos campos paradigmáticos, migraciones de saberes, líneas de fuga para generar espacios críticos no hegemónicos de enunciación del yo investigativo que conduzcan a movimientos pendulares de desterritorialización–reterritorialización de conocimientos, devenires, que conectan prácticas humanas en esa línea imaginaria del encuentro epistemológico, reconfigurando nuevas maneras de hacer ciencia.

Study on multi-target mechanism of Radix et Rhizoma Rhei (Dahuang) and Semen Persicae (Taoren) on adhesion intestinal obstruction based on network pharmacology

Study on multi-target mechanism of Radix et Rhizoma Rhei (Dahuang) and Semen Persicae (Taoren) on adhesion intestinal obstruction based on network pharmacology

Study on the content of aflatoxin B1 in 35 traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces

Objective To investigate the contamination of aflatoxin B1 in traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces.and to provide evidence for the development of sdandards and scientific management. Methods Immunoaffinity column and post-column photochemical derivatization were used to detect and quantify aflatoxin B1 in 35 traditional Chinese medicines. Results A total of 48.57%(17 out of 35 batches) traditional Chinese medicine were contained aflatoxin B1. The contents of aflatoxin B1 in all contaminated varieties were less than 1μg/kg, except for Sterculia lychnophorae Semen, Foeniculi Fructus, Corydalis Rhizoma, which exceeded the standard. Conclusions The tested traditional Chinese medicine are highly contaminated of aflatoxin, it is necessary to further study the increase of aflatoxin content under the examination of Chinese Pharmacopoeia Foeniculi Fructus and Corydalis Rhizoma to better control its quality. The degree of aflatoxin B1 pollution is reated to the site of drug use and the place of origin. Key words: Assay (TCD); Aflatoxin B1; Immunoaffinity column; Photochemical derivatization

Pythiogeton manoomin, a new species causing root and basal stalk rot of wild rice in the United States

ABSTRACTA new species of Pythiogeton isolated from wild rice exhibiting rot and dieback of roots and stalks in California is described. Pythiogeton manoomin sp. nov. is characterized by coenocytic hyphae, club-like appressorium, and terminal or intercalary sporangia, which are often a short distance from the end of supporting hyphae. The protoplasm is discharged through a discharge tube into an elongate transient vesicle, which soon disappears, leaving the naked protoplasm to differentiate into reniform zoospores. Pythiogeton manoomin also produces thick-walled pigmented chlamydospores, not found in other Pythiogeton species. In greenhouse trials, Pg. manoomin did not infect economically important crops such as rice, bean, chard, corn, carrot, lettuce, oat, radish, sweet pepper, tomato, or wheat. Phylogenetic analysis based on ITS data supports the conclusion that this organism is a new species that is most closely related to Pg. ramosum. In this paper, we describe morphological characteristics, temperature–growth relationships, pathogenicity, and phylogenetic relationships that support the description of this taxon as a new species, Pythiogeton manoomin sp. nov.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:4C63AAA4-4D4A-4679-A344-79B75121A5C6

Influence of seed treatment with botanicals and chemicals on storability of Kabuli chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) varieties

The storage experiment was carried out at Seed Quality and Research Laboratory, Seed Unit (National Seed Project), University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad from March 2017 to March 2018 to study the influence of seed treatment with botanicals and chemicals on storability of Kabuli chickpea varieties. Seed quality parameters were significantly influenced among varieties and seed treatment with botanicals and chemicals. Among the treatments, seed treatment with Sprint (Mancozeb 50 % + Carbendazim 25 % WS) @ 2 g per kg of seed or Vitavax power @ 3 g/kg of seed or Sweet flag rhizome @ 10 g/kg of seed maintained seed quality for more than ten months during storage. However, Sweet flag rhizome @ 10 g/kg of seed can be used as alternative to chemicals which is safe, eco-friendly and economically feasible for maintaining seed quality for organic seed growers/producers and seed companies.

Comprehensive Investigation on Metabolites of Wild-Simulated American Ginseng Root Based on Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry.

Aiming to evaluate the similarities and differences of the phytochemicals in different morphological regions of wild-simulated American ginseng (WsAG) root, the comprehensive metabolite profiling of main root (MR), branch root (BR), rhizome (RH), adventitious root (AR), and fibrous root (FR) was performed on the basis of ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry for the first time. First, in the screening analysis, a total of 128 shared compounds were identified or tentatively characterized. The results showed that these five parts were all rich in phytochemicals and contained similar structure types. Second, in the untargeted metabolomic study, it was found that there indeed existed differences between the MR&BR group, RH&AR group, and FR part when considering the contents of every ingredient. A total of 31 (12, 7, and 12 for MR&BR, RH&AR, and FR, respectively) potential chemical markers enabling the differentiation were discovered. This comprehensive phytochemical profile study revealed the structural diversity of secondary metabolites and the similar/different patterns in five morphological regions of WsAG root. It could provide chemical evidence for the rational application of different parts of WsAG root.

Comparative analysis on the quality standards of Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma in Chinese Pharmacopoeia, European Pharmacopoeia, Japanese Pharmacopoeia, Korean Pharmacopoeia and Hong Kong Chinese Materia Medica Standards

Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma is a common traditional Chinese medicine with huge demand. In this paper, quality standards of Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma in Chinese Pharmacopoeia, Japanese Pharmacopoeia, Korean Pharmacopoeia, European Pharmacopoeia and Hong Kong Chinese Materia Medica Standards were compared and analyzed. It aims to understand the similarities and differences of the quality standards of Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma between Chinese Pharmacopoeia and other pharmacopoeias, and learn the advantages of them to provide the reference for improving the quality standard of Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma. Key words: Atractmlodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma; Chinese Pharmacopoeia; European Pharmacopoeia; Japanese Pharmacopoeia; Korean Pharmacopoeia; Hong Kong Chinese Materia Medica Standards; Quality standard

Quality standard analysis and research for Wuji-Jianwei granules

Objective To establish the quality standard of Wuji-Jianwei granules. Methods The contents of Bupleuri Radix, Codonopsis Radix, Paeoniae Radix Alba, Corydalis Rhizoma in Wuji-Jianwei granules were identified by using the thin layer chromatography (TLC) method. The contents of peoniflorin was determined by the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Results The TLC had strong specificity and high separation, negative control without interference. The linear range was 0.124 8-0.748 8 μg for peoniflorin (r=0.999 6). The average recovery was 94.42% (RSD=1.46%) and the content of peoniflorin was 0.725 3 mg/g. Conclusions The method is accurate and reasonable, and can be used for the quality control of Wuji-Jianwei granules. Key words: Quality control; Bupleuri radix; Codonopsis radix; Paeoniae radix alba; Corydalis rhizoma; Peoniflorin; Wuji-Jianwei granules

Progress toward the clinical application of Rhodiolae Crenulatae Radix et Rhizoma

Rhodiolae Crenulatae Radix et Rhizoma is a precious traditional Chinese medicine and has extensive pharmacological effects, such as anti-hypoxic, anti-fatigue, anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, lowing blood sugar, heart and brain protection. It has been applied to the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, nervous diseases, respiratory diseases, endocrine diseases, fracture problems, emotional stress, and skin diseases. The present review summarized the literature about its clinical use, which would provide a reference for further utilization. Key words: Rhodiolae Crenulatae Radix et Rhizoma; Anti-fatigue drugs (TCD); Cardiovascular drugs (TCD); Antineoplastic drugs (TCD); Antidepressive Agents (TCD); Alzheimer disease; Parkinson disease; Review

Prokinetic Activities of Extracts from the Dried Rhizomes and Roots of Gentiana scabra Bunge in Mice

Prokinetic Activities of Extracts from the Dried Rhizomes and Roots of Gentiana scabra Bunge in Mice

A Study on the Utilization of the Rhizome feature of Apartment House Community Space

A Study on the Utilization of the Rhizome feature of Apartment House Community Space

Inhibitory effect of extract of Coptidis Rhizoma on invasion of Candida albicans hyphae in vitro

The aim of this paper was to investigate the inhibitory effect of extract of Coptidis Rhizoma(ECR) on invasion of Candida albicans hyphae in vitro.XTT reduction method was used to evaluate the metabolic activity of C.albicans.The colony edge growth of C.albicans was observed by solid medium.The growth of C.albicans hyphae was determined on semi-solid medium.The morphology and viability changes of C.albicans hyphae were assessed by scanning electron microscope and fluorescence microscope.qRT-PCR method was used to detect the ALS3 and SSA1 expression of C.albicans invasin genes.The results showed that the metabolic viability by XTT method detected that the activity of C.albicans was gradually decreased under the intervention of 64,128 and 256 mg·L-1 of ECR respectively.128,256 mg·L-1 of ECR significantly inhibited colony folds and wrinkles on solid medium and the hyphal invasion in semi-solid medium.Scanning electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy showed that 128,256 mg·L-1 of ECR could inhibit the formation of C.albicans hyphae.qRT-PCR results showed that the expression of invasin gene ALS3 and SSA1 was down-regulated,and especially 256 mg·L-1 of ECR could down-regulate the two genes expression by 4.8,1.68 times respectively.This study showed that ECR can affect the invasiveness of C.albicans by inhibiting the growth of hyphae and the expression of invasin.