Rhetorical Context Research Articles

Diagnostic Frameworks in Arabic Poetry

Poets have relied in poetry on metaphorical performance, the effectiveness of which begins with groups of semantic transformations. Rhetoricians often begin metaphor analysis by discussing diagnosis, as it represents the two sides of the basic transformation. It is an advanced stage and an important means of drawing the metaphorical image to discover the poet's inner world and explore his unknown worlds, and his inner feelings with what he possesses of symbolic and psychological rules. The concept of personification overlaps with the concept of metaphorical performance through a set of rhetorical analyses by highlighting the similar graphic relation between these analyses. Metaphorical performance aims to convey the information, knowledge and experiences to the recipient by a productive diagnostic structure within the framework of a successive graphic and rhetorical structure of interconnected images. Thus, every metaphorical performance has its diagnostic units and its harmony in a specific rhetorical context constitutes a rhetorical transformation, whether in poetry or prose. The reader of a metaphorical text becomes a party to the diagnostic text, as the diagnosis is represented in the unnatural language relations, and this matter makes us consider the metaphorical text an achievement of a rhetorical system and a material embodiment of it.

The Historical Approach to New Testament Rhetorical Criticism: A Rhetorical Analysis of 1 Corinthians 15

The historical approach to New Testament rhetorical criticism uses ancient Greco-Roman rhetorical theory and practice to better understand the rhetoric and rhetorical context of the New Testament. Since most Bible scholars and students are unfamiliar with ancient Greco-Roman rhetoric, this article summarizes and explains Greco-Roman rhetoric in an accessible way so that non-experts can understand and apply the historical method of New Testament rhetorical criticism. It provides a rigorous step-by-step process for doing rhetorical analysis followed by a rhetorical analysis of 1 Corinthians 15 as an example of the method. This analysis displays Paul’s rhetorical prowess in 1 Corinthians 15 and demonstrates that Paul had more than a passing familiarity with Greco-Roman rhetoric. Overall, this article shows that rhetorical criticism is an indispensable and essential tool needed in the arsenal of biblical exegetes for understanding the New Testament in its original contexts.

Sonja K. Foss: Invitational Rhetoric as a Feminist Challenge to the Rhetorical Tradition

In this essay, Sonja K. Foss is interviewed by Helene A. Shugart about invitational rhetoric, a form of rhetoric rooted in feminist principles that challenges the classical rhetorical tradition’s focus on persuasion. She begins by describing key events that led to her interest in both rhetoric and feminism and notes the feminist and rhetorical contexts in which invitational rhetoric developed. She explains the key tenets and assumptions of invitational rhetoric and its reception in the communication discipline and provides some real world applications of the theory. She offers another example of a project in which she integrates feminism and rhetoric – her theorizing of two paradigms of change – and concludes by suggesting how she applies in her own life some of the major concepts that emerged from her integration of feminism and rhetoric.

An Egyptian View of the Monotheism of Second Isaiah

Abstract: This article reexamines the contested issue of the nature of the monotheism of Second Isaiah. I approach this subject with an interdisciplinary method that compares the declarations of monotheism in Second Isaiah with those in ancient Egyptian religious texts (primarily hymns). I argue that the Egyptian material may illuminate the monotheistic declarations of Second Isaiah by setting those declarations in a cross-cultural ancient Near Eastern rhetorical context. This comparative approach reinforces the reading of the text that sees Second Isaiah's monotheism as a monotheism of perspective that exalts Yhwh above the gods of the nations, rather than as a strict ontological monotheism that altogether denies the existence of deities other than Yhwh. This article, accordingly, makes the additional case for the utility of Egyptian evidence in topics related to critical biblical scholarship.

Genealogies in Antique Mythography and Works of Early Christian Appologists: Features of the Rhetorical Context

Ancient Literature contains diverse genealogies of characters which played an important role in religious cult and culture in general – in Ancient Greek Religion they were heroes, whereas in Early Christianity characters of The Scripture. The current article presents comparison of approaches to the interpretation and genealogy construction in ancient mythography and Early Christian Literature of apologetic in the period of II–III AC. The genre of ancient mythography represents texts heterogeneous in form, united by mythological content. However, an important feature of this type of literature is that it combines the antiquarian, historical, artistic and religious motives of the author in different proportions. This combination can be demonstrated by the example of the work of mythographers with the genealogies of heroes preserved in literature and oral tradition. At the same time, many early Christian authors, for their apologetic purposes, dealt with the problems of history and in one way or another addressed the problem of harmonization of genealogies, and the main genealogical problem for them was the genealogy of Jesus. The author of the article considers mythography as a literary and historical context for the establishment and justification of certain versions of the origin of Jesus. This study discovers common ways of modification of pedigree versions of Greek heroes and Jesus in both types of literature respectively. Due to this it is proposed to expand the scope of the concept of “mythographic discourse”, which was introduced in modern scholarly literature to characterize the subgenre of ancient rhetoric, on the Early Christian Literature of the Late Antiquity.

“But I Hate Him Just the Same”: On the Rise of Concessive Markers with Same

Concessivity in English is often associated with structures like Although it was hot, she went running. Although introduces a subordinate clause. There are also several markers of concessivity associated with coordinate structures, among them, all the same and nevertheless. The development of coordinate markers of concessivity has received little attention. Here I compare the histories of three markers that arose from expressions of identity: all the same, just the same, and at the same time. All arose at various times in Late Modern English. Rich rhetorical contexts for the development of concessive uses of all the same ‘exactly the same’ are attested in corpora. Contexts for the later development in the US of just the same are less rich, and analogy to all the same is probable. Both came to be well entrenched in concessive use and are used in clause-final as well as clause-initial and occasionally clause-medial position. By contrast, at the same time functions only marginally as a concessive. It is also used as an elaborator and is not attested in clause-final position. Data are analyzed from the perspective of Diachronic Construction Grammar. Implications for some current debates are discussed, specifically for establishing when a construction has come into being, what kinds of contexts enable this emergence, and what level of abstraction is appropriate for analysis of sets of related constructions. Finally, some modifications of hypotheses about position of connectives relative to the clause are suggested.

쓰기 능력 발달 척도 개발 및 타당화

Based on Bereiter’s (1980) theoretical model of the development of writing abilities, this study developed and validated a scale applicable to Korean high school and college students with 25 items (5 items per factor) in five factors divided into “associative, performative, communicative, unified, and epistemic writing.” In addition, the simplex assumption was checked to see if the five stages of the development of writing abilities identified by Bereiter were developmentally connected as per the original theoretical model.
 The main findings of the study are as follows: First, associative, performative, communicative, and unified writing were developmentally linked, while epistemic writing was not. Second, associative writing was either negatively correlated with other factors or its values were not statistically significant. Third, considering rhetorical context, including readers’ level, interest, response, and counterargument, was inversely related to fluency in written language production and idea generation.

Intersectionality as researchers’ and participants’ resource: A commentary on the contributions to the Special Issue

The aim of this commentary is to relate the papers contributing to this special issue to the broader directions and orientations of psychological research on intersectionality. It is argued that, in common with existing psychological research, the contributions to the current issue either explore how social actors stereotype others in light of their intersecting social identities or focus on the potential psychological and social implications of holding intersecting subordinate identities (including gender). It is also maintained that while intersectionality has mainly constituted the researcher’s concern and analytic lens, a future research agenda, as it is indicated by some of the contributions, should involve the study of intersectionality as participants’ concern and resource and the investigation of the (proximal and distal) implications of its use in different social and rhetorical contexts.

The Request Construction in the Diwan of (Al-Shamakh bin Dirar Al-Dhubyani) A Rhetorical Study

This study examined the imperative construction: the command, the interrogative, the prohibition, the call, and the wish. In the Diwan of Al-Shamakh bin Dirar; where the poetic verses were monitored in each of the topics of the student's creation, and the rhetorical meanings that he came out with. What is new in this study is that it is the first to study the demanded composition in the poetry of a glorious poet, Al-Shammakh bin Dirar Al-Dhubyani. As his poetry did not receive such a study, it sought to employ what was written by rhetoric scholars, in an attempt to explore the demanded composition in the poetry of Al-Shamakh. The study adopted the descriptive analytical approach, which is based on counting the number of times the poet used each of the methods of requesting composition, and analyzing the rhetorical contexts in which these methods were mentioned. The study included an introduction, a preface, and three topics. In the introduction, I dealt with the life of the poet, his poetry, his status, and the definition of composition and its types. As for the detectives; In it, I dealt with the request composition in the poet's diwan, and the rhetorical meanings that came out to it.

Preliminary Sentences from a Rhetorical Perspective

The purpose of the research is to identify the characteristics that should be reported in the first sentence of the text. An eloquent statement, in which the first sentence investigates its role. This paper starts with an introduction, followed by an epilogue that outlined the outcome of the research. In the light of the applications adopted by the research, text of prophetic speech, rhetoric and poetry in drawing the relationships between the sentences you stand as well as in drawing the rhetorical context.

Persuasive Function of Sound Figures in Augustine’s Homilies on the Psalms of Ascents and Their Translation into Modern Languages

Augustine’s sermons and exegetical homilies have been recently studied by modern scholars not only from the point of view of their contents but also their rhetorical form. This is true especially in those cases where we deal with authentic speeches reflecting the language culture of his audience. One of the most characteristic features of Augustine’s homiletic style is antithetic parallelism which occurs frequently in his homilies on Psalms and results from the author’s own way of thinking. Here we do not deal that much with the biblical parallelism of thought, present in the Hebrew poetry, particularly in Psalms, prophetic speeches, etc., but rather with that which was introduced in Greek by Gorgias, i.e., parallelism of words and sentence structure (parallelismus membrorum). Antithetic parallelism is often accompanied by rhyme (Gr. homoioteleuton) or by assonance. This phenomenon might be observed already in Indo-European poetics but in the rhetorical context of Augustine’s anti-Donatist preaching it serves quite different purposes. By using these and other sound figures (like alliteration, repetition, anaphora, epiphora, etc.) the bishop of Hippo wants not only to please his audience but also to instruct them and, first and foremost, persuade them to return to the Catholic church. Does he use these figures spontaneously imitating the folk culture of his audience, or is he constantly aware of their persuasive force? These and other related questions have already captured attention of several Augustinian scholars of the last decades, so in the present paper we would like to contribute to this foregoing discussion focusing mostly on the persuasive aspect of selected sound figures occurring in Augustine’s Enarrationes in Psalmos 119-133. Moreover, our aim is to show to which extent they were a part of bishop’s thoroughly considered plan of his homilies, and finally we would like to point out the importance of preserving at least some of these figures in modern translations of Augustine’s homilies.

현대중국어 ‘X不到哪裡去’ 구문의 형성 원인과 기제 연구

In this paper, we use the theory of constructionalization to discuss the formation, motivation and mechanism of the the negative construction ‘X bu dao na li qu (不到哪里去)’.BR First of all, ‘X bu dao na li qu’comes from the rhetorical question “X dao na li qu”. The negative meaning comes from the speakers’ doubts of the behavior of ‘X bu dao na li qu’. In fact, he does not believe this kind of behavior is possible. Then, ‘X bu dao na li qu’ absorbs the negative information conveyed by the rhetorical context and highlights the negative information with a negative mark to form the negative structure of ‘X bu dao na li qu’. It makes negation from the pragmatic meaning of ‘X dao na li qu’ to the grammatical meaning of ‘X bu dao na li qu’ which results in the phenomenon of pragmatic grammaticalization. In the process of the evolution from “X dao na li qu” to “X bu dao na li qu”, the structural correspondence principle of form-meaning relationship is the motivation, the absorption of context is an important way and the neoanalysis is the mechanism to promote the change of the basic structure of language form.

PECULIARITIES OF REPRODUCING EXPRESSIVE MEANS IN POLITICAL SPEECHES TRASLATION

The translation of political speeches is crucial in today's globalized world, where leaders communicate with audiences of different languages and cultures. Reproducing expressive devices is particularly important as it significantly affects the understanding and interpretation of the message. This study aims to identify the peculiarities of reproducing expressive means in political speeches translation, including metaphors, allegories, antitheses, and other rhetorical devices used by prominent politicians.The primary goal is to ensure that the translated speech accurately conveys the intended message and style of the speaker while adapting them to the cultural and linguistic context of the target audience. Materials and methods of research involved analyzing speeches of famous politicians in the source language, working with native speakers of the target language to ensure accuracy and cultural sensitivity and reviewing the translated speech for clarity, coherence, and persuasiveness.The study's results indicate that the translation of expressive means requires careful consideration of cultural, linguistic, and rhetorical contexts, and appropriate target language equivalents to maintain the integrity of the original message and style. The understanding of these nuances can enhance cross-cultural communication and foster global cooperation. In conclusion, the study highlights the importance of reproducing expressive means in political speeches translation to ensure clear, coherent, and persuasive communication across languages and cultures.

DECODING SILENCE IN THE AISLE OF POWER ACQUISITION IN COETZEE’S DISGRACE AND KING’S GERALD’S GAMES

‘Silence’ refers to the forbearance from ambient audible sounds and writings. In a rhetorical context, silence can be seen as a gesture of the ‘pregnant pause’, where the moment of silence denotes the omission of noise and signifies a space left for ponderous thoughts. Silence itself is an expression well described by authors like Thomas Hardy, Maya Angelou, J.M. Coetzee, Stephen King, and Jay Asher. Since, the concept of silence is intertwined with violating women’s honour, it finds its expression in the form of psychological trauma and incomprehensible emotions. In Disgrace, J.M Coetzee shatters the premonitions expected of women in a situation of brutal rape by depicting the power of silence to venture out for new options through Lucy's portrayal. Unlike Coetzee, Stephen King, in his novel Gerald’s Game, portrays its offset by critiquing Jessie’s silence, which thrust her into hard times. This paper aims to explore the nuances of silence in the selected novels of Coetzee and King and also tries to highlight the relation of silence with resilience as well as power acquisition associated with a promise of comfort.

Translation of legal language and the problem of equivalence

The field of law and its legal language, permanently influence the lives of the members of the society. Legal language is thought to be complex, pompous, laborious, sinuous, archaic, and exaggerative syntax constructions. Due to its complexity, a great number of people do not fully understand important documents (their rights and obligations granted by a constitution), decisions expressed by a court or by a tribunal, the regulations embodied in a statue, or the legal terms specified in a contract. We should take into consideration a very important aspect - the translation of legal language. In this paper, we will deal with the translation of legal texts, which is not simply a matter of linguistic transference, but an attempt to communicate someone else’s message through another language. We will show how the translator has to focus on a complex network of factors, in order to perform an accurate translation, such as the context of situation, the intended use of the translation, the communicative purpose, the generic knowledge, the rhetorical context. Translators must have basic knowledge of the legal cultures and systems of the source and target languages, and they must be aware of the differences of these cultures and even of the absence of equivalent concepts.

Writing Feedback and the Success of English as an Additional Language (EAL) Doctoral Students: The Role of Dialogue

Aim/Purpose: Scholars and practitioners agree that feedback is critical to doctoral students’ academic writing development, yet effective feedback processes are complex. The purpose of this case study was to examine the role of dialogue in a Writing Feedback Group (WFG) in facilitating the development of the scholarly writing of English as an Additional Language (EAL) doctoral students. The research question that guided this study was: How does dialogue within a writing feedback group create opportunities for EAL doctoral students to advance their knowledge and skills pertaining to scholarly writing? Background: Traditional doctoral student writing feedback, characterized as monologic and unidirectional, positions students as passive learners and is difficult for students to use to improve their writing. Dialogic and bi-directional feedback positions students as active learners as they engage in ongoing verbal and/or written exchanges about their writing. Examinations of verbal feedback on doctoral writing show face-to-face exchanges are a source of motivation and necessary for in-depth exchanges about ideas. There is limited understanding, however, as to how dialogue facilitates doctoral students’ development as scholarly writers. This case study examines the dialogue of EAL doctoral students as they read and respond to one another’s scholarly writing. Methodology: This was a qualitative case study of an established writing group. Four EAL doctoral students and one faculty member participated in this study during a 16-week semester. Conversational turns during 12 feedback sessions were analyzed using inductive coding with an interpretive approach to allow research findings to emerge from the data. A constant comparative method was used to classify and compare codes and categories and identify themes related to the study’s research question. Contribution: The findings from this study contribute to the body of knowledge on the role of dialogic feedback in doctoral writing development. The findings show how doctoral students’ dialogue about one another’s writing created critical learning experiences for their writing development. This study provides an explicit and systematic approach to dialogue in writing feedback groups. Findings: Dialogue scaffolded EAL doctoral students’ translation of their complex knowledge to accessible text and helped them respond to the rhetorical context. Dialogue also facilitated doctoral writers’ awareness of the importance of precise language and structural organization for readers of their academic writing. Recommendations for Practitioners: The WFG established a platform for doctoral students to try out their writing and to actively engage with others in receiving and providing ongoing feedback. It is suggested that institutions of higher education create ongoing opportunities for doctoral students to discuss scholarly writing. Writing feedback groups can take many forms, including established groups embedded into coursework or between advisor and advisees. Recommendation for Researchers: This study examined the dialogue of a writing feedback group whose process was highly structured. To develop a deeper understanding of the influence of dialogue on writing, it should be studied in various types of writing groups. Impact on Society: Research and scholarship are critical to advancing our society. Doctoral students who speak English as an additional language bring distinctive cultural perspectives to research. Their voices and research are critical to future academic literature. Future Research: The findings from this study highlight how dialogue in a writing feedback group afforded doctoral students ongoing opportunities to give and receive feedback on critical academic writing skills on their individual current writing projects. Further research is needed to understand the role of dialogue in the WFG on doctoral students’ enduring understanding and the application of academic writing skills on future writing projects.

The Crux Interpretum of 1 Cor 15:29: What is at Stake and a Proposal

This short paper tackles the much-discussed crux interpretum of 1 Cor 15:29. Biblical scholars have tended to analyse word for word the expression οἱ βαπτιζόμενοι ὑπὲρ τῶν νεκρῶν and present various hypotheses, with the idea favored by the scholarly majority being that of vicarious baptism for the dead. I propose a new reading of 1 Cor 15:29 in its literary and rhetorical context of 1 Cor 15:12–34. Here, what those who believe in Christ do (v. 29), what the apostles do (v. 30), and what Paul does (vv. 31–32), are put together as good practices which become incomprehensible if there is no resurrection of the dead. Vicarious baptism cannot be considered a good practice because it is at odds with Paul’s concept of baptism, and because it was later even considered heretical and aberrant. In this context, the paper proposes to read ὑπέρ with a sense of finality, i.e. “for/in view of,” and to see in ὑπὲρ τῶν νεκρῶν a brachylogy (as Paul employs elsewhere in his letters) for “for/in view of the resurrection of the dead.” Therefore in 1 Cor 15:29 Paul presents the positive example of the people who undergo baptism as a public manifestation of faith, in the hope of taking part in the final resurrection together with all the dead, especially with those who are “in Christ.” To the new reading corresponds this new translation: “Otherwise, what will they do those who have themselves baptised for/in view of (the resurrection of) the dead? If the dead are not raised at all, why then do they have themselves baptized for/in view of (the resurrection of) them?”

Motivating and Shaping Scientific Argumentation in Lab Reports.

Writing a lab report can be an opportunity for students to engage in scientific thinking. Yet students' lab reports often do not exhibit evidence of such engagement. Students' writing can appear focused on "filling in" required components and reporting on predetermined conclusions. We conducted a design experiment in an introductory biology laboratory course and examined the impact on students' engagement in argumentation in lab reports. Over two design iterations, students' arguments more often considered and integrated multiple claims, included a broader range of evidence and ideas, and gave appropriate attention to uncertainty in conclusions. We argue that two interrelated changes to the design of the lab course made these shifts possible. First, we restructured the role of instructors to position them as an audience interested in students' thinking. Second, we introduced more uncertainty into the lab activities to provoke consideration of multiple interpretations. We propose that these changes created a different rhetorical context that helped motivate and shape students' engagement in argumentation. More broadly, we suggest that an important alternative to explicitly scaffolding knowledge and skills is to design learning environments that can inspire students to engage in a range of scientific practices more authentically.

TORTURE, TRUTH AND NATIONAL SECURITY IN SENECA'S TROADES

AbstractThis article argues that the encounter between Andromache and Ulysses in Seneca's Troades engages with the genre of declamation to juxtapose two different discourses surrounding torture: one focussed on torture's connection to truth, the other on its connection to tyranny. It describes how the Greek general Ulysses, convinced of the danger of letting the Trojan prince Astyanax live, threatens his mother Andromache with physical torture in order to ascertain the truth of Astyanax's whereabouts. However, Ulysses is countered by Andromache's rhetoric, through which, the article shows, she depicts herself as the archetypal heroic victim of a tyrant. It discusses how Ulysses innovates with an effective psychological torture in response. The article sets the scenario within the broader rhetorical context and demonstrates how it reflects debate among the contemporary elite about the necessity of, and the risks from, the rising use of torture by the Julio-Claudian emperors, a debate which resonates in the modern era.

학위논문의 수사적 맥락에서 대학원 유학생의 필자 정체성 분석

This study analyzes how international students embody their stance and voice in text, focusing on the theses that require strong authorities. For this analysis, this study theoretically examined the concept of writer identity and the scope of the rhetorical context, and analyzed the Writer Identity of international students by focusing on the specific discourse and rhetorical organization of the discourse. The results demonstrate that the dominant characteristics of international students, which is distinguished by a specific rhetorical context, was revealed. This study is meaningful because it analyzed the stance and voice of writers in theses completed by international students and derives educational implications required for thesis education.